Indawo ezungezile yokulondeka yase-Australia ichazwa ngokusondelana ngokuqondile nezinye zezindawo zemidlalo yemidlalo eyinkimbinkimbi neziphikelelayo ezilwa namaphekula emhlabeni. I-Southeast Asia ne-Pacific imelela indawo esheshayo lapho izinsongo zingahlangana khona ngokushesha, zithinta inhlalakahle yase-Australia, izakhamuzi, kanye nendawo ezungezile. Emashumini eminyaka, iCanberra iye yaqaphela ukuthi ukulwa nobuphekula akukwazi ukuyeka emikhawulweni yayo yasolwandle. Kunalokho, kudinga ukusondela okuhlangene kakhulu kwesifunda, okuphawulwa ukuhlangana kwesimiso sezempi, ukulandelela izinhlelo zezezimali, nezokuvuselela izinhlelo zomphakathi zokwakha utshani. Lokhu kuqhubeke kwenza i-Australia yaba insika ephakathi kwezakhiwo zesifunda zezentengo, indima ethwala imithwalo yemithwalo futhi idinga ukuhambisana nokushintsha usongo.

Icebo lokulwa nobuphekula elisetshenziswa yi-Australia linezici eziningi, lidlulela ngalé kokuqonda ukuthi ukuqapha kwezempi noma kwe-kinetic kuphela. Lihlanganisa ukucindezela kwezentengiselwano, ukuthuthukisa okukhulu, ukwakha amaphoyisa, kanye namalungiselelo aqinile angokomthetho aklanyelwe ukusiza amazwe akanye nawo ukuba aphazamise, anikeze isigwebo, anikeze izikhangiso, futhi aguqule. Lokhu kutshala ukhuseleko olude kubantu nasekwenzweni komphakathi kwakhiwa ngokuqonda ukuthi ukuwohloka kwezwe, ukubusa okungalawuleki, nokuncika kwezentengi kwezomnotho kudala izimo zokulawula. Ngokusingatha le mpande enziwa yimisebenzi eyingozi eyingozi ngesikhathi esisodwa, i-Australia ihlose ukwakha indawo eqinile lapho i-smole inhlabathi embolile.

ISimangaliso Esiqeqeshiwe: Ukusungula Imfundiso Yesifunda

Izakhi zofuzo zanamuhla ze-Australia, ukuhlasela okuhlangeneyo okubangelwa yizenzakalo ezimbili zokuzamazama komhlaba: ukuhlasela kwe-September 11, 2001 e-United States, ngokuyingozi kakhulu, ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu ngo-2002. Ukuhlasela kweBali kwaphumela e-Australia. Ukufa kwabantu abangu-88 eAustralia ngokuhlaselwa okuhlangene yiJemaah Islamisiyah (J) kwaletha usongo lobuphekula obungalé ngqo e-Australia. Kwaqeda nayiphi inkohliso yokuzihlukanisa ngezwe futhi kwabonisa ukuthi ukuntengantengantenga kwemingcele yezizwe kungaguqula ngokuqondile inhlekelele yesizwe. [[FLT:] Inhlangano ye-Lowty Institute iye yayibhala kabanzi indlela lesenzakalo esihlelekile sokucabanga kwe-Australia [FLDM:1], ifaka ngayo imithetho ehlangene yemithetho yezizwe, i-Propostlandlands, ne-Akamean, i-Asiya. [[FLT]

Kusukela ngemva kwalokhu, uhulumeni wase-Australia waveza i-ANZUS Treaty okokuqala emlandweni wakhe, ephawula isibopho esijulile sokulwa kwembulunga yonke nokulwa kobuphekula. Nokho, ukugxila okuyinhloko kwashintshela phambili esifundeni. Ukuphakama kwe-J, eyayinama-J, eyayixhunywe ngokuqondile ku-Al-Qaeda, yadalula ulwembu oluyinkimbinkimbi olusebenza e-Indonesia, eMalaysia, nase-Philippines. Lokhu kwabangela ukuma okubalulekile ukusuka ekuzivikeleni okusekelwe ekuzivikeleni kwembulunga ezifundeni ezimeleni ezisezweni ezingaphakathi nasezweni. Inqubo e-Ostreliya emhlophe evikelayo nenkambini ye-Australia, ehambisana nenqubo ephakeme kakhulu emelene nomthetho wezobupolitiki, ifaka isisekelo esiqinile phakathi kwekhono esiqinile nesimiso esiqinile. Izinhlelo ezisekelayo zivikela izinhlelo zezokuvikela i-ogalelo-osebuninginiase Australia ezisemuva ngohulumeni, noma omakhelwane abaphethe izinhlangano zezombangazwe.

Insika Yokuqala: Umklamo Owenqaba Wezibopho Zokuvikela Eziningi Nezasezinhlamvwini Eziningi

Indlela yokungena ye-Australia incike kuxhaphake izivumelwano ezingokomthetho ezibanzi nezindlela zokubambisana ngokwethukela. Le misebenzi yezokwakha iklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukushesha nokwethembana, ivumela amabutho ezokuphepha ukuba asebenze ngokunempumelelo ngaphesheya kwemingcele. Isisekelo sisekelwe ekuxhumaneni okuqinile namazwe ayinhloko aseNingizimu mpumalanga Asia, okunezelwa yizikhungo eziyingozi ezihlela izindinganiso zesifunda futhi zisizana ekuthatheni isinyathelo.

I - Indonesia - Australia Secrification Nexus

Ubuhlobo ne-Indonesia bumelela ubuhlobo obubaluleke kakhulu obuphakathi kwe-Australia ne-coloratean jovolism. Naphezu kokuncitshiswa kwezentekotho zezombangazwe, ukubambisana kokusebenza nokulondeka kusekhona ngokuphawulekayo. Isisekelo salobu buhlobo yi-Lombok Treaty (ngokufanayo i-Australia-Indonesia Security Actrigion), eyasayinwa ngo-2006. Lesi sivumelwano sinikeza uhlelo olungokomthetho olubophayo lokubambisana kwezentengiselwano, ukubambisana kobuphekula, ukuvikela kwamazwe, ukuvikela kwamazwe ngesikhathi solwandle, kanye nokugcinwa komthetho.

Inhlangano ehamba phambili yalokhu kubambisana yi-Jakarta Centre for Law Inforcement Cooperation (JCLEC). Imiswe ngo-2004, JCLEC iqeqeshe izinkulungwane zamaphoyisa, abashushisi, nochwepheshe bezempi abasuka kulo lonke izwe. Isebenza njengesikhungo sokuhlanganyela imisebenzi engcono kakhulu ekuhlolweni okulwisaneni nomthetho futhi iye yaba wusizo ekwakheni amaphoyisa ase-Indonesia asingatha izimo zokuthunjwa, ukubhomba, ukuphenya, nokuphenya nge-inthaneti. Isivumelwano sinweba futhi namaqoqo aphezulu empi, kanye ne-Australian Defnce Force (ADF) ne-Indonesianqwemance (TN) eqhuba inqubo ehlangene eqonde ngokubambisana nalethwathwalwa yile, ukuvumelana nokusebenza kwale nqubo ehlangene nalenza i-injini ehlangene.

Ukuhlanganyela nePhilippines neMalaysia: IMaritime Security Triangle

I-Aute Sayaf Group (ASG) eseningizimu yePhilippines kanye nomngcele wamanzi asempumalanga yeMalaysia imelela iphasishi elihwamukayo lapho amaqembu amaphekula anjenge-Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) kanye neqembu lamaMaute aye asebenza khona ngokomlando. AmaMarawi Siege [ ayeyisixwayiso esiqinile sokukwazi ukuthatha izikhungo ze-ibhungane. Ekuphenduleni, i-Australia yajulisa ukuthembisa kwayo. I-Australian Force yanikeza ukusekela okugxekayo ukusebenzisa i-AP-3 Orion[FLD eMidlalweni yasePhilippines (AFP) phakathi nokuvithiza, ukunyakaza okuhlanganisa ukuthemba kwayo phakathi kwezizwe ezimbili.

Lokhu kubambisana kwamiswa futhi kwanwetshwa nge- Cooperative Atuulation (TCA) neMalaysia kanye nePhilippines, kwasayinwa ngo-2017. I-TCA igxila ekwakheni ukwaziswa kanye nokuhlanganyela nokuqondisa amaphoyisa ahlangene e-Sulu nase-Celebes Seas, ngokuphumelelayo ukwakha indawo yokhuseleko ehlangene ukuze kuvinjelwe amaphekula, abaphangi, izigebengu, kanye nezeleli ezihamba ngezizwe ezihamba phakathi kwamazwe amathathu. I-Australia futhi ifaka izimali ezinkulu ekwakheni ibutho lezempi lasePhilippines namaphoyisa, inikeza imishini, iqeqeshe, nokusekela ukuthoba kwezokuhlasela eMindana.

Ukuvikela iPacific: Inhlonipho Nokuqina

IPacific Islands iveza izinselele ezihlukene zokulwa nobuphekula, ngokuvamile ezihlobene nobugebengu obuhlanga lonke, ubuthakathaka, nobudlova bezinhlanga. I-Australia isebenza njengelungu eliyinhloko lokulondeka emazweni amaningi asePacific Island. Boe Declaration on Regional Security[, eyamukelwa yiziQhingi zasePacific Forum (PIF) ngo-2018, yayiyincwadi ewuphawu eyandisa incazelo engokwesiko yokulondeka ehlanganisa ukushintsha isimo sezulu, usongo lwe-inthaneti, nobugebengu obudlulisa ubugebengu obungahlangane. I-Australia yayiyisihluthulelo somshayeli walomsebenzi onwetshiwe, oqaphela ngokucacile ukuxhumana phakathi kwezwe nombuso we-Fraglag nokwazi ukuphatha ubudlova.

Umsebenzi ohamba phambili ePacific kwakuyi- Regional Arease Active Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI). Nakuba ngokuyinhloko kwakuwumsebenzi wokuzinza, i-RAMSI yawaqeda amaqembu alwayo futhi yakha kabusha iRoyal Solomon Islands Police Force, ngokuphumelelayo ukulwisana nosongo lobudlova obubangelwa kwezombangazwe. Namuhla, Australian Federal Police (AFP) Pacific Transnational Crime Networket[ izikhulu zezikhulu zezokuxhumana ezise Royal Solomon Islands, zisiza ukulanda amazwe amakhono awo siqu ophendukuhlola, ziqinisekisa ukuthi ubuphekulawu abenzi bezombangazwe abakwazi ukuthatha impande kwePacific njengoba kunjalo kwezinye izindawo.

Insika Yesibili: Usizo Olusebenzayo Nolwezobuchwepheshe Njengabacishi Bempi Abaningi

Ukulondeka okunzima kuphumelela kuphela lapho amazwe asebenza nabo enekhono elingokomthetho nelezinhlangano lokumangalela amaphekula nokusingatha izinsongo.

Uhlelo losizo lobuchwepheshe oluphikisayo-Terrorism (CTTAP)

Iphethwe yi-Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT), i- coverter-Tertulis Methonicial Program (CTTAP) iyimoto eyinhloko ye-Australia yokuhambisa isakhiwo sekhono. I-CTPA igxila ekuqiniseni amapulani alawula amazwe asebenza nawo ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi angabunqanda ngokuphumelelayo ubuphekula kuyilapho esekela amalungelo abantu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa imithetho yokuhlela izimali zamaphekula, ukulondeka emngceleni, kanye ne-inthaneti. Inikeza futhi ukuqeqeshwa kwabahluleli nabashushisi ukuba basingatha izindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi, iqinisekisa ukuthi abaphehli benziwa ngokunempumelelo kunokuba babe abafel ’ abafel ’ utalashi emehlweni.

Ukuphoqelelwa Komthetho Nokuhlakanipha Okuhlukahlukene

I-AFP inombhalo ohlala njalo emhlabeni wonke ongenakulinganiswa kulendawo. Amahhovisi omphathi eJakarta, eManila, nasePort Moresby, i-AFP isiza ukuhlakanipha kwangempela kwabelana ngezikhathi ezithile nokusebenza ngokuhlangene. Lolu lwembu lunzima ekulandeleni abalwani bamanye amazwe amaphekula, ekuphazamiseni ukuhlasela okuhleliwe, nasekuhloleni abashumayeli abazimisele. I-AFP isebenza eduze ne-Australian Security Intelligence Organization (AIO) ne-Hofisi ye-National Intelligence (O) ukuze ikhiqiniswe izigwebo ezihlanga ezihlangene nezifunda, zivene umfanekiso ofanayo wenhlala ezungezile.

Inqaba Yesithathu: Ukulwa Nokukhishwa Kobudlova Nokwakha Umphakathi

I-Australia iyaqaphela ukuthi izenzo zezempi namaphoyisa kuphela azinakubunqoba ubuphekula. Izinqumo zezentengiselwano kumelwe ziphathwe, futhi imiphakathi kumelwe imelane nokulandisa okunethonya. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekusungulweni kwenqubo eyinkimbinkimbi yokuthuthukisa ubudlova be-Extremism (CVVE)[FL:1] isu elisebenza ezingeni lotshani.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi Nezinhlelo Zokuvuselela Igazi

Imali yase-Australia kanye nokusekela izikhungo zokuguqula isikhumba e-Indonesia naseMalaysia, zisebenza nama-NGO kanye nabaholi benkolo bendawo ukuze bavuselele ababekhona. Lezinhlelo zigxile ekunikezeni ukuqeqeshwa komsebenzi, ukululeka ngengqondo, nokufundiswa kabusha kwezenkolo ukuze kususwe abantu emibonweni ephikisayo. Indlela yase-Australia igcizelela ukubaluleka kokuziphilisa kwendawo, iqaphela ukuthi abadlali bangaphandle abanakumane bafake izingxebe ze-CVE. Kunalokho, i-Australia inikeza ukusekela nokunikezwa kwezeluleko zezobuchwepheshe ezimisweni enjengesejele lase-Indonesia, okusebenza namaphekulambelela ukuba aphinde ababuyise emphakathini.

Ukusebenzisa Amazwi Alinganiselayo

Ingxenye ebucayi yeCVE ukunweba amazwi alinganiselayo emiphakathini yamaSulumane. I-Australia isekela izingqungquthela, izinhlelo zezokuxhumana, nezifundo ezikhuthaza ukubekezelelana kwenkolo nokuxubana kwezinkolo. Ngokubambisana nezinhlangano ezinkulu zomphakathi wamaSulumane e-Indonesia, njengeNadhlatul Ulama ne-Muzamyah, i-Australia isiza ekuqiniseni ukuma kwamaSulumane amakhulu alahla ubudlova. Lokhu kuwukutshala isikhathi eside ekulweni kwemibono ne-STRAN, ukuhlosanisa iqoqo lamanxusa afuna ukutholwa.

Usongo Olushintshayo: Ukuhlasela Kwe - cyber, Amaphekula, Nefa Le - ISIS

Indawo yosongo ayimi ndawonye. I-Australia kumele ihlale ijwayelene nezinhlayiya ezintsha zokuhlasela nemiphumela ehlala njalo yezimpi zangaphambili. Ukuhlukana kwe-ISIS e-Syria nase-Iraq kuye kwadala i-diaspara yabalwi abaqinile bempi nomshini wenkulumo - ze onamandla ku-inthanethi oyaqhubeka ubangela ukuhlasela kule ndawo.

Inselele Yempi Yamazwe Angaphandle Yokubuyela Ezweni Lakubo

Enye yezinselele zokulondeka eziphuthuma kakhulu yindaba yamaphekula akwamanye amazwe (FTF) kanye nemikhaya yawo. Amakhulu abantu abavela e-Southeast Asia bahamba baya eMpuma Ephakathi ukuyolwela i-ISSIS. Abaningi basavalelwe emakamu e-Syria. I-Australia isebenze nabantu abahlala ezindaweni ezifana ne-Philippines ne-Malaysia ukuze balawule ukubuya nokuqunjelwa kwala maphekula. Ingozi iwukuthi abalwayo abaqinile babuyela emazweni abo, badlulisela amakhono abo okulwa nezimiso zabo emaqenjini amabutho abo alwayo. IZizwe Ezihlangene ziye zaqokomisa indawo yaseNingizimu-Mpuma ntshonalanga Asia njengendawo eyisihluthulelo sokulawula lenselele yeFFFFF:1]. I-Australia inikeza ukuhlakanipha kanye ne-Australia ukusekela i-ogadesters ukuze zisize amazwe futhi zibuye.

Ubuphekula nenkulumo - ze yezezinombolo

Amaphekula aye asebenzisa i-inthanethi ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ekusebenziseni kwawo i-intanethi. Asebenzisa ama-apps ayimfihlo ekuhleleni ukuhlasela nokusakaza inkulumo - ze engosini yezenhlalo ukuze athathe iziphakamiso zabantu. I-Australia iye yasabela ngokuthuthukisa ukubambisana kwayo kokuphepha kolwembu lwezinhlangothi ne-ASEAN, inikeza ukuqeqeshwa nobuchwepheshe ukuze isize amazwe asebenza nawo abheke futhi aqede izinto eziqukethwe amaphekula. Amaqembu e-AF's Cybercrime Operacrimication asebenza eduze namaphoyisa aseNingizimu - mpumalanga Asia ukuze aqaphele futhi aphazamise izinhlangano ze-intanethi ezihlasela abantu abasengozini emingceleni.

Ukuphanga Nokuchitha Imali Kwamaphekula

Ukususa ukugeleza kwemali kuyisisekelo sezenhlalayenza-ziphekula zanamuhla. I-Australian Transaction Reports and Analysis Centre (AUSTRAC) inikeza ukuqeqeshwa okukhulu nokusekela kwezinhlangano zezezimali kulo lonke elasePacific nase-Southeast Asia. Ngokwakha amandla endawo okulandela ukuthengiselana okusolisa, i-Australia isiza ekuvimbeleni ukudluliselwa kwezimali emangqamuzaneni amaphekula. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukujoyina izinhlelo zokuguqula iziboshwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ziyasebenza futhi ziphawule ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlangano zamagobolondolo nezimiso zokudlulisa inani ngokwethukela (njenge Hawala) amaqembu anjenge-JI ukuphakamisa izimali.

Izinselele Eziqhubekayo Nendlela Eqhubekayo

Naphezu kokujula kwe-Australia, izinselele ezinkulu zisasele. Eyokuqala ukuqina kwezwe. Ukuntengantenga kwezombangazwe eMyanmar, izimpikiswano eziqhubekayo zokubusa ePapua New Guinea, futhi usongo olukhona lwenkohlakalo lungalulaza ngisho nezinhlelo zokwakha ezingcono kakhulu ezisungulwe. Inselele yesibili ukuncintisana kwezesayensi yezwe nezombangazwe. Ukuphakama kweChina njengomsizi oyinhloko wezomnotho nokulondeka kwamanye amazwe asePacific Island kwenza indawo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi inciphisa ukufinyelela noma ithonya le-Australia.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isimo sobuphekula ngokwaso sithathelwana. Nakuba izinhlangano ezinkulu, ezihleliwe ezifana ne-JI ziye zehliswa kakhulu, usongo luye lwancitshiswa kakhulu. Ukuhlasela kwe-Lone-wolf, okubangelwa yinkulumo - ze ye-website kodwa okukhishwe ngaphandle komyalo oqondile ovela eqenjini, kunzima ukuqaphela nokuvimbela. Icebo lesikhathi esizayo le-Australia kumelwe ligxile ngisho nakakhulu ekuqondiseni komphakathi, ukuhlanganisana, ukuhlakanipha, nokwakha ukuqina kwengqondo ngokumelene nokulandisa okunezekelela. Ukugxila ngokunokwenzeka kuyo kuqhubekela phambili ku "empilweni yonke ye-profecuty" ingena ehlanganisa impilo, imfundo, nezinkonzo zomphakathi ezihlanganisa ukuvikela.

Isiphetho

I-Australia ibopha ubuphekula e-Southeast Asia nase-Pacific njengesivumelwano sokubona kusengaphambili nokubambisana okuqinile. Emashumini amabili eminyaka, i-Australia yakha izakhiwo ezibanzi zokubambisana, kusukela emaphethelweni anzima empi nasemisebenzini yokuhlakanipha kuya emandleni athambile okubophana komphakathi kanye nokulungisa okungokomthetho. Lo mthendeleko uwukubonakaliswa okuqondile kweqiniso elisemqoka le-Australia: ukulondeka kwesizwe akunakuhlukani ekuzinzeni kwendawo yayo eseduze. Njengoba usongo, i-Australia kumelwe iqhubeke izama, ijulise ukusekela kwayo, futhi ifaka inzuzo ekuvusekuvuseleleni komakhelwane bayo. Ukuthula nokulondeka kwesifunda kuxhomeke kulesibopho esiqhubekayo sokuzivikela esihlangene nokuchuma.