Isilinganiso sezohwebo sase-Ireland − umehluko phakathi kwenani lempahla nezinkonzo ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kanye nalezo ezithunyelwe kwamanye amazwe (itshe eliyikhokhisi lokusebenza kwezomnotho kwezwe). Emashumini eminyaka, lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwemiklamo kuye kwakhanga ukutshala imali kwamanye amazwe, futhi kwathonya ukuma kwe-Ireland phakathi kwe-European Union nezimakethe zomhlaba. Ukuqonda ukuthengwa kwenani lentengiselwano ye-Ireland, izici eziyisekelayo, nokuthi ibhekephi kudinga ukuhlolisiswa kokwaziswa okungokomlando, amandla, kanye nezikhangiso ezibheke phambili.

Lokhu kuhlola kungena ezimweni ezinde, abashayeli bezakhiwo abaye benza i-Ireland yaba ngenye yezimo ezingcono kakhulu zezomnotho emhlabeni, kanye nezinqumo ezizothinta abenzi bemithetho, abaholi bezamabhizinisi, nabanikazi bezimali. Umfanekiso ungowezisekelo eziphawulekayo zokuzinzisa nokugxilisa ingqondo okunezingozi ezingokomthetho kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ukuthambekela Okungokomlando Ekulinganiseleni Kwezohwebo E - Ireland

Ukuhweba kwe - Ireland eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu edlule kubonisa ukuguquka kwezwe ekuhlukanisweni kwezomnotho zezolimo kuya engxenyeni yomhlaba wonke yemisebenzi nezinkonzo eziphakeme zezindinganiso ezingu - 76.

Inkathi YamaCeltic Nengxenye Yayo Yangaphambili

Phakathi nonyaka ka-1990 kanye nonyaka ka-20000, i-Ireland yathola ukwanda okusheshayo kwezomnotho .Nxathela yentela yenkampani yamaCeltic, izimali zokwakha, nezisebenzi ezincane zeNgilandi, idonsela imali eningi kwamanye amazwe (FDI), ikakhulukazi esetshenziswa engobuchwepheshe obusekelwe e-US. Ngo-2002, insalela yezohwebo yase-Ireland yayisikhule yafinyelela cishe izigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-59, isekelwa ukuthunyelwa okukhuphucuzene kwezinhlelo ze-software, amakhemikhali, nemishini. Inani elisele lalingayisibonakaliso esicacile sokuncintisana kwezwe nokuhlangana kwezelelwa kwemithi embulungeni yonke.

Umphumela Wenkinga Yezomnotho Yomhlaba Wonke Ka - 2008

Inkinga yezimali ka-2008 yahlasela i-Ireland kanzima. Izindleko zasekhaya zawa, izinxushunxushu zasemabhange zawa kakhulu, futhi izinto zangaphandle zehla kakhulu. Nokho, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngezindawo zezindawo zezindawo eziningi zamazwe ngamazwe zabonisa ukuqina okuphawulekayo. Nakuba insalela yezohwebo yacwila okwesikhashana ngo-2008 njengoba izindleko zokuhweba ngaphandle zazinyuka, yaphinde yancipha ngokushesha. Ngo-2010, inani elisele langaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-20, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi izimali ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zahlala ziqinile kuyilapho izimpahla zenkokhelo nemikhiqizo yabathengi zancipha kakhulu. Inhlekelele yagcizelela ngokuphumelelayo isimo somnotho we-Ireland: izindleko ezisemakhaya ezigcwele kakhulu, futhi i-MNE esaziswe ngaphandle kwezindawo eziqhubekela phambili.

Ukwanda Kwama - PostCoris Namarekhodi

Kusukela ngo-2023, inani lentengo yezohwebo e-Ireland liye landa ngokuphawulekayo, lifinyelela inani elilinganiselwa ezigidini eziyizigidi ezingu-65 zempahla yezohwebo ngo-2023. Lokhu kugadla kuhlangene nokungasungulwa kwempahla yolwazi kanye nokukhiqizwa yimishini yemithi ne-IT, esebenzisa i-Ireland njengesisekelo sokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe e-EU nakwezinye izindawo. Okusele njengengxenye ye-GDP manje kungaphezulu kakhulu kwe-50%, enye yezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu phakathi kwezomnotho ezithuthukisiwe. Imininingwane evela eMnyango yezemithi yase-Ireland ephakathi (CSO) ibonisa ukuthi ukuthunyelwa kwemikhiqizo yemithi nemithi kuye kwaba yisigaba esisodwa esikhulu kakhulu, ukulandisa cishe kumaphesenti angu-40 ezinto ezithengwayo zonke ezithengiswayo. Lokhu, kuyilapho kungenisa imali enkulu, kanti ukukhiqiniswa kwezindawo ezingenisa.

Izici Zanamuhla Ezithonya Ukulinganisela Kwezohwebo

Ukuwaqonda kubalulekile ekuchazeni izibalo zamanje nezilandelayo.

Ukugxila Ezenhlalo Nezenkolo Ezihlukahlukene

Iqoma le-Rwanda elithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe lilawulwa inani elincane lezimboni. Imishini yobuchwepheshe, imishini yogesi (ikakhulukazi imishini kagesi yasendulo), kanye nezinkonzo zekhompuyutha zihlangene ziveza inani elikhulu lenani lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ukuba khona kwefemu ezinkulu njenge Pfizer, Johnson, Apple, Google, ne-Intel kuye kwadala indawo engaphandle eshicilelwe kakhulu futhi eqhutshwa kakhulu yimpahla yentela ephezulu kanye nempahla yolwazi (IP). Ngenxa yokuthi i-MNEs inzuzo yezincwadi nentengiselwano ihamba ngezinhlangano ze-Ireland, ukuthengiselwa kwemali edlula inzuzo yezezomnotho engaphakathi kwe-Ireland. Nokho, i-MNE ingxenye isekela izinkulungwane zezinkulungwane zemisebenzi ekhuphuzwayo futhi ingenisa intela enkulu.

Ukushintsha I - Bretin Nokuhweba

Ukusuka kwe-United Kingdom e-European Union kuye kwaba ukuthusa kwangaphandle kwentengo yase-Irish. Ngokomlando, i-UK yayimakethe yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe enkulu kakhulu e-Ireland. I-PPP.Brhit, ama-pariff, imishini yokuhlola, nokungena kwe-orthoric i-revergence kuye kwaphakamisa izindleko futhi kwabangela ukuhweba. Amafemu ase-Ireland aye afuna ezinye izimakethengiso e-EU kanye nezwe. Izivumelwano zezentengiselwano ze-CSSO zibonisa ukuthi ingxenye yempahla yase-UK ye-Irish yehla isuka cishe ku-16% ngo-2022.

Ukushintshashintsha Kwemali Namandla E - Euro

Ngenxa yokuthi ingxenye enkulu yezinto ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe zase-Ireland ifakwe kuyi-layvre e-US (izemithi) kuyilapho izindleko zingezinye ze-yuro, izinhlangano zemali zithinta ukuncintisana kwezentengiselwano. I-yuro enamandla yenza i-Ireland ithenge imali eshibhile kakhulu kubathengi besebenzisa ama-cherrenc, inciphisa imfuno. Ngo-2022, lapho i-yuro yehla kakhulu emalini e-URC (ithename) lapho ithatha izindleko zesikhathi sokuqala emashumini amabili eminyaka (Irishāns6) abathuthi abathumela kwamanye amazwe besebenzisa i-operation. Ngokuphambene, ukwazisa okuqhubekayo kwe-yuro kungenza igwegwegwegwe. I-Europe Central Bank i-n Bank i-mal, inzalo yenzalo, nemfuno yomhlaba wonke idla inzuzo entengo ngesilinganiso esilinganisweni semali emalini enziwayo enziwa enziwa eshumini le-Ireland enziwayo enziwayo enziwayo enziwayo enziwayo

Umthetho Wasekhaya: Intela Nokutshala Imali

Isilinganiso sentela yezinhlangano ezingu-12.5% se-Ireland sekuyisikhathi eside inguzibuthe we-FDI. Nokho, isivumelwano sembulunga yonke sentela yenkampani ephansi (15%) ngaphansi kwe-Base Erosion ne-Information Shifting (BEPS) siyosebenza kusukela ngo-2024. Nakuba i-Ireland isisayinwe, ithonya langempela ekuthengiseni kwezentengiselwano aliqinisekile. Imithetho ye-MNE eseyiseke kakade imisebenzi emikhulu e-Rland, futhi i-OECD i-aced system, ne-travolutionss system ismeding isssss. Ushintsho endleleni ekhutshwa ngayo incwadi nenzuzo yezentengo lungashintsha umthamo wenani lokuthunyelwa kwezentengiselwano ngisho noma umsebenzi wangempela wezentengiselwano ezindaweni ezingaphandle kakhulu. Imithetho kahulumeni ikhuthaza i-R&D nezindawo eziphambili futhi i-miqulunter.

Ukuhweba Ngezimali Nezomnotho Zamanani

Ngaphandle kwezimpahla, i-Ireland ingumholi wezwe ezinkonzweni ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe cishe ngezindlela ezihlukene ze-CSO, izinkonzo zamakhompuyutha, izinkonzo zezezimali, nokuhlola kwezebhizinisi. Intengiselwano yemisebenzi iye yakhula ngokushesha kakhulu kunempahla, ibonisa ushintsho lwezinombolo zezomnotho. Ngo-2022, i-Ireland ithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-80 ezisebenzayo ezinkonzo, ngokwe-CSO, ikhiqiza inkokhelo yemisebenzi ecishe ibe yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyinkulungwane zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zemali. Lenani linciphisa kakhulu impahla encitshisiwe futhi liqokomisa ukubaluleka kwe-software, ukuhlelwa kwe-data, nezinkonzo zembulunga yonke ezinikezwa yi-MNES. Njengoba ukushintsha kwezomnotho zezemfundo nemisebenzi yezemisebenzi ye-EUPUSCPrigion Act encindial nemithetho encindisiwe ingashintsha kakhulu.

Ukulinganisela Kwezohwebo EIreland Esikhathini Esizayo

Ukubikezela ukulinganisela kwezentengiselwano ze-Ireland kuhlanganisa ukuhlaziya kokubili ukuqina komshini wayo othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kanye nezingozi ezivelayo ezingawuphazamisa. Imithombo eminingi ehlanganisa i-Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI), i-Central Bank yase-Ireland, kanye ne-IMF-Preal izimpawu ezikhomba ekukhuleni okuqhubekayo, kodwa ngemihume ephawulekayo.

Isimiso esiphakathi (2024-2027)

Izibalo eziningi zibona ukuthengwa kwezimpahla kulokhu kusele, ohlwini lwe-ECR55-65 biliyoni ngonyaka. Isidingo semithi yokwelapha kulindeleke ukuba sihlale sinamandla njengoba abantu bekhula eYurophu naseNyakatho Melika kudinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe. I-meta yobuchwepheshe, ngesikhathi sisekwehla ngo-202223, kunokwenzeka ukuba iphinde ikhuphuke njengoba izinkonzo zamafu ziqhuba i-Al nemali entsha. Imisebenzi yokusebenza ethunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kufanele iqhubeke ikhuphuka ngesilinganiso sawodwa ama-computer ekhula ngenani eliphindwe kabili le-RCMFCC (April 2024) eminyakeni yamuva. IMF’s World Economorcial Out (April 2024) iprocel yase-Ireland ihlanganisa ukuthengwa nokugentisana kwemali esele ngaphezu kwe-10% ye-GDP kuya ku-2025.

Ukuhlukana Kwamabhizinisi Akwamanye Amazwe

Abathuthi be-Ireland bazama ngokuzikhandla ukuzama ukudayisa izimakethe ezintsha ukuze banciphise ukuncika kwe-UK ne-U.Trade ne-Asia, ikakhulukazi i-China, i-Indiya, ne-Southeast Asia, baye bakhula kancane. Izivumelwano zenkululeko ye-EU namazwe anjenge-South Korea, iSingapore, neVietnam ziye zavula imisele emisha. Ukuthunyelwa kwezindawo ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe, i-Dairyry, inqaba engokwesiko, kuye kwathola abathengi abasha eMpumalanga Ephakathi nase-Afrika. I-pharma kanye nemboni yobuchwepheshe nazo ziyanda izinhlangano ezidayisa izimakethengiso. Le misebenzi yemakethengiso inciphisa ukuncipha kwezindawo ezisezindaweni ezikhona futhi kufanele isekele inani elisele.

Izingozi Zokwenezela: Ukugxilisa Ingqondo, Intela Nesimo Sezulu

Ingozi enkulu kakhulu iyaqhubeka ikhona. I-MNES inikeza inzuzo enkulu kakhulu yokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Uma enye inkampani enkulu yezokwelapha ibhekana nokwehluleka komkhiqizo noma ikhetha ukuthatha i-IP kwenye indawo, i-meta yohwebo ingashintsha kakhulu. Izinguquko zentela zembulunga yonke ze-OECD zingabangela ezinye izimboni zezezenzuzo ezindaweni zemali ephumayo eIreland, zinciphise inani elibhaliwe lokuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe ngisho noma ukukhiqizwa komzimba kuhlala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimiso zesimo sezulu somngcele ($(-*carbon) wokulungisa izimiso (CAM) nemithetho eqinile yokukhipha intela imvelo kunciphe imali eshisiwe imbonini enjengamakhemikhali ne-logion. Inkampani ye-mkhampane (evamile i-pharma) ingabhekana nezindleko eziphakeme ngaphansi kwe-carbon encindibilikayo ngenxa yalokho, i-irbon i-sbon i-sbon.

Amathuba Ezobuchwepheshe Nezinkonzo Zokwakha Uhlaza

I-Ireland ibheke phezulu, isendaweni eqinile yobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza. Uma ikhona, i-overse hydrogen, ne-data esebenzayo esendaweni eluhlaza inikeza amathuba amasha okuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Imisebenzi eminingi yamandla avuselelwayo ikhona, futhi izimboni zase-Ireland zithumela izinkonzo ezihlobene nomklamo wepulazi lomoya nemisebenzi. Uma zikhona, zinganezela ungqimba olusha kubhasikidi othunyelwa kwamanye amazwe. Ingxenye yenkonzo futhi inendawo yokukhula ezindaweni ezinjengenclindertech, i-ibersecurety, nesayensi ehlola ukuphila. Ngezimiso ezisekelayo, izinkonzo zingathunyelwa kwamanye amapulazi ezinkozo, futhi isambaze imali eyandayo.

Izinkinga Zomnotho Wase - Ireland

Ngokuvamile, ukuthengwa okuphikelelayo kuwuphawu lokuqina kwezomnotho, kodwa eIreland, imiphumela ishintsha futhi idinga ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela.

Izinzuzo Zezomnotho: Iziqiwi Zasemalini, Umsebenzi, Nokuhlala Uqinile

Inkokhelo iletha ukugcwala okungaguquguquki kwemali yangaphandle, ukuqinisa ukulinganisela kwemali ekhokhwayo nentela yase-Ireland phakathi nezinkinga zembulunga yonke. Isekela futhi umsebenzi owenziwe wabezekeli abaphezulu emaqenjini anjenge-pharma, IT, nezimali. Iholo elikhokhwa amaMNEs linomphumela owehlayo ekusebenziseni imali yasekhaya, amanani empahla, kanye nentela. Uhulumeni wase-Ireland manje uthembele ezinkokhelweni zentela zenkampani (ingxenye enkulu yengxenye ye-MNE) yemali yengqikithi yentela ewunyunyana engu-27% [1] umbiko ophakeme. Le miholo yempilo yemali ephambili ivumele izwe ukuba likhokhe izikwele futhi landise izimali zezikhulu.

Izingozi Zokwethembela Nokulinganisela Kwesifunda

Izindawo ezingekho zimele zingaba sengozini. Uma isidingo sembulunga yonke semithi yemithi noma izinkonzo zobuchwepheshe sehla kakhulu, i-Ireland ingabhekana nokwehla okukhulu komnotho. Ukuthunyelwa kwezinto ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe nakho kuholela ekungalingani kwezindawo zendawo: isifunda saseDublin namanye amadolobha ambalwa abamba imali eningi, kuyilapho izindawo zasemaphandleni zithatha isikhathi esingemva. Abenzi bemithetho yemithetho kumelwe bafake imali ezikoleni zezemisebenzi, izindlu, namakhono ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi izinzuzo zenani elikhulu lezohwebo zihlanganyelwe kakhulu. Inkinga yezimali ka 2008 yabonisa ukuthi ukuthengwa okukhula akuyithinti kakhulu kwemali emakhaya ngenxa yesabisayo uma ibhanki nezindawo zempahla zishiswa kakhulu.

Izimiso Ezituswayo Zokulinganisela Kwezohwebo

Ukuze ilondoloze ukulinganisela okunempilo kwezohwebo esikhathini eside, iIreland kufanele iphishekele imigomo eminingana ewusizo:

  • [[I-FLT:0] Igunyaza izingxenye ezithunyelwa kwamanye amazwe: Imboni yomdabu esekela i-agritech, ubunjiniyela, ne-software ukulinganisela ukubusa kwe-MNE.
  • Ifakelwe ezisekelweni eziqinile: amandla avuselelekayo, amatheku anyusiwe nentambo ebanzi, kanye nokuswelakala kwezindlu okuvimbela italente.
  • Ukulawula ushintsho lwentela: Umsebenzi usebenza kanye ne-MNEs ukuze kulondolozwe ukutshala imali ngisho nanjengoba imithetho yentela yomhlaba wonke ishintsha.
  • [ Ubuhlobo bezohwebo obuqinile: Ubuhlobo obujulile nezimakethe ezisavela ne-EU, kuyilapho ulawula iBrexit́ .
  • [[I-FLT:0] Izingozi zemali njalo: Sebenzisa izimpawu zokuqala ezibonisa ukugxiliswa kwezindawo kanye nesidingo sembulunga yonke.

Ngamafuphi, ukulinganisela kwezohwebo zase-Ireland kuphokophele ukuba kuqhubeke kusetshenziswa imali esele esikhathini esiseduze, eqhutshwa yimithi, ezobuchwepheshe, nezinkonzo. Nokho indlela ende i-îrun ixhomeke ekutheni izwe lizivumelanise kanjani nentela elinganiselwe yembulunga yonke, imfuno yesimo sezulu, nezici zezwe. Ngokusebenza ekuthuthukiseni ukuhwebelana nokuzivuselela, i-Ireland ingasekela ukuhweba kwalo okumangalisayo amashumi eminyaka ezayo.

Ukuze ufunde ngokwengeziwe, hlola izibalo ze-Atstatistic Office ye- ye-Central statistics Office izibalo ze-, ukuhlaziya kwezezomnotho ngokwekota [, kanye ne [[FLT]IMF World Economor Outlook [. Lemithombo inikeza ukwaziswa okunemininingwane kanye nokucubungula okunzulu kwezimiso ezithinta ikusasa lentengiselwano ye-Ireland.