ISichibiyelo sesihlanu soMthetho-sisekelo we-United States singenye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuvikela inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye phakathi kweSiphakamiso samaLungelo. Siqiniswa ngo-1791, simisa iqoqo lezivikelo ezivikela izakhamuzi kuhulumeni ngokuphamba futhi siqinisekisa ubulungisa ekuququlweni okungokomthetho. Kubenzi bezomthetho, ukuqonda iSichibiyelo sesihlanu kubalulekile hhayi nje kuphela ukuze kucelwe amakhasimende kodwa futhi kuqondiswe ukuhlanganisa izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwamandla ombuso namalungelo omuntu siqu. Ngonyaka ka1791, lokhu kuvikela isilinganiso esiyisisekelo ekuphenyweni kohulumeni ngokuphakanyiswa, ukuquliswa ngokungemthetho, ukuhlwithwa kwempahla okungenamthetho, nokuncishwa kwempahla okungalungile.

Umlando Wesichibiyelo Sesihlanu

Izimpande zeSichibiyelo sesihlanu zafinyelela engxenyeni yomthetho wesiNgisi kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwamakoloni. Izinkantolo zakuqala zamaNgisi, njenge-Star Chamber, zaphoqelela abamangalelwa ukuba baphendule izifungo ezingaphansi kwezifungo ngaphandle kokwazi izifungo, ngokuvamile besebenzisa ukuhlushwa ukuze bakhiphe ukuvuma. Lokhu kwabhebhethekisa ukumelana nezenzo ezifanayo zokuzivumelanisa ngaphansi kokubusa kweBrithani. ISichibiyelo sesihlanu sasungulwa ukuvimbela ubushiqela kulelo republic entsha.

James Madison, umklami oyinhloko weSikhulu samalungelo abantu, wathola isiqinisekiso sikaMagna Carta senqubo efanelekile kanye nesomthetho-sisekelo wamakoloni owavikela ukumelana nokuziphikisa. Ukulungiswa kwanikezwa ngenxa yokukhathalela ukuthi uMthetho-sisekelo wokuqala wawungenazo izivikelo ezicacile kubantu ngabanye. Waqiniswa kanye nenye iMithetho Yamalungelo abantu ngoDecember 15, 1791, iSiphendulo Sesihlanu esasiyingxenye yesiko elingokomthetho laseNgilandi kodwa manje sase siboshwe ngendwayo yomthetho-mthetho-Mpal.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iNkantolo Ephakeme iye yachaza iSichibiyelo sesihlanu ukuba sihlanganise iziphetho ezinhlanu ezihlukile: ilungelo lokubekwa kwamacala amakhulu abahluleli enkantolo noma emacala adumile, ukunqatshelwa kwengozi ephindwe kabili, ilungelo lokumelana nokuzibeka umthetho ngokungemthetho, isiqinisekiso senqubo efanele, nemfuneko yokuba impahla yomuntu siqu isetshenziswe kuphela ngokukhokhelwa umphakathi.

Amalungiselelo Ayinhloko ESichibiyelo Sesihlanu

ISichibiyelo Sesihlanu sakhiwa izigaba eziningana ezincikene. Ukuqonda ilungiselelo ngalinye ngokwehlukana, kanye nendlela elisebenzelana ngayo, kubalulekile ekulisebenziseni emikhubeni engokomthetho.

Ukumelana Nokuzilimaza

Mhlawumbe isici esiwuphawulo kakhulu seSichibiyelo sesihlanu ilungelo lokuziphindiselela. Lelilungelo livumela noma ubani ukuba enqabe ukuphendula imibuzo noma anikeze ubufakazi obungaholela ekumangalelweni ngecala. Asebenzanga ukufakaza enkantolo kuphela kodwa futhi nasekuphenyweni kwamaphoyisa, ukuqulwa kwemibuzo, nokuqulwa kwecala. Ilungelo lilodwa futhi kumelwe liqinisekiswe; alikho ukukhokhwa komunye.

Ilungelo elimelene nokuziphikisa lidlulela kunoma yikuphi ukuxhumana okungaveza amaqiniso angenzeka. Nokho, alihlanganisi ubufakazi obungokoqobo obunjengamasampula egazi, iminwe, noma izimpawu zombhalo, ngoba lezo zibhekwa njengezingabonisi mbono. INkantolo Ephakeme ilokhu ikholelwa ukuthi ilungelo livikela umuntu ukuba aphoqelelwe ukuba abe ufakazi omelene naye, hhayi osebenzisa ezinye izinhlobo zobufakazi.

Kumthetho wanamuhla, lelilungelo livame ukucelwa lapho kuphenywa ijele. Isixwayiso sikaMiranda, esasifunwa iNkantolo Ephakeme ngo- 1966, siwumphumela oqondile weSichibiyelo sesihlanu. Izikhulu zomthetho kumelwe zitshele abasoli ngelungelo labo lokuthula kanye nelungelo labo kummeli ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukuphenywa. Ukuhluleka ukwenza kanjalo kungaphumela ekucininini noma yiziphi izinkulumo ezitholakele.

Inqubo Yomthetho Efanele

I-Seary Procession Clause yeSichibiyelo sesihlanu yeSichibiyelo seSigqi sesihlanu inqabela uhulumeni ukuba uncishise noma ubani wokuphila, inkululeko, noma impahla ngaphandle kwenqubo efanelekile yomthetho. Lelilungiselelo linezinga elifana ne-productal ne-octus. Inqubo efanelekile idinga ukuba uhulumeni alandele inqubo elungile futhi emisiwe ngaphambi kokuba athathe isinyathelo esingathandeki. Nakuba kuphikiswana kakhulu, kuvikelwa amalungelo athile ayisisekelo ekuphazanyisweni nguhulumeni, ngisho nalapho kusetshenziswa izinqubo ezilungile.

INkantolo Ephakeme iye yasebenzisa i-The Ist Procession Claus ezindaweni eziningi, kusukela ekuqulweni kwecala lobugebengu kuya ekuphazanyisweni kwezakhamuzi, kusukela emacaleni okuphatha kuya ezimpikiswaneni zomthetho womkhaya. Isigaba sidinga ukuba abantu bathole isaziso sezenzo ezingokomthetho ezilindele nethuba lokuzwakala. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphambi kokuba uhulumeni athole iholo elikhokhelayo, athathe impahla, noma akhiphe amalungelo omzali, kumelwe anikeze umuntu othintekayo ithuba elibalulekile lokuncintisana nesenzo.

I-Gast Process Claus isekela futhi umqondo “wokulunga okungokolwazi.” Izinkantolo zihlola ingqikithi yezimo ukuze zinqume ukuthi inqubo ayilungile yini kangangokuthi iphula amalungelo omthetho-sisekelo ommangalelwa. Lokhu kuvumelana ne-palm kuvumele ukuba i-games ivumelane nokushintsha izinqubo zezemfundo kuyilapho ilondoloza umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko njengesivikelo emandleni kahulumeni omthetho ozimele.

Isivikelo Engozini Ephindwe Kabili

I-Bible Jeopardy Claus ivimbela uhulumeni ukuba aqulise umuntu kabili ngenxa yecala elifanayo ngemva kokuvunyelwa noma ukulahlwa. Lokhu kuhloselwe ukuvimbela umbuso ukuba uvimbele ummangalelwa ngokummangalela ngokuphindaphindiwe, umkhuba owawuvamile eNgilandi emakhulwini eminyaka adlule.

Izingozi eziphindwe kabili uma ijaji lifungela ukuqulwa kwecala, noma lapho ufakazi wokuqala efunwe icala ebhentshini. Uma ummangalelwa ekhululiwe, uhulumeni akanakunxusa ukuthi ukulahlwa noma ukuquliswa komthetho ofanayo kuwenziwe, ngisho noma kuvela ubufakazi obusha. Nokho, lo mbhalo awukubekeli ukuqulwa izigwebo kwabahluleli abahlukene, uhulumeni wezwe nohulumeni kungamangalela ukuziphatha okufanayo uma kuphula kokubili umthetho kahulumeni nombuso. “Lona mbuso owembuyisela ukuqulwa okusha, noma uveza ubufakazi obusha. Nokho, lo mbhalo awukuvikeli ukuqulwa kwabahlulelwa abahluleli abahlukeneyo.) Uhulumeni nohulumeni uhulumeni uhulumeni bangamangalela umthetho ofanayo uma uwephula umthetho nombuso.

Ingozi ephindwe kabili iyasebenza futhi ekumangalelweni komphakathi nasekudeleleni kobugebengu uma lezo ziphakamiso ziyisijeziso esingokwemvelo. Izinkantolo zihlukanisa phakathi kwezijeziso zomphakathi ezihloselwe ukukhokha izisulu nezijeziso zobugebengu ezihloselwe ukujezisa.

Ukuthatha UClaus – Ilungelo Lokumane Uphakele

Ngokuvamile inganakiwe ezingxoxweni zeSichibiyelo sesihlanu yi-Puries Claus: “Impahla yomuntu siqu ngeke ithathwe ukuze isetshenziswe umphakathi, ngaphandle kwenkokhelo.” Le nkulumo ilinganisela amandla kahulumeni ombuso ophakeme. Uma uhulumeni ethatha impahla yomphakathi ngenjongo yomphakathi [1] Njengesakhiwo somgwaqo omkhulu, isikole, noma ipaki lomphakathi, kumelwe ikhokhele umninimakethe.

I-Pimens Claus ihlanganisa nokuthatha imithetho, lapho umthetho kahulumeni uthatha khona kuze kube semgomweni ophumelelayo wokuncisha umnini wonke umsebenzi wempahla yabo. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yasungula umthetho oyinkimbinkimbi ukuze inqume ukuthi umthetho uthatha nini imbuyiselo. Lena indawo yokukhokha okubalulekile, okuhilela ukusetshenziswa kwendawo, imithetho yendawo ezungezile, nemithetho yokulawula. Ngaleyo ndlela ivikela amalungelo empahla kuyilapho uhulumeni evumela ukuba afeze imisebenzi yakhe ebalulekile.

Izinhlelo ezinephutha

Isivikelo seSichibiyelo Sesihlanu sisetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokuqhubeka okungokomthetho, kusukela ekumini kwamaphoyisa okuvamile kuya ekuhlolweni okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezinhlangano. Ukuqonda indlela lezisivikelo ezisebenza ngayo ezimweni ezihlukahlukene kubalulekile ukuze kutholakale ukumelelwa okungokomthetho okuphumelelayo.

Ukulingwa Kwezigebengu

Ekuqulweni kwecala lobugebengu, iSichibiyelo sesihlanu sifeza indima enkulu kusukela esikhathini sokuboshwa ngezikhathi zokuphenywa ngemva kokuphenywa. Phakathi nokuphenywa kwamaphoyisa, kumelwe kubhekwe ukuthi amaphoyisa anelungelo lawo leMiranda. Uma amaphoyisa ehluleka ukwenza kanjalo, noma yisiphi isitatimende esingatholakali ebufakazini. Ecaleni, abamangalelwa banelungelo eliphelele lokungafakazeli, futhi abamangalelwa abanakusho lokho kuthula. Ijaji alitshelwa ukuba lingafaki noma ikuphi ukuveza okuphambene nokuhluleka kommangalelwa ukuthatha isigwebo.

Abamangaleli kumelwe baqaphele ukuba bangawephuli amalungelo eSichibiyelo sesihlanu seMthethweni phakathi nokuphenya. Abakwazi ukubuza imibuzo engaphoqelela ummangalelwa ukuba avume icala noma avume amaqiniso angasetshenziswa ekumangalelweni okuhlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ummangalelwa efakazela futhi kamuva enxusa ilungelo lokuthula ezindabeni ezithile, inkantolo ingavimbela ukuqulwa kwemibuzo eyengeziwe.

Ilungelo elimelene nokuziphindisela lidlulela kofakazi ababizwa nhlangothi zombili. Ufakazi, kuhlanganise no-codentinant noma umuntu obambisanayo, angase enqabe ukuphendula imibuzo engawafaka umlomo. Inkantolo kumelwe inikeze ubufakazi obubodwa obungagunyaziyo bungamelani nokwenqaba kweSichibiyelo sesihlanu. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokuzivikela: ukuvikela ekunqandeni ukuqunjelwa, okuvikela ekumangalelweni ukuqunjelwa, futhi okuvimbela ukumelana nenkinga, okumane nje kwenqabela uhulumeni ukusebenzisa ubufakazi obuphoqelelwe ngokuqondile noma obungenamthethweni.

Amacala Angaphakathi

Nakuba iSichibiyelo sesihlanu sihlangene kakhulu nomthetho wobugebengu, isivikelo saso sidlulela nasemithethweni yomphakathi. Abantu ngabanye bangaqinisa ilungelo lokumelana nokuziphikisa kwezentengiselwano, ukuphenya ngisho nasecaleni lomphakathi. Iqembu elimisa lelilungelo akudingeki ukuba lifakazele ubugebengu bangempela, kuphela ukuthi impendulo ingaba yize ibangele ukuba babulawe.

Nokho, ukuqinisekisa iSichibiyelo sesihlanu ecaleni lomphakathi kunezingozi ezinkulu. Ijaji elithatha ijaji noma ijaji . Ngokungafani necala lobugebengu, lapho kungekho mpendulo, izinkantolo zomphakathi eziphikisanayo zivumela iqembu eliphikisanayo ukuba liphikise ngokuthi ukuthula kusho icala noma icala. Lokhu kungalimaza ngokusemthethweni ummangalelwa ekukhwabaniseni komphakathi noma ecaleni lomuntu ongase abekwe icala lobugebengu elihlobene nokuziphatha okufanayo.

Okunye ukusetshenziswa komphakathi kweSichibiyelo sesihlanu kuhilela ukuthatha u-Claus. Abanikazi bempahla abakholelwa ukuthi umthetho kahulumeni uthathe impahla yabo ngokuphumelelayo ngaphandle kokukhokhelwa kungaletha “inselele” noma“ njengoba isetshenziswa”. Lokhu kuvame ukuhilela imibuzo enzima ngemiphumela yezezomnotho yemithetho, ukubuyiselwa kwemali yempahla, kanye nezenzo zikahulumeni.

Izindaba Zebandla Nezokuphatha

IsiHlanzi sesihlanu siyasebenza futhi ezimisweni ezingezona ezomthetho, njengokuqulwa kwemithetho nokuqulwa kwemithetho. OFakazi abangaphansi kokufakazelwa phambi kweSishaya-mthetho noma inhlangano kahulumeni bangase banxuse ilungelo ngokumelene nokuziphindisela. Izikhulu zikahulumeni azinakuphoqelela ubufakazi ngaphandle kokunikeza isivikelo. Lesivikelo sasetshenziswa kakhulu ngaphambi kwamakomiti enhlangano ehlola ubugebengu obuhleliwe futhi, muva nje, phakathi nokuhlola izinhlelo zokhetho nezindaba zezezimali zomkhankaso.

Izinhlangano eziphethe, njenge-Secturaties and Exchange Commission noma i-Internal Revolution Service, kumelwe futhi ziwahloniphe amalungelo eSichibiyelo sesihlanu. Abantu banganqaba ukunikeza amarekhodi ayobanikeza imvume, nakuba imfundiso “yokuhlola imibhalo” ingalinganisela lelolungelo lapho uhulumeni ufuna ukwaziswa okuthile njengesimo sokuhileleka emsebenzini olawulayo. Izinkantolo ziye zaqopha umehluko olinganiselwe ezimweni lapho uhulumeni unesithakazelo esiphoqelelayo, kodwa ilungelo lihlala liqinile.

Amacala Aphakeme Enkantolo

INkantolo Ephakeme iye yakhipha imibono eminingi echaza iSichibiyelo Sesihlanu, iqondisa indlela esihlelwe ngayo futhi icacise imingcele yaso.

Miranda v. e - Arizona (1966)

EMiranda ne-Arizona, iNkantolo Ephakeme yathi izinkulumo ezithathwa ummeli osolwayo phakathi nokuphenywa kwejele azinakwa ngaphandle kokuba osolwayo atshelwe ngamalungelo abo eSichibiyelo sesihlanu futhi wawalahla ngokuzithandela. INkantolo yachaza izixwayiso ezijwayelekile: ilungelo lokuthula, ukuthi noma yini eshiwoyo ingasetshenziswa ngokumelene nomuntu, ilungelo lokuthola ummeli, nelungelo lokuba nommeli osolwayo amiswe uma engenakukwazi ukuthenga. UMira wakha umthetho ohlakaniphile ophinde wamisa imithetho yomthetho ezweni lonke. Izinqumo ezilandelayo ziye zacwenga uMira, zivumela ukuba kusetshenziswe ngaphandle kwecala ezimweni zokuphepha umphakathi, kodwa imfuneko eyisisekelo ihlale iyitshe lenqubo yobugebengu yaseMelika.

Griffin v. California (1965)

KuGriffin v. California, iNkantolo Ephakeme yanquma ukuthi iSichibiyelo sesihlanu sinqabela umshushisi ukuba akhulume ngephutha lommangalelwa lokufaka ubufakazi ecaleni. INkantolo yaphetha ngokuthi ukuchaza okunjalo kukhipha isijeziso sokusebenzisa ilungelo ngokumelene nokuzimela kwakhe. Lesi sinqumo sashintsha umkhuba owawuvamile ngaleso sikhathi eCalifornia kanye nezinye izifundazwe lapho abashushisi babengaphikisa khona ukuthi ukuthula kommangalelwa kuveza icala. UGriffin waqinisekisa ukuthi kokubili ummangaleli nomahluleli kumelwe kuyeke ukudonsela ukunakekela ekuthuleni ummangalelwa, eqinisekisa ukuthi ijaji alikho icala elihambisana nokubekwa kwelungelo lomthetho.

Kastigar v. waseUnited States (1972)

Kastigar v. United States wakhuluma ngomthetho wokuzivikela kobufakazi. INkantolo yaphetha ngokuthi uhulumeni ungaphoqelela ubufakazi ngenxa yokwenqaba kweSichibiyelo sesihlanu uma unikeza “ukumelana nokuzivikela” kunokusebenzisa ukunqanda ukuthengwa okuphelele. Sebenzisa ukunqanda uhulumeni ekusebenziseni ubufakazi obuphoqelelwe, noma noma noma yibuphi ubufakazi obutholakala kuyo, ekumangalelweni okulandelayo. INkantolo yanquma ukuthi lokhu kwanele ukuvikela ilungelo ngoba ufakazi akanakuphoqelelwa ukuba abe ngufakazi omelene nabo ngokwabo kuphela, qha, futhi izithelo zayo zinqatshelwe. UKastigar uhlala ewumthetho obusayo ngokuzivikela futhi udinga uhulumeni ukuba ufakazele ngokuphelele ukuthi ubufakazi bayo buzimele bubo obuphoqelelwe.

United States v. Pathane (2004)

EUnited States v. Pathane, iNkantolo Ephakeme yacabangela ukuthi ukwehluleka ukunikeza izixwayiso zeMiranda kudinga ukucindezelwa kobufakazi obungokomzimba obutholakala ngenxa yezinkulumo ezingalwiwanga. INkantolo yathi iSichibiyelo sesihlanu asidingi ukucinywa kobufakazi obungokomzimba obungabonisi inhlonipho ngenxa nje yokuthi satholwa ngenxa yezinkulumo ezashiwo ngokuphula umthetho kaMiranda. Isinqumo esihlukanisa phakathi kwezimemezelo zokuzithandela ezithola ngaphandle kwezixwayiso namazwi aphoqelelwe aphula ilungelo eliyinhloko. UPathane uveza umehluko womphumela weSiphendulo sesihlanu seHlamfa: I-jurisprudentine: IMiranda abenzi ubufakazi obungathandeki obungafakazelwa ngokuzenzekelayo.

Ukufuna Ochwepheshe Bezomthetho

Abameli bacabanga ukuthi iSichibiyelo Sesihlanu asisona nje isikole kuphela, kodwa siyithuluzi eliwusizo okumelwe lifundwe ukuze likwazi ukumelela amakhasimende ngokuphumelelayo.

Ukunxusa Amakhasimende Amalungelo Awo

Ummeli ngamunye kufanele aqinisekise ukuthi amakhasimende aqonda amalungelo awo eSichibiyelo sesihlanu ngaphambi kokusebenzelana nomthetho olandelwayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuchaza ilungelo lokuthula, ilungelo lommeli, nemiphumela yokuwakhipha lawo malungelo. Emacaleni amhlophe, lapho ikhasimende lingase libe yisisulu sophenyo olukhulu lwamajaji, iseluleko kufanele siqondise ukunqabela noma iziphi izinkulumo ngaphandle kokuqala ukuxoxa nomthetho. Ngokufanayo, emacaleni ezingane noma asekhaya, abathengi kufanele bazi ukuthi noma yini abathi bangayisebenzisa ekwahluleleni.

Ukuvikela Okusekelwe Ezinqandelweni Zesihlanu

Abameli bezempi bavame ukusebenzisa iSichibiyelo sesihlanu njengesivikelo phakathi nokuqulwa kwecala. Izinhloso zokucindezela izimemezelo ezenziwa ngaphandle kwezixwayiso ezifanelekile ze-Miranda ziyinqubo. Ama-athorney ayaxoxa futhi ukuze avikeleke phambi kwamakhasimende anikeza ubufakazi kumajaji amakhulu noma abaphengululi. Isinqumo sokuthi ummangalelwa kufanele afakazele emacaleni singenye yezinqumo eziyingozi kakhulu. Ummeli kumelwe ahlole izinzuzo zokulandisa indaba yommangalelwa ngokumelene nezingozi zokuncintisana nokungagunyazwa. ISiphendulo sesihlanu sibuye sinikeze ubufakazi: Abamangalelwa bangabambisana ekushintsheni isigwebo somthetho, kodwa abangeboshelwa ukuba bathathelwe isigwebo ngokwabo.

Ukuqonda Ukulinganiselwa KweSichibiyelo

ISichibiyelo sesihlanu asiphelele. Umbuso ungaphoqelela ubufakazi ngokunikeza ukugonyelwa. Izinhlangano nezinye izinhlangano zamabhizinisi azilijabuleli lelilungelo; abantu kuphela abangalicela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ilungelo lingase lincishiswe uma umuntu ephendula imibuzo ngokuzithandela ngaphandle kokuyibuza. Ezimweni zomphakathi, umthetho oshaya indiva ungavala isijeziso. Ama-Atttorney kumelwe akulungele ukululeka amakhasi ngokulinganiselwa futhi athuthukise amasu anciphisa izingozi kuyilapho efaka isivikelo esiqinile.

Izinselele Nezimpikiswano Zesikhathi Esizayo

ISichibiyelo sesihlanu siyaqhubeka siguquka ngenxa yezinguquko zobuchwepheshe nezezenhlalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwanda kwezokuxhumana okuyimfihlo kuphakamisa imibuzo yokuthi uhulumeni angaphoqelela yini ukuba anikeze amagama ayimfihlo noma imishini yokuvula. Izinkantolo zihlukene ngokuthi leyo mfuneko iphula ilungelo elimelene nokuzilahla. INkantolo Ephakeme isazokhipha isinqumo esiqinisekile kule ndaba.

Enye indawo yempikiswano ukusebenza kwe-Currect Process Claus ku-izinhlangano zokuphatha zanamuhla. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi izimemezelo zezemfundo ngokuvamile azinazo izinqabo ezifunwa ezinkantolo ezingokwesiko. Ukuthathwa kuka-Claus kubhekene nezinselele ezintsha ngemithetho yokushintsha isimo sezulu, imingcele yokusebenzisa indawo, kanye nokwanda kwezindawo ezidumile zokuthuthukisa izomnotho. Le mpikiswano iqinisekisa ukuthi iSichibiyelo sesihlanu sihlala siyinto eqinile nephikiswayo yomthetho wemithetho esemthethweni.

Isiphetho

ISichibiyelo sesihlanu singaphezulu kakhulu komthetho wobungcweti; siwumsuka wesisekelo wenkululeko yaseMelika. Kusukela ekumelaneni naso ukuphoqelelwa kwenkosi, ngezinqumo zeNkantolo ePhakeme, ekusebenzeni kwayo kwansuku zonke ezinkantolo nasezindlebeni, lokhu kulunga kuvikela abantu emandleni kahulumeni aluhlaza. Uma kucelwa umgadi osolwayo emotweni egadekile, ummangalelwa obekwe ecaleni, ufakazi obekwe phambi kweSishayamthetho, noma umnini wempahla obhekene nempatho kahulumeni, iSiphendulo sesihlanu siqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni kumelwe usebenze ngokulunga, kumelwe uhloniphe isithunzi somuntu ngamunye, futhi kumelwe abeke ubufakazi obuqinile. Ngoba ochwepheshe bezomthetho, ukuqonda okujulileyo iSiphendulo seNhla Yesihlanu kubaluleke kuphela, kodwa hhayi njengendaba yomthetho kodwa njengesibopho sokuzibo lomthetho ochaza isimiso somthetho.