Ukuzwa komphakathi kungenye yezindlela eziqondile izakhamuzi ezivamile ezingabumba ngazo izinqumo ezithinta ukuphila kwazo kwansuku zonke. Ngaphezu nje kwemfuneko engokomthetho, lezi zikhathi zisebenza njengebhuloho elibalulekile phakathi kwezindikimba zikahulumeni nabantu abakhonzayo. Ukuhlanganyela ekuqulweni kwasobala kuvumela abantu ukuba banikeze ubufakazi, babuze imibuzo, futhi babambe izikhulu ezikhethiwe ukuba zilandise. Kwabaningi, okuhlangenwe nakho kungaba yisinyathelo sokuqala ekuhilelekeni nzulu komphakathi, ukuthuthukisa umuzwa wokuba ngumnini wemiyalo phezu kwezimiso nemisebenzi yendawo. Ukuqonda indlela yokuhamba phambili ngempumelelo kule midlalo ye-omfonom. Kubalulekile kunoma ubani ofuna izwi lakhe ukuba alamukele amahholo awe.

Ziyini Izindlebe Zomphakathi?

Ukuqulwa kwecala kwasobala kunqunywa umthetho owenziwa yinxusa likahulumeni, ikomiti yomthetho, noma enye indikimba yomphakathi ukuba iqoqe ubufakazi nemibono evela emphakathini ngendaba ethile noma ngesicelo. Ngokungafani nemihlangano yasedolobheni noma ukuvulwa kwezindaba, ukuqulwa kwamacala kwasobala kuvame ukulawulwa imithetho ethile engokomthetho noma engokwentando yeningi. Ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ngomthetho, ngokwesibonelo, e-United States, izinguquko eziningi zendawo, ukuhlolwa kwezindawo ezizungezile, nokuhlelwa kwemali kumelwe kuqulwe obala phambi kwesinqumo sokugcina. Isimiso esifanayo sisebenza kwezinye izikhundla eziningi zentando yeningi, lapho ukuvela nokuhlanganyela komphakathi ezinqubweni zezokuphatha.

Lokhu kulalela kungahlanganisa izihloko eziningi, kusukela ekuhlongozweni kwezinhlelo ezintsha zezindlu kanye nohlelo lwezifunda zesikole kuya kumthetho wezinga eliphansi nomthetho wezinguquko zikahulumeni. Isici esiyinhloko siwukuthi zinikeza umphakathi ithuba elihlelwe kahle lokunikeza ubufakazi, zibuze imibuzo, futhi zinikeze impendulo ngokuqondile kubenzi besinqumo. Nakuba uhlelo lungahlukahluka-hluka cishe ezinye izinkulumo ezibhaliwe, ezinye zinikeza ubufakazi obuphilayo − injongo eyisisekelo ihlala ikhona: ukunikeza ulwazi nokuthonya isimiso somphakathi.

Ukubaluleka Kwezindlebe Zomphakathi Ebuthweni Lentando Yeningi

Ukuqulwa kwezindlebe zomphakathi akuyona nje inqubo yokuzinqumela; kuyisisekelo sokulandisa kwentando yeningi nokubusa ngokwesigaba. Ukubaluleka kwazo kungaqondwa ngemisebenzi eminingana ebalulekile:

Ukubona Ingaphandle Nokuvula Kukahulumeni

Umphakathi uhlola izinqumo zomphakathi ngokusebenzisa izwe, intela, kanye nemvume yendawo ezungezile okungase kwenziwe ngaphandle kwemvume. Lokhu kuhlola umphakathi. Lokhu kusiza ekuvimbeleni ukonakala, ukunciphisa izingozi zokungahloniphi, futhi kwakhe ukuthembana phakathi kwezakhamuzi nohulumeni wazo. Uma izikhulu ziyazi ukuthi zizobhekana nemibuzo emphakathini, zithambekele kakhulu ekulungiseleleni futhi zicabangele imiphumela ebanzi yezinqumo zazo.

Ukulandisa Kwezikhulu Eziqashelwe

Phakathi nokuqulwa kwecala kwasobala, abameleli bangabhekana ngokuqondile nabameleli babo ngokukhathalela, ukudumisa, noma ukugxeka. Lokhu kusabela okusheshayo kwenza izikhulu zifune ukulandisa ngamavoti azo nangezimiso zazo. Ngokwesibonelo, umkhandlu wedolobha ocabangela isicelo sokulungisa esizosusa izakhamuzi endaweni yazo ungaphoqeleka ukuba zizwe kuleyomikhaya engumuntu, [1] i-eviery enamandla yokwenza izinqumo.

Ukwenziwa Kwesinqumo Esinolwazi Nokulinganisela

Akukho muntu oyedwa noma ikomiti encane engalindela yonke imiphumela yokushintsha kwenqubo. Ukuqulwa kwecala kuletha imibono eminingi ehlukahlukene / ochwepheshe abanezimo zenkathi, izakhamuzi ezithatha isikhathi eside, ochwepheshe abakwazi ukubhekana nezihloko, nalabo abazothinteka kakhulu ngesinqumo. Lokhu kufakwa kusiza izikhulu ukuba zigweme izindawo eziphuphuthekile nemisebenzi yobuciko kangcono, imiphumela elinganiselayo. Njengoba i- National Conference of State Legislatures ichaza[[, ukuzwa okuphumelelayo komphakathi kungathuthukisa izinga lomthetho.

Ukufaneleka Kwemithetho Nokuthenjwa Kwezenhlalo

Uma izakhamuzi zinomuzwa wokuthi ziye zezwakala, zithambekele kakhulu ekwamukeleni futhi zivumelane nezinqumo, ngisho nalezo ezingavumelani nazo. Ukulalela komphakathi kwenza inqubo yokwenza izimiso ifaneleke. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amaqembu ahlukene angase azizwe enganakwa futhi aphendukele ekugxekeni noma ekubhikisheni, okungase kungaphumeleli kakhulu. Inqubo yomphakathi eqinile yokuzwa ikhuthaza ukwethembana komphakathi futhi ikhuthaza ukubambisana okuqhubekayo komphakathi.

Indlela Yokuhlanganyela Ngokuphumelelayo Ekuqulweni Kwezindlebe Kwasobala

Ukuya ezindlebeni zasobala okokuqala kungaba yinto esabisayo. Ukuhlelwa kwezikhathi, imingcele yesikhathi, kanye nephimbo lomsindo ngezinye izikhathi kungadumaza abathatha inxaxheba. Nokho, ngokulungiselela okuncane, noma ubani angazwisa izwi lakhe ngokuphumelelayo. Nansi indlela yokusondela enyangweni:

Isinyathelo Sokuqala: Hlola Indaba Nokuzwa

Qalisa ngokuqonda ukuthi leli zwi likhuluma ngani. Funda uhlelo, umthetho ohlongozwayo, nanoma yiziphi izincwadi zesizinda ezibekwe yindikimba kahulumeni. Izinhlangano eziningi manje zinyathelisa lezizinto kuyi-intanethi okungenani isonto elilodwa ngaphambi kokuchotshelwa. Qaphela imithetho yokulalela. Qaphela isikhulumi ngasinye isikhathi eside, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kudingeka sisayine kusengaphambili, futhi uma ubufakazi obungokoqobo bukhona. Uma umagazini wezobuchwepheshe (umz., inkulumo eyinkimbinkimbi yezemvelo), cabangela ukuxhumana neqembu lendawo lokulalela noma uchwepheshe wokucacisa amaphuzu ayinhloko.

Isinyathelo Sesibili: Lulungiselele Ubufakazi Bakho

Bhala isitatimende esimfushane, esicacile esimboza amaphuzu akho ayinhloko. Uma kungenzeka, sekela ubufakazi bakho ngokwaziswa noma ngolwazi lwakho. Ukubufunda ngokuzwakalayo kunokwenza ifilosofi ebanzi. Ngokwesibonelo, kunokuba uthi "le ntuthuko mibi," chaza ukuthi ingayithinta kanjani izimoto emgwaqweni wakho noma inyuse ingozi yokukhukhula endaweni ohlala kuyo. Uma kungenzeka, sekela ubufakazi bakho ngokwaziswa noma ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho siqu. Zijwayeze ukuze ufunde ngokuzwakalayo phakathi nesikhathi, [1] khumbula ukuthi abenzi besinqumo kungenzeka ukuthi bezwe amazwi amaningi afanayo, ngakho indaba yomuntu siqu noma umbono ongavamile ungathonya ngokukhethekile.

Isinyathelo 3: Sayina Futhi Uvuke

Izindlebe eziningi zifuna ukuba usayine uhlu lwezikhulumi ngaphambi kokuba isiqephu siqale. Ukufika ngaphambi kwemizuzu engu-15-30 (ukuzothola igumbi, uhlole, futhi ukhululeke. Kuzo, hlola ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi yakho, ikhamera, nombhobho kusengaphambili. Lindela ngesineke ithuba lakho; ngokuvamile uhlelo lunqunywa isikhathi sokusayina. Lapho ulindile, lalela ezinye izikhulumi ukuze uhlole isimo segumbi, uqaphele amaphuzu ongase ufune ukuwahlola futhi noma ukusekela emazwini akho siqu.

Isinyathelo 4: Bunikeze Ngokwethemba Ubufakazi Bakho

Uma ubizwa ngegama, sondela ku-podium (noma ungazifaki). Uma ukhona, yisho igama lakho no-athonsi (uma ukhona). Khuluma kalula futhi ugcine ukubhekana kwamehlo nezikhulu. Gcina iphimbo lakho lihloniphekile; ngisho noma uthukuthele ngendaba, ulimi olunolaka lungakufiphaza ukuthembeka kwakho. Ungabe usabuza imibuzo uma indlela yokuzwa ikuvumela. Uma uthukile, kuyasiza ukuletha amaphuzu abhalwe kahle noma ngisho nombhalo ogcwele.

Isinyathelo Sesihlanu: Phishekela Ngemva Kwezindlebe

Ungathathi umsebenzi wakho wenziwe uma nje uhleli phansi. I-imeyili elandelayo kubameleli bakho abakhethiwe noma izisebenzi zenhlangano ingaqinisa amaphuzu akho futhi igcine impikiswano kuyi-rada yabo. Uma ukuzwa kuphumela ekuvoteni noma esinqumweni, landela umphumela. Ohulumeni abaningi bendawo bathumela imizuzu noma amavidiyo aqoshiwe kuyi-intanethi. Ukujoyina iqembu lomphakathi elibheka lendaba kungakusiza ukuba uhlale wazile ngekusasa.

Izinhlobo Zezindlebe Zomphakathi Nezimfanelo Zazo Eziyingqayizivele

Nakuba umbono ovamile wokuqulwa kwecala uvumelana, uhlobo ngalunye lunikeza incazelo yalo.

Ukuzingela Nezwe Kusebenzisa Izindlebe

Lezi ziphakathi kwezindawo ezivamile zokuqulwa kwezindaba. Bakhuluma ngezinguquko ezisikiselwayo ekuhleleni ama-code, imisebenzi yokuthuthukisa, imvume yokwakha, kanye namasuntswana. Abathathi-nxaxheba bavame ukuhlanganisa omakhelwane abakhathazekile ngezindinganiso zempahla, abathuthuki abaphikisana ngezinzuzo zezomnotho, kanye nokuhlela izisebenzi zezobuchwepheshe. Eziningi, ukuqulwa kwecala kuqhutshwa phambi kwekhomishane yokuhlela, ngevoti yokugcina ebhandeni ledolobha noma ibhodi lesifundazwe. Ngenxa yokuthi izigxobo ziseziququ zakhona futhi zisebenza − isakhiwo esisha noma ipaseji yemigwaqweqwele yomgwaqo.

Izindlebe Zendawo Ezungezile

Izinhlangano zendawo ezungezile zinezimvume zokuzwa, izinkulumo zemvelo, nezimiso. Lezi zingaba ezobuchwepheshe obukhulu, ezihlanganisa ukwaziswa okungokwesayensi okuphathelene nobuhle bomoya, ukungcola kwamanzi, noma ukubhujiswa kwendawo yokuhlala. Abathathi-mkhandlu ngezinye izikhathi badinga ukubukeza imibiko eyinkimbinkimbi. Nokho, ngisho noma kungekho isizinda sesayensi, unganezela ngokuchaza indlela umsebenzi ohlongozwayo ongayithinta ngayo impilo yomkhaya wakho, ukufinyelela kwakho kokuzijabulisa, noma indawo ezungezile yendawo yakini. Amaqembu anjenge- U.S. Izemvelo inikeza isiqondiso sezokuvikela izemvelo [ ngendlela engcono kakhulu ekubukezeni indawo ezungezile.

Ukuzihlela Nokuzilalela

Izifunda, omasipala, nohulumeni bezwe bavame ukuzwana ngaphambi kokwamukela imali yabo yaminyaka yonke. Lokhu kulalela kuvumela izakhamuzi ukuba zisho izinto eziza kuqala . .imali eyandayo esetshenziselwa imitapo yezincwadi, ukunakekelwa kwemigwaqo, noma ukusekelwa kwezinkonzo zomphakathi. Ngenxa yokuthi izimali zinezinga lika-zero-shumu, lezi zimemezelo zingaba nezingxabano njengoba izimemezelo ezihlukahlukene zincintisana ngomayela amaRandi alinganiselwe. Ngokuvamile ubufakazi obuphumelelayo buhlanganisa isihlongo sokusebenzisa imali ukuze kuzuzise umphakathi, njenga "ukusebenzisa imali ngemva kwezinhlelo zesikole kunciphisa amazinga obugebengu entsheni.""

Izindlebe Ezingokomthetho

Izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni nezishaya-mthetho ze-Congress ziphatha izikhalazo ukuze ziqoqe ubufakazi ngezindleko ezihlongozwayo. Lezi zivame ukuba ngokomthetho kunezezinkantolo zendawo, ezinendlela ehleliwe. Abakhulumeli bamenywa kaningi ngochwepheshe, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi umphakathi unganikeza ubufakazi obubhaliwe noma ngisho ufakazele uma izindawo zikhona. Lokhu kuthethwa kungathonya isimo semithetho ngaphambi kokuba ivotelwe, kuzenze ithuluzi elinamandla lezinhlangano zezempatho yobufundisi nabantu abathinteke ngokufanayo.

Izindlebe Zezisebenzi Nezimiso

Izinhlangano ze-Federal ezinjenge-Department of Treams noma i-Federal Communications Commission zinamacala emithethweni ehlongozwayo nezimiso. Lokhu kungaba okubaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi kuthinta izwe lonke. iziyalezo.gov yiwebhthi yesite eyinhloko yokunikeza izinkulumo phakathi nenkathi yokukhulumela komphakathi, ngokuvamile esebenza ngendlela efanayo engokomthetho kodwa ebhalwe phansi.

Izinselele Ezivamile Nendlela Yokuzinqoba

Ngisho nezakhamuzi ezishukunyiswa imizwelo zingabhekana nezithiyo ezinkulu lapho zizama ukuhlanganyela ekuqulweni kwezindaba zomphakathi.

Ukufinyelela Nokuhlelwa

Amazwana amaningi aphathwa phakathi namahora avamile ebhizinisi noma ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu nezokuthuthwa komphakathi, okwenza kube nzima kubantu abasebenzayo ukuya. Ukukhetha okungaqondile kuye kwakhula kusukela kubhadane lwe-COVID . kodwa akuzikho zonke izimenywa ezinikeza wona. Ukuphendula:[ Ummeleli wohlelo lokuhlangana oluxubile kanye nokuzwa kwakusihlwa. Izifunda eziningi manje zirekhomba ukuzwa nokufakwa kwazo kuyi-inthane, ngakho ungabukeza ubufakazi futhi unikeze iziphetho ezibhaliwe kamuva.

Ukungesabi Nolimi Lwezikhulu Zasebuthweni Lase - Australia

Isimo esingokomthetho, isigebengu somthetho, kanye nokuba khona kwezikhulu kungabangela abantu ukuba bazizwe bengenakho ukujula kwabo. Leligebe "igebe lokuhlukanisa" ngokuvamile liba nomonakalo ophansi nenani elincane lezindawo. Ukuvala:[ uhamba ulalele izimemezelo ezimbalwa njengengqapheli ngaphambi kokuba ukhulume. Yisa umngane noma iqembu ukuze lisekele ukuziphatha okuhle. Izinhlangano eziningi zomphakathi zibambe amashadisi akhululekile ngendlela yokunikeza ubufakazi obuphumelelayo.

Ukulinganisela Isikhathi Nokuqubuka

Uma amakhulu abantu efuna ukukhuluma, isikhathi esilinganiselwe ngesikhulumi ngasinye singaba sifushane kakhulu . ngezinye izikhathi imizuzu eyodwa noma emibili. Lokhu kungacosha ubufakazi obubalulekile. Ukuphendula: Lungisa amazwi amafushane, ahlabayo afinyelela eqophelweni ngokushesha. Ukuhlanganiswa namanxulumani ukuze abantu abahlukene bahlanganise izici ezihlukahlukene zikamagazini. Faka inguqulo ebhalwe kaningiliziwe yobufakazi bakho bombhalo ongokomthetho; indikimba ezwayo kumelwe ihlanganise ibhalwe ephepheni.

Izithiyo Zolimi

Emiphakathini ekhuluma izilimi eziningi, ukuzwa kungaqhutshwa ngolimi olulodwa kuphela, ngaphandle kwezikhulumi ezingezona ezesibalo. Izinkonzo zokucela ngaphambi kwesikhathi (izindawo eziningi ziyadingeka ukuze zinikezwe imithetho yamalungelo omphakathi). Yisa umhumushi uma kudingeka, noma unikeze ubufakazi obubhaliwe ngolimi lwakho. Umthetho ngokuvamile ugunyaza ukuba kunikezwe ukufinyelela okunenjongo.

Ukuhlukanisa izibalo

Kuzwa okuxubile noma okuphelele, abathatha ingxenye badinga i-inthanethi ethembekile ne-computer noma ucingo. Labo abangenayo lemithombo bangavalwa. I-'i-operations' yomphakathi ngokuvamile ine-computer kanye nokungena kolwembu lwe-Internet. Ezinye izinhlangano zobuchwepheshe zinikeza ukusekela ngaphambi kokuzwa. Uma isimiso sobuchwepheshe singalungile, phakamisa udaba nezikhulu zendawo.

Izinyathelo Zokwandisa Ukuhlanganyela Nokwenza Izindlebe Zingahlangani

Ohulumeni namaqembu omphakathi bangathatha izinyathelo ngamabomu zokwandisa ukuhlanganyela nokuthuthukisa izinga lenqubo yokuzwa yomphakathi.

Ukungenela Kwenhlangano Nemfundo

Ngokuvamile, abantu kuphela abavela lapho kuqulwa icala yilabo abanezimo eziqondile zezimali noma izikhundla zemibono. Ukuphuma kwezesayensi yezesayensi yezezindaba, amaphephandaba ezenhlalo, izindiza, nezinhlangano zomphakathi (i-athodio) baletha isampuli elimelela umphakathi. Incazelo elula yendaba nenqubo yokuzwa ihamba kude. Ngokwesibonelo, i-League of Women Voters

Izikhungo Zomsebenzi Nezokuprakthiza

Abantu abaningi abakhulumi lapho bequlwa ngoba abakwazi ukuthi kanjani. Ohulumeni bendawo noma izinzuzo ezingakhokhi bangahlanganisa "indlela yokufaka ubufakazi" ehlanganisa izisekelo eziyisisekelo: ukufunda uhlelo, ukuhlela amazwi, ukulawula izinzwa, nokuqonda imithetho. Ukunikeza abantu indawo ephephile yokuzivivinya kwakha futhi kwandise ukuthungatha.

Ukuhlelwa Ngokuvumelana Nezimo Nezimo Ezipholile

Ukunikeza ukuzwakala ngezikhathi nezinsuku ezihlukahlukene, izindawo ezijikelezayo phakathi kwezindawo, nokunikeza indlela yokuhlanganyela elayinini kwandisa kakhulu inani labantu abangaba khona. Amafomethi aphehla futhi avumela abantu ukuba bakhethe indlela evumelana nabo kangcono, kanti abanye bakhetha indlela yobufakazi obuthi gravitations, kuyilapho abanye babheka ukungena ngokunenzuzo ekhaya.

Ukusetshenziswa Kolimi Olungenasici

Imishini ingenza ukuqulwa kwamacala kutholakale ngokufushanisa amabhukwana obuchwepheshe ngolimi olulula, kokubili ephaketheni elihleliwe naphakathi nokuzwa ngokwalo. Ukugwema amagama afanayo nenkulumo ye-compatical-compation kunciphisa isigxaki sokwesabisa. Ezinye izifunda-zwe zidinga ukufingqa kuka-"layson's shopy" ukuhambisana nomthetho wonke ohlongozwayo.

Umphumela Wangempela Wezwe: Lapho Ukuqulwa Kwezindaba Komphakathi Kwenza Umehluko

Kulo lonke izwe, ukuqulwa kwecala lomphakathi kuye kwashintsha imiphumela. Kwenye indawo, ukuqulwa kwecala esitolo saseWalmart esihlongozwayo kwadonsa amakhulu ezakhamuzi ezazithi kungalimaza amabhizinisi amancane endawo futhi kwandise izimoto; ikhomishane yokuhlela ekugcineni yalahla imvume. Kwenye, abazali basebhodini lesikole abalalela isikole balwa ngokuphumelelayo ukuze balondoloze uthisha othandekayo. Kwezingalo zikahulumeni, ubufakazi beziguli nodokotela ekulaleleni ngemilaliso esemthethweni yezidakamizwa zomthetho wasiza ekuthuthukiseni umehluko omusha. Lezi zibonelo zibonisa ukuthi uma abantu beveza futhi bekhuluma ngokucacile, bangaguqula inkambo yenqubo.

Yebo, ukuzwa akuwona umkhakha. Izithakazelo ezinamandla ngokuvamile zinemithombo eminingi yokungenisa nokulalela abantu abaningi. Kodwa umphumela owengeziwe wamazwi amancane amaningi, uma ehlelekile futhi ephikelela, ungamelana nalelo thonya. Inani elandayo lezinhlangano zendawo . Ukumelana nokusetshenziswa kukawoyela kuphoqelele ukuba kufune inguquko yamaphoyisa, //izimpawu zokuzwa komphakathi zihlale ziyinkundla ebalulekile yoshintsho lwentando yeningi.

Isiphetho: Izwi Lakho Libalulekile

Ukuhlanganyela ekuqulweni kwezindaba zomphakathi kungenye yezindlela eziphathekayo kakhulu zokusebenzisa umthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi. Kuguqula ukubusa okungabonakali kube ukuxoxa komuntu siqu, okuqondile. Nakuba lenqubo ingaba yinselele, imivuzo (_yombili) kumuntu ngamunye nasemphakathini(inkulu kakhulu. Ngokufunda imithetho, ngokuyilungiselela kahle, nangokubonisa ngokungaguquguquki, izakhamuzi ezivamile zingasiza ekuqondiseni izinqumo ezibumba izindawo ezihlala kuzo, izikole zazo, nendawo ezizungezile. Ukuzwa kwabantu akusona ithuluzi eliphelele, kodwa kunamandla. Uma zisetshenziswa kahle, ziqinisa ubufakazi obubodwa bentando yeningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.