Ukuqina Okuhlala Njalo Kwamagatsha Amathathu AseMelika

Ukusebenzelana phakathi kwegatsha lomthetho, isikhulu, neyahlulelo likahulumeni wase-United States kwakha itshe eliyinhloko lokuphila kwezombangazwe zaseMelika. Lobu buhlobo, ukuxubana kokubambisana ngamabomu nempi engenakugwenywa, kuchaza indlela imithetho enziwa ngayo, indlela izimiso ezisetshenziswa ngayo, nendlela uMthetho-sisekelo ochazwa ngayo. Kunoma yimuphi umfundi wezakhamuzi noma isakhamuzi esiboshelwe, ukuqonda lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Abalawuli boMthetho-sisekelo baklama isimiso esingesona sempumelelo, kodwa ukulinganisela lapho ukulangazelela kumelene nesifiso, nalapho kungekho ndikimba eyodwa ingalawula khona. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhloli obubanzi bekhono nokuphikisana phakathi kwamagatsha, silondoloza ukulingana kwamandla, futhi ekugcineni kusekele ukusebenza kwentando yentando yeningi yaseMelika.

Ukuqonda Amagatsha Amathathu Kahulumeni

Isisekelo sokwakha sikahulumeni waseU.S. sisekelwe ekuhlukaneni okusobala kwemibuso emagatsheni amathathu ahlukene. Lengxenye, eningiliziwe ezihlokweni ezintathu zokuqala zoMthetho - sisekelo, yabela igatsha ngalinye imisebenzi ethile kuyilapho inqubo yokuqondisana isebenza ngokuqhubekayo.

  • Igatsha elinophawu lwe-ligide (Athticle I): Imangalelwe ngokwenza i-’ imithetho, i-Congress iyinhlangano ehlanganisa i-parameral eyakhiwe iNdlu yabameleli neSigeqe. Indlu, ngokumelelwa okusekelwe kubantu bombuso, iqala izikweleti zemali futhi ibambe amandla okungafundi. ISigebengu, ngomelo, ngokuqinisekisa izilungiselelo zomongameli nokwenezela izivumelwano. Inkulumo yonke, idingida, i-mende, futhi idlulisa umthetho wokuthi konke kuvela ekuvikeleni kwesizwe kuya enkambisweni kwezempilo.
  • Igatsha eliphetheyo (Artle II):[FLT] eliholwa nguMongameli, okhonza njengenhloko yombuso noMphathi kuButho wamabutho ahlomile, igatsha eliphethe linomthwalo wemfanelo wokumisa nokuqondisa umthetho kahulumeni. UMongameli wengamela izikhulu zikahulumeni, ukhipha iziyalezo zezikhulu, futhi wenza inkambiso yangaphandle. UMongameli ongumsizi noMphathi weSikhulu usekela uMongameli ekufezeni lemisebenzi.
  • Igatsha le Jodicial (Article III): Lisebenza ngokuchaza imithetho noMthetho-sisekelo, igatsha lokwahlulela lihlanganisa iNkantolo Ephakeme nezinkantolo eziphansi zikahulumeni ezamiswa yiKhongolo. Abahluleli bamaFederal bamiswa ukuze baphile, baqinisekise ukuzimela ekucindezeleni kwezombangazwe. Izinqumo zesinqumo somthetho kahulumeni futhi linegunya lokugcina emibusweni yezomthetho-mthetho ngekhono lokuhlola, isimiso esimiswe ngokuqinile ecaleni lezehlulelo.

Igatsha ngalinye, nakuba linemisebenzi yalo eyisisekelo, lincike kwezinye ukuze lifeze izinjongo zalo, kwakha isimiso sokuncintisana.

Ukukhangisana Phakathi Kwamagatsha

Ukubusa okuphumelelayo akuvamile ukuzenzekela ngokuzihlukanisa. Izinto ezinkulu kakhulu emlandweni waseMelika i̬ kusukela kuyi-New Deance ukuya kumthetho wamalungelo omphakathi ukuya kumthetho wesizwe wezezimali zezemisebenzi i-̬ kuye kwadinga ukubambisana okukhulu emagatsheni. Lokhu kubambisana kuvame ukwembuleka ngezinqubo zomthetho-mthetho-sisekelo ezimisiwe futhi kuthathelwe izingxoxo ezingekho emthethweni.

Ukuhlelwa Kwemithetho Nokuqondiswa: Umshini Wokwenza Imithetho

Ubuhlobo phakathi koMkhandlu noMongameli buyinkundla ebonakalayo kakhulu yokubambisana phakathi komthetho kahulumeni. Isenzo esilula sokudlulisa umthetho kahulumeni sidinga ukuba amagatsha womabili ahlanganyele. Lobu buhlobo bubonakala ezindaweni eziningana ezibucayi:

  • I-Agenda Ebekwayo: Nakuba kunguMkhandlu kuphela ongangenisa futhi udlulise izikweletu, uMongameli unethonya elikhulu ezimisweni zemithetho. ISizwe saminyaka yonke se-Union sichaza inqubo ephambili yezokuphathwa kwesimiso, sinikeza izimemezelo kuKhomishane ukuthi umthetho omhlophe House uthemba ukubona uthuthukile. Abaholi nezisebenzi zabo zisebenza ngokuqondile ngokuqondisa kwenhlangano ekulungiseni izikwenziso ezikwehlwini zemithetho ehambisana nesimiso sokuphatha.
  • Imvume yomthetho woHlahlu lwemali: UMongameli unikeza iziphakamiso zemali eningiliziwe kuKhongolo unyaka ngamunye, edweba ukuhlobanisa ukuchithwa kwezinhlangano zikahulumeni. UKhongolo-mbuso alumane nje luyifake lesicelo; luphethe ukuzwa, izimpikiswano eziphambili, futhi luxoxa ngesinqumo sokugcina sokuhlela uhlelo lwemali kanye nezikweletu zezindleko zokubuyisana. Inqubo yokubuyisana, evumela umthetho othile ohlobene nomphakathi olulula eSihlalweni, iyithuluzi elinamandla lokubambisana i-̬ futhi ngokuvamile, izingxabano ezinkulu.
  • Ukuqinisekisa ukuTshengisana kwamakomiti: uMongameli uveza abantu ngabanye ezikhundleni eziyinhloko, kuhlanganise nonobhala beKhabhinethi, abahluleli bakahulumeni, namanxusa. Lokhu kuhlobanisa kudinga "imvume nemvume" yeSigele, inqubo ehilela ukuzwa kwamakomiti kanye nevoti egcwele. Nakuba ngokuvamile indawo yokuphikisana, inqubo yokuqinisekisa iyinqubo eyinhloko yokwakha igatsha eliphethe i-gelethi ne-jadiary.
  • Izivumelwano kanye ne-Prime: UMongameli uxoxa nezizwe zangaphandle, kodwa lezivumelwano ziba yisibopho kuphela ngemva kwamavoti amabili-mithathu eSigele ukuze zihlangane. Lemfuneko iphoqelela igatsha eliphethe ukuba lakhe isivumelwano esikhulu eSigeqeni ngaphambi kokuphoqelela isizwe ezibophweni zomhlaba wonke. Muva nje, abaphathi baye baphendukela kakhulu ezivumelwaneni zezikhulu, ezingadingi ukumiswa kwegele, ukuze kunqandwe lesethiyo.

Umthetho Ongokomthetho Nomthetho Owuhlobana: Ukulahla UMthetho

Izinkantolo aziqali umthetho, kodwa izincazelo zazo zomthetho ziveza indlela yokusabela enquma umthetho wesikhathi esizayo.

  • Jodicial Review njenge-Guiding Force: Lapho iNkantolo Ephakeme ikhipha umthetho njengongavumelani nemithetho, ithumela isibonakaliso esicacile kuKhongolo. INkantolo inikeza incazelo engokomthetho yokuthi uKhongolo lumelwe luhloniphe. Lokhu kungaholela ekuvumelaneni njengomthetho omusha weSishaya-mthetho weSishaya-mthetho weNkantolo okhuluma ngezindaba zeNkantolo lapho isaphishekela umgomo wesimiso sokuqala. Isibonelo, ngemva kokuba iNkantolo igumbu igumbuqele izinhlelo eziyinhloko ze-Voting Rights Act [FLD:2] Shelby County v. Barever[Fl:3], ingqungquthela yemithetho yezentengiselwano entsha yemithetho yokuqondisa ukuvosa.
  • Impindezelo esemthethweni eMthethweni: IziKhomishane zibambisana nemithetho elawulayo ngokumisa imithetho ehlanganisa noma ecacisa izindinganiso zomthetho ekuphenduleni izinqumo zenkantolo. Uma inkantolo edlulisa iziphakamiso zecala iphikisana ngemithetho endabeni, uMkhandlu ungadlulisa umthetho onqumayo ezweni lonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMkhandlu unamandla, ngomthetho ovamile, ukulungisa izinga lomthetho wenkantolo yezwe futhi umise inani lomthetho eNkantolo yenkantolo ePhakathi, nakuba lamandla esetshenziswa ngokungezwani ngenxa yokuzwela kwezombangazwe.

Ukuhlobana Kwesikhulu Nokwahlulela: Ukuphoqelelwa Nokuchazwa

Amagatsha aphethe nahluleli aphinde abe nobuhlobo obuhambisanayo, ikakhulukazi ekuphoqelelweni kwemithetho yasenkantolo. Amanxusa e-Federal, ngaphansi kokuqondisa kukaMongameli, anomthwalo wemfanelo wokusebenzisa izinqumo zenkantolo. Ngaphandle kokuzimisela kwegatsha eliphethe ukuphoqelela izinqumo, iziyalezo zokwahlulela ziyoba yize. Lokhu kuqinisa isidingo somthetho wejaji futhi kuqinise izinqumo ezisekela umphakathi nezombangazwe ezanele ukuba zigcinwe.

Ukungezwani Phakathi Kwamagatsha

Ukuxabana akulona uphawu lwesimiso esiphukile; kuyisici esakhelwe emklamweni womthetho-sisekelo. AmaFramers aqonda ukuthi amandla agcwele ayingozi, futhi adala iziphathimandla ezihlalisanayo ukuze zibangele ukungezwani. Lokhu kushayisana, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kuholela ekuthatheni i-glack lock, kusebenza njengesehlo esibucayi sokucupheni.

Ukufinyelela Isikhundla Esiphezulu Nemithetho Elawulayo

Umthombo ongapheli wempi ukumangalelwa kwezikhulu ngokuphamba. Omongameli, bebhekene noMkhandlu ohamba kancane, bangaphoqelela imingcele yegunya labo ukuba ifinyelele imigomo yesimiso. Lokhu kumema ukuhoxa ngamandla eSishaya - mthetho nasezinkantolo.

  • I-Executive Orders and Metranda: iziyalo eziphethe ezikhishwa nguMongameli ukuba alawule ukusebenza kukahulumeni kahulumeni. Nakuba enegunya lomthetho, awawona umthetho futhi angagumbuqelwa umongameli olandelayo noma ashaywe izinkantolo uma edlula igunya lomthetho-mthetho noma lomthetho-sisekelo. Iziyalezo ze-Controversectal, njengalezo zezokufuduka noma zesimiso sendawo ezungezile, ngokuvamile zibangela izinselele ezingokomthetho nemizamo yokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwazo.
  • ISivumelwano sesizwe se-Emergency: Umthetho we-National Emerdiations unikeza uMongameli amandla abanzi ukuba enze into engakaze ithathe isinyathelo kamuva phakathi nenhlekelele eqanjiwe. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi amongameli baye basebenzisa leligunya ekunqandeni iSishaya-Mnyango ezindabeni ezifana nokuxhasa udonga noma izijeziso. Umbuso ungadlulisa isinqumo sokuqeda isimo esiphuthumayo, kodwa ukwenza kanjalo kudinga i-partro enkulu eqinile, umgodi ophakeme kuhulumeni ohlukene.
  • Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Vito Power: ithuluzi likaMongameli eliqondile nelinamandla lokuvimbela umthetho. UKhongolo-khampani lungadlulisa i-veto kuphela ngenani eliphindwe kathathu emagumbini womabili, isenzakalo esingavamile. Usongo lweveto ngokwalo yithuluzi elinamandla lokuchaza, ngokuvamile libangela uMkhandlu ukulungisa izikweletu ngaphambi kokuba ufinyelele ideski kaMongameli. Lokhu kwakha iphuzu elicacile lapho inqubo yesikhulu ingqubuzana khona ngokuqondile nenani elikhulu lemithetho.

Ukuthatha Isenzo sokwahlulela ngokumelene nemithetho emisiwe: Impikiswano Engapheli

Impi ivame ukuvela ngenxa yendima eyiyo yejaji. Amagama athi "izenzo zomthetho" kanye "nokuzithiba komthetho" achaza amafilosofi aphikisanayo ngendlela abahluleli okufanele bawuchaze ngayo umthetho.

  • Izinqumo zezwe nokungalungi kwe-operal: Izinqumo zeNkantolo ePhakeme ezicanda kakhulu ezicini ezihlukanisayo i-̬ njengokukhipha isisu ( Roe v. [, AmaDobbs v. Jackson & #817; iNhlangano yempilo ), i-yeyiseka, noma umkhankaso ([ u-kayela i-United.[FLT][FLT] [FFLT:7]])[12])[22] projectivedssss ne-'ogloned provicess proces procencesss propertivess, noma izivumelwano ezinziwandisholo zokwahlulela ezikhuthayo zokwahlulela ezikhuthayo ezikhuzwe.
  • Imithetho ebekelwe iNkantolo: Ikhomba-mthetho inamathuluzi omthetho okuphindisela emuva ngokumelene nejaji. Inganikeza izinguquko zomthetho-sisekelo ukuze kushintshwe isinqumo seNkantolo, nakuba inqubo yokulungisa kunzima kakhulu. Okungaphezulu kakhulu, uMkhandlu ungakhipha imithetho emisha enikeza umgomo ofanayo wenqubo, ukhiphela ngokuphumelelayo isinqumo sokwahlulela. Amandla okumisa i-appellate ngokomthetho weNkantolo Ephakeme nenkantolo ephansi awenye, futhi ayivamile ukusetshenziswa, uma kuhlola amandla okwahlulela.

Impi Engokomthetho Engokwesivumelwano: Amandla Okuthenga Nokuphenya

Ngaphandle kwezingxabano ezingokwesimiso, igatsha lezomthetho lisebenzisa izikhali ezimbili ezisabekayo ezimpini zalo nomphathi: amandla esikhwama semali namandla okuhlola.

UKhomishane ulawula yonke imali esetshenziswa uhulumeni. Ungasebenzisa izikweletu zemali ukuze uxhase, uvimbele, noma uvimbele ngokuphelele izinhlelo zamagatsha. Umongameli angacela ukuxhasa ngezimali uhlelo olusha, kodwa uma iSishaya-mthetho senqaba, izitebhisi ezihamba phambili. Ngokufanayo, uKhongolo luqondisa ukuqulwa nokuphenyiswa kwezenzo zegatsha eziphethe. Amabhukwana asebenza ngokufaka izincwadi nobufakazi angamathuluzi anamandla okugcina iziphathimandla zinecala, kodwa futhi zingaba izindawo zokulwa okukhulu, njengoba zibonwa ezimpini ngelungelo le-computer nokwenqaba ukubambisana.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo Zokuhlobana Nokuxabana

Ukuhlola izibonelo zezwe langempela kuveza ithonya elicatshangelwayo lokubambisana nokuphikisana. Lokhu kuhlola kubonisa indlela amagatsha aye alawula ngayo izindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngezinye izikhathi aphumelela ngobuhlobo obunye futhi ngezinye izikhathi aveza ukuphuka okujulile.

I - Afford Care Act (ACA): Isifundo Esihlolwayo

Ingxenye kanye nokusinda koMthetho we-Affordal Care Act ngo-2010 iyisigaba esiphambili kokubili ukubambisana phakathi kwe-branch nempi eqhubekayo. Umthetho wawuwumkhiqizo wokubambisana phakathi koMongameli Barack Obama ne-Democratic Congress. Ngemva konyaka wengxoxo enzima nenkulumo-mpikiswano, lomthetho wadlulisa womabili amakamu ngaphandle kokusekela iRepublican endlu noma eSigeqeni. Lomthetho waba yimpumelelo ephawulekayo.

Nokho, kwaqubuka izimpi. Izifunda-mazwe eziningi futhi izimpi zaququzelela izinselele zomthetho, ziphikisa ngokuthi ukugunyazwa komuntu ngamunye nokwanda kweMedicaid amalungiselelo kwakungagunyaziwe. Icala, National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius [202], yafinyelela eSinqumweni esiPhakeme. Esiwumthetho esiqinile, iNkantolo yasekela igunya lomuntu ngamunye njengentela kodwa yagadla i-Medicaid. Lesi sinqumo saphoqa i-National Federation of Independent Busission v. [inani elihlangeneyo nezifundazwe], njengoba amanye amazwe ekhethe ukwandisa uMdicad kuyilapho amanye engazange, ukwenza isimiso semisebenzi. I-ACAgagaga iveza indlela yokuhlanganisa intela yokwahlulelwa kwemithetho yezomthetho, ukubukeza izivumelwano ezintsha, futhi izikhuluze izimpi zezombangazwe. [AnFogconfigne]

Ukuqhubeka: Impi Eyinhloko Yomthetho - sisekelo

Ukuqamba kumelela impi enzima kakhulu yomthetho-sisekelo phakathi kwamagatsha emithetho nezikhulu. Kuyinqubo yezombangazwe kuphela, hhayi eyesigebengu, eklanyelwe ukususa uMongameli ngenxa "yomcabango, ukufumbathisa, noma obunye ubugebengu obuphakeme kanye namaphutha." Lenqubo ibonisa ukuhlukana kwegunya phakathi kweSishaya-Mkhandlu ngokwaso.

  • Investigation ne Vote: Indlu yabameleli, ngeKomiti yoMgqizi, iphenya izinsolo kuMongameli. Uma iningi livota ukuvuma izihloko zokungagunyazi, uMongameli akavunyelwa ngokomthetho. Lesi sinyathelo sifana necala.
  • Ukuqulwa kwecala nesiyalulo: Khona - ke iSigele siqulisa icala, amalungu endlu esebenza njengabashushisi noMahluleli oMkhulu weNkantolo Ephakeme ophethe. Ukuvota kwezintathu ezimbili kweSigele kuyadingeka ukuba kususwe uMongameli ehhovisi.

Izakhono zikaMongameli uAndrew Johnson, uBill Clinton, noDonald Trump (i-twice) zibonisa ukucindezeleka okukhulu okubangelwa yilenqubo ezindaweni zobudlelwane phakathi komphakathi. Icala ngalinye laliphawulwa ukuhlukana okukhulu kwabashokobezi, izimpikiswano ngokuthi yini ehlanganisa icala elingathandeki, nemibuzo ejulile ngemingcele yamandla egunya. Akukho mongameli owake wasuswa yiSigele, kodwa lenqubo ngokwayo iguqula ngokuphawulekayo isimo sezombangazwe futhi ingacindezela igunya likamongameli.

Inani Labantu Abangu - 2020 Namandla Alawulayo

Impikiswano ehlanganisa ukubuzwa kwe-inthanethi ngo-2020 Credium inikeza isibonelo samuva kakhulu sempi yamabhuleki amaningi. UMnyango Wezohwebo, ngaphansi kwe-Trump, wahlongoza ukunezela umbuzo. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi kungakukhubaza ukuthatha isinyathelo esingaqondile futhi kuveze isilinganiso esinganembile, kuphule umthetho ogunyaza ukuhlanganiswa kwenani labantu.

Izikhulu eziningana namaqembu azimele aqulwa icala, aholela enkantolo ePhakeme. ISikhundla Sezentengiselwano v. New York (2011). INkantolo ekugcineni yavala umbuzo wesizwe, ibusa ukuthi i-arhente yagunyaza ukuthi i-studiate text yangaphambili. Igatsha eliphethe icala laphoqelelwa ukuba lishiye icebo lalo. Lendaba ibonisa indlela ikomiti ekwazi ngayo ukuhlola isenzo sokuphatha esekelwe ekucabangeni okunephutha, ngisho nasezindaweni zekhono lokulawula elibanzi ngokwesiko. Ibonisa futhi indlela izinhlangano eziphethe zegatsha, ezisebenza ngayo phakathi kwemingcele emiswe yiBhungane nezinkantolo.

Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Kukhona Kokulinganisela

Ukusunduza okungapheli phakathi kwamagatsha amathathu akuwona iphutha okumelwe lisuswe kodwa isici okumelwe siqondwe futhi sivikelwe. Isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela siklanyelwe ukuthatha ijubane, ngamabomu, futhi kumelane noshintsho olukhulu. Lokhu kungaba okukhungathekisayo enkathini edinga isenzo esiphuthumayo, kodwa kufeza injongo ebucayi: kuvimbela noma iliphi igatsha ekubutheni amandla angavinjezelwa.

  • Izilondelo ezingokomthetho: UMongameli ukhipha umthetho; uMkhandlu udlulisa amavoti anele; uMongameli umisa amajaji; iSigeqe uyawaqinisekisa; abahluleli bahlola imithetho evumelana nomthetho-sisekelo; iziKhongolo zingahlela ukulungisa ukugumbuqelwa kwezinqumo zokwahlulela. Ngamunye walemibuso ehlangene udala isimiso sokuncika nokuziphendulela.
  • I-Public Accounting njengenhlolo yesithathu: Inhlolo - nhlolo ephethe kuwo womathathu amagatsha i-colorate yaseMelika. Abavoter bakhetha uMongameli namalungu e-Congress. Umbono womphakathi, nakuba kungesona esinye samagatsha, sicindezela kakhulu izikhulu ezikhethiwe. Izakhamuzi ezikhuthele ezihlanganyelayo Ô ngokuvota, ukuxhumana nabameleli, nokuhlanganyela enkulumweni yasobala yenkulumo yeningi yenza isimiso somthetho-mthetho-sisekelo. Ingxenye efuna ukuba kukhululwe nakuwo wonke amagatsha ukuba avikeleke ngokuqinisekayo ngokukhohlakazeka kwamandla.
  • Izinselele zokulinganisela: ibusa ngokusha kule zinselele. Ukuphakama kwemiyalo yezikhulu, ukusetshenziswa okwandayo kwe-palibuster eSigeqeni, ukumiswa kweziqinisekiso zokwahlulela, nokukhula kwezwe lokuphatha konke okucindezela ukuhlukaniswa okungokwesiko kwemibuso. Ukuqonda lezizici ezishukumisayo kubalulekile kunoma ubani ofuna ukuba isakhamuzi esibophekile nesiphumelelayo. [[FLT:] U.S. uhulumeni unikeza ukucubukiswa kwesisekelo sale zakhiwo, kuyilapho ukuhlola kugcwele ezinhlanganweni zezemfundo yomphakathi [FLT][FLT][F:][4][5]

Isiphetho: Isimiso Esiphilayo Sokucindezeleka Nokubambisana

Ukusebenzelana kwamagatsha kahulumeni akuyona indlela eqinile egcinwe ezincwadini. Yisimiso sokuphila, sokuphefumula nokubambisana okudlalwa nsuku zonke eWashington, D.C., nasezinkantolo kulo lonke izwe. Ukuhlobanisa kusiza uhulumeni ukuba abhekane nezinselele zezwe, kusukela ezinkingeni zezomnotho kuya eziphuthumayo zempilo yomphakathi kuya ezidingweni zomphakathi. Ukuxabana, nakuba ngokuvamile kuphazamisana nokulawula kwezombangazwe, kusebenza njengengxabano ebalulekile evikela inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye futhi ivimbela noma iliphi igatsha ekulawuleni abanye.

Kubafundi nabafundisi, ukuqonda lokhu kunamandla akuyona nje inqubo yemfundo. Kuyisihluthulelo sokuqonda indlela izimpi zezombangazwe ezivuleka ngayo, ukuthi kungani ezinye izinyathelo zenqubo ziphumelela lapho abanye behluleka, nokuthi umthetho ugcinwa kanjani emphakathini ohlukene futhi ohlukene kakhulu. Ukuhlakanipha kwesimiso saseMelika akukho ekusebenzeni kwayo, kodwa ekuqiniseni kwayo. Ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo komthetho, isikhulu, namagatsha okwahlulela kuqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ahlala ehlukene, enecala, futhi ngaphansi kwethonya eliqinile loMthetho-sisekelo nesohlalo lwezakhamuzi. Ukuhlola okujulile kwezinhloso zabaHluleki, [[FLT:] ukulondoloza izinqolobane zesizwe [[FLT]] umqulu oyinhloko we-Constitution [FLT] [FLD]]