Amanzi aphakathi kwemithombo eyisisekelo kakhulu yokusinda kwabantu, umkhiqizo wezomnotho, nempilo yendawo ezungezile. Nakuba kunjalo njengoba inani labantu embulungeni yonke likhula, isimo sezulu sishintshashintsha, kanye nemithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile kuya ngokuya kuncipha, umbuzo wokuthi ungakulawula kanjani ukufunwa kwamanzi awukaze ushiseke kakhulu. Phakathi kwamathuluzi akhona kubenzi bezimiso, amasu okulungisa amanzi abonakala njengawo womabili amasu asekelwe emakethe kanye nethuluzi elikwazi ukuwela ukudlula kude. Lesihloko esibanzi sihlola ukusebenza kwezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokungena kwamanzi, ukudweba nobufakazi obungokwezomnotho, inkolelo yezentengiselwano, kanye nezifundo zangempela zezwe ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi iziphi izindlela zokulondolozwa kahle, ukulingana, ukukwazi ukuphatha, nokusetshenziswa kwezindawo.

I - Râces Yokukhipha Amanzi Njengethuluzi Lokuqondisa Okufunwayo

I-priganting akuyona nje inqubo yokuzivivinya engenisa imali; iyindlela yokungenela. Ngokufaka izindleko ekusebenziseni amanzi, izimpawu ezidlulisayo futhi inciphisa ukusebenza kahle. Ngokungafani nezilinganiso zokunikeza ezinjengendawo entsha yokwakha amadamu amasha noma imishini yokukhipha imishini, i-printact isebenza ohlangothini olufunwayo, ngokuvamile engxenyeni ehlukene yemali eshicilelweyo. Isimiso esiyisisekelo sicacile: uma abathengi bebhekene nentengo yangempela yamanzi, bayolungisa izindlela zokusetshenziswa ukuze babonise inani layo. Nokho, amanzi futhi ayindlela yokukhipha inzuzo ilungile neyomphakathi, ngakho kumelwe iqondise ukushukuma kwemali phakathi kwemali ephambili nezenhlalo.

Imishini ephumelelayo yokuguqula amanzi inganciphisa isidingo esiphezulu, ibeke izakhiwo ezibizayo eziseqophelweni eliphezulu, futhi ivikele izenhlala - mvelo ngokugcina amazinga anciphileyo. Ngokombiko we-Onvalence for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), izinguquko zamanzi ezishintshayo zibonise ukunciphiswa kwezindawo zokuhlala nge-10/30% emadolobheni amaningi aseYurophu ( [ECD], 2020[FLT]]). Nokho, izindlela zokwakha zingenwa kakhulu: icebo elinohlelo lokuguqula izakhiwo ezingalingani, linganciphisa ukulingana kwezindawo ezihlala, ukushushisa umphandle, noma ukuhluleka ukufinyelela izisulu zokuzigcina imvelo.

Izisekelo Zemithombo Yamanzi Eyisisekelo

Izimboni ezintathu eziyinhloko ezisebenzisa amanzi zibusa umkhuba wamanzi emhlabeni wonke: ipringishini eyisicaba, ukukhuphuka kwezitini eziqinile, kanye nokufakwa kwevolution. Ngamunye uvela ezimweni ezihlukene zomlando, zenhlangano, nezezombangazwe, futhi ngamunye uveza imiphumela ehlukile yokuziphatha nokuzinza kwemali.

Ukuphotha Kwezinhlayiya Ezithambile

Ngaphansi kwesakhiwo esiyisicaba, imiphakathi noma amabhizinisi akhokha iholo elimisiwe ngenkathi emisiwe kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amanzi angakanani asetshenziswayo. Lo mfanekiso ulula: akukho mamitha adingekayo, kuyaphikwa, futhi amathuluzi angahlanganisa izindleko ezilungisiwe kalula. Nokho, isisusa sokuziphatha siphambene. Njengoba izindleko zokwengeziwe zokusetshenziswa kwamanzi zizezo, abathengi abanasizathu esingokwezimali sokulondoloza. Ukuhlola ngokuqhubekayo kuhlanganisa ibala eliphansi elilingana nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi amaningi kanye nemfucumfucumfucu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zaseningizimu-ntshona ye-United States, i-Caltures ayencike emazingeni ayisicabangeni, amanzi angu-30,50% ([FL:0] [i-ANYAKA]]

Imishini ehamba ngesivinini esibanzi ifihla izindleko zangempela zokuthutha amanzi, yenza kube nzima ukuba izinto ezisebenzayo zisekele ukunakekelwa, ukwelashwa, noma ukwanda. Njengoba izakhiwo zokuguga zivuza izigidi zezigidi zamalitha ngonyaka, isicaba sesilinganiso siya siba esingenakubalwa. Noma kunjalo, amazinga ayisicaba ayaqhubeka ezindaweni eziningi zasemaphandleni nasathuthuka ngenxa yezindleko eziphakeme zokuhamba ngemitha kanye nobunzima bezombangazwe bokushintsha ukusetshenziswa kwemishinyana esekelwe ekusebenziseni.

Ukwanda Kwamaphoyisa Asebenza Ngezibhamu (IBT)

Izindawo ezikhuphuka amafiliji zibiza intengo ephansi ngesigamu sokuqala, bese kusetshenziswa intengo ephakeme ngokuqhubekayo ebhulohweni ngalinye elilandelayo. Umgomo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi abalulekile ahlala engabizi kakhulu kuyilapho abasebenzisi abasindayo − ngokuvamile labo abanezidleke zokubhukuda, i-ogarn, noma abanezinga eliphezulu kakhulu (izindleko) ezingaphezulu kakhulu ezikhuthaza ukulondolozwa kwemvelo. I-BT isetshenziswa kakhulu emadolobheni kusukela eCape Town kuya eBootá, futhi iye yaba isakhiwo esingakholeki esituswa yi-World Bank emazweni amaningi asathuthuka.

Ukusebenza kwe-IBT kuxhomeke ezilinganisweni eziningana zokuklama: ububanzi be-IBT eNingizimu Afrika, inani elihlukene phakathi kwezitini, nenani lezitini. Ukuncishana kwesithiyo sokuqala kungayala imikhaya etholakele ngokusesilinganisweni enabantwana abaningi; ububanzi besithiyo bungahluleka ukunqanda abacebile. Ukuhlolwa kwe-IBTs eNingizimu Afrika kuthole ukuthi amajaji ancishiswe nge6-11%, kodwa ithonya lalenziwa phakathi kwabasebenzisi bevolute ephezulu, kuyilapho imikhaya ethola incishisiwe ibona ushintsho oluncane ekusetshenzisweni ngenxa yokuthi ihlala phakathi kwebhulo lokuqala ([[[FLT:]]] Imicebo nezomnotho, 2020 ]). Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi i-BTPlatho incikene ngokuphumelelayo ngaphandle kokuzinyaza ukungcola okunga.

Nokho, abagxeki bathi ama-BT angaba yizimo ezingezinhle uma imikhaya ephakeme iyimikhaya emikhulu kunabantu abasebenzisa i-ovaled. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuyinkimbinkimbi kokulawula ukuhlelwa kwebhuloho nokulungisa kudinga ukwaziswa okuqinile nokubukezwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukuqonda umphakathi nakho kubucayi; ukufinyela emklamweni wobucukubhe kuvame ukubangela ukungathembana nokumangalelwa kokungalungi.

Imibala Yamavolimi (Indlela Noma I - linear Pricing)

Isilinganiso somthamo sikhomba njalo ngesilinganiso sawo wonke amanzi adliwe ngemva kwenkokhelo emisiwe. Ngokungafani ne-IBTs, intengo yolwembu ihlala ifana noma isetshenziswa kangakanani. Lokhu kunikeza uphawu olucacile, olubonisa ngokucacile lokuthi ipetroli ngalinye elingeziwe libiza okufanayo, inkolelo yezomnotho ephikisayo eholela ekusebenziseni okuphumelelayo uma intengo ibonisa izindleko eziseceleni. Intengo yemali, njengaleyo eJalimane nase Denmark, iye yasebenzisa i-volutecricric ihlangene nezintela zenkonzo eziphezulu ukuze ibuye ithole izindleko ezilungisiwe.

Ubufakazi obungokwezimo busekela ukulondolozwa kwevolution. Ukuhlolwa kwenani lamanzi angu-86 kwathola ukuthi intengo elinganayo yokunwebeka kwesidingo samanzi ahlalayo icishe ibe ngu-0.4, okusho unyuko lwenani lemali lwe 10% lwehlisa izingibe ezisetshenziswayo ([] Izwe Lezomnotho, 2017). Lokhu kunwebeka kuphakeme kakhulu ekusebenziseni isikhathi eside njengoba imikhaya ifaka entweni esebenzayo futhi ilungisa. I-volustration igwema futhi izingozi ezikhona zamabhange ngenxa yokuthi iphatha bonke abasebenzisi ngokulinganayo ngeyunithi ephezulu ukulingana nokuthola amanzi angenakugwenywa (ggn, noma izimfuneko ezinkulu zezokwelapha).

Isithiyo esiyinhloko sokuhlanganisa amamitha amaningi yisidingo sokuhlanganisa amamitha. Emadolobheni amaningi, ikakhulukazi emazweni asathuthuka, ukuhlanganisa amamitha akuphelele, futhi amamitha asekhona anganganembile. Ukukhushulwa kwezakhiwo kuyabiza, futhi ukuphikisa kwezombangazwe okuvela kulabo ababheka ukunyusela intela ngezidingo eziyisisekelo kunganqanda izinguquko. Kodwa lapho amamitha esendaweni, i-ultricric ikhiphe ukulondoloza okunokwethenjelwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kokuba idolobha laseMelbourne esungule ivolution crigies ekuqaleni kowama 2000, ukusetshenziswa kwemali ye-25% yezehlaka, njengoba nje inani labantu lamanani elandayo landa.

Ukulinganisa Ukuphumelela: Isimo Esiyinhloko Nobufakazi

Ukuze sihlole amasu okusebenzisa amanzi, kumelwe sicabangele isilinganiso esihlukene: ithonya lokulondoloza amanzi, ukulingana, ukunethezeka kwemali, ukulawulwa, nokuvunyelwa kwezombangazwe. Akukho noyedwa othatha isithombe esiphelele. Ngezansi sihlola indinganiso ngayinye ngokubhekisele ekukhiqizweni kwezwe langempela.

Ithonya Lokulondolozwa Kwemvelo

Konke okunye okulinganayo, i-pricricparing ithambekele ekuvezeni ukusabela okunamandla kakhulu kokulondolozwa kwemvelo ngoba ifaka izindleko ezingcono kuleyo naleyo-unit. I-IBT inganciphisa nokusetshenziswa kwabenzi bevolume abaphezulu, kodwa ithonya ekusetshenzisweni ngokwesilinganiso lilinganiswa nge-partialbbruck ephansi. I-flat-parimed alikho ithonya eliyikho ngempela lokulondolozwa, nakuba lingase likhuthaze ngokungaqondile ukulondolozwa kwemvelo ngemikhankani yezimiso zokuziphatha. Ukuhlola eCalifornia kwathola ukuthi imikhaya ezindaweni ezisetshenziswa i-volution ezisetshenziswa ngesilinganiso se-15 /20% yamanzi ama-acertimeter, ukulawula inzuzo nobukhulu obuningi ([[FLT:]] u-Atlantial,[2018]]

Nokho, intengo enwebekayo yesidingo samanzi ayifani. Imikhaya ethola imali ephansi isabela kakhulu ekushintsheni kwenani ngenxa yokuthi izimali zamanzi zifuna ingxenye enkulu yemali yayo. Imikhaya ecebile, ikakhulukazi leyo enisela ngenkasa enkulu ngaphandle, ingase ingabi nenani elizwelayo, idinga amanani aphakeme kakhulu ukuze ishintshe ukuziphatha. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi izinga elilodwa lemali ehhayiwe lidinga ukumiswa ukuze kunqandwe ukunelisa ukuneka, kulimaza abasebenzisi abathola imali ephansi uma kungekho zinsika.

Ukulingana Nokungalingani

Ukulinganisela ngokuvamile kuyisithende samanzi ancishiswe emakethe. Ilungelo lomuntu lokuhamba emanzini, eliqashelwa yiZizwe Ezihlangene, lifuna ukuba izidingo eziyisisekelo zingabizi kakhulu. I-volution crigency, uma iphakeme kakhulu, ingabeka umthwalo osindayo ezindlini eziphansi ezingeni eliphansi. Ngokuphambene, i-IBTs ivikela isithiyo esiqinile ngenani eliphansi. Kodwa ukulingana kwe-IBTs kucacile kunesidingo esiphansi kakhulu kunaleyo ebonakala ngaso. Uma isithiyo sokuqala sincane kakhulu, umkhaya omkhulu othola imali ungachitheka ezitini eziphezulu, ikhokhela ngaphezu komuntu oyedwa ocebile ohlala ngaphakathi kwebhulo. Okunye ukunikeza lelikheli noma inzuzo ephansi, kodwa kunezela lezo zinyathelo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukuzishintsha kuvame ukubhekwa njengokulinganayo ngoba wonke umuntu ukhokha imali efanayo, kodwa eqinisweni kuphinde kubuye kudlule: amakhaya athola imali ephansi achitha ingxenye enkulu yeholo lawo emanzini, kodwa asebenzisa imali enciphile kakhulu futhi kanjalo asebenzise inzuzo ephakeme yomakhelwane abacebile. Izinga eliyisicaba lidlulisela ngokuphumelelayo imali kumpofu kuya kwabacebile. Ukuhlaziywa kwamanzi eMexico City kuthola ukuthi abathengi abanezinga eliyisicabayo bakhokhela cishe inzuzo yemali ewu 0,5% yemali eholelwayo ekhaya, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isetshenziswa, kuyilapho ngaphansi kwesimiso somsindo sishintshashintshashintsha imali kusukela [1]% kwabasebenzisi abaphezulu kuya ku-2.1, ukuthweswa okusinda kakhulu ([FL: 0]] izilinganiso ezingaphezulu, [FL:]]

Ukuqina Kwenza Imali Nezindleko Zokululama

Imishini engenisa amanzi idinga inzuzo ethembekile ukuze ilondoloze izisekelo nemisebenzi. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-partcation kunikeza inzuzo ephakeme ngenxa yokuthi inzuzo incishiswa ekusebenziseni. Ngokuphambene, i-voluteric pricamp ne IBT ziveza amathuluzi engozi emalini uma ukulondoloza imithombo yokuthengiswa kwemali. Lokhu kungadala indida: ukulondolozwa okuphumelelayo okuholela ezingeni eliphansi lenzuzo, okungasetshenziswa njengempikiswano emelene nezinguquko ezingokwezisekelo. Abanye banciphisa lokhu ngokuhlanganisa isikhala senkonzo esihlanganisa izindleko ezimisiwe, kuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye ehlukahlukene iveza izindleko eziseceleni eliphansi kuphela. Kodwa uma ukukhokhiswa okumisiwe kuphakeme kakhulu, kungasehlisa inani lenkokhelo lezinto ezigciniwe.

Ama-IBT angabhekana futhi nokuntengantenga kwemali uma abathengi abaningi behlangene eqhweni lokuqala, ikakhulukazi phakathi neminyaka emanzi lapho amanzi engaphandle ephansi. Izindawo ezisezindaweni ezomile ngezinye izikhathi ziye zaphinda zabekwa kabusha ngokukhuliswa kwezitini noma ukunyuswa kwemali, kodwa ushintsho olunjalo lubucayi kwezombangazwe. Isihluthulelo siwukuklama i-pajipist ukuze intengo ehlukahlukene iphakame ngokwanele ukuba ikwazi ukwenza inzuzo ikwazi ukuyisebenzisa kahle kuyilapho ingxenye emisiwe inikeza isisekelo esiqinile semali.

Ukungalawuleki Nezombangazwe

Ukugcwalisa noma iliphi isu lokusebenza ngaphandle kwamazinga ayisicaba kudinga ukukhokha isilinganiso sesilinganiso semitha, izinhlelo zokubhalisa, imfundo, nokuqinisekisa. I-odar ingaba namandla. Ngokwesibonelo, idolobha laseLos Angeles lichithe amadollar ayizigidi ezingu-200 ukuze lifake amamitha ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2020. Kodwa ukugcinwa kwesikhashana ngenxa yokuncishiswa kwamanzi nokuhlelwa kwemisebenzi yezemisebenzi emisha ngokuvamile kuthethelela izindleko. Ukungalawuleki kwezombangazwe, nokho, kuyisithiyo esilukhuni kakhulu. Ukuguqula amanzi kuye kwabangela ukuphikisana emadolobheni avela e-Athens kuya e-Bangaloreon, lapho izakhamuzi ziphikisa ukuthi amanzi kufanele akhululeke noma anciphe kakhulu. Imiphakathi ngokuxhumana okubonisananisa, ukuhlelwa kwemisebenzi ephansi, ukukhiqiniswa kwemisebenzi, nokukhokhwazwa kwezenzo kwamaqembu angenayo.

Ukuhlola Icala: Ukuphumelela Nokuhluleka

Impumelelo: IThekwini, eNingizimu Afrika

I-pareji elihamba phambili lombhoshongo wesakhiwo saseDurban, elaqala ekupheleni kwawo-1990, livame ukuvezwa njengesibonelo sokulondolozwa kwezindawo ezilinganayo. Amakhilitha angu-6 okuqala ngenyanga akhululekile kuyo yonke imikhaya, axhaswe yisiphazamiso sesiphambano esisuka ezingosini eziphakeme. Izitebhu ezilandelayo ziyanda ngokukhuphuka. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwehla ngo-20/30% phakathi neminyaka emihlanu, futhi isimiso samanzi esiyisisekelo saqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nezakhamuzi ezimpofu kakhulu ziyakwazi ukufinyelela. I-tapingrap yaphakamisa futhi yandisa inzuzo elungiselelweni lokunakekela nokunwebela ezindaweni ngokwethukela.

Ukwehluleka: IBakesfield, eCalifornia, eUSA

Bakersfield, idolobha elise Central Valley yaseCalifornia, lathembela ekungeniseni amanzi ayisicaba amashumi amaningi eminyaka. Lapho uhulumeni ugunyaza ukuba izisulu zokulondoloza isomiso zinciphe, iBakersfield yalwa kanzima ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwesomiso ngoba izakhamuzi zazingenaso isisusa sezimali sokushintsha imikhuba. Leli dolobha kuphela lalinemigomo yokulondolozwa ngemva kokufakwa kwamamitha nokushintsha inqubo yokuhlanganisa isilinganiso, inqubo eyadinga iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili yokuzinza nokukhala komphakathi. Lokhu kuqokomisa indlela izimiso zesilinganiso esiqinile esingavala ngayo ekulahlekeni nasekulibaziseni okudingekile.

Imiphumela exubile: iSantiago, eChile

Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi asetshenziswa ngokungena ezingeni eliphezulu eChile ngawo-1990 kwaholela ekuthatheni i-volutionpric prigraves ebanzi ngemisebe ehlobene nendawo ezungezile. Isimiso sathuthukisa izindleko zokululama nokuncishiswa kwamanzi ezimisweni zokusakaza, kodwa futhi kwabangela ukukhathazeka kokungalingani. Ukuhlola kwasekhaya kwabonisa ukuthi imikhaya ethola imali ephansi yanciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela eziqondisiwe hhayi nje kuphela kodwa futhi nokusetshenziswa kwenhlanzeko eyisisekelo, ukukhuthaza izinkathazo zempilo. Uhulumeni ekugcineni wasungula ukuncintiswa kwemali encishisiwe ekuvikeleni abampofu ezindleni zamanzi aphakeme. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi inqubo yokusebenza yezengasese iyodwa ayinele ngaphandle kweminathako yokuzivikela.

Ukutuswa Okuwusizo Kwabenzi Bomthetho

Nokho, izimiso eziningana zingaqondisa ukuklanywa okuphumelelayo:

  • Ikhokhise isikhokhi esilinganiselwe esibekwe nge-volution: Lemali ilinganisela inzuzo ngezisusa zokuyilondoloza. Imali emisiwe kufanele ihlanganise izindleko zokuphatha nezenhloko, kuyilapho izinga eliguquguqukayo libonisa izindleko zamanzi eziseceleni.
  • Sebenzisa amabhuloho akhuphukayo amabhuloho uma ukulingana kwezenhlalo kusemqoka: ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isithiyo sokuqala sikhulu ngokwanele ukuhlanganisa izidingo zasekhaya ezibalulekile (kusekelwe ngokwesilinganiso somkhaya) bese usikhomba emalini noma ubukhulu bomkhaya uma kungenzeka.
  • Ukufakwa ekulinganiseni imitha kanye nokudlulisa izakhiwo: ngaphandle kwesilinganiso esiqondile, noma isiphi i-pager esekelwe ekusebenziseni ayiphoqelelwa. Amamitha ahlakaniphile futhi enza ukuba kusetshenziswe isikhathi esingokoqobo, esingandisa ukulondolozwa kwemvelo.
  • Izinguquko ezihlanganisayo ngezinhlelo zokuxhumana nezokusiza: chaza ngokucacile ukuthi kungani amanani eshintsha, anikeza amathuluzi okuthutha amanzi, futhi asungula izinhlelo ezithola imali ephansi ukuze alondoloze imali.
  • [[[NTL:0] Ukushintsha nokulungisa amapayipi ngezikhathi ezithile: Uguquko lwenguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba ubuchwepheshe nemikhuba kushintsha. Ukubukeza i-panet ye-injini kanyaka noma ka-intshi ye-biannu kuqinisekisa ukuthi amanani ahlala ephumelela futhi elungile.
  • Ukufaka ipragrate namanye amathuluzi okulawula imfuno: Imingcele, izikhitshane zemishini ephumelelayo, nemikhankaso yokuqaphela umphakathi ingaphelelisa isiqalo esinemiphumela emikhulu.

Indima Yobuchwepheshe Nemininingwane Ekwakheni Imikhiqizo Kwanamuhla

Intuthuko ekusebenziseni amamitha ahlakaniphile, imininingwane e-alytics, kanye nokuzwa kude kuguqula amathuba okusetshenziswa kwamanzi. Ukwaziswa kwangempela okusebenzisa izinto ezisizayo kuvumela amathuluzi ukuba asebenzise imishini eshintshashintshashintshayo ngesikhathi sosuku noma isikhathi, okuqhubeka kususa isilinganiso esiphakeme. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye imishini ezisebenzisa i-Australia zikhipha amazinga aphakeme kakhulu phakathi nezikhathi zasehlobo lapho iziqongo zokunwisa amanzi zingaphandle. Le mishini enamandla, efana nesidingo sikagesi, inganciphisa ukutshala imali embonini yokwelashwa. Nokho, i-projective ikhudrote inyusa imicimbi edingayo uma imikhaya ethola imali ephansi ingakwazi ukuguqula ukusetshenziswa kwayo imizuzwana ye-peak. Imfundo ye-lcilliacts ingasiza abathengi ukuba balandele futhi balawule, ukuguqula intengo yemali ukuba basebenzise imishini yokugunyaza.

Isiphetho

Amasu okusebenzisa amanzi awawona amagebe esiliva asetshenziselwa ukuswelakala kwamanzi, kodwa uma eklanywe ngokunakekela aphakathi kwamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu akhona. Ubufakazi bubonisa njalo ukuthi ukusuka ezindaweni eziyisicaba nasemazingeni aphansi nasemazingeni asetshenziswayo okusetshenziswayo (ngokuhlukene) noma ukuhlelwa kahle okukhucululwa kahle kakhulu kwemigoqo evimbela amanzi (aselbactic organ) kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa, kuthuthukisa izindleko zokuthuthukisa, futhi kukhulule amanzi endaweni ezungezile ezungezile. Kodwa amandla awakwazi ukulinganiswa kuphela ezingeni ezingeni ezisindayo ezisindayo; kumelwe ukuba kuchazwe ngemali, ukusekela, nokuphatha. Izinguquko eziphumelelayo zezentengo zamanzi yilezo ezihlanganisa ukulinganisela kwezentengo yezenhlalo nesivikelo emphakathini, ukubusa nokuhlangana komphakathi. Njengoba ukushukuma kwamanzi emhlabeni wonke, abenzi bezimiso zezifundo zezindawo zokushintsha izakhiwo zamadolobha, ukuvumelana kahle, ukuhlelwa nokusetshenziswa ngokunakekela kwamanzi.