Isingeniso: Ukugadla kwe - UK Visa eMfundweni Ngo - 2024

Sekungamashumi eminyaka, i-United Kingdom iyinye yezimo ezifunwa kakhulu emhlabeni ngemva kwemfundo ephakeme, idweba abafundi kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Njengoba kuvuleka ngo-2024, indlela yokuba abafundi bezizwe zonke bafunde emayunivesithi nasekholijini e-UK ihlala ihlelwe eyaziwa kabanzi ngokuthi i-Tier 4 Students Visa — nakuba isimiso sesimiso sezwe sisungulwe ngokomthetho. Kusukela ngo-202020, i-UK siye sasebenzisa i- Points-Systemdigation system[[ kulokhu kusungulwe kakhulu lapho i-Restude projectives (empela i-Tier 4) iyindlela eyisisekelo. Nokho, izinhlangano eziningi, imishini, nezimenywane-okanye nezimemo ezidingekayo kakhulu ekusebenziseni kokwaziswa okusemfakelwayo, lesi sihloko, ukuchaza izimfuneko, nezinqunulo ezisemthethweni ezisemthethweni ezisebenzayo ezingokomthetho ezingokomthetho zemalini ezingokomthetho zemali ezingu-U.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ufaka isilinganiso esiphansi kakhulu, uhlelo lokuqeda i-media, noma izifundo zesiNgisi esifushane, ukuqonda indinganiso eqondile kubalulekile. UK Visas no-Immigration (UKVI) ugcine izindinganiso eziqinile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abafundi abaqotho bayavunywa kuyilapho bevimbela ukusetshenziswa kabi kwesimiso. Ngezansi, sephula zonke imfuneko ngokuningiliziwe, sidweba ngokuqondile kumqondisi wehhovisi Lasekhaya kanye nezincwadi zezimiso ze-'.

Ukuqonda Isimiso Sabafundi SaseVisa: Umgwaqo Wabafundi Uyi - tier 4 vs.

Ngaphambi kuka-2021, abafundi bezwe lonke abasetshenziswa ngaphansi kwesigaba se-Tier 4 (Jikelele) somfundi babuyiselwa lapho i-UK ishiya i-European Union futhi yakha uhlelo olusha lwamaphuzu-esekelwe kuyo. Imvume yabafundi yamanje ibizwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi i-vsavs[ i-vsag [ (ngokuvamile kubhekiselwa kuyo njenge-Route yabafundi). Ukuze kuboniswe ukuthi i-UK, lesiqondiso sisebenzisa igama elaziwayo ngokuphindaphindiwe elithi “Umfundi 4 Visa''''''' kodwa sibonakalisa izimfuneko ezingu-2024 zeRoms. Isihluthulelo siwukuthi isimiso esisha sisekelwe kumaphuzu ama-othsuntwo okumelwe ubhale amaphuzu angu-70. Lawo maphuzu anikezwa ngo-:

  • Ukuqinisekisa ukwamukela i-Active for Studies (CAS) – 50 amaphuzu
  • [ Imfuneko yezimali (izindleko zokuthola nokuphila) – amaphuzu ayishumi
  • Ulimi lwesingisi impumelelo[ – amaphuzu ayishumi

Kumelwe ugcwalise zonke izimo ezintathu. Ukwehluleka kunoma iyiphi indawo kubangela ukwenqaba. Lesici sisekela zonke imfuneko okuxoxwe ngazo ngezansi.

Isimo Sokuphumelela Komfundi UVisa 4 (2024)

Ukuze usebenzise, kumelwe uhlangabezane nezimfuneko ezilandelayo. Sinweba ngasinye sibe ujukujuku futhi sicace.

Ukuqinisekiswa Kokwamukela Izifundo (CAS)

I-CAS iyibhukwana elilodwa elibaluleke kakhulu kuloluhlelo lwakho. Ikhishwa ngumxhasi wabafundi abanamaphepha-mvume — ngokuvamile iYunivesithi ye-UK noma ikholiji elinohlobo lwe- Studenty Sponsor layisensi [[ esuka ku-UKVI. Inombolo yeCAS iyikhombo eliyingqayizivele olifaka kuhlobo lwakho lwesicelo so-vrase-intanethi. Iqinisekisa ukuthi:

  • Unikezwe indawo yokufunda esikoleni esivunyelwe.
  • Izifundo zihlangabezana nezinga elidingekayo lokuhlola (RQF 3 noma ngaphezulu ngeUK nesilinganiso sedegree).
  • Ufinyelele izimfuneko zokungena esikoleni.
  • Isikhungo sikholelwa ukuthi ungumfundi oqotho futhi uzovumelana nezimo zevisa.

Ibalulekile: ICAS ayiyona uhlamvu olungokoqobo; iwumbhalo wesisekelo owadalwa umxhasi wakho. Uzothola ikhasi leCAS elinenombolo ekhethekile nemininingwane yekhoso. Kumelwe usebenzise leCAS phakathi nenkathi yayo yokufaneleka — ngokuvamile izinyanga eziyisithupha kusukela kumagazini. Ngaso sonke isikhathi hlola ngokuphindwe kabili ukuthi ukwaziswa okuphathelene neCAS kufanelana nepasss yakho, njengoba noma isiphi isiphazamiso singabangela ukulibala noma ukwenqaba.

Uma ufundiswa umnakekeli wakho noma ikholiji lendlela, qinisekisa ukuthi isikhungo sinelayisensi ye-Sponser esemthethweni. Uhulumeni we-UK ukhipha ubhalise izixhaswe ezigunyaziwe [[[FLT: 1] ongazihlola.

Izimfuneko Zemali: Izindleko Zokudla Nezindleko Zokuphila

Kumelwe ubonise ukuthi unemali eyanele yokukhokha imali yakho yonyaka wokuqala (noma yezifundo zonke uma zimfushane) futhi uzisekele phakathi nesikhathi sakho sokuhlala.

Intela yokuthola imali: Inani elifunekayo yinani elisohlwini lwe-CAS yakho. Uma i-as ingaphezu konyaka owodwa, kudingeka kuphela ubonise izindleko zonyaka wokuqala. Uma ukhokhe imali ethile noma yonke ekhokhwayo engaphambili enhlanganweni yakho, okumelwe kuqinisekiswe nge-CAS noma ngohlamvu oluhlukile.

Izindleko zokuphila (ubukhulu): Imali enciphile oyidingayo yile:

  • [[[UMTL:0] £1,334 ngenyanga [[ wezifundo eLondon (kuhlanganise namagatsha angaphakathi eLondon).
  • [[[UMTL:0] U-$($1,023) ngenyanga [[ wezifundo ngaphandle kwe-London (enye ingxenye ye-UK).
  • Kumelwe ubonise imali izinyanga ezingaba ngu - 9 (noma isikhathi sezifundo zakho uma zimfushane).

Ngokwesibonelo, i - Master yeminyaka eyodwa eLondon ifuna ukuba ubonise u - £1 334 × 9 = £12 006 ngezindleko zokuphila, kanye nemali yokukhokhela (u - £20 000), okusho ingqikithi yemali edingekayo okungenani ku - £32 006.

[[UMTHWELE:0] Indlela yokuqinisekisa imali:[[[UMTL:1]

  • Izitatimende zasebhange egameni lakho (noma igama lomzali noma umnakekeli ophethwe imvume).
  • Kumelwe ukuba le mali yagcinwa okungenani izinsuku ezingu - 28 ezilandelanayo, iphela ezinsukwini ezingu - 31 ngaphambi kosuku lwakho lokusebenza.
  • Kumelwe abonise igama lomniniyo wendaba, inombolo ye - akhawunti, usuku, nokulinganisa.
  • Ukulondoloza imali kuyamukelwa; iziqiwi ezimisiwe zesikhathi, izabelo, noma impahla azimukelwa.
  • Uma usebenzisa i - akhawunti yomzali yasebhange, kumelwe unikeze nencwadi yokuzalwa noma yokugcinwa kwezincwadi ezingokomthetho nencwadi evela kumzali ekunikeza imvume yokusebenzisa leyo mali.

Ibalulekile: Abafundi besizwe abavela emazweni athile (umz., Iran, Syria, Yemen) bangabhekana nemingcele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abafundi abafundelwe ngokugcwele (umz., iChevening, Commonwealth) badinga kuphela ukubonisa incwadi yemfundo, hhayi izitatimende zebhange ngalinye. Ngaso sonke isikhathi hlola isiqondiso semali samuva [i-vscrect kamfundi wezwelonke .

Ukukhuluma NgesiNgisi

Bonke abafaka isicelo kumelwe babonise ukuthi banezinga elanele lesiNgisi ukuze bakwazi ukubhekana nesifundo semfundo. Izinga elidingekayo lixhomeke enfundweni:

  • [[I-FLT:0] Isilinganiso esiphansi nangaphezulu:[[[FL:1] ICEFR B2 encishisiwe kuwo wonke amakhono amane (ukufunda, ukubhala, ukulalela, ukukhuluma).
  • Umgangatho ophansi wezinga lokufunda (njengesisekelo noma isiqephu sangaphambi): ukunciphisa CEFR B1.

Ubufakazi obamukelekayo buhlanganisa:

  • Idlula i-UKVI egunyazwe yi-UKVI Acced Language Sucrificat Uvavanyo lwezilimi zesiNgisi (SELT). Abaxhasi abavamile yi-IELTS for UKVI, Pearson PTE Academic UKVI, no-Trinity ISE. Ukuhlolwa kumelwe kuthathwe endaweni yokuhlola evunyelwe.
  • Ukuba neziqu ezifundiswa ngesiNgisi (uma leli qu lalinikezwa emazweni athile akhuluma isiNgisi noma uma incwadi evela eyunivesithi iqinisekisa ukuthi imfundo isekelwe esiNgisini).
  • Njengoba iyizwe lesiNgisi elikhuluma kakhulu (Antigua noBarbuda, Australia, Bahamas, Barcos, Belize, Canada, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Ireland, Jamaica, Malta, New Zealand, St Kitts noNevis, St Lucia, St Vincent, neGrenadines, Trinidad neTobago, USA, UK).

Amayunivesithi amaningi amukela futhi ezinye iziqinisekiso zezinjongo zokuvuma, kodwa ezinjongweni zevisa, iHhovisi le Home liqinile. Ngaso sonke isikhathi hlola isikhungo esibheka i-CAS i-SAS i-ucance. Official UKVI yohlu lokuhlola okuvunyelweyo [ ushintsho ngezikhathi ezithile, ngakho qinisekisa ngaphambi kokuba ubhale incwadi.

Izimfuneko Zempilo: Isifo Sofuba (TB) Nokuthola Isilinganiso Sempilo

Ukuhlola TB: Uma uyisizwe lapho i-TB ihlala khona futhi uhlala e-UK izinyanga ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha, kumelwe unikeze isitifiketi esingesihle sokuhlolwa kwesifo sofuba emtholampilo ovunyelwe. Ukuhlolwa okumelwe kuthathwe phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha zohlelo lwe-visa yakho. I-Ofisi yekhaya ilondoloza [[FLTB:] uludwe lwamazwe adinga ukuhlolwa kwe-TB[[[FLTB:3]. Ngokwesibonelo, iningi lamazwe ase-Afrika, e-South Asia, naseNingizimu-Mpumalanga ye-Asia kuyafakwa. Uma usanda kuphila ezweni elingadingi ukuhlolwa izinyanga eziyisithupha, ungathola ubufakazi obubodwa kodwa kumelwe unikeze ubufakazi.

[[NTL: 0] Ukuhlanganisa iHealth Surfution (IHS): Bonke abafundi abanganciphisi kumelwe bakhokhe i-IHS njengengxenye yomsebenzi wabo we-visa. Imali (njengo-2024) ngu-$776 ngonyaka kubafundi. Ukhokha le mvume phambili phakathi kobude bonke be-vésas (kuhlanganise, uma ikhona). Inikeza ukufinyelela kwinkonzo ye-UK’S National Health Service (NHS) njengesakhamuzi esihlala njalo. Uhlamvu lwakho lwe-CAS luzobonisa ubude obuqondile bendlela, ngakho ungabala i-IHS. Ukuveza akunakekeli ezimweni eziningi.

Imfuneko Yabafundi Bangempela

Ngisho noma uhlangabezana nawo wonke amaphuzu ezibalo, ungase wenqatshwe uma iHhovisi Lasekhaya likholelwa ukuthi awuyena umfundi oqotho.

  • Ungaguquguquki phakathi kwezincwadi zakho zokusebenza, iCAS, nobufakazi obusekelayo.
  • Ukuqhubekela kwakho kwemfundo: Bakhetha ukuthi uthatha izifundo ezivumelana nezimfanelo zangaphambili. Ukusuka ezingeni eliphansi kuya ezifundweni eziphansi (umz., kusukela kuNkosi kuya kuDiploma) kungaphakamisa imibuzo.
  • Ikhono lakho nenhloso yakho yokuqeda lezifundo.
  • Ungabizwa ukuba ube nengxoxo ethembekile esikhungweni sokusebenza se-visa. Lungiselela ukuchaza ukuthi kungani ukhethe i-UK, ikhodi yakho, izinhlelo zakho zesikhathi esizayo, kanye nezibopho zakho ezweni lakini.

Uma wenqatshwa ngaphansi komthetho wabafundi oqotho, awunakumane uqonde nge-CAS efanayo ngaphandle kokuba kube noshintsho lwezinto ezimweni.

Inqubo yesithobo: Isinyathelo-sokugqekeza

Inqubo yokusebenza iyi-intanethi kakhulu. Ngezansi kunezindlela eziningi zokulandela.

Isinyathelo Sokuqala: Thola I - CAS Yakho Futhi Uyiqinisekise

Iyunivesithi yakho izokhipha i-CAS kuphela ngemva kokuba uvume i-CAS engenakugwenywa futhi uhlangabezane nazo zonke izimo (i-acamic, isiNgisi, imali yokufaka). Qinisa yonke imininingwane encamini ye-CAS inembile. Awukwazi ukuhlela i-CAS ngemva kokuzithoba ku-UKVI; uma uthola iphutha, cela umxhasi wakho ukuba anikeze elinye elisha.

Isinyathelo 2: Butha Amadokhumende Asekelayo

Lungisa amafotokopi nezinguqulo ezigunyaziwe lapho kudingeka khona.

  • I - passport esemthethweni ( okungenani inekhasi elilodwa elingenalutho)
  • ICAS isitatimende (asithunyelwanga e - UKVI kodwa udinga inombolo)
  • Ubufakazi obungokwezimali (izinkulumo zobhange noma incwadi yokufundwa kwezincwadi)
  • Ukuhlola isitifiketi solimi lwesiNgisi (uma kungenzekile)
  • Isitifiketi se-TB (uma kudingeka)
  • Izimfanelo zobufundisi (zakuqala nezahunyushwa) ezazisetshenziselwa lesi sabelo
  • Incwadi egunyazwa abazali nesitifiketi sokuzalwa uma usebenzisa imali yomzali
  • Noma yiziphi izincwadi zokuvunyelwa zeUK (uma zisetshenziswa)

Hlola wonke amadokhumende njengo-PDF noma u-JPEG ukuze uwafake.

Isinyathelo 3: Qedela uhlelo lokusebenza lwe - Internet

Vakasha i-pass visa kahulumeni kamfundi ikhasi futhi wenze i-akhawunti. Uzogcwalisa imininingwane yakho, umlando wokuhamba nokwaziswa kothintana nocingo. Uzophendula imibuzo futhi ngempilo yakho, irekhodi lakho lobugebengu, nomlando wakho wezokufuduka. Uzodinga inombolo yakho ye-CAS ukuze uqhubeke.

Inkokhelo yempondo: $490 (njengo-2024) ye vhisa yabafundi ejwayelekile evela ngaphandle kwe-UK. Uma usebenzisa ngaphakathi kwe-UK ukuze wandise, inkokhiso ingu $490 kanye. Ukuqala ne-parity inkokhelo engaphezulu (bona ngezansi).

Ukukhokha i-curpebration: Kumelwe ukhokhe i-IHS kulayini ngaphambi kokuhlawulwa. Isimiso sibala inkokhelo esekelwe ekuqaleni kohambo lwakho nezinsuku zokuphela. Gcina irisithi.

Isinyathelo 4: Incwadi Ekhuluma Nge - biometrics Nezincwadi Ezilayishiwe

Ngemva kokunikeza ifomu le-website kanye nokukhokha izindleko, uzothunyelwa kumphathi wengxenye yesithathu yenkonzo (isib., umngane wezentengiselwano we-UKVI, njenge VFS Global noma TLSc Connec. Kumelwe:

  • Hlela ukumisa i - Visa Application Centre (VAC). Uzonikeza iminwe, isithombe, futhi mhlawumbe isignesha (imininingwane ye - digital).
  • Layisha amabhukwana akho asekelayo ehhovisi lenkokheli. Ezinye izindawo zamukela namakhophi aqinile; hlola iziyalezo ozinike zona.
  • Uma ukhetha i - “UKVI Immigration Health Surrefution” yenezela, ungase ufanelekele i - UKVI App, okukuvumela ukuba uphuthe ukuvakasha kwe - VAC uma uvela emazweni athile futhi ube ne - passport ye - biomic.

Isinyathelo Sesihlanu: Yiba Khona Lapho Kumiswa Ukumiswa Futhi Udlulise Isikhululo

Ngosuku lokumiswa kwakho, yiza nencwadi yakho yokungena, imvume yokumisa iposi lokufaka imvume, nencwadi yokufaka isicelo. Uzocelwa ukuba uqinisekise ukuthi ungubani. Ngemva kokwenza i-biographic, ipasi lakho lokungena lizogcinwa ukuze lilungiswe. Kwamanye amazwe, ungayigcina i-passport futhi uyithumele kamuva, kodwa inqubo evamile iwukuyigcina iqhubeka isebenza.

Isinyathelo 6: Ukuhlela Isikhathi Nesinqumo

Isikhathi sokulungisa inqubo izinsuku ezingu-15 zezinhlelo ezenziwe ngaphandle kwe-UK. Uma ukhokhela inkonzo yokuqala (u-$500 ongaphezulu), i-operation ingaba izinsuku eziyisihlanu. Ukusebenza kakhulu (u-$800 ongeziwe) kunikeza isinqumo ekupheleni kosuku olulandelayo lokusebenza. Zonke izikhathi zisukela osukwini lokuhlelwa kwe-biometric. Phakathi nenkathi yenani eliphakeme (August-October), kubambezela; kuyenzeka kusengaphambili.

Uma uvunyelwe, uzothola i-pixette (isigqebhezana) ephepheni lakho lokuhambisa izincwadi ze-imeyili izinsuku ezingu-90. Kumelwe uqoqe ipasi lakho lokungena e-VAC noma ulethe. Uzobe usuya e-UK phakathi kokulingana kwe-vignette.

Ukucatshangelwa Okwengeziwe Kwalabo Abasebenzisa Imishini Ka - 2024

Ukusebenza Lapho Utadisha

I-Tier 4 Study Visa ikuvumela ukuba usebenze inxenye ngesikhathi sesikhathi sonyaka nesikhathi esigcwele phakathi namaholide. Imingcele iyahluka ngokwezinga lekhodi. Ngokuvamile, abafundi abaneziqu bangasebenza amahora angu-20 ngesonto phakathi nesonto phakathi nesikhathi samaholide. Kodwa akumelwe usebenze ngemisebenzi yakho, uqashwe njengodokotela/ilungu (unyaka ongenasisekelo), noma njengochwepheshe wezemidlalo/umtaporner. I-CAS yakho izakubonakalisa izimo zomsebenzi ezivunyelweyo. Ungazenzi izimo zomsebenzi ; ingaholela ekukhishweni i-visani kanye nokuvinjelwa kwesikhathi esizayo.

Ukuletha Abancike Kubo

Kusukela ngo-2024, izinguquko zemithetho ye-vsagrase ye-UK ziye zabekelwe imingcele encike kumalungu amaningi emvume yabafundi. Kusukela ngo-January 2024, abafundi abasanda kufunda (i-PhD noma i-PhD esekelwe ekucwaningeni eRQF 8 ) bavunyelwe ukuletha umngane wabo kanye nabantwana. I-Master’s, i-Bachelor’s, nezinye izifundo azikwazi ukuletha abancikene nayo. Ukusekela abafundi abaqale ngaphambi kwemithetho emisha kusengasayi sebenza. Ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuqinisekisa imithetho yamanje eqondiswe ku-ULT] i-ULT.

Izinketho zomsebenzi weposi-ofundwayo: Indlela yeGraduate

Esinye isizathu esenza abafundi abaningi bakhethe i-UK ithuba lomsebenzi wangemva kwe-Phydtue. I-Graduate Route (eyangaphambili iPSW) ivumela abafundi bezizwe zonke abaqede iziqu eYunivesithi yase-UK ukuba bahlale futhi basebenze (noma bafune umsebenzi) eUK iminyaka engu-2 kuya kwe-2 (iminyaka emithathu ku-PD ephosolisiweyo) ngemva kwezifundo zabo. Lendlela ayidingi umxhasi futhi iyavumelana. Ngemva kweGraduate Route, ungashintshela eVeniza yezisebenzi eziqeqeshiweyo uma uthola umsebenzi ofanele. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olufanele. [FLT:] Gradutate vvis [ikhasi[FLD:]]

Amaphutha Avamile Nendlela Yokuwagwema

Ngisho namaphutha amancane angaholela ekwamukeleni imvume. Nakhu izingibe ezivame kakhulu nendlela yokuwagwema:

  • Amaphutha emali yobufakazi:[ Izimali azinawo izinsuku ezingu-28 ezilandelanayo, zisebenzisa amafomu anga-cash (umz., i-stock), imvume yomzali elahlekile, noma ingaphandle kwezitatimende zebhange zosuku. [ Ukubuyisa: Sebenzisa i-akhawunti eyodwa yebhange egameni lakho; uma usebenzisa umzali, thola incwadi yemvume nesiqinisekiso sokuzalwa.
  • Ukwaziswa okuthathiwe nge CAS: Igama, usuku lokuzalwa, noma inani lepasi lokungena elingafanelani. Ukubuyisa:[ hlola isiphambano se-CAS yakho ngokumelene ne-passeport yakho ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise.
  • Ukuhlolwa kwesiNgisi: uthatha uhlobo lwemfundo oluvamile lwe-IELTS esikhundleni se-IELTS ye-UKVI. Umbuzo:[ Incwadi kuphela ye-UKVI-acligist SeLTs ngokwezinjongo zevisa.
  • Uhlelo olusemthethweni: Sebenzisa kungaphansi kwezinyanga ezintathu ngaphambi kokuba uqale umsebenzi wakho. Ukulungiswa Lusebenzisa ngokushesha uma uthola i-CAS yakho, ngokufanelekile izinyanga ezingu-4-5 ezingaphambili. Izikhathi zokuhlelwa zinganwebeka ehlobo.
  • Isigaba se-unigture elungile: Ukufaka imvume yokutadisha yesikhashana uma udinga ivisa yabafundi, noma i-pane. Ukubuyisela:[ qinisekisa nenhlangano yakho ukuthi i-visa idingani.
  • ungasho ukwenqaba kwangaphambili: Ukuqamba amanga noma ukuhluleka ukusho ukwenqaba kwemvume yangaphambili kunoma yiliphi izwe kuholela ekwanqabeni okuzenzekelayo. Ukukhululeka:[ Thembeka ngokugcwele emlandweni wakho wendlela yokusebenza.

Isiphetho: Lungiselela Ngokucophelela Futhi Ufune Iseluleko Sochwepheshe Uma Kudingeka

Ukufaka isicelo seUK Tier 4 Students Visa ngo-2024 kudinga ukulungiselela ngokucophelela. Qala kuqala, qoqa imibhalo eqondile, futhi uqonde imithetho eqondile esebenza ngokobuzwe bakho nangendlela osebenza ngayo. Nakuba ungayisebenzisa ngokwakho, izikhalo eziningi ziyazuza ngokuthintana nomeluleki olawulwayo wezokufuduka (izinga 1 noma ngaphezulu) noma ummeli, ikakhulukazi ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi njengokwenqaba kwangaphambili, ukungahleleki kwezimali, noma lapho uletha izikhundla.

Khumbula, i-UK Home Office ihlaziya isiqondiso sayo njalo. Njalo hlola ikhasi eliyi-vsations yokwaziswa kwamanje kakhulu. Ngokuhlela ngokucophelela nangokunaka imininingwane, ungahlangana nezinkulungwane zabafundi bomhlaba wonke abaqala ngokuphumelelayo uhambo lwabo lwemfundo ye-UK unyaka ngamunye.