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Indima Ebucayi Yezimiso Zokubhala Ngeposi Phakathi Nezimo Zomphakathi Zezempilo

Lapho kugadla izinhlekelele zempilo yomphakathi, ilungelo eliyisisekelo lokuvota libhekene nezinselele ezingakaze zibonwe ngaphambili. Phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo zempilo, izindlela zokuvota ezingokwesiko zingaguqula iziteshi zokuvota zibe amachashaza ashisayo, zibangele ukungqubuzana okuyingozi phakathi kwezimiso zomphakathi nokuphepha komuntu siqu. I-Vote-mail-yikhambi elibalulekile elivikela kokubili ukungenela kwentando yeningi nempilo yomphakathi, linikeza indlela elondekile yokusebenzisa amalungelo azo engokomthetho ngaphandle kokufaka engozini yezifo ezithathelwanayo.

Okhetho lwama-2020 babonisa ukubaluleka okubalulekile kokuvota nge-COVID-19, njengoba amaphesenti angu-32 abavoti akhetha ukuphonsa amavoti abo ngale ndlela okhethweni lwango-2022, ngisho nangemva kokuba imingcele ewumqedazwe inciphile. Phakathi nokhetho lwama-202020, ama-bollat ahlanganisa amaphesenti angu-343 okuvota, abonisa indlela amaMelika ashesha ngayo ukuvumelana nalendlela yokuvota lapho impilo yawo isengozini. Lokhu kushintsha okuphawulekayo akukona nje ukusabela kwesikhashana enkingeni.[10]

Ukwanda kwamavoti ngeposi phakathi nobhadane kwabonisa ukuthi okhetho bangaqhubeka ngokuphepha nangokulondekile ngisho naphakathi kwezimo eziyinselele kakhulu. Indlela ephephile nelondekile kakhulu yokuvota emzabalazweni yi-voti-posi, ngokokucwaninga okuvela kwi-Brookings Institution. Lokhu kuhlola kuye kwaqinisekiswa izigidi zamavoti aphumelelayo eposi phakathi nemijikelezo yokukhetha yamuva, ebonisa ukuthi isivikelo somphakathi kanye nobuqotho bokhetho kungahlala ndawonye.

Ukuqonda ama-sopt mail system: Umlandu nokuziphendukela kwemvelo

Ukuvote-mail kuphambene nomqondo omusha eMelika yentando yeningi. Umkhuba usukela emuva eMpini Yombango, lapho amasosha enikezwa ithuba lokuvota enkundleni yempi. Lesi sibonelo esingokomlando samisa isimiso esibalulekile: uma izimo zivimbela izakhamuzi ukuba zivote, ezinye izindlela kumelwe zitholakale ukuze kulondolozwe amalungelo azo entando yeningi.

Phakathi namashumi eminyaka, ukuvota okungekho kwakhula kancane kancane ngaphandle kwezisebenzi zezempi futhi kwahlanganisa namanye amaqembu abhekene nemingcele yokuvota. Ukusetshenziswa kwawo kwezempi ngokushesha kwanwetshwa kumaMelika ahlala noma ahamba phesheya ngesikhathi sokhetho, asebekhulile, abagulayo, noma abakhubazekile, abafundi abasekolishi kwelinye izwe, futhi noma ubani ozimo zakhe zivota umuntu ongenakukhonzwa. Lokhu kwandisa kwabangela ukuba iposi ivoti ithathelwe indawo enkulu phakathi nobhadane.

Ukuguqula IPandemic-Era

Izifundakazi eziningi zashintsha okwesikhashana imithetho yazo engekho/imithungo ukuze zinikeze ithuba eliningi lokuvota iposi phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVOID-19, ziqaphela isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuvikela abavoti ekuchayekeni kwamagciwane. California, D.C., Nevada, New Jersey, neVermont eposwe kubo bonke abavoti ngo-2020, njengoba kuvumelana ne-COVOVID, kuyilapho amazwe amaningana enza izinguquko ezihlala njalo ezimisweni zawo zokuvota.

Kusukela ngo - 2024, amazwe ayisishiyagalombili (iCalifornia, iColorado, iHawaii, iNevada, i - Oregon, i - Utah, iVermont, neWashington) aqhuba ukhetho ngokuphelele ngeposi.

Inqubo yokuvota yaqala ukushesha. Ukwanda kwenani elikhulu phakathi nokhetho kusuka ngo 2016 kuya ku-202020 kwabangelwa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa okhethweni okwandayo, njengoba inani lamavoti akhishwa ngeposi eqiniswe cishe ngokuphindwe kabili phakathi kokhetho oluvamile luka 2016 no-2020. Nakuba amazinga okuvota ngeposi ehle ngandlela-thile kusuka kunyuko lwawo lwama-202020, ahlala ephakeme kakhulu kunasezingeni langaphambi kwe-pandemic, okusikisela ukuthi abavoti abaningi baye bamukela lendlela unomphela.

Izinzuzo Ezinhle Zemisebe Yeposi Ngezikhathi Zempilo

Ukuqeda Ukuxhumana Okungokomzimba Nokunciphisa Ukusakazeka Kwezifo

Inzuzo esheshayo yamavoti phakathi nobhadane ukususwa kwezindawo zokuhlola eziminyene lapho ukusakazwa kwezifo kungavela ngokushesha. Ukuvota okungokwesiko kudinga izakhamuzi ukuba ziqoqe izindawo ezivalekile, ngokuvamile zime emigqeni emide, zithinte izindawo ezihlukene, futhi zihlangane nezisebenzi zokuvota kanye nabanye abavoti. Phakathi nobhadane, ukuxhumana ngakunye kumelela isenzakalo esingase sidlulise.

Ukuvota ngeposi kususa ngokuphelele lezingozi ngokuvumela abavoti ukuba baqede amavoti abo endaweni ephephile emakhaya abo. Asikho isidingo sokuya ezindaweni zokuvota, ukulinda emigqeni nabanye abantu, nokungaphathi imishini ehlanganyelwanayo njengemishini yokuvota noma amapeni. Lokhu kukhishwa kwezindawo ezingase zichayeke kwenza ukuvota iposi kube yikho okungcono kakhulu okutholakalayo phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo zempilo.

Ukubaluleka kwalenzuzo kwabonakala kakhulu phakathi nokhetho lwama-2020. Ukukhathazeka ngokubamba noma ukusakaza i-cororvirus kwakuyizizathu eziyinhloko ezenza ukuba u 24% wabavoti akhethe indlela yokuvota, nakuba iningi labavoti (55%) lithi ukukhathazeka nge-corosvirus kwakungesona isici esihilelekile esinqumweni sabo. Lo kwaziswa kusikisela ukuthi nakuba kungezona zonke izinqumo zempilo ezibekwa phambili, ingxenye enkulu eyenziwa ekuvoteleni ngokucabangela ukuphepha okuwumqedazwelo.

Ukuthuthukisa Ngokuphawulekayo Ukutholakala Kwenani Labantu Elinhle

Izimiso zokubhala ngeposi zinikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile zokutholakala ezidlulela ngalé kwezimo eziwumqedazwe kodwa zibe ezibaluleke kakhulu phakathi nezinkinga zempilo. Abavoti asebekhulile, abantu abakhubazekile, labo abanezimiso zokuzivikela ezisenkingeni, nabantu abanezimo zempilo ezimahlalakhona babhekana nezingozi ezinkulu phakathi nobhadane. Kulamanani, ukuvota ngokuvota ngezikhathi eziphuthumayo kungase kungabi okuphazamisayo kulokhu kusongela ukuphila.

Ukuvota ngeposi kususa izithiyo ezingokomzimba ezivimbela abantu abaningi ukuba bahlanganyele kukhetho. Izimo ezilinganiselwe akudingeki ukuba bahambe ngezohambo baye ezindaweni zokuvota noma balawule izindawo zokuvota ezingafinyeleleki. Labo abangakwazi ukubona bangathatha isikhathi sabo sokuhlola ama-collet ngezobuchwepheshe obusizayo emakhaya abo. Abantu abavinjelwe yiziphene bangavota ngaphandle kokuchayeka ezifweni eziyingozi.

Izinzuzo zokutholakala zibuye zifike nakulabo abanakekelayo kanye nezisebenzi ezibalulekile. Phakathi nobhadane, izisebenzi zokwelapha, abaphendulayo bokuqala nezinye izisebenzi ezidingekayo zivame ukusebenza amahora amaningi nezimiso ezingefani ezenza ukuvota kube nzima. Ukuvota ngeposi kuvumela lezi zisebenzi ezigxekayo ukuba zihlanganyele okhethweni ngaphandle kokunezela esinye isibopho ezimisweni zazo ezinzima kakade.

Ukuqinisekisa Ukuzinikela Kwezentando Yeningi Nokuzibamba Ngokubusa Kwentando Yeningi

Mhlawumbe inzuzo eyisisekelo yezimiso zokuvota ngeposi phakathi nobhadane ikhono labo lokuqinisekisa ukuthi okhetho lungaqhubeka ngezikhathi ezithile kungakhathaliseki izimo zempilo yomphakathi. Idemokhrasi ayinakuhlehliswa ngokungenasiphelo, ngisho naphakathi kwezinkinga. Izinhlelo zinikeza izinqubo ezibalulekile zokulandisa, ukushintsha okunokuthula kwamandla, namathuba ezakhamuzi ukuba zilungise ukusabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo.

Phakathi nezindawo zokhetho ezingu-2020, ukhetho lwe-corovirarus oluphazamiseke kakhulu, nezimiso zokuvota zikahulumeni eziqiniswe yimigqa emide, ukuthutheleka kwezicelo zokuvota ezingekho, kanye nezindaba zobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kuphazamisa kwabonisa ukuchayeka kwezimiso zokukhetha ezincike kakhulu ekuvotelweni kwe-aperson phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo zezempilo. Amazwe ayenesimiso sokuvota esiqinile endaweni ayesesimweni esingcono sokugcina ukuqhubekela phambili kokuvota.

Ikhono lokukhetha phakathi nobhadane linemiphumela emikhulu yokubusa kwentando yeningi. Ngaphandle kwezindlela zokuvota ezithembekile phakathi nezinkinga zempilo, ohulumeni bangabhekana nezinselele ezingokomthetho, ukusabela kwezimiso kungangabi khona komkhakha wentando yeningi, futhi ukuthunyelwa ngokuthula kwamandla kungabekwa engozini. Izimiso zobuProfethi zinganikeza ukuqina okudingekile ukuze kulondolozwe izinqubo zentando yeningi ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo eziyinselele kakhulu.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukudla Nokuhlanganyela

Ngaphandle kwezinzuzo zempilo ezisheshayo, ukuvota ngeposi kunikeza izinzuzo ezingandisa izinga lokuhlanganyela. Izwe elithumela ivoti kunoma ubani obhaliwe, kuhlanganise neCalifornia, libone ukuvota kwanda isilinganiso samaphesenti amane noma ngaphezulu kubo bonke abavoti. Lokhu kukhushulelwa kwenzeka ngoba ukuvota ngeposi kususa eziningi zezithiyo ezivimbela abantu ekuvotelweni.

Ngezivoti zeposi, abavoti bangathatha isikhathi sabo sokuhlola abavoti kanye nezimpikiswano, bethintana nabaqondisi nezinye imithombo njengoba begcwalisa amavoti abo. Akukho kucindezela okuvela emigqeni emide yabavoti abalindileyo, akukho ukuvinjelwa kwesikhathi okubekwa ngokuhlola amahora ezindawo, futhi asikho isidingo sokujaha izinyathelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuvota. Lendlela yokuvota ebanzi ingaholela ekwenzeni izinqumo ezinolwazi kakhulu nemiphumelo ephakeme yentando yeningi.

Isici esiwusizo sibaluleka kakhulu phakathi nobhadane lapho izici eziningi zokuphila kwansuku zonke ziphazamiseka. Abantu kungenzeka ukuthi balawula ukunakekela izingane, umsebenzi oweqalile, ukugula emikhayeni yabo, noma ezinye izinselele ezihlobene nobhadane ezenza kube nzima ukuvota umuntu ngosuku oluthile. Ukuvota komlandu kunikeza ukuvumelana okuvumelana nalezi zimo ezihlukahlukene, kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkinga zokuphila azinqandeki ukuba umphakathi uthathe iqhaza.

Ukunciphisa Ukusetshenziswa Kwezimiso Zokuvota Nezisebenzi Ezisebenza Ngempova

Izimiso zokuvota ngeposi zisiza futhi ekuqondiseni ukhetho ngokunciphisa umthwalo ezindaweni zokuvota nasezinhlamvwini. Phakathi nobhadane, izisebenzi zokuvota ziba yinselele kakhulu ngoba izisebenzi zokuvota eziningi ezivamile zigugile futhi ngenxa yalokho zisengozini enkulu yezifo ezithathelwanayo. Inani labantu abasebenza ezindaweni zokuhlola liphakathi kweminyaka engu-61 nengu-70, ezizenza zibe sengozini enkulu phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo zempilo.

Uma abavoti abaningi befaka amavoti ngeposi, izindawo zokuvota zimbalwa ezidinga ukufakwa futhi zisetshenziswe, kuncishiswe inani lezisebenzi zokuvota ezidingekayo nezingozi zempilo ezihambisana nazo. Lokhu kuvumela izikhulu zokhetho ukuba zigxile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izindawo zokuvota ezisele zifakwe kahle, zihlonyiswe ngemishini yokuvikela, futhi zinezisebenzi ezanele ukuze zilondoloze imithetho esemthethweni yokuphepha.

Ukuncishiswa kwezakhiwo zokhetho ngosuku lwezisekelo futhi kusho ukuthi abavoti abakhetha ukuvota ubuso nobuso (ngoba befuna noma bedinga) bangenza kanjalo ngokuphepha kakhulu nangempumelelo. Njengoba bembalwa abantu abagxile ezindaweni zokuhlola, ukuphambuka kwezenhlalo kuba nokwenzeka, imigqa iyashesha, futhi ingozi yokudluliselwa kwezifo iyancipha.

Ukukhuluma Nezindaba Zokulondeka: Izivikelo Zokuthola Iposi

Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezicacile ze-vot trans ngeposi phakathi nobhadane, ukukhathazeka ngokulondeka nobuqotho kuyaqhubeka. Nokho, ukucwaninga okukhulu namashumi eminyaka okuhlangenwe nakho kubonisa ukuthi izimiso zokuvota ezisetshenziswa ngokufanele zihlanganisa izingqimba eziningi zokulondeka okwenza ukukhwabanisa kube yivela kancane kakhulu lapho kugcinwa imfihlo nokunemba kokhetho.

Ukuqinisekiswa Kwezaziso Zesibani Nesiqiniseko

Izimiso zokuvota zisebenzisa izinqubo eziqinile zokuqinisekisa ukuthi zikhona kodwa ziqala ngokuvota. Amavoti agunyaziwe athunyelwa kuphela kubavoti ababhalisiweyo, futhi inqubo yokubhalisa ilapho kuhlolwa, izikhulu zokhetho ziqinisekisa ukuthi ikheli lomuntu lisebusweni bazo, zisebenza njengenyathelo lokuqala eliqinisekisa ukuthembeka kokhetho.

Uma amabhola abuyiselwe, okunye ukuqinisekiswa kwenzeka. Imvilophu engaphandle inemininingwane eqinisekile ehlanganisa inombolo noma ikhodi lebha, isignesha, mhlawumbe negama nekheli, nenombolo elandelanayo ehambisana nenombolo ethunyelwe kulowo mbhali kanye nesignesha ehlolwa ngokumelene neyodwa emfucukweni wokubhalisa. Le nqubo yokuqinisekisa okuningi yenza kube nzima kakhulu kunoma ubani ukuphonsa ibhola lombhalo ngegama lomunye umuntu.

Izinyawo zokulondeka zihlanganisa ukuqinisekiswa nokusayinwa, izikhombi ze-bar ezisezimvilophini zokuvota ezivumela abavoti ukuba bazi ukuthi ibhola labo lomshini lingenisiwe yini, ukulandelela iposi nge-Inkonzo yeposi yase-U.S., kanye nokuhlola iposi lokuhlela, phakathi kwezinye izinyathelo. Lezi zivikelo ezinamende zisebenza ndawonye ukuze zakhe uhlelo olubanzi lwezokuphepha olungase lube namakheli amaningi.

Izimiso zokuhlola nokubona ngale

Izimiso zamavoti ngeposi zanamuhla zihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi bokulandelela izinhlelo ezivumela kokubili abavoti nabavoti ukuba bahlole abavoti kuyo yonke inqubo yokuvota. Izindawo eziningi zivumela abavoti ukuba balandele amaposi abo okuvota ukuze babone ukuthi akwamukelwe nini futhi amukeleke nini, banikeze ukuba cace nokuthula kwengqondo kuyilapho futhi bevumela abavoti ukuba baqaphele futhi baxazulule izinkinga zabo nganoma yiziphi izinkinga.

Ukulandelela ibhola ngokulandelana kusebenzisa kokubili ihhovisi lokhetho neposi leNkonzo yeposi lase-U.S. ukunikeza abavoti ukwaziswa ngokuphathelene nokuthi ihhovisi lokhetho lithumele nini i-posi lokhetho futhi kulindeleke ukuba lifike nini, uma i-bolot yeposi eqediwe itholakele ehhovisi lokhetho, futhi ukuthi i-bolot ihlangabezana yini nezimfuneko zokukhomba. Lokhu kubonakalisa kwangempela esimweni se-balot kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amavota alungiswa kahle futhi abalwe.

Izimiso zokulandelana zifeza imisebenzi ebalulekile yokuphepha. Ezinye izifundazwe zisebenzisa amabhansi okulandela amavota futhi zivimbele ukuvota okuphindwayo, futhi lapho sekwamukelwe, ama-posi-lotte agcinwa endaweni elondekile kuze kube yilapho zibalwa, bese zibuyiselwa ekulondeni indawo ngemva kwalokho. Lolu chungechunge lwezincwadi zokugcinwa kwejele ludala umbhalo ongabukezwa uma kuphakama imibuzo ephathelene nokuphatha ibhola lombhede.

Ukuvimbela Ukusakaza Okukabili Nokushaya Ibhola

Okunye okukhathazayo ngokuvota iposi kunokwenzeka ukuba abantu bavote kaningi noma ukuba amavoti okukhohlisa angeniswe esimisweni. Nokho, izimiso zokukhetha zihlanganisa izivikelo eziningi kulezimo. Umvoti wesifunda wamazwe eVirginia umzila we-coverstor yonke imikhondo yamavoti ephonswe, futhi uma nje ibhola lingeniswe , ngokuthumela iposi noma ngokuvota kwasekuqaleni, kubhalwe encwadini yokuhlola, ivimbela ukuba kubhalwe inani leminye yamavoti ngaphansi kwegama elifanayo lomvoti.

Izikhulu zezokukhetha zithatha izinyathelo ezihlanganisa nokusebenzisa isimiso sokulawula ukhetho ukuze zilandelele wonke amavoti akhishwe futhi zivimbele ukuvota kabili. Lezizimiso zemininingwane zikha amarekhodi angokoqobo akwenza kube sobala ngokushesha uma othile ezama ukuvota kabili, kungaba ngeposi nangomuntu noma ngamavoti amaningi eposi.

Isivikelo ekuthunyelweni kwebhola lombango esiminyaneni esisebenza ngokuphambanisa esimisweni . Inombolo yochungechunge ibaluleke kakhulu. "Ifana nenombolo yomqoka ethunyelwe kulowo voti, yenza kungenzeki ukuba othile anyathelise inqwaba yamabhola angena lutho futhi awathumele ngoba akunampumelelo yokuba izinombolo zohlu olufanayo ebhodini yokukhetha. Le nombolo ehambisana nochungechunge iqinisekisa ukuthi amabhola asemthethweni kuphela akhishwayo ukuba abavoti ababhaliswe ababhaliwe.

Imikhankaso Yangemva Kokhetho Nokuqinisekiswa

I-collet esekelwe ephepheni inikeza inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu: yenza umbhalo ogciniwe ohlala njalo, ongabalwa wenhloso yovoti. Wonke ama-oda eposi amaphepha futhi aphawulwe ngesandla, futhi ngaleyondlela abhekwa njengohlobo lwe-collet ephephe kakhulu, nanoma yiluphi ushintsho ekutheni igcwaliswe kanjani sobala kakhulu ebusweni be-colot. Lombhalo ongokoqobo ungahlolwa futhi ulandiswe uma kuvela imibuzo ngemiphumela yokukhetha.

Ukuhlolwa kokhetho lweposi kuvumela izikhulu zokhetho ukuba zibone ukungalingani noma ukuziphatha okubi ekubaleni amavoti, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa amasu okulinganisela ukuze zibukeze isampula labavoti abakhahliswa okhethweni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amavoti aqoshiwe futhi abhalwe ngokunembile, kanye nezikhokhelo zeposi ezisiza ekuhloleni okuphumelelayo kusukela zisekelwe ephepheni. Lamanani anikeza ulwelwelwe olungaphezulu lweqiniso olusiza ukuqinisekisa imiphumela yokhetho ngokunembile iveza ukhetho lwalabo abavoti.

Inqubo yokuhlola isiza futhi ikwazi ukuveza nokulungisa noma yiziphi izimpikiswano zesimiso ngokulungisa amavota noma ukubala. Imishini yokukhetha yangemva kwe-post ihlanganisa ingqikithi yamavota nenani labavoti, iqinisekisa ukuthi imininingwane yemishini yokuvota ihambisana nemibiko enyathelisiwe, kanye nazo zonke izinombolo ezisemthethweni ezihlanganisiwe kubalo lokugcina nanoma yiziphi izimpikiswano ezibhekiswe phambili. Lenqubo yokubukeza ebanzi iqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwemiphumela yokukhetha kokugcina.

Iqiniso Lokukhwabanisa Ngezindwangu: Ukukhohliswa Okusekelwe Ebufakazini

Naphezu kokukhathalela okuphikelelayo ngokukhwabanisa ngeposi, ukucwaninga okukhulu kubonisa ngokungaguquki ukuthi ukukhwabanisa okunjalo kuyinto engavamile. Ukuhlola okukodwa okwenziwa ngokukhwabanisa abavoti e-U.S. kubonisa ukuthi ukukhwabanisa ngokungekho noma ngokuvota ngeposi kuyanyamalala kancane kakhulu, okuncane kakhulu, kodwa okungahambisani nokunye. Lokhu kutholakele kuye kwalinganiswa phakathi nokuhlolwa okuningi, imingcele, kanye nezikhathi.

Izibonelo eziqondile zibonisa ukuthi ukukhwabanisa ngeposi kuyinto engavamile ngempela. Ukuhlaziywa kwemininingwane yokhetho luka 2016 e-Oregon kwaveza izenzakalo eziyishumi zamavoti akhohlisayo phakathi kwamavoti ayizigidi ezimbili afakwayo. Lokhu kubonisa izinga lokukhohlisa lika-0,0005%._______Ngezinga elivamile alikholeleki futhi lincane kakhulu ukuba lingathinta imiphumela yokhetho.

Ushintsho endleleni amaMelika aye enza ngayo ngaphandle kwezimpawu ezifakazelwe zokukhokha ngokunyuswa kwamavoti, njengoba nje ukuvota ngeposi kuye kwakhula ngokuphawulekayo. Ukhetho lwama-2020, olwabona amazinga okuvota ngeposi, lwaluhlolwa kakhulu futhi luphenywa kaningi. Ukuhlola okuqhubekayo, ukuphenya, nokuhlaziywa kwabadlali kulo lonke uhlelo lwezombangazwe kuye kwasekela ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuvota okungu 2020 njengokwesiphephelo esikhulu kakhulu emlandweni waseMelika.

Icala Lesigebengu Njengabashicileli

Imiphumela enzima engokomthetho yokukhwabanisa ngeposi isebenza njengezindlela ezinamandla zokuvimbela ukuziphatha okubi. Noma ubani owenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lokukhwabanisa esebenzisa iposi lokukhokha izingozi zobugebengu obunzima nezijeziso zombango: iminyaka emihlanu ejele futhi imali engu - R1 000 ngenkokhelo yesenzo ngasinye sokukhwabanisa ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni, ngaphezu kwanoma isiphi isijeziso sikahulumeni. Lezijeziso ezilukhuni zenza ukuba izibalo eziyingozi zokuzama ukukhohlisa zibekele inselele kakhulu.

Inhlanganisela yezingqimba zokulondeka eziningi, amathuba empumelelo aphansi, nemiphumela emibi uma ibanjwa yenza umphumela onamandla. Abadlali be-gationalal baqonda ukuthi ukuzama ukuvota ngeposi cishe ngeke kuphumelele futhi uma kuphumelela, kungabhuntsha kakhulu emiphumeleni yokhetho kuyilapho kubekwa esichengeni sobugebengu obukhulu. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani izindaba ezigciniwe zokukhwabanisa ngeposi ziyivelakancane kakhulu.

Ukugcwalisa Izinselele Nezixazululo Ezingokoqobo

Nakuba izimiso zokuvota ngeposi zinikeza izinzuzo ezinkulu phakathi nobhadane, ukuzisebenzisa kudinga ukuhlelwa nokunakwa okucophelelayo kwezinselele ezingase zivele. Izikhulu zokhetho kumelwe zikhulume ngezindlela zohlelo, ezobuchwepheshe, nezemfundo ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi izimiso zokuvota zisebenza kahle futhi zigcina ukuqiniseka komphakathi.

Ukuhlanganiswa Kwenkonzo Yokuthwala Izingane Neyamaposi

Enye yezinselele ezibaluleke kakhulu ezimisweni zokuvota ngeposi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amavoti athunyelwa kubavoti futhi abuyiselwa emahhovisi okhetho ngendlela efike ngesikhathi. Ku-16% wabavoti abathola ukuvota kunzima, ukuphikisana nokuhoxa noma ukukhipha iposi kwenza ukuvota kube nzima, ngokukhomba okuthi kudideke ngemithetho nezimfuneko ezihlobene neposi futhi abanye basho ukuthi kubambezele ukuthatha noma ukulandelela amaposi abo amavoti ngesikhathi esifanele.

Ukuze kulungiswe lezinselele, izikhulu zokhetho kumelwe zisebenze eduze nezinkonzo zeposi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-posi linesikhundla esifanelekile kanye nokubekwa phambili kweposi lokukhetha. I-United States Postal Inspection Service inhlangano yomthetho kahulumeni eyabelwe ukuvikela iposi, kuhlanganise namavoti athunyelwa emakhaya nakwamanye amazwe, kanye nalemisebenzi ebalulekile yenganyelwa amaposi amaposi akhethwe ngokukhethekile futhi aqeqeshelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho iyagcinwa, ubugebengu buyavinjelwa, futhi i-Evolution Mail yesizwe i-Unice i-neveved i-evevert.

Amakhambi awusizo ahlanganisa amavoloti okuthumela athunyelwe phambili kakhulu kusuku lokhetho, anikeza amakhetho amaningi okubuyisa kuhlanganise nokulahla amabhokisi kanye nokuhambisa, futhi asebenzise izimiso zokulandelela abavoti abaqaphile uma amabhola abo engakatholwa. Lahla amabhokisi ayizindawo ezilondekile lapho abavoti bengafaka khona ngokuphephile iposi eliqediwe, elibekwe endaweni yabaphathi bakahulumeni futhi ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwamahora angama-24 ukuhlola, izikhulu zokhetho kuphela ezikwazi ukufinyelela ibhola lokuvota uma nje lingabekwa ebhokisini lokulahla.

Ukugcinwa koluhlu lokubhalisa ngamavoter

Izinhlu zokuvota ezinembile zibalulekile ukuze izimiso zokuvota zisebenze kahle. Uma ama-collet ethunyelwa emakhelini angakahlali enziwa njalo, angathunyelwa ezindaweni lapho abavoti bengasahlali khona, akha ithuba elingcono lomuntu ongathembekile lokuzama ukunikeza ibhola lomunye, nakuba ukuqinisekiswa kwemininingwane kuklanyelwe ukuvimbela noma yiziphi izinombolo ezifakwa ngokukhohlisa ukuba zingabalwa, futhi ukugcinwa kohlu kuyisilinganiso esibalulekile sokuzivikela.

I-Ectronic Bristation Information Center, esiza amalungu ayo ngokuqhathanisa izinhlelo ezinembile nezingakhokhwa ngokusemthethweni, kanye nezimo ezingu-30 ezihlanganisa amalungu e-ERIC. Lezi zifunda zezindawo ezihlanganisa ulwazi olusemthethweni zisiza ekulondolozeni uhlu olunembile lapho ziqhathanisa ama-message futhi ziwaqaphelise ngemikhondo enganembile nengaphumiyo yokuvota, kanye nezifunda-30 ze-Oric of ERIC ezingamalungu e-ERIC. Lezi zimiso ze-data zesifunda ezisekela i-ecomputer Relic Information zisiza ekulondolozeni uhlu oluqondile kuyilapho zinciphisa ingozi yokususa ngokungafanele i-votav.

Umklamo Webhola Nezinti Zomsila

Amavoti eposi kumelwe aklanyelwe ukunciphisa amaphutha amavoti angaphumela ekunqatshweni kwamavoti noma amavoti angabalwa. Nakuba ukukhwabanisa okuhlobene nokuvota ngeposi kungenamsebenzi, kungenzeka ukuthi amavoti alahlekile akhona abaluleke kakhulu, ngegama elibhekisela kumavoti ahloselwe ukuvota kodwa angabalwanga, kuhlanganise namavoti alahlekile ngenxa yokuthi ibhola lovoti lamukelwa sekwe sekwephuzile noma ngenxa yephutha lomvoti kuhlanganise nabangaphansi kwevoti.

Iziqondiso ezicacile, ukuma kwe-booth collet, kanye nemfundo yomvoti zingawanciphisa kakhulu amaphutha. Izindawo eziningi ziye zasebenzisa imiklamo engcono kakhulu yokwenza imiklamo ekwenza kube lula ngabavoti ukuqeda nokubuyisela amavota abo ngokunembile. Ukunikeza izibonelo zamabhola aqediwe, ukusebenzisa ulimi olucacile emiyalweni, nokuklama izimvilophu ezibonisa ngokucacile ukuthi isayithi kanye nolunye ulwazi oludingekayo kufanele kubekwe kuncishiswe wonke amaphutha abavoti.

Izinhlelo Zokubulala Izinhlamvu

Ngisho noma kuhlelwa kahle amavota neziqondiso ezicacile, abanye abavoti bayokwenza amaphutha angenza amabhola abo ahlukaniswe. Izinqubo zokwelapha iBallot zinikeza abavoti ithuba lokulungisa lezinkinga futhi baqinisekise ukuthi amavoti abo ababaliwe. Izifunda- 34 kanye ne-DC zithembele enqubweni ebizwa ngokuthi i-bollator ephulukisayo ukuze zinikeze abavoti ithuba lokulungisa i-"or "ukugcina" emvilophini yabo yebhola futhi zibalwe, ngezikhulu zokhetho ezixhumana nevoti nge-imeyili, ucingo, noma iposi uma kunesikhala nge-elligbot yeposi yabo.

Izinqubo zokwelapha eziphumelelayo zidinga isikhathi esanele phakathi kokuba amavoloti emukeleke nalapho imiphumela kumelwe igcinwe ngokushesha, icace ukuze kufinyelelwe abavoti, futhi kuthathwe izinqubo ezilula ukuze balungise amaphutha. Lezi zinqubo zibaluleke kakhulu phakathi nokuhlasela lapho abavoti bengase bangajwayelene nezinqubo zokuvota futhi bangenza amaphutha.

Izinqubo Zobuchwepheshe Nokungaguquguquki

Izimiso zovota ngeposi zanamuhla zincike ezisekelweni zobuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi ukuze kubhalwe imikhondo, kusayinwe ukuqinisekiswa, futhi kugcinwe i-vote. Lobu buchwepheshe kumele bulondekile, buthembeke, futhi bufinyeleleke. Izikhulu zezokuvota zihlola imishini ye-expression kanye nezinhlelo zobukhomba-mfashini ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inqubo esebenzayo nesobukhompuyuthe iyasebenza kahle ivinjelwe ukufinyelela ngaphandle kogunyaziwe, abameleli bezinhlangano zezombangazwe abamenywa ukubheka lokhu kuhlola ukubonakala obala.

Izindaba ezikhathazayo zidinga ukunakwa njalo nokutshalwa kwemali. Nakuba ama-bollat eposi ngokwawo esekelwe ephepheni futhi engachayeke ekusebenziseni imishini, izinhlelo ezisetshenziselwa ukuthungatha ama-collet, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ama-collet, nokuhlola imiphumela kumelwe zivikelwe ezisongweni ze-website. Ukuhlola imishini yokulondeka yasikhathi sonke, izimiso ezibekwe emoyeni lapho kufanele khona, futhi izinqubo zokusekela eziqinile zisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuqina kwezimiso zobuchwepheshe bokhetho.

Imfundo Nemfundo Ephoqelelayo

Impumelelo yezimiso zokuvota ngeposi phakathi nobhadane ixhomeke kakhulu emfundweni ephumelelayo yabavoti. Abavoti abaningi bangase bangajwayelene nezinqubo zokuvota ngeposi, ikakhulukazi uma bevota ngokoqobo. Ulwazi olucacile, olufinyelelweyo lwendlela yokucela, ukuqeda, nokubuyisela amavoti eposi lubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni amazinga aphezulu okuhlanganyela nokunciphisa amaphutha.

Imishini Eshintshayo Ngezinqubo Nezinsalela

Izincwadi zidinga ukwaziswa okucacile ngezici eziningana eziyisihluthulelo zokuvota: ukuthi ungacela kanjani i-cobvot (ngokwesho ukuthi ayiyithumeli ngokuzenzekelayo), uma amabhola athunyelwe, ukuthi angaqedela kanjani ngokufanelekile i-collet, ukuthi iziphi izinketho ezikhona, nokuthi yiziphi izinsuku ezimisiwe ezisebenzayo. Lokhu kwaziswa kumelwe kudluliswe ngezindlela eziningi ukuze kufinyelelwe kubantu abahlukahlukene.

Izikhulu zezokukhetha kufanele zisebenzise amawebhusayithi, imithombo yezokuxhumana, imithombo yezindaba engokwesiko, iposi eliqondisiwe, kanye nomphakathi ukuze zisakaze ukwaziswa mayelana nokuvota ngeposi. Izincwadi kufanele zitholakale ngezilimi eziningi namafomethi afinyelelekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi bonke abavoti bangayiqonda le nqubo. Ukunaka okukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe ekufinyeleleni abantu abangase babhekane nemigoqo eyengeziwe, kuhlanganise nabavoti asebekhulile, abantu abakhubazekile, kanye nemiphakathi engakwazi ukungena kuyi-intanethi.

Ukwaziswa okufile kubaluleke kakhulu. Amavoter adinga ukwazi ukuthi usuku lokhetho lunini kuphela, kodwa lapho kumelwe acele amavoloti, lapho amabhola okuvota kumelwe athunyelwe, nalapho ama-collet kumelwe amukelwe emahhovisi okhetho. Ukuxhumana okucacile ngalezi zikhathi ezimisiweyo kuyasiza ekuvimbeleni izimo lapho amavota abavoti afika sekwephuzile ukuba babalwe.

Ukunikeza Isiqondiso Ngokugcina Ibhola Ngokufanele

Amaphutha avamile ahlanganisa ukukhohlwa ukusayina imvilophu yebhola, ukusebenzisa isignesha engafanele, ukuhluleka ukuhlanganisa izignesha zobufakazi ezidingekayo (ngokwezisho ezizidingayo), noma ukungasibeki kahle isikhwama sebhola emvilophini efanele.

Izincwadi zemfundo kufanele zihlanganise iziyalezo ezinyathelwe phambili kanye kanye nezinsiza-kubona ezibonisa ukuthi ungaliqeda kanjani futhi ulibuyisele kanjani i-collet. Ama-vidiyo angaphumelela kakhulu ekuboniseni inqubo. Ukunikeza izibonelo zamaphutha avamile nendlela yokuwagwema kusiza abavoti ukuba baqonde ukuthi yini edinga ukuyenza ngokufanele.

Ulwazi oluphathelene nezimiso zokulandelela amavota kufanele luqokonyiswe kakhulu ezintweni zokufundisa zabavoti. Uma abavoti bazi ukuthi bangabhala amavoti abo futhi bathole izaziso nganoma iziphi izinkinga, bathambekele kakhulu ekuhloleni isimo sabo sokuvota futhi baphendule ngokushesha uma kuphakama izimpikiswano.

Ukubuya Kwalo Okukhuthazayo

Enye yezigijimi ezibaluleke kakhulu emikhankasweni yemfundo ukubaluleka kokubuyisela amavota ngokushesha. Abavoli abalinda kuze kube umzuzu wokugcina bafike sekwephuze kakhulu ukubala amavoloti abo, ikakhulukazi uma kuvela ukulibala kweposi. Abavoti abakhuthazayo ukuba babuyise amavota ngokushesha nje lapho bewathola banikeza isikhawu esimelene nezinkinga ezingalindelekile.

Imikhankaso yemfundo kufanele igcizelele ama-rever ahlukahlukene akhona, kuhlanganise namavoloti okuposa ngaphambi kosuku lokhetho, ukusebenzisa amabhokisi angokomthetho okubeka amabhokisi, noma ukuhambisa amavoloti phambi kwabantu emahhovisi okhetho. Ukunikeza ukwaziswa mayelana nezindawo namahora okulahla amabhokisi eposi okuhambisa iposi kunikeza abavoti ezinye izindlela uma bekhathazekile ngezikhathi zokuthutha.

Phakathi nezibhakela, imfundo yamavoti kumelwe ihloselwe futhi ukucatshangelwa kwempilo nokuphepha. Ulwazi oluphathelene nendlela ukuvota ngeposi okuvikela ngayo impilo yabavoti, ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo zokuphepha ezibekwe abavoti abahlwiwe, nendlela izisebenzi zokuvota ezivikelwa ngayo, kuyasiza ekuqiniseni ukuvota.

Ukulwa Nokwaziswa Okunganembile

Imizamo yemfundo kumelwe futhi ikhulume ngamanga ngokukhwabanisa iposi. Ukumangalelwa okungamanga ngokukhwabanisa, ukuvota ngezimali, nokuvota ngeposi kungaqeda ukuqiniseka komphakathi futhi kudinge ukuhlanganyela.

Ukubambisana nezinhlangano zomphakathi ezithenjwayo, amaqembu omphakathi, kanye nezindawo zokusakaza zingasiza ekukhuliseni ukwaziswa okunembile kanye nokunganembile okungalandeli. Uma abavoti bezwa imiyalezo engaguquguquki emayelana nokulondeka kokuvota emithonjeni eminingi ethenjwayo, bangaba nesibindi sokuqiniseka ngale nqubo.

Umbono Womphakathi Nokucabangela Kwezombangazwe

Ukwanda kwamavoti ngeposi phakathi nobhadane kwenzeka esizinzisweni sombono womphakathi oguqulayo nenkulumo-mpikiswano yezombangazwe. Ukuqonda lezi misebenzi ezibalulekile kubaphathi bokhetho nabenzi bezimiso abasebenzela ukusebenzisa noma ukwandisa izimiso zokuvota.

Ukushintsha Ukusekela Komphakathi

NgoApril 2020, phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala zobhadane lwe-COVOID-19, amaphesenti angu-70 abantu baseMelika akhetha ukuvumela noma imuphi umvoti ofuna ukuvota ngeposi ukuba enze kanjalo, kuhlanganise cishe nengxenye yamaRepublicans (49%) kanye namaDemocrats acishe abe yishumi nanhlanu (87%). Lokhu kusekela okukhulu kwabonisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sokukhetha ngokuphepha phakathi nenhlandla yalesi sifo esiwumqedazwelo.

Nokho, ukusekela kuye kwaqala njengoba usongo olusheshayo luye lwancipha. Manje, amaphesenti angu- 58 amaMelika asekela ukuba abavoti bafake amavoti ngeposi, kuhlanganise no-32% kaRepublicans kanye no-8% wamaDemocrat. Nakuba ukusekela okuvamile kusalokhu kuqinile, igebe elikhudlwana liye lakhula, liveza izimpikiswano ezinkulu zezombangazwe mayelana nezindlela zokuvota nobuqotho bokhetho.

Naphezu kwalokhu kuhlukana kwezombangazwe, ukuziphatha kokuvota okungokoqobo kubonisa ukuthi amaMelika kulo lonke utaladi lwezombangazwe asebenzisa ukuvota ngeposi. Abavoli kukhetho lukamongameli lwango - 2024 cishe babecishe ngokufanayo ukuba nabothe umuntu ngethuna ngoSuku Lokhetho (34%), umuntu wakuqala (32%) noma ngeposi (34%), bebonisa ukuthi ukuvota iposi sekuyisinqumo esingcono kunokuba kube yintando yomphakathi.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwemiyalezo Ehlukile

Nakuba abavoti bazo zonke izizinda zezombangazwe besebenzisa ukuvota iposi, izindlela zokusebenzisa zibonisa umehluko othile ohlukanisayo. Ngo-2020, 60% yamaDemocrates ovotelwa ngeposi; ngo-2024, lelonani lehla laba ngu-37%, kuyilapho amaRepublican aqhubeka engakushisekeli ukuvota ngeposi, kanti u 24% usebenzisa indlela ngo-2024, phansi kusukela ku-32% ngo-2020. Lokhu kuphikisana kubonisa kokubili ukushintsha komongongothi kanye nokubhalwa kwezombangazwe ngezindlela zokuvota.

Ukucwaninga kuye kwathola ukuthi lokhu kungafani kwendlela yokuvota akuguquleli ezinzuzoni ezihlukanisayo kukhetho. Universal Vote-by-Mail Has Impact on Partisan Turnout noma Vote Hate Hate Hate, ngokokucwaninga okwakhishwa kuyi Processings of the National Academy of Sciences. Lokhu kuthola ukuthi kubalulekile ukusingatha ukukhathazeka kokuthi ukuvota iposi kwanda kuvumela iqembu elilodwa ngaphezu kwelinye.

Ukushintsha kwenqubo yesilinganiso sikahulumeni

Uma kuqhathaniswa nezifundazwe zeDemocrat ne-Swing, amaRepublican (ikakhulukazi eNingizimu) acishe anciphise ukuvota iposi. Lokhu kungafani kwezimiso kubonisa izinto eziza kuqala ngokuhlukahluka mayelana nokuphepha kokhetho, ukuvota, nokukhetha kokuphatha. Ezinye izizwe ziye zamukela ukuvota iposi yonke indawo, kuyilapho ezinye zilondoloza izimiso zokuvota ezivimbela kakhulu ezidinga ukuvota okungagunyazwa ukuze zinikeze izaba zokuvota ngeposi.

Izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusebenza emazweni ahlukahlukene zinikeza amathuba awusizo okucwaninga nokufunda.Izwe elinokuhlangenwe nakho okukhulu kokuvota lingaba izibonelo kwabanye abacabangela ukwanda, kuyilapho amazwe anezimiso ezihlukahlukene engahlola ukuthi izinguquko zingazuzisa yini abavoti bawo nokhetho lwabo.

Izindlela Ezingcono Zokusebenzisa Izincwadi Ngeposi Phakathi Nezinqubo Zokuhlinza

Ngokusekelwe ekucwaningeni nasekwenzeni okuhlangenwe nakho okuwusizo kokhetho lwamuva, kuye kwavela izindlela eziningana ezingcono kakhulu zokusebenzisa izimiso zokuvota eziphumelelayo ngeposi phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo zempilo yomphakathi.

Ukuhlela Nokulungiselela Kusebuntwaneni

Ukusetshenziswa kwevoti ngeposi okuphumelelayo kudinga ukuhlelwa kakhulu kusengaphambili. Izikhulu zokhetho zidinga isikhathi esanele sokuthola izinto ezidingekayo, izisebenzi zesitimela, izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe ezivuselelayo, nokuvota. Ukulinda kuze kube umqedazwe ozosebenzisa ukuvota iposi kungaholela ezinhlotsheni zezinkinga ezikhona ekuqaleni kwe-2020Primes.

Izwe kufanele lisungule amasu avumelanayo okwandisa ukuvota iposi lapho kunezimo eziphuthumayo ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke izinhlekelele. Ukuba nemithetho engokomthetho, izivumelwano, nezinqubo zokusebenza kuvumela ukuba kube nokwenyuka okusheshayo lapho kudingeka. Ukuhlola njalo nokuvivinya umzimba kungasiza ekutholeni izinkinga ezingase zithinte okhethweni abangokoqobo.

Izimali Nemithombo Enele

Ukwandisa ukuvota iposi kudinga ukutshala imali ephawulekayo ekunyatheliseni nasekuthumeleni amavota, imishini yokulungisa, izimiso zokuthumela imishini, kanye nezisebenzi ezengeziwe. Ukuncoma lemizamo kungaholela ekubambezeleni, emaphutha, nasekunciphiseni ukuthemba komphakathi. Abaphathi-mahhovisi okhetho kumelwe baqinisekise ukuthi amahhovisi okhetho anemithombo edingekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe iposi ngokuphumelelayo.

Ohulumeni abaphethe isifundazwe, isifundazwe, kanye nezindawo kufanele bahlangane ukuze banikeze izimali ezanele zokuqondisa okhetho phakathi nobhadane. Izindleko zokuvikela idemokrasi phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo zempilo zilula uma ziqhathaniswa nokubaluleka kokulondoloza izinqubo zentando yeningi nempilo yomphakathi.

Izindlela Ezivumelanayo Nezikhathi Eziningi

Ukuze kuvumelane nokubambezeleka kweposi futhi kunikeze abavoti isikhathi esanele sokwamukela, ukuqeda, nokubuyisela amavoti, izifunda kufanele zicabangele ukunwetshwa kwezinsuku ezimisiwe phakathi nobhadane. Ukuvumela iziphawuli zangemva kokhetho zibalwe uma zimukelwa phakathi nenkathi ebanzi kamuva kuqinisekisa ukuthi abavoti abaphunyuki ngokungalawuleki kweposi.

Izikhathi zokulungisa ezibanzi zinikeza izikhulu zokhetho isikhathi esengeziwe sokuqinisekisa izigqhibo, amavoloti ngamaphutha, nokwenza amaphutha. Nakuba lokhu kungase kwephuze imiphumela yokugcina, ukudayiswa kokunemba okukhulu nokuphelela kufanelekile, ikakhulukazi lapho isimo esiphuthumayo sibhekene nezinselele ezingavamile.

Ukugcina umshini wokukhipha izinketho

Ngisho nangezimiso eziqinile zokuvota, ukugcina ezinye zikhona ezikhethelwe ukuvota kubalulekile. Abanye abavoti bakhetha ukuvota bebodwa, abanye bangase bangawamukeli amavoti abo eposi ngesikhathi, futhi abanye bangase badinge usizo olulula ukunikeza ngasese. Ukunikela kokubili iposi kanye nokukhetha okusemthethweni kwenza ukuba abavoti bavumelane nezimo futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi wonke umuntu angahlanganyela.

Phakathi nezibhakela, izindawo zokuvota ezivota kufanele zisebenzise izinyathelo ezifanele zempilo nokulondeka kuhlanganise nokuxega kwezenhlalo, imishini yokuvikela izisebenzi zokuvota, i-protocol yokuhlambulula, kanye nokungenisa umoya ofanele. Umgomo ukuvota ngokuphepha ngangokunokwenzeka ngalabo abakhetha noma abadinga ukuyisebenzisa.

Ukukhulumisana Okubonisayo Nesivumelwano Somphakathi

Kuyo yonke inqubo yokusebenzisa noma ukwandisa ukuvota iposi, izikhulu zokhetho kufanele zilondoloze ukuxhumana okusobala nabantu abaphethe umphakathi, abezindaba, nababephethe izombangazwe.

Ukuvumela izingqapheli ezivela emabuthweni ezombangazwe nasezinhlanganoni ezingaphathi-mgaqo ukuba ziqaphele ukuhlelwa kwenani lokuvota, ukubala, nokuhlola kunikeza ukubonakala okwengeziwe nokulandisa. Uma abantu bebona indlela isimiso esisebenza ngayo futhi beqinisekisa ukuthi zikhona, basengozini kakhulu yokuthemba imiphumela.

Bheka phambili: Ikusasa Lomsindo Ngeposi Ngaphandle Kwezimpahla

Nakuba umfutho osheshayo wokwandisa amavoti kwakuyisifo se-COVID-19, izinzuzo zokuvota ngeposi zidlulela ngalé kwezimo eziphuthumayo zempilo yomphakathi. Okuhlangenwe nakho kweminyaka yamuva kuye kwabonisa ukuthi ukuvota ngeposi kungandisa ukutholakala, kuthuthukise ukuhleleka, futhi kulondoloze ukulondeka kuyilapho kunciphisa amandla okhetho.

Isabelo sokuvota iposi siseyi "akhulu kakhulu kunamaphesenti okhetho oluvotelwa ngeposi ngokhetho lwangaphambi kwe-pandemic", sisikisela ukuthi abavoti abaningi baye bayisebenzisa unomphela lendlela. Lokhu kusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo kubonisa ukuthi izidingo zokuvota zeposi kanye nokukhetha okukhona kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo zinjani.

Njengoba izifundazwe zicabangela ukuthi ukuvota ngeposi noma ukukuhlela noma ukukwandisa okungaqashelwa phakathi nobhadane, kufanele zihlole izinzuzo nezinselele ezigcwele. Ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi izimiso zokuvota ezisetshenziswa kahle zingathuthukisa ukungenela kwe-democracy kuyilapho zilondoloza ukuthembeka kokhetho. Izinyathelo zokuphepha, izakhiwo zezobuchwepheshe, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuphatha obusungulwe phakathi nobhadane kunikeza isisekelo sokuqhubeka nokuvota njengendlela ejwayelekile yokuvota.

Izifo zesikhathi esizayo noma ezinye eziphuthumayo zingadinga futhi ukwanda kokuvota iposi. Izifundo ezifundwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwamuva ($_ngemisebenzi, iziphi izinselele eziphakamayo, futhi kanjani ukusingatha zona) ziyoba usizo ekuphenduleni ezinkingeni zesikhathi esizayo. Amazwe alondoloza izakhiwo eziqinile zokuvota iposi ayoba nezindawo ezingcono zokuvikela kokubili ukuthatha isinyathelo sempilo yomphakathi nesentando yeningi lapho kwenzeka izimo eziphuthumayo.

Isiphetho: Ukuvikela Intando Yeningi Nempilo Yomphakathi

Ubhadane lwe-COVOVID-19 lwaveza izinselele ezingakaze zibonwe ezinqubweni zentando yeningi, luphoqelela izikhulu zokhetho, abakhi bezimiso, nabavoti ukuba bazivumelanise ngokushesha ukuze bavikele kokubili impilo yomphakathi nelungelo lokuvota. Izimiso zomphakathi ngeposi zavela njengekhambi elibucayi elavumela ukuba okhetho baqhubeke ngokuphephile nangenqindiswa phakathi nezigaba eziyingozi kakhulu zalolu bhadane.

Ubufakazi okhethweni lwamuva nje bubonisa ukuthi ukuvota iposi kungasetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo, ngezindlela eziqinile zokuphepha ezivimbela ukukhwabanisa kuyilapho kugcinwa imfihlo nokunemba kokhetho. Izinzuzo zidlulela ngalé kwezimo eziwumqedazwe ukuze zihlanganise ukutholakala okuthuthukisiwe kwabavoti abakhubazekile, ukuvuselelwa okukhulu kwabo bonke abavoti, nokuqina kwezimiso zokukhetha.

Kusenezinselele ekusebenziseni izimiso zokuvota, kuhlanganise nokuqinisekisa ukuthunyelwa kwezincwadi ngesikhathi esifanele, ukulondoloza uhlu oluqondile lomvoti, ukuvimbela amaphutha, nokufundisa umphakathi ngezinqubo nangezikhathi ezimisiwe. Nokho, lezi zinselele ziphumelela ngokuhlela okwanele, imithombo yemali, nokuzimisela imikhuba emihle.

Njengoba siqhubekela phambili, umbuzo awukhona ukuthi izimiso zokuvota ngeposi ziyadingeka yini phakathi nobhadane, kodwa ubufakazi bubonisa ngokucacile ukuthi zisebenza kanjani ngokuphumelelayo futhi ukuthi zingagcinwa kanjani izindlela zokuvota ezikhuliswe kakhulu ngaphandle kwezimo eziphuthumayo. Okuhlangenwe nakho kweminyaka yamuva kunikeza izifundo ezibalulekile ezingazisa lezi zinqumo futhi zisize ukuqinisekisa ukuthi okhetho lwesikhathi esizayo luvikela kokubili ukuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi nempilo yomphakathi.

Idemokrasi ayinakuhlehliswa, ngisho naphakathi kwezimo eziyinselele kakhulu. Izimiso zophawu-mathumbu zinikeza indlela eqinisekisiwe yokulondoloza izinqubo zentando yeningi kuyilapho zivikela impilo nokulondeka kwezakhamuzi. Ngokuqhubeka sicwenga futhi sithuthukisa lezi zimiso ezisekelwe ebufakazini nasekwazini okuhlangenwe nakho, singaqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abavoti abafanelekayo bangahlanganyela kukhetho kungakhathaliseki izimo zempilo yomphakathi noma ezinye izinselele abangase babhekane nazo.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngezinketho zokuvota kanye nokuphepha kokhetho, vakashela i-U.Euption Consolation Commission noma uNgqungquthela yesizwe ye-State Legislatures[. Ukufunda ngezinqubo zokuvota esifundazweni sakho, thinta ihhovisi lakho lokukhetha noma vakashela [[FLT:]] Vate.org lolwazi lwezwe.]