Ukwanda Komsindo Womsindo

Ukuvota kwakuqala kuye kwalungisa ukuthatha uhlangothi kokhetho oluyisisekelo, kuvumela izakhamuzi ukuba zilahle izinsuku noma ngisho amasonto ngaphambi koSuku Lokhetho. Lokhu kusuka esibonelweni sokuvota sosuku olulodwa kuya efeni elikhudlwana ukuze kuncishiswe izithiyo futhi kukhuliswe ukutholakala. Lomkhuba waqala ukuzuza incazelo ephawulekayo ekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka njengabaphathi bemithetho nabaphathi bokhetho baqaphela ukuthi isimiso esiqinile sosuku olulodwa lokukhetha sasusa izingxenye eziphawulekayo zezisebenzi ezikhethiwe //izisebenzi ezihlukene, abafundi, nabantu ngabanye abanezibophopho eziphathisiwe. Ngo-2020 U.U.U.umongameli wokhetho, ekuqaleni kwamashumi ama-60% abo bonke abavota abakhankatha ezimpi ezikhulu, isibalo esibonisa ukuthi isigaba sawodwa esiyinhloko sezokuphatha izikhulu zanamuhla.

Umlando Nokwanda

Inhlangano yokuvota yanamuhla e-United States iqala ukufundwa ngawo-1970, lapho izifunda ezimbalwa ziqala ukuvota ngokushesha njengesilinganiso esilula. iCalifornia neTexas zaziphakathi kwamaphayona, zinikeza izikhathi zokuvota ezilinganiselwe zisemuva kakhulu ngenjongo yokunciphisa ukucindezela kokuhlola izindawo. Emashumini eminyaka alandelanayo, umkhuba wanwetshwa ngokushesha. Ngonyaka wama 2000, amazwe angaphezu kwama-350 aye amukele uhlobo oluthile lokuvota kwasekuqaleni, kungaba kuyi-person noma ngeposi. Ubhadaba olungu 2020 lwandisa lomkhuba, njengoba ama-reversimu anwebe ekhona ezweni lonke ukuze kuvikelwe impilo yomphakathi. Lokhu kwakusho okufana nokuvota okuqala kwe-Georgia kwaba indlela yokuhlanganyela, kanti abanye aba nengxenye enkulu ye-New York, futhi i-New York, i-Dans, njengoba ukuvota okusetshenziswa kwe-octivery, ukwanda kwezindawo zokuvota-opera kwe-operanda kakhulu, nakuba kusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezindawo ezisembusweni ze-osemuva, i-Fla.[0] Imibuso ezindaweni ezivamile, umthetho ovamile, u

Ukutholwa Nokungezwani Kwamazwe Ngamazwe

Ngaphandle kwe-United States, ukuvota kwasekuqaleni kuye kwamukelwa ngamazinga ahlukene empumelelo. ECanada, ukuvota kwakuqala kukhona ngokhetho lukahulumeni ngo- “kuhlola” kuvulwe izinsuku ezine cishe ngesonto ngaphambi kokhetho. Isimiso saseCanada sibika ukuthi kuthatha, nangaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-20% abavoti abasebenzisa izinqumo zamuva eziqhubekayo. I-Australia inikeza ukuvota okuphoqelelwe kodwa futhi kunikeza ukuvota kwangaphambi konyaka okuye kwabonwa kusetshenziswa kusukela ku-2% ngo-2050 kuya ku-52025, kuqhutshwa ukuvota nangaphambi kwempucuko. I-uthobo i-mfota ekhona ivumela ukuvota okusheshayo emijikelezweni engcono kakhulu, kanti izizwe eziningi zaseYurophu, njengeFinland neSweden, zinikeza ukuvota njengesilinganiso esisesilinganisweni esivamile sezimiso zokuvota. Lezi zibonelo emhlabeni wonke ukuthi ukuvota okunganye ukuphumelela kwezakhamuzi emhlabeni wonke ukuphumelela kokuyidla isilinganiso.

Izinzuzo Zokusakaza Imiphumela Kusenesikhathi

Ukuvota kwasekuqaleni kunikeza izinzuzo ezidlulela ngalé kosizo olulula, ezithonya ngokuqondile izindlela zomkhankaso, namasu okukhetha nokumelela kokhetho. Ukucwaninga kuhlale kubonisa ukuthi lapho izakhamuzi zinamathuba engeziwe okuvota, ukuhlanganyela kwazo kuyakhula, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamaqembu akhona esikhathini esidlule aye achazwa phansi.

Ukufinyelela Nekhono Elandisiwe Lokungakhululeki

Inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu yokuvota kwasekuqaleni ukuncishiswa kwemingcele yokwakha. Ngokwesibonelo, abantu abanezimo zomsebenzi eziqinile, impilo, imithwalo yezingane, noma ukulinganiselwa kokuhamba ngokuvamile abanakufinyelela izindawo zokuhlola phakathi nefasitela elimngcingo loSuku Lokuvota. Ngokunikeza izinsuku eziningi namahora anwetshiwe, ukuvota kusheshe kunikeze indlela engokoqobo yebhokisi lebhola. Ngokwesibonelo, inkathi yokuvota yasekuqaleni eFlorida iqala ngezinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili kuya kweziyishumi nane, kuhlanganise neMigqibelo neSonto, ukwandisa ngokuphawulekayo ukufinyelela izisebenzi ezisebenza ngehora kanye nalabo abancikene nokwethuthwalwa umphakathi. Ukuhlola okusheshayo kunikeza indlela engokoqobo ye-Americangreestion [FLT][FLD:1]] isho ukuthi izinhlelo zokuvota eziphambili zishintsha izinga lezinsuku ezingu-3,[7] kunezingaphazansi eziphakathi kwezingakhulu kanye nezingakhulu kakhulu.

Ukuncishiswa Kosuku Lokukhetha Namaphutha

Uma izigidi zabavoti zihlangana ezindaweni zokuhlola phakathi nefasitela elilodwa lehora, imigqa inganwebeka amahora, imishini ingaqhekeka, futhi izisebenzi zokuvota zinganqotshwa. Ukuvota kwakuqala kusakaza lomthwalo, kunciphisa izikhathi futhi kunciphise izenzakalo zokukhungatheka kovoti noma ukunqanda i-offranchise. Imigca futhi inciphisa amathuba okuthi umvoti uzoshiya ngaphambi kokuba afake ibhola lomshini, into eyaziwa ngokuthi “ukushiya imoto.” Kukhetho oluvamile lwaseGeorgia olungu 20202020, izindawo zokuvota ezisheshayo ezihlelwe ngaphambi koSuku lokhetho, ezinikela isilinganiso sokulinda okungaphansi kwemizuzu engu-15 yokhetho ngosuku lokugcina i-ccoffator ngokunembile, okubonakala ngokushekelelenembe kakhulu phakathi nosuku oluphawulwe phakathi nonyaka ka-2018181818.

Imfundo ye-voter nokwenziwa kwesinqumo

Ukuvota kwasekuqaleni kuvumela izakhamuzi ukuba zicwaninge futhi zithathe ama-collet ngaphandle kokucindezela kwesikhathi ngosuku olulodwa. Abavoli abaphonsa amabhola kusenesikhathi bavame ukubika ukuthi bazizwa beboshelwe kakhulu ngezindaba, njengoba bengasebenzisa izimpikiswano zangaphambi kokukhetha, abaqondisi, kanye nokuhlola imithombo yemali. Eminye imikhakha elawulayo ivumela ngisho “abavoti abaqalayo" ngezindawo zolwazi kanye nezinto zemfundo ezingangeni ezifundisayo. Nakuba abagxeki bephikisa ngokuthi ukuvota kuvele kunciphisa ithuba lokusabela ekuqedweni kwezindaba, ubufakazi busikisela ukuthi iningi labavoti abavotayo kakade seliseke izingqondo zabo ngokwezinyanga zomkhankaso. Ushintsho lokuhlola ijubane lomuntu siqu lunganciphisa ithonya lemfundo yokugcina yezokukhangisa noma izinto ezingezinhlenga, ukukhohlise amathuba amaningi.

Izinselele Nezingqinamba Ezingase Ziba Khona

Naphezu kwezinzuzo zakho, ukuvota kwasekuqaleni kunezinselele ezingathi sína.

Izidingo Zokuhlakanipha Nezengcebo

Ukugcwalisa isilinganiso sokuvota kwasekuqaleni kudinga ukuhlelwa kusengaphambili okukhulu. Izikhulu zokhetho kumelwe zinikeze izakhiwo zokuvota eziningi zisebangeni eliphambili, zithole imishini yokuvota nemishini yephepha eyanele, futhi zilawule amahora amaningi okusebenza. Ngokuvamile ngezindleko ezisetshenziswayo kakade ezisetshenziswayo. Izindawo ezincinci, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, zingase zintuleke izakhiwo noma izisebenzi zokunikeza ukuvota okunamandla kwasekuqaleni. Lokhu kungadala izakhiwo zasemaphandleni lapho abavoti abavoti banokufinyelela khona kakhulu lapho abavoti bebhekene khona isikhathi eside lapho abavoti beboshela izimoto bebhekene nezindawo zokuvota eziseduze kakhulu. Ngokwezimo ezinjengaseTexas, lapho abantu behluka kakhulu, izindawo zokuvota ezisa kuqala zitholakala khona, zishiya izakhamuzi zasemaphandleni ezinezinkeko ezimbalwa. [FOctal:] i-Konsotion Comtion [FF:] izikhulu zeze izikhulu zezindawo eziphawuliwe zilinganiselwe ezilinganiselwe kakhulu, ezisezisezingeni ezisemuva kakhulu, ezithi zikhona, ezithi ziphinde zibuye zibuye ziguqulene.

Ukulondeka Nokukhathazeka Ngobuqotho

Amabhola afakwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kumelwe agcinwe ngokuphepha izinsuku noma amasonto ngaphambi kokuba avivinywe. Lenkathi yokunakekela umntwana iveza amathuba okungaphathwa kahle, ukweba, noma ukuguqula, ikakhulukazi uma iketanga lezinqubo ze-conomist zingaqiniswanga kakhulu. Nakuba izenzakalo zokukhwabanisa zingavamile kakhulu, izibonakaliso zokungavikeleki komphakathi zinganciphisa ukuqiniseka ngemiphumela yokukhetha. Amanye amazwe asebenzisa imithetho eqinile, njengamathuba ahlukene, ukuguqula izimpawu ezicacile, nokuqashelwa kwevidiyo, ukuze anciphise lezi zingozi. Nokho, umthwalo wokuphepha uphakeme kakhulu ekuvotelweni kwasekuqaleni kosuku olufanayo, lapho abavoti bebalwa khona ngalobo busuku obunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvota kungabangela ukuba kube lula ikhono lokulungiselela ibhola elilungiselelwe kamuva labo abafunde ibhola kakade sebezitholile ibhola eligciniwe kakade.

Ukudideka Kwezimila Nemininingwane Engalungile

Ukushintsha kwezinqubo zokuvota kuvame ukubangela ukudideka. Abavoti bangafika ezindaweni zokuvota ngokushesha kodwa bazithole zivalekile noma zisendaweni engafanele. Imithetho ehlukene yeposi ngokumelene nokuvota kwasekuqaleni ingadala imiyalezo ephikisanayo. Phakathi nomjikelezo ka-202020, ukungaqondi ngezikhathi zokuvota zakudala, amabhokisi okuvota, futhi ukuphepha kwakugcwele kakhulu ezindaweni zokuvota, kuholela abanye abavoti ukuba bangathembi inqubo noma baphuthe isikhathi esimisiwe. Izikhulu ze-costa kumelwe zifake imali enkulu emikhankasweni yemfundo yomphakathi ukuze ziqinisekise ukuthi ivote nini, nini, futhi kanjani ukuvota kwasekuqaleni. Ngisho, ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi inani elikhulu labavoti abavoti abaqalayo abangazange baqaphele izindlela zokuvota, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabasha abashana nabaqala ukuvota.

Amandla Okuzilawula Nokusebenzisa Izindlela Ezikahle

Ukuvota kwakuqala kungahambisana namasu omkhankaso ngendlela ethinta imiphumela. Ama-Candida kanye namadili avame ukuthatha ama-condis asemashayeleni kakade, abavumela ukuba bashintshe imithombo ukuze bafake ithonya lokungahlangani nabavoti abashiyekile noma bakhiphe abaxhasi abaphansi. Lokhu kungaholela ekuhlopheni ukudlulisa imiyalezo engase ithonyeke ngokushesha. Kuwo wonke amaqembu aseduze, umuntu ofaka uphawu ivoti enkulu yakudala angase abonakale enejubane, engase ashukumise ukukhomba nokunikela okungahleli kuyo. Nakuba lokhu kungeyona inkinga engokwemvelo, kuphakamisa imibuzo yokuthi ukuvota kuvele kunikezele ngethuba eliphambili lokuphumelela kwemikhankambiswa kwemininingwane eqinile ngeminyango kanye nemisebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucwaninga okuthile kusikisela ukuthi ukuvota kwasekuqaleni kungabonakala kunamandla phakathi kwababe bengaba khona phakathi kwababhikidiyo, uma beqondana bebo abambalwa befuna ukuqhaza i-Eunication. Uma beqonda ukuthi lokhu kuveza umphumela ombano oluphi.” kodwa kuveza ukuqandandandayo.

Umphumela Womoya Ovela Ezindaweni Ezishisayo: Ubufakazi Bomshoshaphansi

Nakuba abaningi besekela ukuvota nokuvota kuyinkimbinkimbi, abanye ababheki bephepha babonisa ukuthi umphumela ungase ube nesizotha kulowo ovota kuqala, kuye ngokuthi usetshenziswa kanjani.

Ukwanda Okubangelwa Ukuhlasela

Ukuhlola kwezwe kwathola ukuthi ukuvota kwakuqala kuhlangene ne-2-5% yeqophelo lokhetho, okunemiphumela emikhulu phakathi kwabavoti abavamile. Ukuhlola okunezimpawu ku-Gronke, Galanes-Rosenbaum, noMiller (2007) bathola ukuthi ukuvota kwakuqala kwavezwa ngo-3-4% kukhetho lukamongameli kanye no-2-3.3% phakathi kwama-partum. Ukuhlolwa kwamuva okuncishisela ukwanda komqedazwelo wamashumi amabili kuyaqinisekisa ukuthi ukukhipha isilinganiso sokungafaki sheki kubone ukuphakama kwenani 4 /6% kunezinqumiso ezivimbela inani labantu, ukulawula izici ezihlanganisa inani labantu nababelwayo. Nokho, umphumela awukho emhlabeni wonke: ngokuvota amafasitela asemancane kakhulu (amasonto amabili) ngezinye izikhathi uyancipha, njengoba ukuncitshiswa noma ukuguquka kwenqubo yokuthatha isinyathelo ehleliwe.

Umehluko Obangelwa Yizibalo Zesayensi Yezibalo

Ukuvota kwasekuqaleni kubonakala kumaqembu azuzisa kakhulu abhekene nemingcele engokwesiko ephakeme. Kuvota abamnyama nababhinqile, ukuvota kwasekuqaleni kunciphisa umthwalo wokuhamba nge-commun, ukuthatha isikhathi sokusebenza, nokuhamba ngemikhumbi eyinkimbinkimbi. Kukhetho lwama-202020 lwaseFlorida, abamnyama abavota basebenzisa ukuvota kwasekuqaleni ngamazinga aphezulu kunangu-12% kubavoti abamhlophe, benciphisa igebe lobuhlanga. Ngokufanayo, ukuvota kwasekuqaleni kunciphisa ukuvota phakathi kwabavoti abangaphansi kwama-30, abangasenamathuba amaningi okuba nezimiso ezingafani. Nokho, abavoti abadala (65+3) abasakhetha ukuvota ngeposi emazweni amaningi, bebonisa ukuthi akukho nqubo eyodwa yokuvota esebenzayo esebenzayo kubo bonke abantu.

Ukuhlanganyela Nezinye Izinguquko

Ukuvota kuvame ukuthathwa cishe ngokukhetha kosuku olufanayo, ngeposi-vhoti, namahora okuvota anwetshiwe. Lezi zinguquko ezihlangene zingadala isandiso esiphindaphindiwe. Ngokwesibonelo, njenge-Colorado ne-Oregon, ezihlanganisa i-vota yonke ngeposi kanye nokuvota kwasekuqaleni, njalo zisesimweni esiphakathi kwesikhulu kakhulu somphakathi. Imiphumela yokuxhumana isikisela ukuthi ukuvota kwakuqala kuphumelela kakhulu uma kufakwe ekwakheni kwezimiso zokuguqula amakhetho.

Ukuhlola Icala Ngemininingwane

U - 2016 Ukhetho Lomongameli wase - United States: I - Florida ne - Arizona Okuhlangenwe Nakho

Inkathi yokuvota yokuqala eFlorida ngo-2016 yathatha izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili, futhi cishe izigidi ezingu-5,6 zamaFloridia zavota ekuqaleni cishe amaphesenti angu-40 awo wonke amabhola afakwayo. Umphumela walendawo wanqunywa ngu-1,2.2% kuphela wamavoti, enza amasampuli okuvota angaphambili abe nempumelelo. U-Analys ubonisa ukuthi abavoti bokuqala eFlorida bancishiwe iDemocratic, kodwa leyo mpumelelo yoSuku Lokukhetha ngokwalo ngokwalo lwayincinyanisa igeleza igebe. Lendlela ibonisa indlela ukuvota kwakuqala okusebenza ngayo ngomfutho womkhankaso. E-Arizona ngqa (eziningi ngeposi) kwaqala izinsuku ezingu- 27 ngaphambi koSuku lokuvota, futhi abangaphezu kwekhulu elingu-75 le-votavcovota balletssssssss bards bademocrates ngaphambi kukaNovembango 2008 kuya ku-Riphabliki 2016, futhi i-data yokuqala evuma ngokuphumelela kakhulu.

2018 Izinqumo Eziphakathi Nengxenye: Irekhodi Lentsha

Phakathi nonyaka ka-2018 kwavela ukwanda okungokomlando ekuthatheni indima yentsha, ngokuvota kwakuqala okwafeza indima enkulu. Amazwe anjengeGeorgia neTexas abika ukuthi ukuvota kwakuqala phakathi kwekhulu elinamashumi amabili nanhlanu leminyaka kwaphindeka-kabili kuno-2014. E-Texas, iHarris County iyodwa yahlela amavoti angu-100 000 okuqala asuka kwabasha abavoti, abaningi babo abavota okhethweni lwabo lokuqala. Lokhu kwabangela impumelelo yeDemocratic House of Arecters, okubonisa indlela ukuvota kwasekuqaleni okungandisa ngayo ithonya lemizamo yentsha yempatho efuna ukuvota. Nokho, kwaholela nasemigqeleni emide emide ezindaweni ethile, iqokomisa isidingo sokuvota kokuqala.

Ezweni Lonke: ECanada nase - Australia

Inkathi yokuhlola yangaphambi kweCanada ithandwa kakhulu: okhethweni lukahulumeni lwango-2021, abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-5,8 baseCanada bevotelwa ngaphambili, kusukela ngo-18% kusukela ngo-2019. Isimiso sibhekwa kabanzi njengesinempumelelo nesivikelo, sinokwenyuselwa kwe-bi - partisan. Ukwanda kokuvota kwangaphambi konyaka ka-2010 kuye kwabangela ukuba uvikelo lwezentengiselwano lunciphe kakhulu. Lezi zibonelo zomhlaba zibonisa ukuthi ukuvota kusungulwe emhlabeni wonke, kodwa futhi kungashintsha uhlobo lwe-demodemocrali (okunguMgqibelo). Kukhetho lwamazwe angama-2025, 58% lwawo wonke amavoti afakwa kusuka kusuka kudala, okubangela ukuba umkhosi wezenhlalo wovota uSuku lokuvota uphethi lunciphe. Lezi zibonelo zomhlaba zonke zibonisa ukuthi ukuvota kuthandwa emhlabeni wonke kanye, kodwa futhi kungashintsha nohlobo lwezimo lwentando yentando yentando.

Iziqondiso Nezimiso Zesikhathi Esizayo

Njengoba ukuvota kuyinto entsha eyenzeka kuqala, abenzi bezimiso babhekana nezinqumo eziphathelene nesikhathi, indawo okubekwa kuyo indawo, ukutshala izimali, nokuhlobana nezinye izindlela zokuvota ezisizayo. Ukuthambekela ekwenzeni ukuvota kuvele ngokushesha kungaqhubeka, kodwa kusenesidingo sokuqondisa okuqinile nemfundo yomphakathi. Izinguquko zezobuchwepheshe, njengokubuya okulondekile kwezempi nakuvota baphesheya, kungase kuqhubeke kutholakala, nakuba ukuvota kwe-inthaneti kulokhu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukuphepha

Izimiso zokuvota zakudala cishe ziyohlanganisa izindlela zokuqinisekisa eziqinile, njengezindlela zokuhlola izivickchain noma izinqubo eziningi zokuhlola, ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho. Izindinganiso zokuphepha ezisemzimbeni zokugcina ibhola kumelwe zivuselelwe ukuze kuhambisane nenkathi ende yokugcinwa kwezingane. Abenzi bomthetho kufanele baxhase izisebenzi zokuphepha ezinikezelwe kanye nemishini yezindawo zokuvota zakuqala.

Ukulingana Ngokutholakala

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuvota kwasekuqaleni akulingani, imibuso kufanele yamukele izinqubo eziqinisekisa ukuthi zingaba zingaki izindawo zokuvota eziqalayo kumuntu ngamunye, kanti izindawo zasemaphandleni zikhokhelwa ngokwanele. Ukuvota kwasekuqaleni kwamasonto kungadingeka ukuze kuhlaliswe izisebenzi. Ezinye iziphakamiso zifuna ukuba kube nenkathi yokuvota efanayo kwasekuqaleni kwamasonto amabili.

Ukutshala Imfundo Ngezinga Lemfundo

Imikhankaso yokuqapha umphakathi, esebenzisa kokubili imithombo yezindaba engokwezinombolo nengokwesiko, ibalulekile ekulweni nokwaziswa okunganembile futhi yazise abavoti ngezikhawu ezimisiwe nangezinketho. Izinhlangano zomphakathi zingafinyelela amaqembu angaphansi kakhulu. Ukuvota kwakuqala kusebenza kangcono kakhulu uma izakhamuzi zikwazi ukukusebenzisa.

Isiphetho

Ukuvota kwakuqala kuye kwayiguqula ngokuqiniseka indawo yokuvota, kuletha kokubili ukuhlanganyela okukhulu nezinselele ezintsha. Ikhono lako lokwandisa, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukene ngokomlando, liyintuthuko engokoqobo ekubopheni idemokrasi. Nokho, izingozi zokusebenza ngokucindezela, ukuvikela, nokusebenzisa imishini kudinga ukuqondisa okucophelelayo. Njengoba amagunya amaningi evumelana nokuvota kwasekuqaleni, ubufakazi busekela ngokuqinile ukwanda kwayo okuqhubekayo, uma nje imithombo nesivikelo okwanele kubekwe endaweni yayo. Umgomo oyinhloko uhlala uyisimiso lapho umvoti ngamunye ofanelekayo engaphonsa khona ibhola elilondekile, elifanelekayo, nelibalulekile ngokulinganayo. Ukuvota, uma kwenziwa ngokucabangela, kusisondeza eduze kakhulu kulokho okungcono.