Table of Contents

Emiphakathini yentando yeningi emhlabeni wonke, ikhono lezintatheli lokubika ngokukhululekile ezindabeni zomphakathi ezithakazelisayo liyisibonakaliso esibucayi sentando yeningi. Nokho iphephandaba elikhululekile aliwona umthwalo wemfanelo wezinhlangano zezindaba nezokuxhumana − kudinga ukuhlanganyela okukhuthele kwezakhamuzi ngokwazo. Uma abantu behlanganyela ngokunenjongo ngemithombo yezindaba, basiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imibono ehlukahlukene iyamelelwa, iphethe izisekelo zokubusa kwentando yeningi, futhi iqinise izisekelo ezibanzi. Lesiqondiso esibanzi asikho ukuhlola izinyathelo eziwusizo izakhamuzi ezingathatha ukuze zihlanganyele futhi zisekele imithombo yezindaba ekhululekile, futhi ifaka igalelo endaweni enempilo yanoma yimuphi umuntu.

Ukuqonda Indima Yezakhamuzi Ezingeni Lezindaba Elikhululekile

Izindaba ezikhululekile zingazisa izakhamuzi ngempumelelo noma ukwehluleka kwabaholi bazo, zidlulisa izidingo nezifiso zabantu ezibuthweni zikahulumeni, futhi zinikeze indawo yokuqondisa ukudluliswa kokwaziswa nemibono obala. Nokho, lomsebenzi obalulekile uxhomeke kokwengeziwe nje ezivikelweni zomthetho-sisekelo nasebuqothweni bamaphephandaba. Izakhamuzi kumelwe zisebenzise amathuluzi eziwanikezwayo: ukubuza imibuzo, ukuphamba, ukusekela i-methonsi ekhululekile, nokuvota, okungezona izenzo ezincane; abantu bahlala bephethe ngohulumeni wabo.

Ukuhlanganyela kwezombangazwe nomphakathi kubaluleke kakhulu ekubusweni kwentando yeningi, umthetho, ukuhlanganiswa kwezenhlalo nokuthuthukiswa kwezomnotho, kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwawo wonke amalungelo abantu. Uma izakhamuzi zihlanganyela ngokuzikhandla nemithombo yezindaba − noma ikuphika kabi, ngokusekela iziphakamiso ezizimele, noma ukunikela amazwi azo siqu − zihlanganyela enqubweni yentando yeningi ngokwayo. Lamalungelo ahlangene ngokuhlukahlukaniswe namalungelo abantu njengamalungelo enhlangano enokuthula, inkululeko yokucabanga, yenkulumo namalungelo emfundo nakulwazini.

Ukuthuthukisa Amakhono Okucabanga Nawokubhala

Isisekelo sokuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi ngokuphumelelayo ephepheni elikhululekile siqala ngokuthuthukisa ikhono elinamandla lokufunda nokuhlaziya izinto.

Kuyini Ukufunda Ezokuxhumana?

Izindaba zikwazi ukuhlaziya, ukuhlaziya nokuchaza ukwaziswa okukhishwa emithonjeni yezindaba. Kuhilela ukuqonda indlela izindaba ezikhiqizwa ngayo, ukuhlukanisa nokwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kweqiniso nombono. Ezweni lethu lanamuhla, lapho ukwaziswa kutholakala khona ngokushesha futhi kushintsha njalo, ulwazi lwezindaba luye lwaba ikhono elibalulekile kubantu babo bonke ubudala lokuhlola imithombo yezindaba futhi benze izinqumo ezisekelwe olwazini.

I-media nokubhala inendima ebalulekile ekuhlomeleni abafundi ngamakhono okucabanga agxekayo ukuze bahlole okuqukethwe yimithombo yezindaba, baqaphele ubandlululo, futhi baqonde ukwaziswa okuthembekile emangeni. Leli khono elibekwe lidlulela ngalé kwezimiso zemfundo zakudala − liyi-intshi ethatha isikhathi eside enziwa isakhamuzi ngasinye ukuba siqhubeke sithuthukisa futhi sicwengisise.

Amakhono Okucabanga Abucayi Okucatshangelwa Kwezindaba

Ukucabanga okubucayi kuyisici esiyinhloko sokufunda izindaba, njengoba kuvumela abantu ukuba bahlole ukunemba nokuthembeka kwemithombo yezindaba, baphawule ubandlululo nokwaziswa okunganembile, futhi benze izinqumo eziqondile. Amakhono amaningana akhethekile akha isisekelo sokusetshenziswa kwezindaba okugxeka:

Umthombo wokulinganisa: Ikhono elibalulekile lokucabanga elisekela ukufunda imithombo yezindaba ikhono lokuhlola imithombo. Ezweni lanamuhla, lapho noma ubani engasakaza khona ulwazi kuyi-inthanethi, kubalulekile ukukwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwemithombo ethembekile naleyo engenakwethenjelwa. Lokhu kusho ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwemithombo eyinhloko neyamuva, ukuqaphela uma umthombo uthambekele noma ungenakwethenjelwa, nokuhlola izimpawu zombhali noma ummemezeli.

Ukwaziswa okunencazelo eqinile: ikhono lokucabanga elibucayi elisekela ukufunda izindaba ikhono lokuhlaziya ukwaziswa. Lokhu kuhilela ukuhlukanisa ukwaziswa okuyinkimbinkimbi ezingxenyeni zakho, ukulinganisa ubufakazi obunikezwayo, nokucabangela imiphumela yokwaziswa. Lapho izibalo noma ukwaziswa kusezihlokoni zezindaba, izakhamuzi kufanele zihlole inqubo, isilinganiso, nokubaluleka kwendaba exoxwayo.

Ukuhlukanisa: Yonke imithombo yezindaba isebenza ngokwemibono ethile, futhi imithombo yezindaba ingaba nobandlululo olusekelwe ezindinganisweni zezombangazwe noma zezenhlalo, izithakazelo zemali, noma imibono yomuntu siqu. Ukuqaphela lokhu bandlululo akusho ukulahla umthombo ngokuphelele, kodwa kunalokho ukuqonda ilens okunikezwa ngayo ukwaziswa.

Izindlela Eziwusizo Zokuhlola Iqiniso Nokuqinisekisa

Ngaphandle kwamakhono okucabanga avamile agxekayo, izakhamuzi zingasebenzisa izindlela eziqondile ukuze ziqiniseke ngokwaziswa futhi zilwe nokungaqondi kahle:

  • Ulwazi oluthandwayo ngaphesheya kwemithombo eminingi enedumela elihle ngaphambi kokwamukela njengeqiniso
  • Hlola incwadi ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ukwaziswa kuyasebenza manje futhi kuyafaneleka
  • Hlola incazelo yombhali nobuchwepheshe bakhe endabeni yendaba
  • Funa imikhomo nemithombo yokuqala yokwaziswa noma yezingcaphuno
  • Sebenzisa amawebhusayithi okuhlola iqiniso njenge-QickCheck.org, Snopes, noma PritiFact ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi lokho okushiwoyo akunasiqiniseko
  • Ungabaze izihloko ezivusa amadlingozi ezibonakala ziklanyelwe ukuvusa imizwelo
  • Hlola izithombe nama - video ukuze uthole izimpawu zokusebenzisa kabi noma ukudukisa umongo

Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukusakazeka kokwaziswa okunganembile nokungahambisani, kokubili okungaba nemiphumela engathi sína, njengokusakaza ukwaziswa okungamanga ngempilo, ngokhetho, noma ngezindaba zezenhlalo. Amakhono okufunda asemashayeleni angasiza abafundi ukuba baqaphele ukubika noma ukuhlanganyela okubi, futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokunqanda ukusakazeka kwabo.

Ukwakha Imikhuba Yokufunda Ngezinto Ezidayiswayo

Ukuthuthukisa ukufunda imithombo yezindaba kuyinqubo eqhubekayo edinga umkhuba ongaguquguquki. Izakhamuzi zingakha lamakhono ngezindlela eziningana:

I-Diet Your News Diet: Izindaba ezifihlwayo ezivela emithonjeni eminingi emelela imibono ehlukene nezindlela zomhleli. Lokhu kukusiza ukuba uqonde ukuthi isenzakalo esifanayo singahlelwa kanjani ngokuhlukile futhi sithuthukise ikhono lakho lokubona ubandlululo nokhetho lomhleli.

Ukusebenzisa i-Media Literacy Resources:[ Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza imithombo yamahhala yokusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zithuthukise lamakhono. I- News Literacy Project, First Dift, ne-Medipwie inikeza izinto zokufundisa, amashabhu, namathuluzi okuhlola izindaba nokwaziswa.

Prakthiza i-Lateral Readding: Kunokuba ufunde ngokujulile emthonjeni owodwa ngaphambi kokuyihlaziya, vula ama-tab amasha ama-at ukucwaninga umthombo ngokwawo, umlobi, kanye nokuzisholo okuyenziwayo. Lendlela, esetshenziswa abaqaphi abahlola amaqiniso abangochwepheshe, ikusiza ukuba usheshe uhlole ukwethenjelwa.

Quetion Your Any Biases: Sonke sinobandlululo oluqinisekisayo [1] ukuthambekela ekusekeleni ukwaziswa okuqinisekisa izinkolelo zethu ezikhona. Hlomela ukubika kahle okuphikisa imicabango yakho futhi uzimisele ukuvuselela ukuqonda kwakho okusekelwe ebufakazini.

Ukusekela Ukuzibusa Nemithombo Yezindaba Ephambili

Enye yezindlela eziqondile izakhamuzi ezingahlanganyela ngazo ekulondolozeni imithombo yezindaba ekhululekile iwukusekela imithombo yezindaba ephambili ngokwezimali nasemphakathini, ikakhulukazi imithombo yezindaba ezimele engase intuleke imithombo yezezindaba emikhulu.

Okwenza Ukuba Kube Nezindaba Ezizimele

Inkululeko yemithombo yezindaba ibilokhu iwohloka emhlabeni wonke phakathi neshumi leminyaka elidlule. Ngisho nakwabanye bemibuso ebusa ngentando yeningi enethonya elikhulu emhlabeni, abaholi bezikhulu baye baqondisa imizamo ehlangene yokuguqula ukuzimela kwemithombo yezindaba. Kulokhu, izimemezelo zokuzimela kwemithombo yezindaba zifeza indima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni imibono ehlukahlukene nasekugcineni amandla enecala.

Izinhlangano zamaphephandaba ezizimele zivame ukugxila ekubikeni ngophenya, ukusakazwa kwezindaba zendawo, kanye nemiphakathi eye yabhekana nezimo zezentengiselwano zezezindaba ezingokwesiko ziye zashikashikana. Lezi zikhangiso zivame ukusebenza ngezimali eziqinile futhi zithembele kakhulu ekusekeleni abafundi ukuze baqhubeke nomsebenzi wabo.

Izinketho zokusekela ngokwezimali

Izakhamuzi zingasekela ukusakazwa kwezindaba ezinhle ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ezingokwezimali:

Ukubhalwa kwemidwebo nezindawo: Izinhlangano eziningi zezindaba manje zinikeza izikhokhelo zenombolo noma izinhlelo zamalungu. Ngokukhokhela izindaba, nisekela ngokuqondile izintatheli, abahleli, nezisebenzi ezizikhiqizayo. Cabangela ukubhalisela ingxube yezindawo zesizwe nezindawo ukusekela amaphephandaba ngamazinga amaningi.

Izivumelwano kuNonpilor News Organizations: Izikhangiso zezindaba eziphezulu ezisebenza njengenzuzo engakhi, kuhlanganise nePublica, iMarshall Project, kanye namakhulu amagumbi ezindaba okuhlola endawo. Iminikelo kulezizinhlangano ivame ukukhokhelwa intela futhi ikhokhelwe ngokuqondile.

Ukufuna iMikhakha Ekhethekile: Ezinye izintatheli nezinhlangano zezindaba zisebenzisa amapulatifomu anjenge-Kickastar noma i-Patrion ukuxhasa imisebenzi ethile yophengululo noma ukuhlanganisa okuqhubekayo. Lokhu kuvumela izakhamuzi ukuba zisekele ngokuqondile umbiko wezindaba ngezihloko ezizikhathalelayo.

Ukuthumela imithombo yomphakathi:[ iziteshi zomphakathi nethelevishini kunikeza isaziso esibalulekile sezindaba, ikakhulukazi emiphakathini yendawo. Ukunikela esiteshini se-NPR sendawo yakini noma i-PBS kusiza ekusekeleni lo mcebo obalulekile.

Izindlela Ezingezona Ezingokwezimali Zokusekela Imithombo Yezindaba Ephambili

Akubona bonke abantu abakwazi ukukhokhela izikhangiso zezindaba eziningi, kodwa kunezinye izindlela eziningi zokusekela amaphephandaba anezinga eliphezulu:

  • Hlanganisa izihloko ezibikwa kahle zezokuxhumana nokuhlaziya okunengqondo ngokuthi kungani izindaba zibikwa
  • Imithombo yezindaba esezingeni eliphezulu kubangane, emkhayeni, nakubangane
  • Yiba khona ezikhathini zomsebenzi wokudayisa, emahholo amadolobha noma emphakathini ogcwele izinhlangano zezindaba
  • Nikeza amazwi azwakalayo ezintatheli nakubahleli lapho uyazisa umsebenzi wabo
  • Yimelela futhi unyathelise inkululeko ezingxoxweni nasemithonjeni yezindaba
  • Abameleli bezimiso ezisekela ukubhalisa imibiko yezindaba, njengezikweletu zentela zezikhokhelo zezindaba zendawo noma ukuxhasa imithombo yezindaba yomphakathi

Ukusebenzelana Ngokuzikhandla NoMdali Nemithombo Yezindaba

Izindaba ezikhululekile zichuma engxoxweni phakathi kwezintatheli nemiphakathi ezikhonza kuyo. Izakhamuzi zingaqinisa lobu buhlobo ngokuthembisana ngokuzikhandla nangokukha nabasunguli bemithombo yezindaba.

Ukunikeza Inzuzo Eyakhayo

Izintatheli nabahleli bazisa ukuzwa izigijimi zabo, ikakhulukazi uma ziqonde futhi zinolwazi. Uma uqaphela iphutha, unemibuzo mayelana nokuhlanganisa, noma ufuna ukusikisela umqondo wendaba, funa ukufinyelela ngokuqondile:

  • Thumela ama-imeyili kubacosheli noma kubahleli ngezinguquko eziqondile, eziyiqiniso noma umongo owengeziwe
  • Sebenzisa imithombo yezindaba ukuze uhlanganyele ngenhlonipho nezintatheli ngokubika kwazo
  • Hlanganyela izingxenye eziphendulayo ngokucabangisisa, wenezela ukubaluleka engxoxweni kunokumane uphendule
  • Yiba khona emahholo amadolobha noma emihlanganweni yomphakathi eqhutshwa izinhlangano zezindaba ukuze uhlanganyele umbono wakho
  • Gcwalisa ukuhlola kwabafundi lapho izinhlangano zezindaba zicela ukuzwa okuthile ngokusingatha izinto eziza kuqala

Lapho unikeza impendulo, gxila entweni ebikwayo kunokuba uhlasele intatheli.

Ukunikela Ezwini Lakho Nekhono Lakho

Izakhamuzi akudingeki zibe izintatheli ezingochwepheshe ukuze zibe neqhaza ezintweni eziphila ezindabeni. Amathuba amaningi akhona ukuze abantu baxoxe ngolwazi lwabo, okuhlangenwe nakho, nangemibono yabo:

Izincwadi zemvume kuMhleli no-Op-Eds: Amaphephandaba amaningi namawebhusayithi ezindaba amukela izincwadi eziya kumhleli nakumalungu omphakathi. Leminikelo ikuvumela ukuba uphendule ekuhlanganiseni, uhlanganyele umbono wakho ngezindaba, noma uletha ukunakekela ezihlokweni ezinganakwayo.

Umthombo wabezindaba: Uma unolwazi emkhakheni othile noma okuhlangenwe nakho okuqondile okuhlanganiswayo, cabangela ukuzama ukufinyelela izintatheli njengomthombo ongase ube khona. Izintatheli eziningi zilondoloza uhlu lochwepheshe bomphakathi ezingabuza izindaba ezihlukahlukene.

ICitazen Journalism: [i-medium yobuchwepheshe ilondoloza izindinganiso ezibalulekile nezimiso zokuziphatha, izakhamuzi zinganikela ukubika okuwusizo, ikakhulukazi ngezindaba zendawo noma imiphakathi engase inganakwa. Lokhu kungahlanganisa ukubhala izenzakalo zomphakathi, ukubika ngemihlangano kahulumeni wendawo, noma ukuxoxa ngezenzakalo ezibalulekile.

Izinhlangano zezindaba zinezinhlelo ezihleliwe zamalungu omphakathi ukuba anikele ukubika noma imibono evela ezindaweni zawo noma ezindaweni zobuchwepheshe. Lezinhlelo zinikeza ukuqeqeshwa nokusekela komhleli lapho zisandisa ukuhlanganisa.

Ukuhlanganyela Enkulumweni Yeningi

Ukuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi kuqondwa kabanzi njengenqubo encike ezimisweni eziningana zezenhlalo eziyisisekelo, kuhlanganise nokuxhumana komphakathi, ubuhlobo bomuntu siqu, nokusebenzelana kwezombangazwe. Ukukhulumisana kubhekwa njengokugxeka emfundisweni yezombangazwe, njengoba kuvumela ukusakazeka kwemibono phakathi kwezakhamuzi, kuzenze zikwazi ukuveza ukucabanga kwazo, zithuthukise ukwahlulela kwazo, futhi ngaleyondlela zakhe iqembu elifunayo.

Izakhamuzi zingahlanganyela kule nkulumo yeningi ngokuthi:

  • Ukuxoxa ngezinto ezishiwo izindaba nangezenzakalo zamuva nabangane, umkhaya nozakwabo
  • Ukuhlanganyela ezingosini zomhlangano nasezingxoxweni ze - Internet kwakugxile ezindabeni zomphakathi
  • Ukuya emaholidini, emahholo amadolobha, nasemihlanganweni yeningi
  • Ukuhlanganyela imibono ehlukahlukene nokukhuthaza abanye ukuba bacabangele imibono eminingi
  • Ukulingisa ukungezwani okunenhlonipho nempikiswano esekelwe ebufakazini

Ukuthuthukisa Ukufunda Imithombo Yezindaba Emphakathini Wakini

Ukufunda kwemithombo yezindaba kubalulekile, kodwa izakhamuzi zingandisa ithonya lazo ngokusiza abanye ukuba babe nala makhono abalulekile.

Izinyathelo Zokufundisa

Izakhamuzi zingasekela noma zihlele izinhlelo zemfundo zokwakha ukufunda nokubhala emiphakathini yazo:

Izinhlelo ze-School:[ Ummeleli wokufundisa ukufundela ukuthengwa kwezindaba ezikoleni zendawo. Zizimisele ukukhuluma namakilasi ngokuhlola imithombo yezindaba, noma ukusekela othisha abafaka lamakhono ezifundweni zabo. Izikole eziningi azinazo izimali zokufundisa imfundo yolwazi olubanzi, futhi ukusekela komphakathi kungaveza umehluko omkhulu.

Izinhlelo zomphakathi: imitapo yomphakathi inikeza amashabhu okufunda nemithombo yezindaba. Sekela lezi zinyathelo ngokuya ezimisweni, ngokusikisela izihloko, noma ngokuvuma ukusiza ekuhleleni izenzakalo.

[ Izikhungo zomsebenzi ezihlangene: hlela noma uhambe eshabhuni eligxile emakhonweni okufunda ezokuxhumana. Lokhu kungahlasela amaqembu athile, njengasebekhulile abangase babe sengozini enkulu yokuthola ukwaziswa okunganembile kuyi-intanethi, noma abazali abafuna ukusiza izingane zabo ukuba zisebenzise iziteshi zezokuxhumana.

Ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi: ukhuthaza umqashi wakho ukuba anikeze ukuqeqeshwa kokufunda emithonjeni yezindaba njengengxenye yentuthuko yobuchwepheshe. Esikhathini sokudukiswa, lamakhono awusizo cishe kuyo yonke imisebenzi.

Umkhaya Nomphakathi

Enye yemfundo ebaluleke kakhulu yemithombo yezindaba yokufunda nokubhala ivela ngokwethukela:

  • Xoxa ngezindaba namalungu omkhaya, ukhangise ukucabanga okugxekayo ngokubuza imibuzo ngemithombo, ubufakazi, nobandlululo
  • Siza izihlobo esezikhulile zibone izimpawu ezivamile zokukhohliswa nokukhohliswa
  • Khuthaza intsha ukuba ingabaze ukuthi ikubona kuphi kuyi - Internet futhi ihlole ukwaziswa ngaphambi kokuba ixoxe nabanye
  • Hlanganisa izinto ezinokwethenjelwa ozifaka engosini yokuxhumana nabantu
  • Lapho ubona ukwaziswa okunganembile kuhlanganyelwa, kulungise ngesineke ngokwaziswa nemithombo enembile

Ukwakha Nokuhlanganyela Imithombo Yengcebo

Izakhamuzi ezinolwazi oluthile noma ezithanda ukufunda izinto zezindaba zingakha izinto eziwusizo ekusizeni abanye:

  • Hlakulela iziyalezo noma uhlu olulula lokuhlola imithombo yezindaba
  • Uhlu oluqinile lwemithombo yezindaba enokwethenjelwa namathuluzi okuhlola amaqiniso
  • Yenza izinto ezikhuthaza ukufunda nokubhala ezingosini zezokuxhumana
  • Bhala izigqebhezana noma izihloko ezikhuluma ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho nangokuqonda okuphathelene nokufundwa kwezindaba
  • Yenza ama - video noma ama - podcoption axoxe ngezihloko ezikhuluma ngokufunda ezingeni elifinyelelekayo

Ukuvikela Inkululeko Yezindaba Namalungelo Ezintatheli

Inkululeko House isiza izintatheli ukuba zilwe, kuhlanganise nalabo abahlola ukonakala nokusetshenziswa kabi kwamandla, kodwa izakhamuzi zifeza nendima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni lokhu.

Ukuqonda Kusongela Inkululeko

Inkululeko yokunyathelisa ibhekene nezinselele eziningi kule nkathi yanamuhla:

  • Ukusongela ngokomzimba nobudlova ezintathelini
  • Ukuhlukunyezwa okungokomthetho ngenxa yamacala angenangqondo noma amacala obugebengu
  • Ukucindezela kwezomnotho ngokukhangisa noma ngokuqinisa ubunikazi
  • Ukuhlaselwa ngemishini kuhlanganise nokugawulwa, ukuhlinzwa, nokuhlelwa kwemikhankaso yokuhlukunyezwa
  • Ukuhloliswa kukahulumeni nemingcele ekutholeni ukwaziswa
  • Ukuncipha kokwethembana komphakathi ngemikhankaso ehlangene yokungahambisani nokwaziswa

Izakhamuzi Zingathatha Izenzo

Lapho inkululeko yokuxhumana isongelwa, izakhamuzi zingasabela ngezindlela eziningana:

Khuluma:[ Lapho izintatheli zibhekene nokuhlukunyezwa, ukusongelwa, noma isenzo somthetho esingalungile, ukusekela izindaba zomphakathi. Xoxa ngalamacala, ukuxhumana nezikhulu ezikhethiwe ukuze zizwakalise ukukhathazeka, nokuhlanganyela emikhankasweni esekela inkululeko yezindaba.

Iqembu le-Support Press Freedom Organizations: Amaqembu anjengeKomiti yokuvikela abacosheli bamaphephandaba, intatheli ezingenamidangelwa, iNdlu yenkululeko, nenkululeko yomsebenzi wePress Foundation ukuze kuvikelwe izintatheli nenkululeko emhlabeni wonke. Sekela umsebenzi wabo ngeminikelo, ngeminikelo yokuzithandela, noma ngokundisa imikhankaso yazo.

Advocate for Legial Providetion: imithetho esekela imithombo yezintatheli, ephikisa i-SLAP (Umthetho othathelwa phambili u-Attut Against Public Guatiation) amasuti aklanyelwe ukuthulisa ukubika, nokusekela imithetho eqinisekisa ukutholakala komphakathi elwazini lukahulumeni.

Izibalo ezihlasela amaphephandaba: Lapho izibalo zomphakathi zihlasela izindaba noma izintatheli ngazinye, zikhuluma ngokuvikela indima ye-messagesism ekubuseni ngentando yeningi. Lokhu akusho ukuvikela zonke izihlokwana noma intatheli ngokungagxeki, kodwa kunalokho kuvikela isimiso sekhono lezindaba ezikhululekile nelezintatheli ukwenza umsebenzi wabo ngaphandle kokwesabisa.

Ubuchwepheshe Obuhlasimulisayo Namathuluzi Emishini

Ukuqonda indlela yokusebenzisa amathuluzi asebenza ngemishini yobuchwepheshe kushintshe izinselele namathuba okuba isakhamuzi sihlanganyele emaphepheni akhululekile.

Amasu Emithombo Yezindaba Ezenhlalo

Ama - computer aseyizindlela eziyinhloko zokusakaza izindaba, kodwa futhi aveza izinselele ezihlobene nokuqanjwa kabi nokuhlukaniswa kwabantu. Izakhamuzi zingawasebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo la mapulatifomu:

  • Hlanganyelani izindaba eziphambili esikhundleni sokubhala nje izihloko zezindaba noma ukufushaniswa
  • Faka umongo lapho uxoxa ngezihloko zezindaba, uchaza ukuthi kungani le ndaba inendaba
  • Qikelela ukwaziswa ngaphambi kokuba uhlanganyele, ikakhulukazi uma kuvusa imizwelo enamandla
  • Yiba nekhono lokuphendula, uthuthukise ukwaziswa nombono kunokuba umane nje uthathe isinyathelo
  • Umbiko onganembile nezinto eziyingozi ezikuqukethe kubaqondisi bezindawo zasesiteji
  • Landela imithombo ehlukahlukene ukuze ugweme amagumbi okunanela
  • Sebenzisa izikhathi zomuntu siqu futhi uqaphele indlela iziteshi ezisebenzisa ngayo ukwaziswa kwakho

Amathuluzi Ezindaba Asetshenziswa Ezingobuchwepheshe

Amathuluzi amaningi asebenza ngomshini angasiza izakhamuzi ukuba zisebenzise izindaba ngokuphumelelayo:

New Aggregator:[ Izisekelo ezinjenge Fhipboard, ngokufushanisiwe, noma i Apple News ikuvumela ukuba usebenzise imithombo yezindaba ephuma emithonjeni eminingi, ikusiza ukuba ulondoloze ukudla okuhlukahlukene kwezindaba.

[[IZINGA-SAKY] Izithasiselo-ezilungile: Izithasiselo zesiyaluzi njenge- NewsGuard noma i-inVID unixcote transfer transfer transfer tooltifit is sescheme sescheme semithombo futhi sihlole izithombe namavidiyo.

RS bafundi:[ RS ikunika ithuba lokulandela imithombo yezindaba ngokuqondile ngaphandle kokuhluza komthetho-mthetho, ikunika ukulawula okwengeziwe kulokho okubonayo.

Amathuluzi engosi: Izisekelo ezinjenge-Internet Wayback Machine ikuvumela ukuba ungenele izinguqulo zebhusayithi zesikhathi esidlule, ezisiza ekulandeleni indlela izindaba eziqala ngayo noma eziqinisekisa ngayo ukuthi yini ebikeziwe ngaphambili.

Ukuqonda Izakhi Zomzimba Ezinamandla

Ukucwaninga ngezindawo zokuhlela izenhlalo kubonisa ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwemithetho yezobuchwepheshe, izinhlelo zenethiwekhi, kanye nokubonakala kokuqukethwe kushintsha izimo lapho ukuxhumana kwezombangazwe kwenzeka khona. Ukuvela kwenkulumo - ze yokubala, amagumbi okucosha, kanye namaqoqo okuhluza akhanyisa kuye kwabangela ukuqashelwa kokuthi izakhiwo zemishini zithinta kanjani izinga nezinhlobonhlobo zenkulumo yezombangazwe.

Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezinamandla kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zikwazi ukusebenzisa kahle imithombo yezindaba.

  • Imithetho yomthetho ibeka kuqala ukunemba, ngokuvamile ikhuthaza izinto ezivusa inkanuko noma ezihlukanisayo
  • Ukudla kwenu kwezokuxhumana akusho ukuthi ningabameleli bombono womphakathi obanzi
  • Imishini ye - platform yenza imali ongayinaka, engase ivumelane nentando yakho njengesakhamuzi
  • Amagumbi okuxhumana angakha ngokwemvelo ngemiphumela yenethiwekhi nangendlela yokuqinisa

Ukuhlanganyela Ezezindaba Zendawo Nezomphakathi

Nakuba izindaba zezwe nezizwe zidonsa ukunakekela okukhulu, ukusakaza amaphephandaba endaweni kuyisisekelo sokuhlanganyela komphakathi ngolwazi futhi kuye kwaba nzima kakhulu ngezinselele zezomnotho ezibhekene nemboni yezindaba.

Ukubaluleka Kwezindaba Zendawo

Izindaba zendawo zihlanganisa imikhandlu yamadolobha, izinkundla zesikole, izinkantolo zendawo, kanye nomphakathi othinta ngokuqondile ukuphila kwezakhamuzi zansuku zonke. Lokhu kulandisa kubalulekile ekulandiseni komphakathi nokuhlanganyela komphakathi, kodwa imiphakathi eminingi iye yaba "izingwadule ezintsha" njengoba amaphephandaba endawo evala noma enciphisa kakhulu ukuhlanganiswa.

Ukusekela I - Journal Yasendaweni

Izakhamuzi zingathatha izinyathelo eziqondile zokusekela izindaba zendawo:

  • Zibophelele kuwebhusayithi yezindaba noma yephephandaba lakini
  • Yiba khona emihlanganweni kahulumeni yendawo futhi uhlanganyele ukwaziswa nomphakathi wakini
  • Sekela ukuqalwa kwezindaba endaweni yakini okungazuzisi
  • Zivolontiye emsakazweni noma eziteshini zethelevishini zomphakathi
  • Nikeza amacebiso ezindaba zendawo kubacosheli bezindaba abahlanganisa umphakathi wakini
  • Abameleli bezindaba zendawo ezingxoxweni nabaholi bomphakathi nabaphathi abakhethiwe

Ukuhlanganyela Kwemithombo Yezindaba Yomphakathi

Imiphakathi eminingi inamathuba okuhlanganyela ngokuqondile ekudalweni kwemithombo yezindaba:

Umsakazo wekhommuni: Iziteshi zomsakazo zomphakathi zivame ukwamukela izisebenzi zokuzithandela ukuze zenze izinhlelo, zinikeze ukuhlaziya, noma usizo ngemisebenzi yesiteshi.

Izinhlelo ze-Public Access Television:[ Izimiso eziningi zekhebula zihlanganisa iziteshi zokungena zomphakathi lapho amalungu omphakathi angaveza khona izinhlelo zezindiza.

Ukubukana namaphepha-ndaba: amathuluzi enombolo enza kube lula kunanini ngaphambili ukwakha imithombo yezindaba yendawo. Cabangela ukuqala noma ukunikela engosini yezincwadi yangakini noma ipheshana elihlanganisa izindaba zendawo.

[ I-communiny News Cooperatives:[ Eminye imiphakathi iye yakha izinhlangano zezindaba ezibambisanayo lapho amalungu enikela khona kokubili ngokwezimali nangokuhlanganyela ezinqumweni zokuhlanganisa ngisho nasekubikeni.

Ukuqonda Amalungelo Nemithwalo Yakho Yemfanelo

Ukuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo ephepheni elikhululekile kudinga ukuqonda kokubili amalungelo akho njengesakhamuzi nemithwalo yakho yemfanelo ezintweni eziphilayo.

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala Namalungelo Okulinganiselwa

Abasunguli besizwe sethu babeqiniseka kakhulu ngesidingo sezakhamuzi sokwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa ukuze babe abavoti abanolwazi kangangokuba bafaka inkululeko yezindaba eSichibiyelweni Sokuqala, bagunyaza cishe iminyaka engu-60 ngemva kokuqulwa kwecala likaZenger, ngo-1791. Lesivikelo somthetho-sisekelo sidlulela ezakhamuzini kanye nasezintathelini ezingochwepheshe.

Ukuqonda lamalungelo kuhlanganisa ukwazi:

  • Ilungelo lakho lokuthola imihlangano yomphakathi namarekhodi kahulumeni
  • Ilungelo lakho lokuthwebula izithombe nokwenza amarekhodi ezindaweni zomphakathi
  • Ilungelo lakho lokuveza imibono futhi uhlanganyele nabanye ukwaziswa
  • Ukulinganiselwa kwalamalungelo, kuhlanganise nemithetho emelene nokuhlanjalazwa, ukuhlaselwa kwezindaba zomuntu siqu, nokuncishiswa komgunyathi
  • Umehluko phakathi kokucusumbulwa kukahulumeni (ngokuvamile okunqatshelwe) nokulinganisela endaweni yangasese (ngokuvamile okuvunyelwe)

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Ebalulekile

Ilungelo lokuhlanganyela enkulumweni yeningi lihambisana nomthwalo wemfanelo wokwenza kanjalo ngokwezindinganiso:

Accuritura: Yenza imizamo enengqondo ukuqinisekisa ukwaziswa ngaphambi kokukuhlanganyela. Uma uthola ukuthi wabelane okuthile okungalungile, kulungise ngokushesha.

[[QULT: 0] Umehluko: cacisa ubandlululo lwakho, izingxabano zesithakazelo, nokulinganiselwa kolwazi. Uma uhlanganyela umbono kunokuba uqonde, yenza lowomehluko ucace.

Inhlonipho: Ukuhlanganyela enkulumweni yeningi ngenhlonipho, ngisho nalapho ungavumelani kakhulu. Ukuhlasela komuntu siqu nokuhlukunyezwa kululaza ingxoxo ekhiqizayo.

Privtacy:[ Hlonipha izindaba zomuntu siqu zabanye, ikakhulukazi kubantu abangakhethanga ukuba izingxenyana zomphakathi. Yiba nomqondo ngokuhlanganyela ukwaziswa komuntu siqu noma izithombe zabanye.

common: [u-aknome] lapho uhlanganyela ulwazi, nikeza abanye umongo owanele ukuba baqonde ngokunembile. Gwema ukuthatha izingcaphuno noma izithombe nge-mongo ngezindlela ezidukisayo.

Ukuhlala Uthandana Nesikhathi Eside

Ukuxosha kuyinto yangempela, kodwa akunqunywa. Uma izinhlangano nezakhamuzi zisebenza ndawonye, amandla omphakathi ayabuya. Ukuhlanganyela ephepheni elikhululekile akusona isenzo esisodwa kodwa isibopho esiqhubekayo. Nakhu amasu okusekela ukuthembisana kwenu:

Ukwakha Imikhuba Esekelayo

Kunokuba uzame ukulandela zonke izindaba noma ukuhileleka kuzo zonke izindaba, hlakulela imikhuba eqinile:

  • Beka eceleni izikhathi ezithile zokusetshenziswa kwezindaba kunokuhlola njalo izinto ezibhalwe phansi
  • Gxila ezindabeni ezimbalwa ozikhathalela ngokujulile kunokuba uzame ukuhlala wazi ngazo zonke izinto
  • Linganisa izindaba zezwe nezamazwe ngamazwe nezindaba zendawo
  • Ungasibali ikhefu ezindabeni nasezokuxhumana lapho kudingeka ugweme ukutubeka
  • Thola izindlela zokuthatha isinyathelo ezindabeni ozikhathalelayo, ezingasiza ekulweni nemizwa yokungabi nalusizo

Ukuxhumana Nabanye

Ukuhlanganyela ephepheni lamahhala kuyasekelwa futhi kuphumelele ngokwengeziwe lapho kunyatheliswa emphakathini:

  • Hlanganyela noma wakhe iqembu lezingxoxo zezindaba ukuze uqonde izinto ezifanayo
  • Ukuhlanganyela ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi kwakugxile ezindabeni enizikhathalelayo
  • Yiba khona emagcekeni nasemahholo edolobha
  • Hlanganyela nabanye abazimisele njengawe ukufunda nokubhala nenkululeko yokunyathelisa
  • Intsha ethanda ukuthuthukisa amakhono agxekayo okusebenzisa imithombo yezindaba

Ukuqhubeka Nemfundo

Imithombo yezindaba iyaqhubeka iguquka, idinga ukufunda okuqhubekayo:

  • Hlala wazi ngeziteshi ezintsha, ubuchwepheshe nezinselele ezisemthonjeni wezindaba
  • Ezindaweni zokusebenzela noma ezingosini zokufunda nokubhala emithonjeni yezindaba nasemaphephandabeni
  • Funda izincwadi nezihloko ezikhuluma ngokuthola amaphephandaba, imithombo yezindaba nentando yeningi
  • Funda abagxeki bemithombo yezindaba nabacwaningi bezincwadi ukuze uqonde izinqubo zezimboni
  • Zimisele ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda kwakho njengoba kuvela ukwaziswa okusha

Ukuthatha Isinyathelo: Umshini Ongokoqobo Wokuhlola

Ukukusiza ukuba uqale noma ujulise ukuhlanganyela kwakho emshinini wokunyathelisa ongakhokhiwe, nalu uhlu lwezenzo ezingokoqobo ongazenza:

Izenzo Ezisheshayo (Lelisonto)

  • Thola imithombo emithathu yezindaba enokwethenjelwa emelela imibono ehlukahlukene bese unezela kuyo njalo lapho ufunda
  • Zibophelele noma unikele okungenani enhlanganweni eyodwa yezindaba ephambili
  • Hlanganisa isihloko esibikwa kahle sezokuxhumana nokuhlaziya okunengqondo ngokuthi kungani sibalulekile
  • Iqiniso-kenga ucezu olulodwa lokwaziswa ngaphambi kokuluhlanganyela
  • Thumela incwajana yokwazisa kumlobeli wephephandaba omsebenzi wakhe uyazisa

Izenzo zesikhashana se-Template (Lenyanga)

  • Yiba khona emhlanganweni kahulumeni wendawo futhi uxoxe nabanye ngalokho okufundayo
  • Bhala incwadi noma uphendule ngokucabangisisa esihlokweni sezindaba
  • Hlola izinto zokubhala ezisetshenziswa emithonjeni yezindaba futhi uhlanganyele ikhodi nothile ekuphileni kwakho
  • Hlola imithombo yakho yezokuxhumana ilandela bese unezela imithombo yezindaba ehlukahlukene nenokwethenjelwa
  • Xoxa nomkhaya noma nabangane ngokuhlola imithombo yezindaba

Ukuzibophezela Okuqhubekayo

  • Londoloza izikhokhelo noma iminikelo yasikhathi sonke ezinhlanganweni zezindaba ezisezingeni eliphezulu
  • Sebenzisa amakhono okucabanga agxekayo lapho udla izindaba
  • Hlanganyelani ngendlela eyakhayo nezintatheli nemithombo yezindaba
  • Khuthaza ukufunda izinto zezindaba emphakathini wakini
  • Khusela inkululeko yokucindezela uma isongelwa
  • Zitshele ngezindaba zendawo
  • Phendula inkulumo yeningi ngokucabangela nangenhlonipho

Imithombo Yemfundo Eqhubekayo

Izinhlangano nengcebo eningi kungakusiza ukuba ujulise ukuqonda kwakho futhi uhlanganyele:

Izinhlangano Zokufunda Nokubhala Ezidayisayo

  • News Literacclib Project: Inikeza imithombo yemfundo nezinhlelo ukuze kusizwe abantu babe yizithakazeli zezindaba (intsha.org)
  • Mediawise: Ifundisa amakhono olwazi lokufunda emidiya, ikakhulukazi entsheni (ngomsakazo.org)
  • Ukuqala udraft: ugxila ekuthembekeni naseqinisweni enkathini yonyaka (ukuqala kwemisebe.org)
  • Umbambeli we-Media textification: unikeza amapulani nemithombo yezemfundo yokufunda (medialit.org)

Izinhlangano Zenkululeko Yokunyathelisa

  • Committee ukuvikela izintatheli: Ivikela izintatheli emhlabeni wonke (cpj.org)
  • Ababikeli abangenamikhawulo:[ imisebenzi yokuvikela inkululeko yokucindezela embulungeni yonke (rsf.org)
  • Indlu yenkululeko:[ Izindawo zokuxhumana zicindezela inkululeko futhi zisekela imithombo yezindaba ezimele (inkululeko.org)
  • Inkululeko ye-Press Foundation:[ Isekela futhi ivikela umbukwane othakazelelwa umphakathi (inkululeko.press)

Imithombo Elondolozwayo

  • FactCkeck.org: Ihlola ukunemba okuyiqiniso kwezindaba zezombangazwe
  • PolitiFact: Amaqiniso abhekiswe ezitatimendeni ngezibalo zezombangazwe
  • Izinhlayiya:[ Amahlebezi, izinganekwane zasedolobheni, kanye nokwaziswa okunganembile
  • Iqiniso eliyi-AP Sekethi: I-associated Press's inyathelo lokuqala lokuhlola iqhinga le-Associated Press

Isiphetho: Indima Yakho Ebuthweni Lentando Yeningi

Injongo nesidingo sephephandaba elikhululekile embusweni wentando yeningi ukufuna iqiniso nokukhanyisela ngokunembile ukusebenza kukahulumeni. Le misebenzi ebalulekile ayixhomekile kuphela ezintathelini nasezinhlanganweni zezindaba kodwa nasezakhamuzini ezikhuthele, ezisebenzisa izindaba ngokugxeka, zisekela amaphephandaba aphambili, futhi zihlanganyela ngokucabangela enkulumweni yeningi.

Zonke izinyathelo ozithathayo — kusukela ekubhaliseleni iphephandaba lendawo ukubheka iqiniso ngaphambi kokuba uhlanganyele, kusukela emhlanganweni womkhandlu wedolobha wokufundisa osemusha ukuthi angahlola kanjani imithombo", zisiza ekutholeni imithombo enempilo nentando yeningi engcono. Izigidi zamaMelika zifuna ukuhlanganyela ngokujule ngokwengeziwe embusweni wentando yeningi.

Izinselele ezibhekene nobuthanga zincwadi nenkulumo yentando yeningi zingokoqobo futhi zibalulekile, kodwa zikhona. Impendulo yalenselele engokomlando ayinciphisi ukubusa ngentando yeningi, kodwa ngaphezulu: ukuhlanganyela okwengeziwe, amazwi amaningi, nenkinga esheshayo evela kumaMelika ansuku zonke. Ngokuthatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ezibekwe kulesiqondiso, ungaba nendima ebalulekile ekusekeleni ukungenela kwenkululeko nokuqinisa idemokhrasi kuwe nomphakathi wakho.

I-computer ayiwona umdlalo oyisibukeli. I-demon ayidingi ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo ezakhamuzini. Umbuzo awukhona ukuthi unendima ozoyifeza, kodwa ukuthi uzokhetha kanjani ukuyifeza. Qala ngesenzo esisodwa noma ezimbili ezivumelana nawe, zakhe imikhuba eqinile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi ukhumbule ukuthi izindaba zakho zokuhlanganyela. Umbuso wentando yeningi, kuhlanganise nezindaba ezikhululekile nezinamandla, zakhiwa ngezenzo zansuku zonke zezakhamuzi ezibolekile. Izwi lakho, ukucabanga kwakho okugxekayo, ukusekela kwakho, nokuhlanganyela kwakho kuyizici ezibalulekile kulomsebenzi oqhubekayo wokuzingenela.