Isimiso Sentsha Sesizwe Sokugada: Indlela Ewubufakazi Yobusha Obune - Risk

Kusukela ngo-1993, i-National Guard’s Youth Chalp Program (YCP) iye yanikeza intsha eMelika eshiye isikole noma ephethe ngokudilika. Iklanyelwe intsha eneminyaka engu 16 kuya kwengu-18, uhlelo luhlanganisa indawo ehleliwe, ephezulu yempi nemfundo yemfundo yemfundo, ukuqeqeshwa kwamakhono, ukuqina komzimba, nenkonzo yomphakathi. Okuhlukanisa i-YCP kuyindlela yayo yokuhlala: indawo yokuhlala engamashumi amabili namashumi amabili nanhlanu ilandelwa yizinyanga ezingu-12 zobufundisi. Lesi sihloko sinikeza umbono onegunya ngomlando wesimiso, umklamo, imiphumela, nomphumela obanzi kubantu ngabanye, emiphakathini, nakwesizwe.

Umsuka Nokuziphendukela Kwemvelo Kwesimiso Sentsha Esiyinselele

I-YCP yamiswa ngaphansi komthetho we-National Defense Ivolution Act ka-1993, ishukunyiswa ukuqashelwa okwandayo kokuthi amaMelika amaningi asemasha ayekhululiwe esikoleni futhi esengozini enkulu yobumpofu besikhathi eside, ukungasebenzi, nokuboshwa. I-National Guard yayibhekwa njengenhlangano elungile ukuba ihole ngenxa yokuhlangana kwemithetho yayo yezempi, izimpande zomphakathi, kanye nenhlangano yesifunda sezwe. Uhlelo lwaqala njengomshayeli wendiza emazweni ambalwa futhi lwanwetshwa ngokushesha ngesisekelo se-bipartisan con conmentonalation nezimali zezwe. Namuhla, i-YCP isebenza ezifundazweni ezingaphezu kwezingu-30, iPuerto Rico, ne-Frigiontric of Columbia, nabathweswe iziqule ezingaphezu kwe 175 000.

Uhlelo luye lwashintsha ngokuphawulekayo kusukela ekuqaleni kwalo. Inqubo yaqala ukugcizelela kakhulu ukuqondisa kwendlela yezempi, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi yagxila kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni ukulungiselela okuqinile kwezemfundo, ukusekela impilo, kanye nokunikeza usizo oluqhubekayo. Okubalulekile kwakuwukuhlanganisa isigaba esingu-12 senyanga ngemva kokuya ekhonda, esaguqula uhlelo lwezinqubo zenkathi emfushane ukungenela kwezempi kube isimiso sokusekela okubanzi. Lesi sakhiwo esineziphethu siqinisekisa ukuba abahlanganyeli bazuze amakhono phakathi nesikhathi esinzima sokuhlala kuyilapho bethola isiqondiso esiqhubekayo lapho bebuyela emuva emiphakathini yabo ukuze baphishekele isikole esiphakeme, ikholiji, ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi, noma umsebenzi.

Ukuhlola kwangaphandle kuye kwaqinisekisa ukuphumelela kohlelo. 2018 RAND Nhlangano yathola ukuthi abathathi-nxaxheba be-YCP babesengozini kakhulu yokuthola i-project, ukuthola umsebenzi, futhi bagweme ukuboshwa uma kuqhathaniswa nentsha efanayo engahlanganyeli. Lokhu kuveze ukulondeka okuqhubekayo kwezimali zikahulumeni kanye nezinto ezintsha ezigqugquzelwe njengokunakekelwa kwezenhlekelele nokuhlanganiswa kwemfundo yezibalo.

Ukwakhiwa Kohlelo: Indlela I - YCP Esebenza Ngayo

I-YCP yakhiwe izungezwe umklamo ohlelwe kahle oveza ithonya ngezigaba ezimbili ezihlukene kodwa ezihlangene. Isigaba sokuhlala sinikeza indawo ezungezile eqinile, ehlelekile esusa abahlanganyela emathonyeni amabi futhi ibenza babe nesisekelo esiqinile sokukhula komuntu siqu. Isigaba sangemva kobuntwana sinikeza ukusekela okuqhubekayo okudingekayo ukuze kuqiniseke lezo mpumelelo nohambo lwezwe lwangempela.

IPhasika Eliyinqaba: 22 Amasonto Entuthuko Engathandeki

Phakathi nenkathi yokuhlala, abahlanganyela bahlala ezindaweni zezindlu zezindlu zesiteshi esisesiteji se-National Guard, ngokuvamile ababeyisikhungo sezempi noma sokuqeqeshwa. Balandela isimiso esiqinile sansuku zonke esihlanganisa amakilasi emfundo, ukuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba, inkonzo yomphakathi, nokuthuthukisa umphakathi. Indawo ezungezile ihlelwe kahle kakhulu kodwa iklanyelwe ukuba isekele kunesijeziso. Othisha abagunyaziwe banikeza iziyalezo zeqembu elincane, futhi abahlanganyelayo basebenzela ukuthola iscrediament ephezulu (ING noma i-HiSEA) noma ukuboleka i-diploma nge-octives.

  • Imfundo e-Academic: amakilasi ahlelwa ngokwawo ukusingatha izikhala zekhono ngalinye lombambi qhaza. Izingosi eziningi manje zinikeza ukufunda ukufunda ngekhomphyutha, izifundo ze-STEM, nokukhetha kokuthenga ngesikweletu okuvumela abahlanganyeli ukuba baphinde bafunde izikole eziphezulu zakudala uma kufanele.
  • Ukuqeqeshelwa kokuphila: nsuku zonke kuhlanganisa ukufunda nokubhala, ukukhulumisana, ukuxazululwa kwengxabano, ukuphathwa kwesikhathi, nokuhlelwa kwemigomo. Ababambi-nxaxheba bafunda amakhono asebenzayo anjengokuthi bangaxoxa kanjani ngemisebenzi, basebenzise uhlelo lokusebenzisa imali, futhi balondoloze ubuhlobo obuhle.
  • [[NTL:0] Ukuzivivinya okungokomzimba okungaguquguquki kanye ne Wellness: njalo ukuqeqesha umzimba — kuhlanganise nokugijima, ukuqasha, imidlalo yeqembu, nemfundo yezempilo — kwakha impilo engokomzimba, ukuqina kwengqondo, nokubambisana. Abaningi abahlanganyela babonisa intuthuko engcono ezingeni lokuzivivinya ngokuqeda kohlelo.
  • Inkonzo ye-community: Umthathi ngxenye ngayinye iqeda inani elincane lamahora enkonzo ngemisebenzi enjengendawo yokuhlala ehlanzekile epaki, usizo lokudla ebhange, noma ukusekela kochwepheshe. Lokhu kugxilisa umuzwa womthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi futhi kusiza abahlanganyela ukuba baqaphele ukubaluleka kwawo emphakathini.
  • Intuthuko: Ngesimo sezempi, amalungu afunda isiyalo, inhlonipho, ukulandisa, nokuphikelela. Bathatha izindima ezinjengomholi weqembu noma umlawuli wesigaba, ukwakha ukuqiniseka nomholi oguqulela ezimisweni zesikole nasemsebenzini.

IPhasika Langemva Kwempi: Izinyanga Ezingu - 12 Zokusekela KweMentoling

Isigaba sothisha yiso esihlukanisa i-YCP kwezinye izinhlelo zokungenela kwentsha. Isigaba somkhakha ngamunye uhambisana nomeluleki oqeqeshiwe — ngokuvamile oyilungu lesizwe lagada, uthisha, noma umphakathi wokuzithandela — onikeza isiqondiso, isikhuthazo, nokulandisa unyaka wonke. Izikhulu zihlangana nabahlanganyela masonto onke, kungaba umuntu ngamunye noma cishe, ukuze zibasize bazibekele imigomo, basebenzise izikole noma basebenzise umsebenzi, baxazulule izinselele zabo siqu, futhi bahlale behamba. Isikhulu sezezethutho sithinta intuthuko futhi sixhumane nabahlanganyela ezinkonzweni zomphakathi njengosizo lwezindlu, izinto zokuhamba, noma ukunakekelwa kwempilo.

Lokhu kunakekela kwangemva kwesikole kuyisici esibucayi. Ngaphandle kwakho, abaningi abahlanganyelayo bangashikashikana nokubuyela emuva emiphakathini yabo, lapho ukucindezela kontanga kwakudala nezinselele zendawo ezungezile kuphinde kuvele khona ngokushesha. Isigaba sothisha sinciphisa ingozi yokubuyela emuva futhi sisize abahlanganyelayo ukuba bakhe umfutho wokuzimela okuhlala njalo.

Imiphumela Elinganiswayo Nemiphumela Eboniswayo

I-YCP iqongelele ubufakazi obuningi be-quantitive bobungamandla ayo. Ngokokwaziswa okuvela eNational Guauter Bureau, loluhlelo lufeza izinga lokuthweswa iziqu cishe ngamaphesenti angu-85 kuya ku-90 kusukela engxenyeni yokuhlala. Phakathi kwabathweswa iziqu abangena engxenyeni yangemva kwe-indectial, amaphesenti angaba ngu-80 athola umsebenzi wesikole esiphakeme, athola umsebenzi, angenele kwezempi, noma aphishekele imfundo ephakeme kakhulu ngonyaka owodwa. Lemiphumela inikezwa ngokukhethekile ukuthi abahlanganyeli abaningi bangene kuloluhlelo ngezinkinga zemfundo, ukuqashwa kwezemfundo, futhi ngokuvamile bangena ezingenisweni zobulungisa zentsha.

Ukufinyelela Ezemfundo

Umgomo oyinhloko we-YCP uwukwandisa amazinga okuqeda isikole esiphakeme phakathi kobusha. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi abathatha inxaxheba basengozini ephindwe kathathu [ yokuthola isikole esiphakeme uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elilawulayo. Abaningi abaphothule esikoleni baqhubekela ekholijini lomphakathi noma ezikoleni zemisebenzi, bathola izitifiketi emasimini njengalapho besiza, noma besiza obuchwepheshe bokwaziswa. Uhlelo lusiza futhi abafunda nabo ezikoleni zendawo ukuba baphinde basize abathatha izikole zemfundo yemfundo ephakeme uma kufanele.

Ukuziphilisa Nokwaneliseka Kwezomnotho

Imfundo ephambili ye YCP enikezwayo ekuphileni kanye nezindawo zomsebenzi ilungiselela abasebenzi abathatha inxaxheba. Ukuhlolwa kuka-2022 kuyi- Journal of Youth Development kwathola ukuthi i-YCP ethweswe iziqu yayinemisebenzi ephezulu neholo eliphezulu [[ kunoma iziphi iziphiwo zomsebenzi] kunontanga yabo abangazange bahlanganyele. Lo hlelo lugcizelela ukugcinwa kwesikhathi, izimiso zomsebenzi, namakhono okuxhumana, aguqulela ngokuqondile emsebenzini ukuze uphumelele. Izisebenzi eziningi ezithatha izithuba zokusebenza, ukungenisa iziqu, ukwakha, noma ukwenza iholo phakathi nezinyanga zokuphothula iziqu. Uhlelo lunikeza futhi umsebenzi wokufaka isithunzi, imikhumbi, nokusiza ngokubhala nokulungisa.

Ukunciphisa Ubulungisa Besigebengu

Mhlawumbe inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu ye-YCP yimiphumela yayo ekunciphiseni ubugebengu nokuboshwa. Ukuhlola okude okwenziwa yi-National Guaudio Bureau kwathola ukuthi abathweswe iziqu ze-YCP] abangaphansi kwamaphesenti ayishumi baboshwa [[ phakathi neminyaka emibili yokuqedwa kwesimiso, uma kuqhathaniswa cishe namaphesenti angu-30 eqembu eliqhathaniswayo. Indawo ezungezile ehleliwe, ihlangene nosizo nokwakhiwa kwekhono, ixosha abahlanganyeli ekuziphatheni okungenamthetho. Lokhu kuncipha kokuhileleka kobulungisa komtela intela intela — unyaka owodwa wokukhokha izindleko zesimiso ezingaphezulu kakhulu kwezindleko ezihambayo zonke ezihambisana nezindawo zohlelo — nokuqinisa ukuphepha komphakathi.

Ukuziguqula Kwakho Nezinzuzo Zomuntu Siqu

Ngaphandle kwezibalo, i-YCP iveza ushintsho olunzulu oluyi-qualitive kwabathatha inxaxheba. Babika njalo ukuthi [[FLT: 0] bayazithemba, bayala, bathuthukisa, ubuhlobo obungcono nomkhaya nontanga, kanye nomuzwa wenjongo [. Abaningi bachaza lolu hlelo ngokuthi “ithuba lesibili” elabanika ithemba nesiqondiso. Isimo sezempi sinikeza uhlelo olucacile lwempumelelo abahlanganyela abaningi abangazange baluthole, ukunikeza isimo kanye namathemba abawasiza ukuba bathuthukise ukuzibeka nokulandisa.

Ithonya Elibanzi Emiphakathini Nasezweni

Izinzuzo ze-Youth Chal Program zidlulela ngalé kwalabo abathatha ingxenye. I-YCP ngayinye isebenza njengempahla yomphakathi, iveza izinkulungwane zamahora enkonzo yokuzithandela unyaka ngamunye. Abathathi-mkhakha bahlanganyela emisebenzini ethuthukisa amapaki endawo, izikole, izindawo zokuhlala ezingenamakhaya, nezikhungo ezikhulela phambili. Lemisebenzi ayizuzisi imiphakathi kuphela kodwa futhi isiza abahlanganyela ukuba bathuthukise umthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi nokuzidla.

Ukuqinisa Izibopho Zomphakathi

Imisebenzi yenkonzo ihlanganisa i-YCP ehlanganyela emabhizinisini endawo, izinhlangano ezingazuzi nzuzo, kanye nezinhlangano zikahulumeni. Izindawo eziningi ezisebenza neminyango yamaphoyisa, amasonto, nezikhungo zentsha ukuze zinikeze amathuba obuchwepheshe nokunikezwa imisebenzi. Lokhu kubambisana kwakha ukwethembana nenhloko - dolobha yezenhlalo emiphakathini engase ibe nobumpofu obukhulu noma inciphe. Izikhundla zesakhiwo sikahulumeni zisesilinganisweni esihle kakhulu ukuze zikwazi ukuzuza le misebenzi ngokuphumelelayo.

Izindleko Zokukhokha Intela

Nakuba i-YCP idinga ukutshala imali elinganiselwa ku-R1 000 kuya ku-R2 000 kunoma yi-R2 000 kuxhomeke kuhulumeni, iveza imali egciniwe ethatha isikhathi eside. Ukuhlola okuncane kwathola ukuthi uhlelo lwenza i-intshi engaphezu kuka-R2,50 kumali ngayinye echithwayo [, uma ifaka izindleko ezincishisiwe, intela ekhuphukayo etholakala emalini eshisiwe, futhi incishisiwe ezidingweni zenhlalakahle yezenhlalo. Lenzuzo yemali yenza ukuba i-YCP ibe yinkokhela yokukhangayo kubenzi bemithetho efuna ubufakazi obukhokhelayo.

Ukusingatha Izinselele Nokuqhubeka Nokuziphendukela Kwemvelo

Njenganoma yiluphi uhlelo lwesilinganiso esikhulu, i-YCP ibhekene nezinselele eziqhubekayo. Inkinga ihlukene ezifundeni ezixhasa imali, izisebenzi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinga lemali. Ezinye izindawo zilwa nezindawo eziphelelwe yisikhathi, kanti ezinye zinenkinga yokudonsa othisha abafanelekayo nabeluleki. Indlela yempi ehlelwe kahle ingase ingafanelani nabo bonke abahilelekile, ikakhulukazi labo abanobuhlungu obukhulu noma abakhubazekile ekufundeni. Abagxeki baye babiza ukunakekelwa okubuhlungu kakhulu kanye nemithombo yezempilo yengqondo phakathi nohlelo.

Ukusekela isigaba somluleki wangemva kokuphothula kuletha enye inselele. Nakuba isikhathi senyanga engu-12 siyisici esiyinhloko sokuphumelela, kudinga ukuxhasa okungaguquguquki nokunika izisebenzi zokuzithandela. Kwezinye izizwe, ingxenye yosizo ingaphansi kwemikhawulo esekelayo, eholela ezindaweni ezisekelanayo. Abenzi becala ngokuvamile babhekana nezithiyo ngemva kokuphothula, njengokungalondeki, ukungalondeki, noma ukungabi nabazali bakuqala, lokho izinhlelo kuphela azikwazi ukukuxazulula. I-YCP zisebenza nabantu abasebenza nomphakathi ukuxoxa ngalezi zinto, kodwa izinga lokusekela liyahlukahluka.

Kukhona futhi ingxoxo eqhubekayo ngendima efanele ye-National Guard ekukhuleni kobusha. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi izinhlelo zezempi zibusa ngempoqo kakhulu futhi zingase zingadingi izimpikiswano eziyisisekelo zengqondo. Nokho, uhlelo luye lwashintsha ukuze luhlanganise izisebenzi zezenhlalakahle, abeluleki, nezifundo ezisekelwe ebufakazini ezihambisana nokunikeza isiyalo esingokomzwelo. Iwebhusayithi ye-YCP echaza ukuthi lolu hlelo alulona ikamu lokulungisa kodwa luyisimiso sentuthuko esigxile empucukweni, emakhonweni okuphila, nasekukhuleni komuntu siqu.

Iziyalezo Nezimo Ezintsha Zesikhathi Esizayo

I-Youth Challenge Program iyaqhubeka ijwayela ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zentsha eshintshayo. Izifunda eziningana ziqondisa izakhi zokufunda ezivumela abafundayo ukuba bathathe izifundo ze-inthanethi ukuze balulame noma balungise amakilasi asekholiji. Ezinye ziqala ukuhlolwa kwemisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe kanye nemfundo ye-crectives [ emasimini aphakeme anjenge-HAC, ubuchwepheshe bokwakha, kanye ne-indecurive. Lezi zihambela zesidingo esikhulayo sezisebenzi ezinekhono futhi zinikeza abasebenza ngezindlela zobuchwepheshe.

Enye intuthuko ethembisayo ukuhlanganiswa kwezinkonzo zempilo yengqondo phakathi kohlelo. I-National Guard isebenzelana nezinhlangano ezinjenge-Substance Abuse and Mental Service Administration ukuqeqesha izisebenzi ekunakekeleni okunolwazi olukhubazekayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza ngokusebenza kwengqondo ezifundweni. Imiphumela yakuqala evela ezindaweni zokuqondisa iveza ukuthi ukusingatha impilo yengqondo ngokuqondile kuthuthukisa ukukhubazeka nemiphumela emide.

Izinqubo ze-data ezilandelanayo zibuye zizuze intuthuko. I-YCP isebenza eqoqweni lokwaziswa kohlelo kanye nomphumela wokulandela ngokuxhumanisa imininingwane ehilelekile nemfundo kahulumeni nemisebenzi. Lokhu kuvumela abaphathi ukuba bathuthukise intuthuko yabafundi futhi baphawule izindawo zokuthuthukisa. Iprofayili ye-Weth.gov[ inikeza umongo owengeziwe ekusekeleni kwesimiso sikahulumeni kanye nokuhleleka kwaso ngemizamo yokuvimbela ukulahla indleko.

Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Kukhona Kwesimiso Sentsha Esiyinselele

Iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu, i-National Youth Chalm Programs iye yanikeza intsha yaseMelika indlela yokuziphilisa encike ekuhlukaneni nomphakathi. Ngokuhlanganisa imfundo yemfundo, amakhono okuphila, ukwakheka, nenkonzo yomphakathi endaweni ehleliwe, esekelayo, loluhlelo luye lwasiza amakhulu ezinkulungwane zabathweswe iziqu ukuba athole iziqu zesikole esiphakeme, athole umsebenzi, futhi abe izakhamuzi ezinokwethenjelwa. Lo hlelo alushintshi ukuphila kwabantu ngabanye kuphela kodwa futhi luqinisa imiphakathi, lunciphisa ubugebengu, futhi luthole inzuzo enamandla ekukhokheleni intela.

Ukubaluleka kwe-YCP akuyona nje kuphela imiphumela yayo engenakuguqulwa kodwa nasemifindweni yayo eyisisekelo: ukuthi yonke intsha, kungakhathaliseki isizinda, ifanelwe ithuba lesibili namathuluzi okwakha ikusasa elingcono. Njengoba uhlelo luqhubeka luvula futhi lwandisa, ihlala iyingxenye ebalulekile yenetha lokuphepha kwezenhlalo yaseMelika — ubuhlobo bomphakathi obusiza umphakathi obusekela amakhono ayingqayizivele esizwe ukusingatha enye yezinselele ezicindezela kakhulu: ukusekela ubusha nokuvimbela imijikelezo yobumpofu, ukuswelakala umsebenzi, nokuthumba.

Ukuze ufunde ngokwengeziwe, izihloko zezindaba ezisemthethweni zezwe zomphakathi ziqokomisa izindaba zempumelelo yomuntu siqu ezibonisa ithonya langempela lezwe lohlelo. Ukuhlolwa kuhlala kuwumthombo wemfundo onegunya kakhulu ekuhlaziyweni okunzima kohlelo nokubuya ekubekeni imali.