Kulesi sikhathi lapho ukwaziswa kugeleza ngesivinini esingakaze sibonwe kodwa kuvame ukucwengwa ngama-vratic lens, ikhono lokuthola ukwaziswa kukahulumeni okungagcinwi kumelela elinye lamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu akhona emphakathini. Ukubonakala kukahulumeni akusona nje isisekelo sokulawula okunenzuzo, kodwa yisisekelo lapho izakhamuzi zibona ukuthi izinqumo zenziwa kanjani, imali isetshenziswa khona, nendlela imithetho ephoqwa ngayo, zingadlulela ngalé kokungathathi qhaza ekuhlanganyeleni ngenkuthalo. Lesihloko sihlola ibalazwe lokukhanya kukahulumeni, sichaza amathuluzi akhona ukuze kungenele ulwazi nezindlela zezakhamuzi ezingawasebenzisa ukuze zibe abahlanganyeli abaphumelelayo embuthweni yabo yentando yeningi.

Ukubaluleka Kokubona Isilinganiso Kukahulumeni

Ukubonakala kwalesimiso sikahulumeni kubhekisela esimisweni sokuthi izakhamuzi zinelungelo lokwazi ngezenzo, izinqumo, nemisebenzi kahulumeni wazo. Kuyisisekelo sokubusa kwentando yeningi, ukwenza ukuba ukwazi ukuqondisa, ukulandisa, nokuhlanganyela kolwazi. Ngaphandle kokubona obala, ngisho nezenzo zikahulumeni ezihloselwe kahle zingabangela ukusola, kuyilapho ukonakala nokuphatha kabi kungachuma ngokunganqandeki.

Izinzuzo zokubona zidlulela ezingxenyeni eziningi zokuphila komphakathi. Okokuqala, zisebenza njengesithiyo sokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kabi kwegunya. Uma izikhulu zazi ukuthi izinqumo zazo zihlolwa umphakathi, zithambekele kakhulu ekwenzeni ngokuvumelana nomthetho nezindinganiso zokuziphatha. Okwesibili, ukuthuthukisa inqubo ngokuvumela ochwepheshe, abasekeli, nezakhamuzi ezivamile ukuba zinikele ukwaziswa, ukuqonda, nokuvumelana nemibono. Okwesithathu, kwakha ukwethemba. Izinhlangano eziqaphela uhulumeni wazo njengokhululekile nothembekile zithambekele kakhulu ekuvumelaneni nezimiso, ukukhokha intela, futhi zibambisana phakathi nezimo eziphuthumayo.

Ngamazwi angokoqobo, ukuba sobala kwenza izakhamuzi zikwazi:

  • Bambeka izikhulu ezikhethiwe nezimisiwe zilandisa ngezenzo nezinqumo zazo.
  • Hlanganyela nengqondo ezingxoxweni zomphakathi ngokwaziswa okunembile, okuhambisana nosuku.
  • Yenza izinqumo ezinolwazi phakathi nokhetho, ezisekelwe ekuqondeni okucacile amarekhodi nezikhundla zabazohlolwa.
  • Phawula ukungcola, ukukhwabanisa, nokuxhaphaza imali kahulumeni nezinhlelo zakhe.
  • Yiba nengxenye ekuthuthukisweni kwesimiso ngokunikeza ukunikeza impendulo okusekelwe ekutholeni incazelo esekelwe ekutheni ishiwo yini phakathi nezikhathi zokukhulumela komphakathi.

Amathuluzi Ayinhloko Okufinyelela Ulwazi Lukahulumeni

Ukuqonda la mathuluzi nendlela yokuwasebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo kubalulekile kunoma ubani ofuna ukuthatha izinyathelo zokubonana.

Inkululeko Yokwaziswa Ithatha Isinyathelo (FOIA)

I-Freedom of Information Act, eyamiswa ngo-1966 futhi yaqiniswa kakhulu ekulungisweni kwezakhiwo ezalandela, inikeza abantu ilungelo lokucela amarekhodi avela kwizinhlangano zikahulumeni. I-FOIA isebenza ezinhlanganweni zegatsha eziphethe, iminyango, nemishini, ibhukwi, ama-imeyili, imibiko, nemininingwane. Abaceli kumelwe bachaze imibhalo efunwayo ngokuchaza okunengqondo, futhi kudingwa ukuba baphendule phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-20 zamabhizinisi, nakuba izakhiwo zingaholela ekulibaziseni.

I-FOIA iye yaba wusizo ekudaluleni ububi bukahulumeni, kusukela engozini yendawo ezungezile kuya ekuphuleni amalungelo omphakathi. Iye yanika izintatheli, abacwaningi, namaqembu agunyazayo amandla okuthola izindaba ebezingafihlakala. Kubantu ngabanye, i-FOIA ingaba ithuluzi elinamandla lokuthola ukwaziswa ngezakhiwo zikahulumeni zendawo, ukunikeza izinhlelo, nezinqumo zezinhlangano ezithinta imiphakathi yabo. UMnyango weJaji unikeza isiqondiso esibanzi sokufaka i-FOIA izicelo zezincwadi, kuhlanganise nezincwadi kanye nokuxhumana kwe-oceal FOIA.

Umbuso Uvula Imithetho

Ngaphezu kwe-FOIA, isifundazwe ngasinye sigcina imithetho yaso siqu evulekile egciniwe, ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi amarekhodi avulekile noma imithetho yokukhanyisa kwelanga. Lemithetho ilawula ukutholakala komphakathi emarekhodini agcinwe yizinhlangano zikahulumeni, kuhlanganise nezifunda, iminyango yamaphoyisa, izikhomishane zesifundazwe, nemikhandlu yedolobha. Nakuba izikhomishane ezicaciwe zihluka kakhulu, izifundazwe eziningi zifuna ukuba amarekhodi omphakathi adalwe uma kungadalulwa imvume engekho ngokomthetho enjengemfihlo, ukuphenywa komthetho, noma ukuphenywa okuqhubekayo.

Imithetho evulekile kahulumeni ivame ukufinyelelwa kakhulu kune-FOIA kahulumeni ngoba ihlanganisa izinhlangano eziningi futhi ingasetshenziselwa ukucela ukwaziswa ezikhulwini zendawo ezithinta ukuphila kwansuku zonke − njengezinqumo zezindawo, amavoti ebhodi yesikole, nemibiko yezehlakalo zamaphoyisa. Izizwe eziningi zinamahhovisi okubonana noma abeluleki abakwazi ukungena emphakathini abasiza abaceli.

Izingosi Ze - Webhsayithi Zikahulumeni Neziteshi Ezisetshenziswa Ngezinombolo

Amawebhusayithi kahulumeni anamuhla aye aba yindawo eyinhloko yokwaziswa komphakathi. Ama-website kahulumeni, uhulumeni, nohulumeni bendawo alondoloza izikhungo ezikhipha uhlelo lwemali, imizuzu yemihlangano, imithetho, izivumelwano, nemisebenzi. I-data kahulumeni. inikeza ama-data angaphezu kuka-200,000 ahlanganisa izihloko zesayensi yesimo sezulu nezinga lempilo. Amatheku akhona emazingeni ezwe nasemasipala, njengase-Open Datarty of New York City ne-Ay California’s Data.CA.A.

Le mishini ye-octal yehlise isithiyo ekutholeni ukwaziswa. Kunokuba ifake isicelo esisemthethweni, izakhamuzi zingafuna futhi zikhuphele ukwaziswa abakudingayo ngokuqondile. Nokho, izinga nokusebenziseka kwalezi ziteshi kuyahluka kakhulu. Ezinye izinhlangano zinyathelisa ukwaziswa kumafomethi abonisa amakhophi acacile emeta-mimeta, kanti ezinye zinikeza ama-PDF kuphela okuhlola okunzima ukuphenya. Abasekeli bayaqhubeka besunduza izindinganiso eziqinisekisa ukuthi ukwaziswa kuyatholakala, kuphelele, futhi kufike ngesikhathi.

Izinhlangano Eziqaphile Nezakhamuzi

Izinhlangano ezingafaki nzuzo zifeza indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuboneni uhulumeni ngokubala ngokuhlola imisebenzi kahulumeni, ukuhlaziya ukwaziswa, nokusekela imithetho eqinile. Amaqembu anjenge-Sunight Foundation, i-Centre for Public Perferity, ne-Transparency International ithatha uphenyo oluzimele, ishicilela imibiko, futhi inikeza amathuluzi asiza izakhamuzi ukuba zingene futhi ziqonde ukwaziswa kukahulumeni.

Lezi zinhlangano zisebenza futhi njengezimemezeli, ukuhumusha ukwaziswa okuyinkimbinkimbi kukahulumeni kumafomethi nokulandisa okufinyelelekayo. Zingasiza izakhamuzi ukuba zibone amafulegi abomvu ekusebenziseni imali kahulumeni, ekufuneni imikhondo, futhi zilandele intuthuko yomthetho. Eziningi zinikeza izintatheli, abashisekeli bezombangazwe, nezakhamuzi ezifuna ukusebenzisa amathuluzi okubona ngokuphumelelayo.

Izisu Zokuhlanganyela Nokubona Izindawo Ngokubonana Kukahulumeni

Ukuthola ulwazi lukahulumeni kuyisinyathelo sokuqala. Ukuze inzuzo impela i-oparence, izakhamuzi kumele zihlanganyele ngokuzikhandla nokwaziswa ezikutholile futhi zikusebenzise ukuthonya ukwenza izinqumo.

Hlala Unolwazi Ngokuhlola Isimiso

Ukuthembisana okuphumelelayo kuqala ngokugada njalo. Ukuqashelwa kwamaphephandaba kahulumeni, ukumisa i-RSS eyondla ama-website ezenhlalakahle, nokulandela ukulandisa okusemthethweni kwezezenhlalo kungasiza izakhamuzi ukuba zihlale zibheke izinguquko zezimiso, imihlangano yomphakathi, namathuba okuphendula. Izinhlangano eziningi zilondoloza futhi amakhalenda okumisa i-imeyili namakhanda, anikeza amafasitela okufaka umphakathi.

Izakhamuzi kufanele zicabangele futhi ukusebenzisa izimiso zokuqapha ngezihloko ezithile zesithakazelo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Federal Register inikeza izaziso ze-imeyili ngemithetho emisha nezimiso ezihlongozwayo. Amawebhusayithi kahulumeni endawo avumela abasebenzisi ukuba babhalise ukushintshwa kwemihlangano yokuhlela, izihlolo zomkhandlu wedolobha, nokuhlela uhlelo lwemali. Ngokuhlela inqubo yokuhlola, izakhamuzi zingaqinisekisa ukuthi azilahlekelwa izenzakalo ezibalulekile noma imithetho emisiwe.

Hlakulela Inqubo Yesicelo Se - FOIA

Izicelo ze-FOIA eziphumelelayo zidinga ukulungiselela. Ngaphambi kokuthatha isicelo, izakhamuzi kufanele zicwaninge ukuthi yikuphi ukwaziswa osekukhona obala. Izinhlangano eziningi ezinyathelisa njalo zicela amarekhodi emawebhusayithi azo, angalondoloza isikhathi. Uma isicelo sidingeka, kufanele sicaciswe ngangokunokwenzeka mayelana nekhomyutha, uhide lwezinsuku, uhlobo lwemibhalo, nendaba. Izicelo ezibanzi noma ezingacacile zingaphikwa noma zibambezelelwe.

Abacelayo kufanele baqonde futhi isakhiwo semali. I-FOIA ivumela izinhlangano ukuba zikhokhele isikhathi sokufuna, isikhathi, nokwenza amakhophi, kodwa abanye abaceli (ihlanganise izintatheli, izinhlangano zemfundo, nezinhlangano ezingazuzisi) zingafanelekela ukukhokhela imali noma izindleko ezincishisiwe. Ukugcina amarekhodi azo zonke izincwadi nokulandela njalo kungasiza ekuqhubeleni phambili izicelo ezidakiwe.

Ukuhlanganyela Emihlanganweni Yeningi Nasezindlebeni

Imihlangano yomphakathi ihlanganisa ukuphendulana. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyibhodi yesikole sendawo noma isishaya-mthetho sikahulumeni, ukuba khona emihlanganweni kuvumela izakhamuzi ukuba zizwe ukuhlobana, zibuze imibuzo futhi zifakazele ezindabeni ezibalulekile kuzo. Imihlangano eminingi yasobala ihlanganisa inkathi emisiwe yokuphendula, futhi inikeza ubufakazi obuphenyisiwe bungathonya izinqumo.

Ukulungiselela kuyisihluthulelo. Izinhlelo zomhlangano ezibukeziwe kanye nezincwadi ezisekelayo ezingaphambili kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zibuze imibuzo eqondile futhi zinikeze imibono eqondile. Imihlangano ."ekhona futhi evunyelwe() ingenza irekhodi lomphakathi eliqinisekisa ukulandisa. Ohulumeni abaningi manje bagcina imihlangano engosini ye-inthanethi nasemarekhodini, okwenza ukuba kube nokwenzeka ukuba bahlanganyele ngisho nakulabo abangakwazi ukuya ngasese.

Ukusebenzelana Namaqembu Abashiqela

Isenzo sokuhlanganisa sihlanganisa imizamo yomuntu ngamunye. Ukuhlangana noma ukubambisana nezinhlangano zendawo ezibonelela ngamehlo ngakhona kunganikeza imithombo, ubuchwepheshe, nobukhulu bezombangazwe. Lamaqembu ngokuvamile aye amisa ubuhlobo nezikhulu zikahulumeni, ulwazi ngezinqubo ezingokomthetho, nekhono lokuqhuba ukucwaninga nokufinyelela okungenakukwazi ukuphumelela.

Ngisho nezimiso zezakhamuzi ezikhathalelayo − njengezinhlangano zomphakathi noma imifelandawonye esekelwe kumagazini − ingaba izimoto eziphumelelayo zokuveza ukuqashwa kwezincwadi. Ukuhlanganyela ukwaziswa ngezenzo zikahulumeni, ukuhlanganisa izicelo zeFOIA, nokuhlanganisa imithombo yezentengo zezinselele ezingokomthetho kungandisa kakhulu ithonya lanoma yimuphi umshisekeli oyedwa.

Funda Futhi Unike Abanye Amandla

Ukubona ngaphaya kwangaphandle kunamandla kakhulu uma kuhlanganyelwa kakhulu. Izakhamuzi ezifunde ukusebenzisa izimiso zikahulumeni zokunikeza ukwaziswa kufanele zifundise abanye. Ukuhlelwa kwamashabhu, iziqondisi zokubhala, nokweluleka abashisekeli abasha kungajulisa amandla omphakathi okuthembisana. Uma abantu abaningi bekwazi ukungena nokusebenzisa ukwaziswa kukahulumeni, isidingo sokubona siyakhula, kudala umjikelezo omuhle.

Imizamo yemfundo kufanele igxile emakhonweni awusizo: indlela yokuthola imali kahulumeni wendawo, indlela yokubhala isicelo somphakathi, indlela yokufunda iziphakamiso zomkhandlu wedolobha, nendlela yokunikeza izinkulumo zomphakathi.

Izinselele Zokuba Nesibindi Kuhulumeni

Naphezu kwezimiso ezingokomthetho namathuluzi asetshenziswa ngemishini atholakalayo, izinselele ezinkulu zivimbela ukuba sobala kukahulumeni. Ukuqaphela lezi zithiyo kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amasu okuzinqoba.

Ukumelana Nesimiso Sombuso Nempucuko

Ezinhlanganweni eziningi, impucuko enephutha ivumela ukugodla ukwaziswa kunokukutshela ukuthi kuzoba nombono ocacile, uvume ukugxekwa, noma ubangele imiphumela engokwezombangazwe. Lokhu kwenqaba kungabonakala njengempendulo ethatha kancane ezicelweni, ezeqisayo, noma ukuphika ngokuqondile ukufinyelela. Ukushintsha lelisiko kudinga isibopho sobuholi, ukuqeqeshwa, nezisusa ezivuzayo.

Ezinye izinhlangano ziswele isisekelo sokulawula izicelo zomphakathi ngokuphumelelayo. Ngaphandle kwezikhulu ezinikezelwe ze-FOIA, izinhlelo ezicacile, noma izisebenzi ezanele, izicelo zingaphelelwa amandla izinyanga noma iminyaka. Ukwanda kwamarekhodi kagesi − kuhlanganise ama-imeyili, imiyalezo esheshayo, kanye namathuluzi okubambisana.

Ukuyinkimbinkimbi Nokutholakala Kolwazi

Ngisho noma ukwaziswa kuvezwe, kungaba nzima ngezakhamuzi ezivamile ukukuqonda. Ukwaziswa kukahulumeni ngokuvamile kudinga ubuchwepheshe, ukunqwabelana, futhi akuhlelekile kahle. Ngokwesibonelo, amabhukwana okuhlela uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali angahlanganisa amakhulukhulu emakhasi anamagama afingqiwe. Izinkulumo zezokuxhumana nendawo ezungezile zingadinga ulwazi olukhethekile lwesayensi. Ngaphandle komongo nencazelo, ukwaziswa okungacacile kungaba okufiphele njengokufihlakele.

Ukuthuthukisa ukutholakala kudinga izinhlangano ezifaka izimali ekuboneni ukwaziswa, ekufushaneni, nasekuhloleni imishini. Kudinga futhi ukuhileleka kwezintatheli, abacwaningi, nezinhlangano zomphakathi ezingahumusha ukwaziswa okuyinkimbinkimbi ngamafomethi anenjongo nakwaziyo ukuthatha isinyathelo emphakathini.

Izithiyo Ezingokomthetho Nokukhululwa

Kokubili imithetho kahulumeni nombuso yokubonana ihlanganisa ukukhulula okuvumela izinhlangano ukuba zigodle izigaba ezithile zokwaziswa. Nakuba ezinye izintethelelo zivikela izithakazelo ezingokomthetho − njengemisebenzi eyimfihlo yomuntu siqu, ukulondeka kwesizwe, noma yokugcinwa komthetho okuqhubekayo — okungasetshenziswa kakhulu, okuvikela ukuziphatha okubi emphakathini.

Ilungelo lenqubo engekho, ngokwesibonelo, livumela izinhlangano ukuba zingakuvumeli ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi okuveza imibono nokutusa. Nakuba kuhloselwe ukukhuthaza ingxoxo eqotho, lokhu kukhulula kungasetshenziselwa ukufihla ukucabanga ezinqumweni eziphikisanayo.

Ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka ukuqamba amanga ukuze kuphikiselwe inselele engafanele, kodwa ukuthatha isinyathelo esingokomthetho kuyabiza futhi kuthatha isikhathi. Imizamo yokulungisa iyaqhubeka ifuna ukulinganisela okungcono phakathi kwemfihlo engokomthetho nelungelo lomphakathi lokwazi.

Ukuhlukana Ngezinombolo Nokungalingani Kwemithombo Yengcebo

Ukushintshela kumathuluzi okubona ngamanani kwenza ukuba abantu abakwazi ukufunda nokubhala nge-inthanethi abathembekile bahluke kakhulu. Izindawo ezithola imali ephansi, izindawo zasemaphandleni, nabantu abadala bangazama ukungena kuma-inthanethi, ama-state olwazi, noma ama-odate curder. Lokhu kungasusa ngokuqondile inani labantu abadinga ulwazi lukahulumeni ukuze basekele izithakazelo zabo.

Ukusingatha lenselele kudinga izindlela eziningi: ukulondoloza amakhetho asekelwe ephepheni naku-opera, ukunikeza iziteshi zamacomputer emitatsheni nasemazikhungweni zomphakathi, nokunikeza izinhlelo zokuqeqesha ezakha amakhono emishini. Izinyathelo zokubona ngale ezingazinaki izinto ezicatshangelwayo zifaka ingozi yokungalingani okukhona.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Ngokubona Uhulumeni Ngokubona Okuphumelelayo

Ukuhlola izibonelo ezingokoqobo zokukhanya okusezweni ezisemsebenzini kunikeza izifundo ezibalulekile zokuthi yini esebenzayo nokuthi kungani.

Idolobha laseSan Francisco liqala ngemininingwane evulekile

ISan Francisco yaqala ukudlulisa ukwaziswa kwayo ngo-2009 ngokudluliswa kwe-Open Data Policy, eyagunyaza ukuba iminyango yedolobha inyathelise ukwaziswa ngamafomethi abhalwe ngomshini ebhokisini eliphakathi. Isinyathelo siye saveza ama-memone angaphezu kwenkulungwane ahlanganisa izenzakalo zobugebengu, izicelo zenkonzo ezingu-31, imvume yokwakha, izitolo zokudlela, nezibalo zempilo yomphakathi.

Enye impumelelo ephawulekayo ibiwukusetshenziswa kokwaziswa kobugebengu ukuze kwaziswe amasu okuphepha emphakathini. i-San Francisco Police Department ikhipha ukwaziswa okwenzekayo masonto onke, okuye kwasetshenziswa abacwaningi namaqembu omphakathi ukuveza izindlela zokuhlola, amasu amaphoyisa, kanye nokusekela ukuqoqwa kwempahla. Itheku lihlanganisa futhi uhlelo lwemali nezindleko, okwenza izakhamuzi zikwazi ukulandelela intela esetshenziswa emnyangweni nasezingeni lezinhlelo.

Isinyathelo sokuqala asibanga nezinselele. Izinkinga zemininingwane, izimiso zokuhlaziya ezingaguquguquki, nokushintsha-shintsha kwendlela kudinga ukutshala okuqhubekayo. Nokho, ukuzimisela kweSan Francisco ukuthuthukisa okuqhubekayo − kuhlanganisa iqembu le-DataSF elinikezelwe elisebenza ngeminyango ukuze lihlele futhi lihlanze ukwaziswa − kuye kwenza ukuba kube yisibonelo samanye amadolobha.

Isenzo senkululeko yolwazi ye-United Kingdom

I-UK’s Freedom of Information Act yaqala ukusebenza ngo-2005, inikeza izakhamuzi ilungelo lokucela ukwaziswa kuziphathimandla zomphakathi ezingaphezu kuka - 100 000, kuhlanganise neminyango kahulumeni ephakathi, imikhandlu yendawo, i-National Health Service, nezikole. Umthetho uye waholela ekuvulweni kwezigidi zezincwadi futhi ngokuyisisekelo uye washintsha indlela uhulumeni esebenza ngayo.

Imiphumela emikhulu ye-FOIA yaqala ngo-2009, lapho izicelo ze-FOIA zembula izinga lezindleko zemali ye-MP, kuhlanganise nemali yokukhokhelwa kwezikweletu ezisemakhaya akhokhelwe kakade, izimpahla zokunethezeka nezinye izinto ezingabazekayo. Ihlazo elaba umphumela laholela ekuyekeni, ekumangalelweni kobugebengu, nasekulungiseni izindleko. Yabonisa futhi amandla okubona kahle okugcina ngisho nokubekwa kwecala okukhulu.

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwe-UK kuqokomisa futhi ukubaluleka kwendikimba ezimeleyo. I-Office yokwaziswa iphoqelela ukuba i-FOIA ithobele, iziqondiso zezindaba, futhi ingaphoqelela ukusabela ekukhonondeni. Lendlela yokuqinisekisa ibucayi, njengoba izinhlangano zivame ukumelana nokutshelwa ngaphandle komphathi ongakhethi.

Izakhiwo zokubonisa ngaphaya kwenombolo zase-Estonia

I-Estonia yakha esinye sezimiso eziphambili zokulawula izinombolo emhlabeni, ezifakelwe ukubonakala okusezingeni lobuchwepheshe. Izakhamuzi zingathola amarekhodi azo empilo, izintela zamafayela, amavoti ku-inthanethi, futhi zibheke imibhalo kahulumeni ngesimiso se-mitamente esilondekile. I-X-Road platifomu ivumela ukuthengiselwana kokwaziswa phakathi kwemitapo kahulumeni kuyilapho inikeza izakhamuzi ukubonakala okuye kwafinyelela ukwaziswa kwazo.

Inza ukuba indlela yokungena ye-Estonia iphawuleke yisimiso se-"eyimfihlo"" .Izimboni zinikeza ukwaziswa kuhulumeni kanye, futhi izinhlangano zihlanganyela kukhona phakathi kwazo kunokufuna ukuzithoba okuqinile. Lokhu kunciphisa umthwalo wokulawula futhi kwandise ukubonakala, njengoba izakhamuzi zingalandela indlela imininingwane yazo esetshenziswa ngayo. Isimiso sase-Estonia futhi sihlanganisa izingqiniso eziseceleni zemithetho, imithetho, nezinqumo zenkantolo, zenza ulwazi olungokomthetho lutholakale ngokukhululekile kubo bonke.

Indima Yobuchwepheshe Ekuqhubeni Ithuba Lokubona Okusobala

Ubuchwepheshe buyaqhubeka bulungisa indlela okubonakala ngayo, bunikeza amathuba nezingozi.

Ubuciko Nokuhlolwa Kwezincwadi

Amathuluzi e-AI asetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni imiqulu emikhulu yezincwadi zikahulumeni, ukuhlukanisa imiklamo, kanye nezindaba ezingase zivele. Ukuhlelwa kolimi lwemvelo kungahlola izinkulungwane zamakhasi ezindawo ezihlolwayo, izivumelwano, noma imizuzu yokuhlangana ukuze kuthole ukwaziswa okuhlobene. Lokhu kusebenza kubaluleke kakhulu kubacosheli bezindaba nakwababuki abadinga ukulungisa ukwaziswa ngokwesilinganiso.

Ezinye izinhlangano zizama futhi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwazo siqu kokubona ngapha kwe-Al. Izimiso ezizimo zingasiza ekuhlukaniseni amabhukwana, ukwaziswa okuno-bomvu, futhi ziphendule izicelo ezivamile ze-FOIA. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI kuletha ukukhathazeka okusha ngokuphathelene nokunembe, ubandlululo, nokulandisa. Uma isimiso se-AI singasebenzi kahle, izakhamuzi zingalahlekelwa ukufinyelela amarekhodi abalulekile.

Ukuvimbela Amarekhodi Angenakuminyaniswa

Ubuchwepheshe be-blockchain bunikeza ithuba lokugcina amarekhodi angenakungenwa hlangothi. Ngokugcina amabhukwana kahulumeni − njengezihloko zomhlaba, amarekhodi ovota, noma izivumelwano zokuthola imvume ("esakazekayo), izinhlangano zinganikeza ubufakazi obuqinisekisayo bokuthi amarekhodi awashintshiwe. Lokhu kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukonakala futhi kwandise ukwethembana.

Amazwe amaningana aqhuba izinyathelo zokubonana ezisekelwe kumablockchain. IGeorgia iye yasebenzisa isimiso sokwenza ubhaliso lwezwe, ukunciphisa ukukhohlisa nokwandisa ukuthembela emalungelweni empahla. Ubuchwepheshe buhlolwa futhi ukuze kutholakale imishini elandelanayo kuhulumeni, lapho ingaqinisekisa khona ukuthi izivumelwano ziklonyeliswa kahle nokuthi izinto zihlangabezana nezincazelo.

Izindinganiso Zokwaziswa Ezivulekile Nokubambisana

Ukusebenza kokwaziswa okuvulekile kuxhomeke ezindinganisweni. I-Open Data Charter ne-International Open Data Charter inikeza izisekelo zokunyathelisa ukwaziswa ngezindlela ezitholakalayo, ezifinyelekayo, nezingabuye zitholakale. Ukusebenzisa amafomethi avamile (njenge-CSV, JSON, ne-XML ) kanye nokuhlanganisa i-metameta-data ezindaweni ezihlukene.

Ukubambisana kubaluleke kakhulu ekuhlaziyweni. Isakhamuzi esifuna ukuqhathanisa imali yesikole ethunyelwa emazweni ahlukene noma emadolobheni sidinga ukwaziswa okuqoqiwe futhi kubikwe ngokusebenzisa izincazelo ezingaguquki. Imizamo enjenge-DATA kaHulumeni ka-U.S., eyathi ihlele i-data esetshenziswa yi-oversel Open Data Index, evumelana nezimiso ze-data ezivulekile, iqhubela ekukhetheni ukufana okukhulu.

Indlela Ephambili Yokwazi Ukuba Izakhamuzi

Ukubonana kukahulumeni akuyona indawo okufikelwa kuyo kodwa kuwumkhuba oqhubekayo. Amathuluzi namasu achazwe kulesi sihloko anikeza isisekelo, kodwa ukuthembisana okuqhubekayo kudinga isibopho, ikhono, nokuzimela. Izakhamuzi kumelwe ziqhubeke zizama ukuqinisa imithetho eqinile yokubona, ukusetshenziswa okungcono kwezakhiwo ezikhona, kanye nokutshala imali eningi ezisekelweni zezakhiwo zemvelo. Okukwenza kube lula.

Kubantu ngabanye, indlela engaphambili ihilela inhlanganisela yokufunda, isenzo, kanye nokuphatha. Qala ngokuphawula indawo ethile kahulumeni ethinta ukuphila kwakho. /Ibhodi lesikole sendawo yakini, ikhomishane yedolobha lakini, noma inxusa likahulumeni elinezinqumo ezinokubaluleka emphakathini wakini. Funda ukuthi yikuphi ukwaziswa osekukhona kakade emphakathini, nokuthi yini engekho. Isicelo salokho ofuna ukwazi. Yiya emhlanganweni.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, sebenzela ukuqinisa indawo ebanzi yokukhanya. Izinhlangano ezisekela ukuvunyelwa kukahulumeni obanzi. Uma usekela othile omusha ekuthembiseni izivumelwano zomphakathi. Hlanganisa nabameleli bakho abakhethiwe futhi ubazise ukuthi izinto zibonakala kahle kuwe. Uma izinhlangano zimelana nokuvezwa, khuluma. Uma imithetho ingafanele, funa inguquko.

Umgomo wokugcina yindawo lapho ukubonakala ngaphandle kungavamile kodwa kulindeleke khona − lapho ukuvuleka kuphoqelelwe khona entweni yokubusa, nalapho isakhamuzi ngasinye sinamathuluzi, amakhono, nokuqiniseka kokunikeza ukulandisa. Lowombono ungase ungafezeki ngokugcwele, kodwa zonke izicelo ezigcinwe, zonke imihlangano ezikhona, futhi zonke iphimbo lisisondeza eduze. Izakhamuzi ezinolwazi ziyisisekelo sesimiso sokubusa ngentando yeningi esinempilo, futhi ukukhanya kuyisisekelo sesakhamuzi esinolwazi.