Kuyini Ukukhetha?

Izimiso zokukhetha ziyinqubo engokomthetho lapho izakhamuzi ezisesimisweni sentando yeningi zikhetha abameleli bazo futhi zinqume ngemibuzo eyinhloko yesimiso. Nakuba incazelo elula — inqubo yokuvota kwabazobelwa — inembile, iqiniso liyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Izinketho ziwumsuka wentando yeningi yentando yeningi emelelwayo, zisebenza njengomkhondo oyinhloko umphakathi ozohunyushelwa kuwo emsebenzini kahulumeni. Ziyenzeka ezinhlalweni eziningi zikahulumeni: (ingqungquthela yedolobha, ibhodi lesikole), isifundazwe (impoqo, izinyathelo zesifunda sombuso wesifunda, izintambo zombuso), nombuso (umkhandlu wesifunda, umkhandlu). Uhlelo, izakhiwo, nomthetho wokuhlela uhulumeni uhluka kakhulu phakathi kwemibuso, kodwa ngaphansi kwesimiso esivamile: abakhetha amandla angekenziwabo abayo.

Ukufaneleka kwanoma yimuphi uhulumeni wentando yeningi kuxhomeke ebuqothweni nasebusweni bokhetho lwawo. Uma izakhamuzi zithemba lenqubo, zisengozini kakhulu yokwamukela umphumela, ngisho noma umjoli wazo elahlekile. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho isimiso sibhekwa njengesinephutha noma siphakamile, ukuqina kwezombangazwe kuyawohloka. Ukuqonda inqubo yokukhetha — ikakhulukazi izigaba ezihlukene kusukela ezingeni elikude kuya okhethweni oluvamile — abavoti banika amandla okuhlanganyela ngokunenjongo futhi bagcine isimiso sinecala.

Umjikelezo Wokukhetha: Ukubukeza

Ukukhetha akwenzeki ngokuzihlukanisa. Kudlula umjikelezo onqunyiwe ovame ukuthatha izinyanga eziningana kuze kube ngaphezu konyaka emahhovisi amakhulu. Lo mjikelezo ungaphulwa ube yizingxenye ezinhlanu eziyinhloko: amapringirini nama-caucuuse (lapho amalungu ekhetha khona ama-minene), umkhankaso wokukhetha ovamile (inkathi yokuncintisana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwama-minene), ukukhetha ngokwako (lapho abavoti benza khona ukukhetha kokugcina), kanye nokhetho lweposi (kuhlanganise ukubala, ukuvota, i-clation, i-crective, kanye nogesi). Isigaba ngasinye sinemithetho yaso, izimfuneko ezifanelekile, kanye nemigoqo.

  • Imincintiswano yeqembu langaphakathi ukukhetha ozomelela iqembu elilodwa elimele kukhetho oluvamile.
  • Umkhankaso wokhetho jikelele: Umncintiswano wekhanda kuya-khanda phakathi kwama-nomeine ombaxa-nye (futhi ngokunokwenzeka abazozimela noma abathatha inxenye yesithathu).
  • Ngokuvamile ukhetho: Usuku olungokomthetho lapho abavoti befaka amavota abo okugcina emahhovisi okhetho.
  • I-post-Pase yokhetho: Izinqubo zokuphatha nomthetho eziqinisekisa imiphumela futhi zisebenzise ukushintshwa kwamandla.

Kunoma isiphi isigaba okudingeka siqhutshwe kuso — njengomkhankaso oyinhloko, ukungasebenzi kahle komsebenzi, noma umphumela wokukhetha okuphikiswana ngawo — kungayilimaza yonke inqubo yentando yeningi.

Izindawo Zokuthenga Imali: Umgcini - mkhosi uPhase

Okhetho oluqalwe lungolwandulela oluqhutshwa amaqembu ezombangazwe ukuze kunqunywe ukuthi yimuphi umbhalisa wabo ozobe ungummeleli ovamile okhethweni. Bawuvivinyo lokuqala lwangempela lwendlela yokuthola imvume yombhalisa, baguqula inkundla egcwele yabantu abaphefumulayo ibe yi-minee. Izindawo zobugebengu zingaqhutshwa uhulumeni ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni (njengasezindaweni eziningi) noma ziphethwe ngaphakathi yiqembu (njengasezingeni elisebenzisa i-kapucucre). Ngenxa yokuthi amaqembu ayizikhundla ezizimele ezinamalungelo okukhetha abaholi beSichibiyeli, anesilinganiso esiphawulekayo ekubekeni imithetho yokuhlanganyela okukhulu.

Isimiso esiyinhloko njengoba sazi namuhla siyinguquko yanamuhla engathiwe ikhona. Ngaphambi kwasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, abalawuli beqembu bakhethwa abaphethe isigaba emihlanganweni yegumbi elingemva kwegumbi — inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi “igumbi eligcwele intuthu.” Abaguquli abaqhubekayo baqhutshekwa ukuze banikeze izikhundla zesigaba esiphezulu nehele lokhetho izwi eliqondile. Isikhulu sokuqala esibophayo sikamongameli sabekwa e-Wisconsin ngo-1912. Emashumini eminyaka alandelayo, imibuso eminingi eyamukela ukhetho oluyinhloko, nakuba ama-caucusus esele ezindaweni ezimbalwa ezinjenge-Iowa ne-Nevada.

Izinhlobo Zezikweletu

Imithetho ebusayo engavota engosini ehluka kakhulu ngokwengxenye eyisisekelo yesifundazwe neqembu. Uhlobo oluyinhloko luthinta isimo sombono we-votorate, futhi ngenxa yalokho, umphumela. Ukuqonda lemithetho kuyamkhathaza noma ubani ohlaziya imiphumela yokukhetha noma ukuhlela umkhankaso.

Ukuvula Imisebenzi

Ngokuyinhloko, noma imuphi umvoti obhalisiwe angase ahlanganyele ekukhetheni noma yimuphi umvoti, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungowaliphi iqembu. Abavoti kumelwe bakhethe kuphela iqembu elilodwa elimelene neqembu. Isizathu esingemva kokuvulwa siwukuthi bakhuthaza ukuhlanganyela okubanzi futhi bavumele abavoti abazimeleyo noma abalinganiselayo ukuba bavumele ukuba basho amazwi ahluze ukuvota. Nokho, abagxeki baphikisa ukuthi ukuvula ama-primenter kungaxhatshazwa abavoli beqembu eliphikisanayo ukuze basekele isisulu esibuthakathaka kakhulu — icebo elaziwa ngokuthi “i - lelai.” Ngokwesibonelo, abanye abavoti base-Democrates eMichigan banqamula eRiphabliki uJohn McCoucen, benethemba lokudambisa uGeorge. Naphezu kwalokho, u-Bushmannsburg, uMickan, u-Ten.

Izinhlamvu Zemali Ezivalekile

Ngasese, abavoti ababhaliswe neqembu elithile kuphela abangavota engxenyeni eyinhloko yaleloqembu. Lesimiso siklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-minee ikhethwe abasekeli beqembu, hhayi abantu bangaphandle abangase bathakazelise izinto ezingafani. Ama-primmend avame ukuveza izimfene eziningi ngenxa yokuthi abavoti abayinhloko emazweni anjalo ngokuvamile bayakwazi ukumelana nokuhlasela futhi bakhuthele. Banciphisa ingozi yokuhlasela. Izindawo ezivalekile zihlanganisa iFlorida, iNew York, i-Nevada, ne-Oregon. Uguquko luyi-spea evalelweyo, lapho uvota olungenamfafafafa, lapho kungakhetha khona ukuhlanganyela eqeshini eliyinhloko, kodwa ababhaliswe ngaphandle kwe-croffactive.

Iziribhi eziphezulu-mbili nangaphezulu

Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zamukela izimiso eziyinhloko ezingathathi hlangothi oluyinhloko ezishintsha imishini enyakazayo. Ezingeni eliphezulu-mbili (zisetshenziswa eCalifornia, eWashington, nase Nebraska emahhovisi ombuso), bonke abazobhapathizwa bavela ebhandeni elifanayo eliyinhloko kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isigaba saliphi, futhi izifefebe eziphezulu ezimbili eziphezulu ziqhubekela phambili kukhetho oluvamile, ngisho noma zingamalungu omkhosini owodwa. Lokhu kungaphumela ekubeni kube amaDemocrates noma amaRepublics abhekene kude ngoNovember, ngokuphumelelayo kususe ukukhetha okuvamile kukavotivector okungahlangene nalo. Abaphezulu abane abaphezulu (abafakwe e-Alaska) bathumele iziphelo eziphezulu eziphezulu eziphethweni ezine ukuba baphume ngokushesha ekuvoleni okuvota okuvamile. Lezi zimiso zempi ziphakaliswe ngendlela yokuvota okunga.

Indima Yezinhlayiya

Ama-caucuse akhetha kakhulu ukuthatha indawo eyimfihlo kanye nesikhathi esithatha isikhathi esiningi kune-primmicary. Esikhundleni sokufaka i-collet eyimfihlo, abavoti babuthana emihlanganweni yendawo esendaweni yesifunda ukuze baxoxe ngabazokufaka impela bese bevota ngokubukwa kwezandla, bemi ngamaqembu, noma ezinye izindlela ezibonakalayo. Lenqubo ivame ukuhlanganisa izinyathelo eziningana: okokuqala, abasekeli be-adivosi ngayinye banikeza izinkulumo; bese abahlanganyeli bezifaka ngokwabo ngokwabo kanye kanye nabaphili abaphilile; ekugcineni, izihambeli zabelwa ngokulinganayo emhlanganweni wesifunda.

I-Caucuses iye yancipha ngenxa yokuthi idinga isikhathi esiphawulekayo — ngokuvamile amahora amabili noma ngaphezulu — esicindezela ukuhlanganyela. Ngo-2020, i-Iowa, i-Nevada, iNyakatho Dakota, ne-Wyoming yabamba i-Democratic caucuuses emjahweni wobumongameli, kanye ne-Iowa i-caucus ekhathazekile yokubika isimiso (ukuhluleka kwe-electal commeterration) ibangela ukungaqiniseki okwengeziwe kulendlela. Nokho, abaxhasi baphikisa ukuthi i-kauclues ibhedu efaka izivumelwano ezijulile nezingxoxo zomphakathi. Iowacuuses iye yafaka ithonya elikhulu kakhulu ngenxa yokulahla inkathi yomongameli yenkathi ehlayo, kodwa inguquko yamuva nje yeDemocratic National Commentmentment iye yanciphisa isimo sabo. Ngomjinga-2024, iqembu le-senyuka i-demandel Carolina, i-Promanian iqhubeke.

Umkhankaso Ovamile Wokukhetha: Izinyanga Zokuhlanganyela Okukhulu

Lapho inkathi eyinhloko isiphelile, umkhankaso wokukhetha uqala ngobuqotho. Lena inkathi — ngokuvamile ethatha kusukela emihlanganweni ekupheleni kwehlobo kuya ekuqaleni kukaNovember — lapho abameleli beqembu elikhulu (futhi ngokuvamile abambalwa abayingxenye yesithathu noma abafuna ukuzimela) bencintisana ngamavoti okhetho olubanzi. Lomkhankaso unengxenye eziningana ezihlukene: ukubhala, ukuqoqa imali, ukukhokhela imithombo yezindaba, ukukhokhela inzuzo, ukuvota, nokulungiselela impikiswano.

Amasu Nezindlela Zokulwa

Imikhankaso yanamuhla iyimisebenzi yokwaziswa esetshenziswayo ukuze kubonwe abavoti abanobuhlakani futhi bakhohliswe. Icebo eliyinhloko ukwakha umfelandawonye wabasekeli abakhulu ngokwanele ukuba bawine iningi lamavoti (noma amavolotel, ekholijini, emijahweni yomongameli). Imikhankaso isebenzisa imikhankaso efaka imiyalezo emincane ethunyelwayo eqedweni ethile yenani labantu ngokweminyaka, uhlanga, inzuzo, isayensi yezwe, nomlando wokuvota. Umkhankaso ka-2008Abama wathuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwemininingwane emikhulu nohlelo lwezinombolo, futhi yonke imikhankambiso elandelayo ilandela ilandela isuti.

Ukukhangisa

Izikhangiso zethelevishini ziseyizindleko ezinkulu kakhulu emikhankasweni emikhulu, ikakhulukazi ezimaketheni zezokuncintisana. Ikampani namaqembu angaphandle (i-PUer PCs, 501(c) (4) zithela izigidi zezigidi zamaRandi ekusakazeni nasekukhangiseni ngentambo. Kuyiminyaka engu-20222, ingqikithi yemali echithwe ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-awu - $202. Nokho, ukukhangisa kobuchwepheshe — eziqongweni ezinjenge-Facebooka, iGoogle, i-YouTube, nezindawo zokukhahlela — kuye kwakhula ngokushesha. Izikhangiso zemishini zivumela ukufinyelela, ukukhangisa okushibhibhikishiwe futhi kungavuselelwa ngesikhathi sangempela ezinsukwini zezenzakalo. Izikhangiso ezigxekayo, okuhlaselayo okuphikisayo, nokwenza ucwaningo oluvamile, nakuba kuxube nokusetshenziswa kwazo okuthinta imizwelo okuqinile.

Impikiswano

Izimpikiswano ziyizinyathelo eziphakeme ezithatha izenzakalo ezingasusa impikiswano yomkhankaso. Abagadi kakhulu yizimpikiswano zikamongameli, kodwa iSigele, i-gabernalial, futhi ngisho nezimpikiswano zendawo zingadonsa ukunakekela okuphawulekayo. IKhomishane ye-Presidential Requetteements (CPD) iye yaxhasa izimpikiswano zokukhetha ezivamile kusukela ngo 1987, nakuba umbukwane wayo u-Trump u-Bhiden noMongameli u-Trump wawudlulisayo ngo-2020202. Izimpikiswano zendawo zingadonsa ukuqondisa izikhundla zabo zenkambiso, iphendule, futhi ibonise ukuzola ngaphansi kokucindezela kwayo. U-RoldenFord’sFord’s uyavuma eminyakeni emine?" njengoba u-Rognonverne wabuza khona ngaphambili?"

Ukuhlaselwa Kwezimpande Ezinkulu

Naphezu kokulawula kwemali enkulu nethelevishini, ukuhlelwa kotshani kusebalulekile, ikakhulukazi kukhetho oluseduze. Izisebenzi zokuzithandela zihlanganyela ekukhangiseni ngeminyango ukuya endlini, ekubekeni izingcingo, ekubhangeni iposi, nasekukhipheni i-metams (GOTV). Ukucwaninga kulokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukuxhumana komuntu siqu — ingxoxo emnyango noma ucingo kusuka kumakhelwane — kuphumelela kakhulu kunokukhangisa okungenamzwelonyeni okwandayo. Izisebenzi zokuzithandela zaphakathi kwe-20222 zabona isivinini eDidemocratic-leating, ezanikela ekutholeni imiphumela engcono elindelwe idiliv. Imikhankani ifaka futhi kakhulu “endizeni yeminyango yesifunda”: ukuhlela amahhovisi endawo yomakhelwane, ukuqoqa i-opera, nokusebenzisa iziteshi ezixhumana.

Indima Yemali Emikhankasweni

Imali iwukuphila okungenamsebenzi kwezombangazwe zaseMelika. ISinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme singu-CITIZEN isinqumo se-FEC (2010) sivule umnyango wokusebenzisa imali ngokungenamingcele ngezinhlangano zezinhlangano, okuholela ekunyukeni kwePUPC namaqembu amanani amnyama. Amakhathi kumelwe anyuse izindodla zemali ukuze ancintisane ukukhangisa, izisebenzi, ukuhamba nokuhlola. I-Federal Ecompust Commission (FEC) ilawula izimali ezingeni zikahulumeni, kodwa ukugcinwa kubuthakathaka kakhulu. Emjikelelweni wokhetho wama-clo womphakathi, ingqikithi yokuchitha izinhlanga eziyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyizigidi ezingu-R3 [R3] ngokweminyaka ewuhlweni e-Oces.[3]

Ukukhetha Okuvamile: Ukukhetha Kokugcina

Ukhetho oluvamile luyisenzakalo esiphethe umjikelezo, usuku abavoti abalwenza ngalo isinqumo sabo sokugcina. E-United States, uSuku Lokhetho lungoLwesibili ngemva koMsombuluko wokuqala ngoNovember, njengoba kwamiswa umthetho ngo-1845. Nokho, ukuvota akusekho ngosuku olulodwa. Inani elandayo lezifundazwe linikeza inkathi yokuvota kwasekuqaleni kwamasonto amaningana, futhi cishe wonke amazwe avumela uhlobo oluthile lweposi evota. Ukhetho lwama-2020 lwabona isivinini esikhulu kakhulu ekuvotelweni kweposi ngenxa yobhadayo ngenxa yobhadayo lwe-arcraccolorus, ngobhadayolalensi engaphezulu kwama-40% emposo ephoswa ngeposi.

Izindlela Zokusakaza Nokufinyelela

Izindlela ezintathu eziyinhloko zokuvota ibhola lokuvota zisezingeni eliphezulu ngoSuku Lokhetho, ekuqaleni kovota, nokuvota ngeposi. Ngazinye zinosizo nokuvota okunemiphumela eyimfihlo. Ukuvota kujwayelekile futhi kunikeza okuhlangenwe nakho okulondekile, okusheshayo, kodwa kungaholela ekulindeni imigqa emide futhi kulinde izikhathi ezimatheni eziphakeme. Ukuvota kunciphisa ukuminyana nokuvumelana, kodwa kudinga ukuba ukuvota izindawo kuvuleke ngezikhathi ezibanzi. Ukuvota komthumeli kungcono futhi kunyusenezinto ezikhathazayo — nakuba ukuhlola kulokhu kuthola ukuthi ukukhohlisa kwevota kuyanyamalala ngokungavamile. Imithetho yamavota kanye nokuphepha kwezindawo zokulahla iposi ezidlulayo kuye kwanda kusukela ngo-2020, namazwe akhunziswayo e-Riphabliki ekhunziswayo.

Ukubhalisa i Voter kuyimfuneko yazo zonke izindlela zokuvota. Izifundazwe eziningi zifuna ukuba abantu babhaliswe ngokubhalisa ngaphambi kokhetho, nakuba inani elandayo liye lamukela ukubhaliswa kosuku olufanayo, okuvumela abavoti ukuba babhalise futhi bavote ngosuku olufanayo. INational Voter Expabligation Act (NVRA) ka 1993 yenza ukuba ukubhaliswa kutholakale emahhovisi ezimoto, kodwa kusekhona izikhala ezingekho kwezinye idemocracy. Ngokwe-U.S. i-Ecostations Active Commission, enye elinganiselwa kumaMelika amane afanelekayo ayibhaliswanga.

I-Electoral College v.

Kukhetho lukamongameli, ukhetho oluvamile alunqumi ngokuqondile owini lwe-offrail. Kunalokho, abavoti bakahulumeni ngamunye bakhetha ibhodi labavoti ababoshelwe umbhalisa, futhi labo abavoti — ababelwe ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni ethandwayo kahulumeni yokuvota (Nébraska noMaine asebenzisa isifunda sesifunda sesifunda sesifunda) — bakha i-Electoral College. Umbangi udinga ama-270 kwabavoti abavoti abakhethiwe abangu-5 ukuze banqobe. Lesimiso siveze abahlanu abalahlekelwa yivoti ethandwayo ngo-2016. I-Elctoral Collegemental ayiphikisa kakhulu, abagxeki abaphikisayo bayide custolic neyase mazwe asemaphandleni, amazwe amancane. I-National Voentententranges Contate, isivumelwano phakathi kwezizwe zabo ezivoti zika-Rhoversmes, ezivotiota abahhh, ezingu-2025 ezithandwayo ezibotimezini ezithandwayo ezithandwayo ezithandwayo ezithandwayo ezingu-206 ezivo

I Phase yePost

Ngemva kokuqeda ukuhlolwa, ukhetho alukapheli. Isigaba sokukhetha sangemva kokukhetha sihlanganisa uchungechunge lwezinyathelo zokuqondisa, zomthetho, nezokuhlela ekugcineni ezifinyelela umvuthwandaba ekunikezelweni kwabanqobi. Lenkathi ngokuvamile iyinqubo, kodwa ingancintisana kakhulu, ikakhulukazi emibangweni eseduze.

Ukubala Nezatifiketi

Amavote abalwa esifundeni, ekhishwa izikhulu zesifundazwe zokuvota, bese kubikelwa kunobhala wezwe noma ibhodi lokhetho. Lenqubo ingathatha izinsuku noma amasonto, ikakhulukazi ngokwezimo ukuthi ukwamukela iziphawulo zeposi eziphawulwe yi-Ecostation Day. Uma imiphumela kahulumeni iphelele, uMbusi noma ibhodi lokhetho liqinisa umphumela. I-Crect iyisenzo sokukhonza, kodwa ngo-202020, ezinye izikhulu zendawo zenqaba ukuqinisekisa imiphumela, iholela ezimpini ezingokomthetho. I-Electoral Count Act ka-1887, i-20222 ye-Elecourage Count Reformation Act, ishologote ukuthi indima kaMongameli ekubaleni i-votiota ewulweni futhi iveza imiphumela engokomthetho.

Izenzakalo Nezinselele Ezingokomthetho

Okhethweni oluseduze kakhulu, ukulandisa okuzenzakalelayo okungase kwenzeke. Imithetho iyahlukahluka ngokwesifundazwe — eminye idinga ukulandisa uma i-pane ingaphansi kwe-0.5% yevoti, kuyilapho abanye befuna ukuba ubhalisa ukhokhe uma ububanzi bungadluli kakhulu. Izihloko aziwushintshi umphumela wesigaba; ucwaningo lwango-2001 luthole ukuthi inani elincane kuphela lezazi zezwe eliye lawuphendula umphumela. Nokho, u- 2000 Florida walandisa impikiswano yabonisa ukuthi izihloko zingaba zezombangazwe nezinxushushunxushunxu zempi ezingokomthetho. Izinselele ezingokomthetho ngokuvamile zigxile ekungavumelani i-bollation, i-votor elpigzig, noma ukuphatha okungafanele kwemishini yokuvota. Ukhetho lwama 2020 lwathola inani elingakaze lamacala obugebengu — ngaphezu kuka-60 — kodwa cishe konke kwalahlwa ngenxa yobufakazi.

Ukushintsha Amandla

Inkathi ephakathi kokhetho nokunikezelwa (umhla ka-January 20 emahhovisi kahulumeni, ehlukanisela amahhovisi ezwe nawendawo) ibalulekile ekushintsheni okushelelayo. Emincintiswaneni kamongameli, i-General Service Administration (GSA) inikeza indawo yehhovisi, ukuphepha, ukuvikela, nokuxhasa ukubusa okuzayo. Inqubo yokuguqukela ilawulwa yi-Presidential Transiction Act. Ukulinda ekuqinisekiseni umnqobi, njengoba kwenzeka ngo-202020 lapho umphathi we-GSA engawamukelanga ngokusemthethweni ukunqoba kukaJoe Biden kuze kube sekupheleni kukaNovember, ingenza amalungiselelo okulawula. Ushintsho olusha luqinisekise ukuthi ukuphathwa kwe-Predialcial Translial Transdition Act. Ukusebenza kwezwe ngenkambiso yezindaba eziyinhloko nezokuvikela izwe lonke.

Ukuthembela Komoya Nokuphikisa Ngokwentando Yeningi

Isigaba sangemva kokukhethwa sithinta futhi ukuqashelwa komphakathi ukuba semthethweni kokhetho. Uma abafuna ukubuthwa kanye nabasekeli babo bemukela imiphumela ngokunethezekile, ukuthembela esimisweni kuqiniswa. Uma benqaba ukuvuma futhi kunalokho bakhuthaza ukusho okungenasisekelo kokukhohlisa, njengoba kwenzeka ngemva kokhetho lwama 2020, kuqeda ukuqiniseka komphakathi futhi kungaholela ebudloveni bezombangazwe. Ukudluliselwa ngokuthula kwamandla kuyisici esibonakalisa ukubusa kwentando yeningi, kodwa kuxhomeke ekuzimiseleni kwabo bonke abahlanganyeli — abalandelayo, imithombo yezindaba, nokhetho — ukuhlonipha imiphumela yesihle nokhetho olungakhethi.

Isiphetho: Ukubaluleka Kokuhlanganyela Isivumelwano

Uhambo olusuka kuprimmist ukuya okhethweni oluvamile lude, luyinkimbinkimbi, futhi luvame ukuphikisana. Isigaba ngasinye — kusukela ekukhetheni kweqembu ngaphakathi, phakathi nezinyanga zokukhankasela nokukhangisa, kuya esenzweni sokugcina sokufaka ibhola kanye nokuqinisekisa imiphumela elandelayo — sifeza indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi ubani obusayo. Kubantu abahlala khona, ukuqonda lenqubo akusona nje isiqalo sokuthatha iqhaza.

Isimiso sombuso wentando yeningi sixhomeke ekuhlanganyeleni. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokuvota, ngokusebenza ngokuzithandela, noma ngokumane nje uhlale unolwazi, izakhamuzi zinendima okumelwe ziyenze. Imithetho ingase ifezeke; isimiso singase singahlanekezeleki. Kodwa enye indlela — isimiso esingenakhetho, noma ngokhetho olungenamfashini — imbi kakhulu. Ngokuhlanganyela enqubweni yokukhetha, kusukela ekuqaleni kuya ekugcineni, izakhamuzi ziqinisa indwangu yentando yeningi ekugcineni evikela amalungelo nenkululeko yazo.

Ukuze ufunde ngokuqhubekayo ngezinqubo zokhetho nezinguquko, hlola iKhomishane ye-FLT yokhetho, i- Conference yesizwe ye-Lectislatures[ yemithetho eyinhloko yesifunda, kanye ne-U.S. Ukhetho lwe-Profect Commission [ lwezesayensi yokuvota kanye neziqondiso zokuthola imvume.]