I-Good Wearth Advrence, eyasayinwa ngo-10 April 1998, igujwa kabanzi njengesikhathi esichithwayo emlandweni we-Northern Ireland. Yaqeda iminyaka engamashumi amathathu yempi enobudlova eyaziwa ngokuthi iZinkathazo, eyabulala ukuphila okungaphezu kuka-3 500 futhi yashiya izibazi ezijulile zezenhlalo nemizwelo. Nakuba abaklami bezombangazwe be-Aprogrence — uTony Blair, u-Ahern, u-John Hume, noDavid Trible — ngokufanelekile bamukela isibopho, umsebenzi wezinsuku ezisekela ukuthula owenziwa ngosuku lwezinhlalo nosuku lonke, uwele kakhulu eqedweni elingenambutha: abaholi bomphakathi. Laba bantu, abasebenza ezindlini zezindlu, izakhiwo zesonto, nezikhungosimendo eziqinile, babheka izinselele zemisebenzi yabo ezindaweni eziphambili zomsebenzini eziphambili.

Umlando: Izinkinga Nendlela Eya Ekuthuleni

Ukuze umuntu aqonde ukubaluleka kobuholi bomphakathi, kumelwe aqale aqonde ukujula kokwahlukana i-Good Wear Agreement eyayifuna ukukupholisa. Izinkinga (c. 1968-1988) kwakuyimpi yamahlelo phakathi komphakathi wobuProthestani obudlangile, owawufuna i-Northern Ireland ukuba ihlale iyingxenye ye-United Kingdom, futhi umphakathi wobuKatolika obusakhamuzi, owawufuna i-Ireland enobunye. Amaqembu amabutho empi nhlangothi zombili, kanye neButho loMkhosi waseBrithani neRoyal Ulster Constabtaling, ahileleke emjikelezweni odlangile imiphakathi. Izinkulungwane zemikhaya zafuduka, futhi zonke izindawo zomakhelwane zaze zathola umphakathi zigqekelwe yizigobezo zobunye ukuthula okusalokhu kuminyene namuhla.

I-Good Wear Agreement kwakuyisivumelwano sezombangazwe esiyinkimbinkimbi esadala uhulumeni ophethe amandla, wamisa izinhlangano zemingcele enqamuleneyo, futhi waqaphela isimiso semvume i-— ukuthi i-Northern Ireland yayingashiya i-UK kuphela uma iningi livotela. Kodwa isivumelwano futhi sasinengxenye ebalulekile, engaqashelwanga kakhulu: ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuthula kwakudinga okwengeziwe kunezinhlangano zezombangazwe. Ingxenye yayo ku "Iziqinisi, iZivikeli nenani le-Orrogen" yabeka isisekelo somsebenzi womphakathi, umthetho we-ukulingana, nokuthuthukiswa komphakathi ohlukene. Lokhu kulapho abaholi bomphakathi bangenela khona, ukuhumusha izikhundla zezombangazwe eziphambili ziyehlela ezingeni eliphezulu ekuphileni kwansuku zonke.

Indima Yabaholi Bomphakathi Emuva Kwempi YaseNyakatho Ireland

Abaholi bomphakathi e-Northern Ireland bavela ezizindeni ezihlukahlukene i-— amaqembu okholo, izisebenzi zentsha, izinhlanganisela zabesifazane, ababeba amabutho abakhi bokuthula, nabashisekeli bendawo. Bahlanganyela isibopho esinqumweni sempi engenabudlova nenkolelo yokuthi ukuthula okuhlala njalo kumelwe kwakhiwe ngokusuka emhlabathini. Umsebenzi wabo ungahlanganiswa ezindaweni ezimbalwa eziyinhloko, ngayinye ibalulekile ekusekeleni i-Good Wearth Accounciption.

Izihloko Nemizwa Ephakeme

Umsebenzi oyisisekelo kakhulu wobuholi bomphakathi ukwenza izindawo lapho abantu abavela emasikweni ahlukene behlangana ngokuphepha. Eminyakeni esheshayo yangemva kokuthula no-Glencree Centre, imiphakathi eminingi yahlala ihlukene kakhulu. [U-Commons] Communitys [umthetho-mgomo wokuxoxa], njengomsebenzi weCormeela Community ne Glencree Centre for Peace and Conciliation, yanikeza isisekelo sokungathathi hlangothi ezitheni zokuxoxa. Lezi zingxoxo ngokuvamile zazibuhlungu, zifuna abahlanganyeli ukuba bavume ukulimala nokubekwa icala. Abaholi basebenza njengemithetho eqinile, ukuqondisa imizwelo, nokuqondisa izingxoxo ezingokwesikhathi. Le zingxoxo zaveza ubuhlobo obuhlala njalo, nemiphakathi yezindawo ezihlanganisa izinhlangano zezemfundo, kanye nezokusekela kwezemfundo, ukuphatha isikole.

Ukusekela kwendawo kwakubalulekile: ngokwesibonelo, [[FLT: 0] ukwakhiwa kweNgqungquthela yeMessiness kuhlanganisa amaProthestani namaKatolika ukuba bakhumbule labo abafa eMpini Yezwe I, besebenzisa inkumbulo efanayo engokomlando njengebhuloho lokubuyisana. Ngokufanayo, uhlelo lokuThula [i-Meappy] lusebenzisa i-backet kanye neminye imidlalo ukuze luphule imingcele phakathi kwezingane. Lezinyathelo, nakuba zincane ngokwesilinganiso, zidala imikhuba yokubambisana nsuku zonke eyenza amandla ezombangazwe akhona. Ngaphandle kwabo, abaholi base-Spollantt soze bahluleka ukuhlehla emphakathini abamele.

Abaxhumanisi Phakathi Kwezinhlangano Zezenhlalo Nezombangazwe

Abaholi bomphakathi basebenza futhi njengezindlela ezimbili ezibalulekile zokuxhumana. Uma kuphakama izingxabano zezombangazwe, njengoba benza phakathi nokubhikisha kwefulege ngo-2012-2013 noma ukuwa kwesigaba samandla alawulayo ngo-2017-2020, abaholi bomphakathi ngokuvamile baba ngabokuqala ukubuzwa. Bafaka izisusa ezikhathaza abameleli bezombangazwe futhi, futhi, ngokulandelayo, bachaza ukunqandeka kokubusa komakhelwane babo. [[FLT: 0] indima yokulawula ibaluleke kakhulu ezindaweni ezinezikhungo ze-— izindawo lapho izindonga zokuthula zihlukanisa khona izinyunga zenhlangano yezombangazwe nezenhlalo yesizwe. Lapha, izisebenzi zomphakathi zigada imingcele, zifaka ukuxabana kobudlova emigwaqweqweni.

Izinhlangano ezinjenge Izinhlangano ezisekelwe ekuthembekeni okungaguquguquki , ezixhaswe yi-European Peace IV program, zisebenzisa abakhi abanikezelwe boxolo abasebenza nezakhamuzi zendawo ukuze baphawule izimpawu ze-fingstings futhi bathuthukise izimiso zokulwa kwasekuqaleni. Impumelelo yabo incike ekuthembeni okujulile okwakhiwe eminyakeni yobukhona obungaguquguquki. [[FLT:]] i-Non North Ireland Community Community Councial Council[ inikeza ukuqeqeshwa nemithombo enjalo yotshalo, ibuye ithuthukise ukuthi ulwazi lwendawo lungashintsheki. Ngisho. Ngisho nalapho izinhlangano zezombangazwe zihluleka, lezimiso zomphakathi zihlala zisebenza, zivimbela ukutsheka kwemizwa edlalile ebudloveni.

Ukuhlola Izifo Eziholwa Umphakathi

Isibonelo seDerry-Londonderry

Idolobha laseDerry/eLondonderry, indawo yeNgqungquthela yegazi ngeSonto ngo-1972, iye yaba indawo yokuhlola ukuvuselelwa komphakathi ngokuthula. Ngemva kwesivumelwano, abaholi bendawo abavela uThidelo olungcwele[ ne [[FLT:] Pat Finucane Center [[[FLT:]][FLT]][FLT]][FLT][F:3]] [isebenza eduze namaqembu omphakathi asebenzela ukusungula iMuziyamuziyamu weFree Derry[FLT] [[FLT]] kanye ne-Foct:6] Isikhungo. Lezi zinhlangano azikhokhisi emaphahleni; esikhundleni semiba, ziveza izingxabano eziningi, zivumela ukuba ziqonde izigidingo zomphakathi zomphakathi womphakathi womphakathi womphakathi womphakathi womphakathi womphakathi womphakathi womhlaba, futhi zisebenzisa izicelo zeze inselele, inselele izinhlangano, izinhlangano ezihlangene, i

Ngo-2013, i-Derry yayiyisiqalo se-UK City of Culture, isiqu abaholi bomphakathi ababesifunele ngenxa yokunikeza ithuba lokuveza ukuthi isiphi isici esifanayo. Uhlelo lonyaka wonke lwaluhlanganisa izenzakalo ezinqamule i-commony ezakhanga izakhamuzi ezazingahlangani neze. Ifa laleyo mizamo lihlala njalo: izenzakalo zezindlu ezixubile, izikhangiso zezebhizinisi ezihlangene, kanye nokwehla kwezehlakalo ezihlukene edolobheni. Isibonelo sibonisa indlela ukuhola kwezenhlalo okungaguqula ngayo isivumelwano sezombangazwe sibe yiqiniso elingokoqobo lokubambisana.

Inethiwekhi yabesifazane yokuhola

Abesifazane baye bavelele kakhulu ekwakheni ukuthula komphakathi, ngokuvamile besebenza ngaphansi kwesasasa lezombangazwe. Amaqembu anjenge- I-European Platform na i-Resolve and Development Agency ilungiselele ukuqeqesha nokusekela abesifazane ukuba bangene ezimisweni zezombangazwe. [[FLT:] I-Amen yase-Northern Ireland's Coalition[[[FLT:]], eyasungulwa ngo-1961], yayiwumkhiqizo oqondile wokuhlanganisa umphakathi. Yayiqhubela ngempumelelo ukufakwa kwabesifazane engxoxweni elungile nasezihlalweni ezimbili. [integnst progreestions of arences transsion of providential.

Kuleyo ndawo, Izikhundla zabesifazane ezindaweni ezinjenge Falls Road ne Shankill Road sekuyisikhathi eside zisebenza njengezindawo ezilondekile lapho abesifazane abahlala kuyo yomibili imiphakathi bengahlangana khona, baxoxele ukuba abazali, umsebenzi, nokuphepha komphakathi, futhi bathuthukise imizamo ehlangene. [ Babulala abesifazane [[FLT] [[FLT:]] [[FLT]] ne-FLT] i-Folls's Centrest [[ ixhumelect] ihlangene ekwenzeni imisebenzi ekhuluma ngobudlova basekhaya, ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho, nokuhlanganyela komphakathi. Laba baqondise ukuthi kuhambisana nokuthula nokuxhumana komphakathi. Umsebenzi wabo ukhumbuza ukuthi ukuphathana komphakathi kuphela ukuphikisana kwesinqumo kodwa akuvumi umphakathi.

Ababelwa Besikhathi Esidlule Njengabakhi Bokuthula

Enye yezindlela zobuholi bomphakathi eziphikisana kakhulu kodwa eziphumelelayo iye yavela kumalungu angaphambili empi aye alahla ubudlova. I-Good Wearth Agreement yahlanganisa amalungiselelo okukhululwa kwasekuqaleni kweziboshwa, ukuthutha okwakubuhlungu kakhulu ezisulwini kodwa okwakubalulekile ekwakheni ukuthula okuphelele. Abaningi ababeyiziboshwa manje basebenza emisebenzi yomphakathi exosha intsha ebudloveni. Izinhlangano ezinjenge [[FLD:] [[FLD]] i-Conf futhi futhi [i-EP] i-EC (Ex-Prison Libatection Center)) isebenzisa imisebenzi yomphakathi evimbela abantu abaqotho nababelwayo ukuba bakhiphe izinhlelo zobulungisa, izinkonzo zezokulungisa, izinkonzo zezemfundo. Laba baholi bayakwazi ukukhokhalisa ngokuqondile ngenxa yokuziswe ngobudlova babo.

Ukuhlola kwangaphandle kubonise ukuthi imiphakathi ephethe imishini yokwakha ukuthula eqinile elwayo ithola amazinga aphansi emisebenzi yezempi namazinga aphakeme enhlangano yomphakathi. Inselele iwukuqinisekisa ukuthi laba baholi bayaqashelwa futhi baxhaswe [ ukungaqiniseki ngokwezimali okusongela umsebenzi wabo.

Izinselele Nezithiyo

Ukusekela i - Good Freenda Adment akudingi nje amandla okuzithandela kuphela kodwa kudinga ukusekela kwezinhlangano nezimali, okuye kwaba okuguquguqukayo.

Ukusongelwa Kwezokulondeka Nezingozi Zomuntu Siqu

Abaholi bomphakathi bavame ukusebenza ezimweni eziguquguqukayo. Ngezinye izikhathi bahlaselwa amaRepublic noma amaqembu athembekile aphikisana nenqubo yokuthula. Ukubekwa uvalo, ukusongelwa, nokuhlaselwa kwe-arson] kuphoqelele abakhi abaningana abanokuthula ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo noma bashiye umsebenzi wabo. Ukubulawa kukaLyra McKee ngo-2019, nakuba kungelona umholi womphakathi, kwaqokomisa ingozi eqhubekayo kulabo abazama ukuhlukanisa ibhuloho. Kubaholi abaningi, ingozi iyanda iqiniso lokuthi bahlala emiphakathini efanayo lapho besebenza khona, bebenza bangakwazi ukuphindisela. Ukuvikela nokuqeqesha okungathi sína ezindaweni ezisebenzela ukusekela ukuthula.

Ukulinganiselwa Kwemithombo Yezinto Nokuncipha Kwemali

Ukwakha ukuthula komphakathi kuncike kakhulu emsebenzini wesikhashana wesikhankaso, ngokuvamile kusukela e-European Union noma izisekelo zezenhlalakahle. I-Brexit yabangela ukungaqiniseki okukhulu: i-Speace IV ne-PUS uhlelo lwe-UK-compane-convement luthathelwe indawo amasuntrakthi asungulwe nge-bureaucratics nokwehlisa ukuvumelana. Izinhlangano ezake zasebenza emijikelezweni ebanzi manje zilwela ukuvuselelwa kwaminyaka yonke, zichitha isikhathi esiningi ekuqoqeni kunokuxhasa okungokoqobo kokwakha ukuthula. Ngokwemibiko ye- i-Comuny Relation Colunity Counity Councial [FLD:1], amaqembu amaningi otshaniwe otshaniswe ngotshani manje avala noma aphinde ancipheka imisebenzi emuva ngenxa yokuxhasa izimali. Lokhu kunciphisa ukuthembana nokuphathana komphakathi.

Ukushintsha Kwezombangazwe Nokungahleleki Kwezinhlangano

Ukuwa kwe-Northern Ireland Guetive kusukela ngo-2017 kuya ku-202020, nokuhlukana kwesikhungo sezombangazwe okwalandela, kuye kwacindezela kakhulu abaholi bomphakathi. Uma abameleli benqaba ukusebenza ndawonye, abaholi bomphakathi bashiywa ukuba balawule izingxabano eziwumphumela. Ukubuya kwamazwi aqinile nhlangothi zombili, ukukhuliswa kwezezesayensi yezenhlalo, kwenza umsebenzi wokwakha uvumelane kakhulu. Kwezinye izindawo, abaholi bomphakathi babika ukuthi basolwa ngokuba baxabana kakhulu ngezinhlangothi zabo, kuyilapho bengethembane ngakolunye uhlangothi. Lokhu kusebenza ngokuphindwa kabili kungaholela ekutubekeni nasekudumazekeni, kubangele ukuba abaholi abanekhono bashiye insimu.

Isizukulwane Esilandelayo: Intsha Nabaholi Abazofika

Isilinganiso esiyinhloko sokuthi i-Good Freeve Reconvect ihlala ikhona ukuthi intsha ithatha izinga elingakanani indima yobuholi bomphakathi. I-Northern Ireland inezingane ezingaphansi kwengxenye yeminyaka engu-40. Eziningi zazo azinayo inkumbulo eqondile yeNkingo, kodwa ziyaqhubeka zikhula ezimisweni zemfundo ezihlukene, zihlala ezindlini ezihlukene, futhi zibhekene namahlelo. Izinhlelo zobuholi bomphakathi ezihlasela intsha, njenge- i-Uster University Youth Peace and Reconciliation Netwoution [[FLT:] [FLT]] [FLT:] [FLT] [FF:2]] [FLT] [FF:] [FFLT]] kanye [FF:] ne-UMnumG: Not. [5]

Abaholi abasebasha baletha imibono emisha, amakhono emishini, nokuzimisela ukubekela ifa labo inselele. Basebenzisa imithombo yezokuxhumana ukuze bakhe izibopho ezinqamule i-communters futhi basekele izimpikiswano ezinjengobulungisa bemo yezulu nokulingana kwezomnotho okudlula ukuhlukana kwakudala. Nokho, babhekene nosongo lokuthola inguquko ku-inthanethi ngethonya leze-inthanethi lezempi lamasosha adla izisulu zobusha. Ukusekela intsha ukuba iholi lomphakathi kusho ukunikeza izithuba ezilondekile ku-ingosini, ukunikeza umfundisi, namathuba abonakalayo okulungisa isimiso sokwakheka. Uhlelo lwezentengizimu Ireland lwe-Rhulumente luye lwagunyaza embusweni we-"intsha, kodwa ukuhlelwa kweqembu lezentengiselwano. Ngaphandle kokuhlukanisa, ukuhlukaniswa kwezekwa kwe-ibhukwini ngeke kuthathwe.

Ukusekela Kwangaphandle Neziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo

Umphakathi wezizwe zonke uye waba isisebenzi esibalulekile sobuholi bomphakathi eNyakatho Ireland. I-United States, nge International Fund ye-Ireland, iye yalungiselela izakhiwo zokuthula ezingaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu - £1 kusukela ngo 1986, eziningi zazo zathunyelwa emaqenjini omphakathi. Izinhlelo ze-EU's Peace ziye zasekela izinhlelo zokunqamula imingcele, ukuhambelana kwemali, nokwakha amandla. Kodwa njengoba le mithombo yangaphandle incipha noma iqala, ukusekelwa kwendawo kuya phambili. I-Inyakatho ye-Ireland Foundation ye-Paceance ne-Conciliation[FLT], i-ault, ukuhambelana kwemali ephithropic, izama ukugcwalisa igebeyisi, kodwa inciphe.

Uma bebheka phambili, abaholi bomphakathi bacela inqubo yokuxhasa imali enikezelwe, ethatha isikhathi eside ehlangene nemijikelezo yezombangazwe. Badinga futhi ukuqashelwa kangcono komsebenzi wabo njengomsebenzi, kuhlanganise nezimfanelo ezingokomthetho, izindlela zomsebenzi, nokusekela impilo yengqondo. Umbono we-Good Wear Agreement yomphakathi ofanayo uzakuhlala unethemba ngaphandle kokuba abantu abawenzayo bawenze emhlabathini bathengwe kahle.

" Ukwakha ukuthula okuhlangene akuyona into yokunethezeka noma ukunezelwa kwezombangazwe. Yigumbi lenjini lokubuyisana. Ngaphandle kwalo, noma imuphi umlilo umane uyikhefu nje." — isisebenzi somphakathi esingumakad ’ ebona saseNyakatho Belfast, 2023.[[FL:1]

Isiphetho: Ukusekela Isivumelwano Ngokuhola Kuzo Zonke Izinga

Iminyaka engamashumi amabili nanhlanu kuqhubeke, i-Good Wear Advement isalokhu iyimpumelelo ephawulekayo, kodwa izisekelo zayo aziyona into ehlala njalo. Ukuntengantenga kwezombangazwe, i-Brexit, ukushintshwa kwenani labantu, nokungaguquguquki kwenani labantu, nokungalungiswanga kwesikhathi esidlule kuyaqhubeka kuvivinya ukuthula. Abaholi bomphakathi baye baba abavikeleki bokuthula, besebenza ngokungakhathali ezikhundleni izazi zezombangazwe ezingafinyeleli. Baye bakha ithemba phakathi kwemigqa ehlukeneni yehlelo, abanikeze umxhumanisi wabantwana, basekela izisulu, futhi bavimbela izigwegwegwegwe ezingenakuba khona. Umsebenzi wabo umfuziselo ophilayo wesithembiso se-Acrogiates ofspeding.

Ukuze ukuthula kubekezelelwe, lobubuholi bomphakathi kumelwe busekelwe, bunwetshwe, futhi buphinde bufunyaniswe. Lokho kusho ukusekela imali eqinile, ukuqashelwa kwezombangazwe, kanye nesibopho esivela kohulumeni bobabili eLondon naseDublin kukuqala utshani bokubuyisana. Ikusasa laseNyakatho Ireland alixhomeke kuphela kwezazi zezombangazwe ezihlala eSporpontt kodwa ezinkulungwaneni zabantu abavamile abakhetha nsuku zonke ukwakha amabhuloho esikhundleni sezindonga. I-Good Wesihlanu Agreement yabanika isakhiwo; manje isibopho somphakathi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi banamathuluzi okuqeda umsebenzi.