Imisuka Engokomlando Yehlazo Lezombangazwe LaseJapane

Isimiso seqembu lanamuhla laseJapane savela ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II, esenziwe yi-Association admin nomthetho-Mpatho ka-1947. Iminyaka yasekuqaleni ngemva kwempi yaba ne-libral cleavage: i Liberal Democratic Party [LDP][[FLP]] yakhiwa ngo-1955] njengokuhlanganiswa kwamaqembu amabili abambelele ngokwesiko, kuyilapho inxele ekudilikeni kwekamu i-JP ezuzwe izungethe ukuwa kwe-JP [FT:] iSithi se-Jocist [JP]. Amashumi eminyaka. I-LDP], i-DPP ilawula kwezombangazwe, kanye nalokhu kuphikisa okuyinhloko. Iqembu le-DSPFFFON elivamile likhombayonke (ikhulu lama-ikhulu]) liveza ukuwohloka kwezombangazwe, i-DPNSPNkakhulu elivamile, elivamile, elisukela kulelo-kusukela kulelo-kusukela ku-

Ngokungafani nezindawo eziningi zentando yeningi zaseNtshonalanga, amarejista emibono yaseJapane awadwebi ngokuphelele ngokwezomnotho noma ngokwezenhlalo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-LDP ayikho nezeqili kodwa futhi yengamele imisebenzi yomphakathi nezimali zokulima. Okwamanje, amaqembu asemanxele asekela ukuthula kwasendulo namalungelo ezisebenzi kodwa futhi angaba asemthethweni ezindabeni zezomnotho. Le nkinga yenza ukuhlaziywa kokuqhathanisa kube okuthakazelisayo nokudingekile.

Imikhosi Emikhulu Yakwesobunxele: Imikhuba Yokuphatha Nemininingwane

I-Constialigal Democratic Party yaseJapan (CDP) iyiqembu elikhulu kunawo wonke eliphikisayo elikhona kwesobunxele, elakhiwa ngo-2017 kusukela ekuhlanganisweni kwamapesenti ambalwa namaqembu aqhubekayo. Indawo yalo igcizelela ubulungisa bezenhlalakahle, isivikelo sendawo ezungezile, nokunamathela eMthethweni wezomthetho-mthetho wezempi waseJapane. ICDP imelana nomthetho we-LDP esundula ukubukeza iSiphakamiso 9, esilahla impi futhi inqabela “ikhono lempi.” Kunalokho, i-CDP isekela“ ukumelana nokuthula okunempumelelo” okugxila ekukhulumeni ngezingxoxo, ukuthuthukisa, ukuthuthukisa, ukubambisana, nokubambisana kwezizwe.

Inhlalakahle Nesayensi Yokusebenza Kwabantu

IJapane ibhekene nenani labantu asebegugile futhi inciphe kakhulu izisebenzi. Izinhlangano ezibolile zihlongoza ukwandisa amanetha okuphepha komphakathi, kuhlanganise nempesheni ephakeme, ukunakekelwa kwabantwana emhlabeni wonke, nokusekela okwengeziwe kwabanakekeli. ICDP iye yayala ukuba kukhushulwe intela yokusetshenziswa kwemali ingaqiniswe kakhulu kune-LDP futhi esikhundleni sokukhokha ingcebo nenzuzo yenkampani. Zisekela futhi izimiso zokunciphisa ukulingana kwemali, njengokukhuphuzisa iholo eliphansi nokuqinisa amalungelo ahlangene athengwayo.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwendawo Ezungezile Namandla Amandla

Ngemva kwenhlekelele ka-2020 Fukushima, amaqembu ahamba ngakwesobunxele aye asekela iphimbo lokushintsha okusheshayo kokuvuselelwa kwamandla kanye nokuphuma kwamandla enuzi. I CDP isekela isisulu sikagesi ovuselelwayo ongamakhulu 100 ngo-2050 noqina kakhulu ngemithetho elawula ukuthengwa kukaphethiloli. Futhi acindezela iJapane ukuba ithathe ukuma okuqinile ezivumelwaneni zesimo sezulu somhlaba wonke, ngokungafani nendlela yebhizinisi, eqondene kakhulu.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezwe Elingaphandle Nendlela Yokuzivikela

Amaqembu ahambayo avame ukulondoloza isimo sokuzivikela esimelene nempi noma esivinjelweyo. Amelene nokuthola amakhono okuhlasela futhi agxeka ukukhuliswa kwemali yezempi eJapane. ICDP iye yaveza ukungaqiniseki ngobuhlobo obukhulayo bempi ne-Japane obusekela isimiso sangaphandle esizimele esilinganisela ubuhlobo ne-United States ne-China. Nokho, amaqembu angaphakathi akhona; amanye abezombangazwe abangamanxele basekela isivikelo esiqinile phakathi kwemingcele yomthetho-mthetho.

Eminye Imikhosi Yokuvivinya Esobunxele

I- Isivumelwano sobuKhomanisi saseJapani (JCP) iyiqembu elincane kodwa elinethonya elihamba ngakwesobunxele elinomlando omude. Lisekela i-socialism, impompelo eqinile, nokuqedwa kwe-U.S.-Japanian Security Trective Treaty Trect. IJCP ishicile ezinye izikhundla eminyakeni yamuva ukuze yandise isihemukelo sayo, kodwa ihlale ingunda kakhulu inamandla ayo angokwengqondo asuka ekhohlo-asekhohlo. [[FLT][FL:2] Isigaba se-Democraticism (SDP) [FLTP] [FLT] [FLT]] [ivP],[FFOLT]], ihlangene nenkululeko yezentengo yomphakathi ne-ivolumo yomphakathi, ikakhulukazi, njengoba isenza izimo zezenteko, isenze sezentethe yomphakathi.

Imikhosi Enkulu Yakwesokudla: Imikhuba Yokuphatha Nendlela Yokuzichaza

I-Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) iye yabusa iJapane esikhathini esiningi ngemva kwempi, manje ingaphansi koNdunankulu uFumio Kisida. I-LDP iyinhlangano ehamba phambili ehlanganisa amaqembu asukela kumahlelo alinganiselwe alandelanayo nawamazwe. Izimiso zayo eziyisisekelo zihlanganisa ukukhula kwezomnotho ngokususa umthetho we-registration nebhizinisi lenkululeko, umfelandawo ye-U.S-Japane, kanye nendima enkulu kakhulu yezwe lonke yeJapane. Iqembu lifuna futhi ukubukeza uMthetho womthetho, ikakhulukazi iSigaba 9, ukuqaphela ngokusemthethweni amabutho esizwe azimele njengempi.

Umthetho Wezomnotho: Isayensi Yezomnotho Nangaphezulu

Ngaphansi kowayenguNdunankulu uShinzo Abe, i-LDP yaphishekela “i-Abenomics,” isu elingu-3 lokuncitshiswa kwemali ngobudlova, ukufushaniswa kwemithetho, nokuguqulwa kwezakhiwo. Izinhlangano ezihambayo ngokuvamile zisekela izintela zenkampani ephansi, ukushiseka kwemisebenzi, nezivumelwano zokuhweba ngokukhululekile njengeCPTP and RCEP. Baphikisa ngokuthi imithetho yokukhula iyokwenza inzuzo yezinhlelo zezenhlalo ngaphandle kokuphakamisa intela kwisigaba esiphakathi. Nokho, abacusumbuli baphawula ukuthi ama-Abenomics andisa ukungalingani kwezenziwa kwemisebenzi, nezivumelwano zezohwebo ezinjengamaPTPPP kanye ne-RCEP. Baphikisa ngokuthi imithetho yokukhula iveza inzuzo yasemaphandleni.

Ukulondeka Kwesizwe Nokuzivikela

Amaqembu adonsa ngakwesokudla asekela ukuqinisa amakhono empi eJapane, kuhlanganise nokuthola izikhali ezicitshwayo ezihamba kade kanye nezokuthutha izindiza. Asekela ukuchazwa kabusha kweSiphakamiso 9 ukuze avumele izintambo ezihlangeneyo ukuba zikwazi ukuvikela abaxhunyiwe lapho zihlaselwa. I-LDP iye yandisa imali yokuzivikela, ibeka isisulu se 2% ye-GDP (isithako se-NATO), futhi ifaka izimali ezikhungweni ze-inthambinkimbi nasezindaweni zomkhathi. I-Ubudlelwane ne-United States bukhulu, kodwa amanye amalungu e-LDP afuna futhi izibopholi eziseduze ne-demodefics ezise-Indual etholweni le-Indo-P enqabeni le-China.

Izindinganiso Zezenhlalo Nezosiko

Nakuba i-LDP ingewona amasiko angokwenhlalo njengeminye imibuthano efuna ilungelo laseNtshonalanga, ivame ukuthuthukisa izindinganiso zomkhaya ezingokwesiko kanye nendlela yokuqapha yokushintsha kwezenhlalo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-LDP iye yathatha kancane ukusekela ukulingana komshado noma isimiso sokuqamba ifaniselwa imibhangqwana eshadile. Abanye abenzi bemithetho abalungile baya eYasukuni Shrine, edumisa impi efile futhi ixabana ne-impikiswano eMpumalanga Asia. Iqembu ligcizelela futhi “isiko lamaJapane” nokushisekela izwe ngemfundo, nakuba lokhu kungokomfanekiso kakhulu kunomshayeli wezenkambiso enkulu.

Umngane Wokugcina Imali: Komeito

I-LDP ibusa ngokubambisana Komeito, iqembu lepesenti elisemhlanganweni wobuBuddha iSoka Gakai. Komeito ugxila enhlalakahleni, ekusekeleni kwezebhizinisi okuncane, nenkambiso elinganiselwe kakhulu yakwamanye amazwe. Nakuba kungahlangani ne-LDP ngezikhathi ezifanele, ihlangene nezindaba zezomnotho nezokhuseleko, ngokuvamile inciphisa izifiso zesizwe. Komeito umelene nokubukeza komthetho-mfameito kanye namasekela amakhambi empi okuxazulu, adale imigqa ethakazelisayo elawulayo.

Amanye Amandla Okuhlola Akwesokudla

UNippon Ishin (Iqembu leNguquko laseJapane) iyinhlangano elungile, elungisayo esekelwe e-Osaka. Isekela izinguquko zezomnotho ze-libray, ukunqanda, nesimiso sobushiqela esiqinile. Nippon Ishin futhi usekeli wesimiso sezifunda ezimbili nenkululeko enkulu. Ukuthandwa kwabo kukhule eminyakeni yamuva, ikakhulukazi phakathi kweqembu lasedolobheni elikhungelwe yi-LDP's. Iqembu lentando yeningi labantu (DFPP)[FFFFFFOL:3] lihlala phakathi kwephakakhulu, ekuthandeni i-ficaldatatism ne-bukeke. Iqembu lesizwe eline.[Foctal:]

Ukuqhathanisa Izimo Ezingokwesayensi Yemvelo Ngalé Kwezindaba Eziyinhloko

Ukubukezwa Komthetho - sisekelo

I-CDP, JCP) imelana kakhulu nokuvilapha iSiphakamiso 9, iphikisa ngokuthi i-Socialism iye yasebenza kahle eJapane nokuthi noma iluphi ushintsho lungabeka engozini ezimpini zakwamanye amazwe. I-oda (LDP, Nippon Ishin) ibheka ukubukezwa njengokudingekile ukuze ivume iMikhosi ye-UIF-Defense futhi ikwazi ukuma ngokuphepha okwengeziwe. I-Komeito ithatha indawo ephakathi, ivulelwe ekuhlanganiseni ulimi lwe-SDF kodwa ingaqedisi isigqebhezana sempi.

Ukukhokhwa Kwentela

Izinhlangano eziholayo zesobunxele zithanda intela eqhubekekayo, intela ephakeme yenkampani, kanye nokusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezenhlalakahle yomphakathi. Iqembu elikhomba isosha elilungile likhetha ukukhokha izintela eziphansi, ukunqanda ukumiswa kwentela, nokuhlanganisa i-frequence — nakuba i-LDP iye yakuhlehlisa ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthatha intela ngenxa yokucindezela kwezombangazwe. I-CDP iye yahlongoza “intela yemali yezezimali” ekungeniseni abantu ngabanye kanye nempahla ephakeme, kuyilapho i-LDP incike ekunciphiseni isilinganiso semali esikweleyi-DP.

Amandla Nesimo Sezulu

Impoqo yesobunxele yokuphuma ngokushesha kumandla enuzi kanye necebo elisha eliluhlaza; ilungelo lisekela inhlanganisela yamandla “engokoqobo” ehlanganisa inuzi, igesi, kanye nezinto ezivuselelwayo, igxile ekulondekeni kwamandla kanye nokuncintisana kwezomnotho. I-LDP’s Green Growth ka 2021 ibeka i-2050 karbon devil ebambene nobubanzi kodwa ithembele kakhulu ehydrogen, i-ammonia, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuthatha i-carbon esho ukuthi abagxeki bawina ukuphumelela ngesikhathi.

Isimiso Sezenhlalo

Kukulingana kwabobulili obufanayo, umshado ongowesilisa, kanye nokukhetha kwegama, izigigaba ezibophayo ezisesandleni sobunxele zithuthuka kakhulu. I CDP isekela ukulingana komshado nezibongo ezimbili; i-LDP ihlukene kodwa ngokuvamile ithatha indawo eqinile. Amaqembu asekela ukulingana kwendlela yokukhomba isokudla avame ukuphikisa ngokuthi izakhiwo zomkhaya ezingokwesiko kufanele zigcinwe, nakuba amalungu amancane e-LDP ekwazi ukuguqula.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwemithetho Yakwamanye Amazwe Nesimiso Sokwelapha

Womabili amakamu asekela ukuhlangana kwe-U.S. ne-Japane, kodwa ne-emphases ehlukene. Kwesobunxele kugcizelela indima yalomfelandawo ekuzinzeni kwesifunda neminikelo yaseJapane engeyompi; kwesokudla sibheka njengesisekelo sebutho elinamandla lempi ne-iqembu. Amaqembu ahamba-nxele azimisele kakhulu ukungenela ubudlelwano ne-China ne-North Korea; amaqembu adonsa i-odoucence athatha umugqa onzima, ikakhulukazi ezingxabanweni zezwe (Senkaku/Diayu Islands) namalungelo abantu.

Imishini Nezisekelo Zokugaya

I-LDP ijabulela ukusekelwa okukhulu phakathi kwabavoti abadala, imiphakathi yasemaphandleni, kanye nezithakazelo zebhizinisi. Amandla ayo enhlangano, kuhlanganise nokusekela kwezisebenzi zezolimo nezokukhangisa, kunikeza imidlalo yezemisebenzi enzima. Ngokuphambene, i CDP ithola ukusekela kochwepheshe basedolobheni, abavoti abasebasha, izinyunyana zezisebenzi (ikakhulukazi umphakathi), nabesifazane. I-JCP inesisekelo esiqotho phakathi kwabaqondisi bezengqondo nabashisekeli bemisebenzi, kanti i-Nippon Ishin inxusa kwabashin abashin abafuna inguquko emadolobheni nabaphathi abancane bezentengi.

Indaba yokuvota nokhetho. Indlu yabameleli isebenzisa isimiso samalungu axubene nezifunda ezinezitho eyodwa kanye nezitini zokumelelwa. Lokhu kuvumela izigaba ezinkulu njenge-LDP, ngokuvamile ezizuza izihlalo eziningi ngenani elingaphansi kwenani levoti ethandwayo ngenxa yokuphikiswa. ICDP ne-JCP ngezinye izikhathi zisebenzisana ukuze zigweme ukuhlukanisa ivoti elwa ne-LDP eyodwa, kodwa ukuphikisana kwemibono kuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-temp.

Okhetho bamuva nje lubonisa inguquko ethatha isikhathi kodwa yangempela. Kukhetho olungu-2021, i-LDP yahlala kabanzi, kodwa i-CDP yathola izihlalo. Indlu engu-2022 ye-Councils yabona ukhetho lwe-LDP-Komeito lubamba iningi layo, kanti i-Nippon Ishin yenza inzuzo ephawulekayo, izenza i-octives ihlale igxile emadolobheni nasemuva kwemiphakathini, kodwa i-ovements amanani amadala angaphezulu, kodwa amanani angaphezulu.

Ithonya Ekwenzeni Kwezimiso ZaseJapane

Ukubusa isikhathi eside kwe-LDP kusho ukuthi imiqondo edonsa ngokufanele ilololonga imiphumelo eminingi. Ukusetshenziswa kwendlela yokuvikela kuye kwanda, ukuchazwa kabusha komthetho-sisekelo kuye kwavumela indikimba ehlangeneyo ukuba izithathele ngokwayo, futhi isimiso sezomnotho sisalokhu sikhona. Nokho, isidingo se-LDP sokulondoloza umfelandawo ne-Komeito futhi silawule amaqembu angaphakathi sisho ukuthi isimiso sivame ukuhlanganisa kunokuba siqine kakhulu. Ekhohlo ukuphikisa okuqhubekayo, nakuba kungavamile, kuthonya impikiswano yomphakathi futhi kungabambezela noma kulungise izikweleta ngokuhlola iphalamende nangokucindezela kwemithombo yezindaba.

Ngokwesibonelo, i CDP yaqhubekisela phambili ngokuphumelelayo ukuxhaswa kwezezimali zabantwana ezikhuliswayo nomthetho owenqabela ubandlululo olusekelwe ekuziphatheni kobulili nasocansini — zombili izindawo lapho i-LDP yayimanqikanqika khona. Ngamandla, ukuphikisa komphakathi amandla enuzi ngemva kwe-Fukushima kwaphoqelela i-LDP ukuba ithathe isigaba esiphansi kancane kancane, naphezu kokucindezela kwezezimboni. Nokulondeka, ukugxeka okubangelwa yicala kwanezela ekugcizeleleni kukahulumeni “ukuthula” ukukhulumela, ngisho nangamandla ayanda.

Izici Zangaphandle Nokuqhathaniswa Kwamazwe Ngamazwe

Isilinganiso sokunxele kwesobunxele saseJapane singaqhathaniswa nezinye imibuso yentando yeningi ethuthukisiwe. Njengamazwe amaningi aseYurophu, amaqembu adonsa isobunxele eJapane amisa inhlalakahle, ukulingana, nendawo ezungezile; amaqembu asokudla agcizelela ukulondeka, isiko, nokukhula. Nokho, umthetho-sisekelo wesizwe waseJapane owenqabayo kanye nesimo sokulondeka esiyingqayizivele (ongavumelani ne-protectal ye-U.S., iqhathane ne-China, eseduze neNyakatho yeKorea) inikeza isigaba sokudlanganxele. Ngokungafani ne-U.S., lapho i-S. ngokuvamile i-LDP ihlanganisa kokubili i-produm ne-staism ne-oralss engokwesiko, kanti kwesobunxele kuhambisana ne-provinicrome.

Izindawo ezinamandla zibalulekile futhi. Ukukhula kweChina nezinselele zaseNyakatho Korea kuye kwabhebhethekisa ukuvikela kuqokonyiswa kwezinhlelo, kuzuzisa amaqembu ahamba ngokufanele. Okwamanje, ukuthambekela kwembulunga yonke njengenkinga yesimo sezulu nokungalingani okukhulayo kokuthumela imiyalezo yangakwesobunxele. Umphakathi waseJapane ogugile udala isisekelo esifanayo: kokubili kwesobunxele nakwesokunene sivuma isidingo senguquko yokufuduka nempesheni, nakuba zihlukile kwemininingwane.

Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo

Ukulawula kwe-LDP amandla kagesi akunakwenzeka ngokushesha, kodwa inani langaphakathi kanye nezindinganiso eziguquguqukayo zovota zingayiguqula indawo. AmaJapane amancane ayazivumela kakhulu izindaba zomphakathi, angawathembi kakhulu amandla enuzi, kodwa futhi ayazi ukuthi anamandla enuzi angcono kakhulu. Uma i CDP ingahlanganisa ukuphikiswa futhi inikeze enye ethembekile, ingabekela i-LDP inselltis/ipherances enjenge-Nippon Ishin lukhuni ebangela ukuba lomfanekiso ube lula — i-CD-P i-svota kunoma yi-CDP.

Impi entsha yomthetho-sisekelo ihlala iyindawo eyisihluthulelo. Uma i-LDP ithola inani eliphindwe kabili lesithathu kuzo zombili izindlu (ngokusekelwa abasebenza nabo kanye kanye kanye namalungu anezingqondo), i-athone eSiphakamiso 9 ingaphumelela. Umphumela ubonisa ukusekela komphakathi okuxubile — amaJapane amaningi amukela i-SDF njengegunya kodwa axwaya ukulwa okugcwele. Ukubukeza okuphumelelayo kungathuthukisa impikiswano yesobunxele se-Japane amashumi eminyaka.

Izinselele zezomnotho — izikweletu, ukuncipha kwenani labantu — ziyoqhubeka zihlola womabili amakamu. Indlela ye-LDP yokukhula kokuqala idinga ukudayiswa; indlela ye-CDP yokunikeza kuqala ingabhekana nesithiyo esiqinile. Isimiso sesimo sezulu, ushintsho lwezinombolo, nokushintsha kwemisebenzi kuzonikeza izindawo ezintsha zokuphikisana. Ekugcineni, ikusasa lezombangazwe laseJapane liyonqunywa ngokuthi uhlangothi ngalunye luyobhekana kanjani nombuzo oyinhloko: indlela yokulinganisela ukulondeka, ukuchuma, nokulunga kwezenziwa emhlabeni oshintsha ngokushesha.

Isiphetho Sokuqonda Ukuhlukana Kwezombangazwe KwaseJapane

Amaqembu asokhohlo nangakwesokudla eJapane anikeza imibono ehlukile yendlela yesizwe eqhubekela phambili. Amaqhawe asekhohlo aletha ukuthula, ubulungisa bezenhlalo, kanye nobuphathi bendawo ezungezile; anelungelo lokumisa ukulondeka, ukukhula kwezomnotho, nezindinganiso ezingokwesiko. Akukho nhlangothi olunohlobo olulodwa, futhi ukuhlukahluka kwemidanti. Kubafundi, abafundisi, nezingqapheli, ukuhlaziya lokhu mehluko kunikeza ukuqonda hhayi kuphela kwezombangazwe zamaJapan kodwa nasemandleni amakhulu ezinhlangano zentando yeningi ezibhekene nezinselele ezifanayo.

Ngokuhlola umongo ongokomlando, amaqembu ayinhloko, nezikhundla ezithile zesimiso ezichazwe ngenhla, umuntu angayiqonda kangcono imiphumela yokhetho, izinqumo zikahulumeni, kanye nemibono yezombangazwe ezoguqula indima yeJapane ekhulwini lama - 21. Njengoba iJapan ihlola isimo esingaqinisekile sezombangazwe nezomnotho, ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla esobunxele nawakwesokudla kuyohlala kuyindaba eyinhloko.

Ukufunda Okwengeziwe Nemithombo