Isingeniso: Okwenza Ukufunda Okusakazwa Ezindabeni Kubaluleke Ngentando Yeningi

Impilo yanoma yimuphi umphakathi wentando yeningi ixhomeke ekhonweni lezakhamuzi zayo lokwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi, ukuthatha impikiswano, nokuthatha isibopho sokubusa. Kulelikhulu lama-21, lamakhono ayizinhlangothi ezinkomba zekhono elaziwayo njengemfundo yezindaba. Ukuvula izithuba zemfundo yezezindaba nokuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi akuyona nje imfuno yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo yezemfundo; kuyisidingo esingokoqobo enkathini yokwaziswa okuningi, ukuhlanganisa ulwazi oluphelele, ukuhlanganisa izibalo, nokungaqiniseki kwekhono lokuhlaziya imiyalezo ekhuphuculwayo, ukucuthakasha izinhlelo ezisekelwe emzwelweni wezenzweni wezentando yeningi, ukuhlelwa kwezindlela ezingapheli, nokuhlelwa kwezindlela ezisetshenziswayo kubantu ngabanye, abafundisi, nabenzi bezimiso.

Ukuchaza Ukufunda Kwemithombo Yezindaba Enkathini Yezinombolo

Izinhlangano Zekhora

Ukufunda kwezezindaba kudlulela ngalé kokuqonda okulula. Kuwumncintiswano owenza abantu bakwazi ukuhlukanisa , ulwenzeka, , ukukhuthuka [, [[FLT], [[FLT]] ukuhlaziya [[FLT:]], [[FLT], [[FLT] nescrect [[FL:]ct [[5]]'isebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zokuxhumana. National Association yezemfundo (MLML) ichaza njengekhono lokuhlola, ukucunganisa, ukucunga, nokwenza zonke izindlela zokuxhumana ezihlukene. Ukuhlanganisa izicimo ze-Denegadiyo:

  • Ukwaziswa okunika ulwazi: Ukwazi ukuthi ungayitholaphi imithombo ethembekile, kuhlanganise namarekhodi omphakathi, ama-metainism, ne-sethi yemfundo, kanye nokuba namakhono obuchwepheshe okuzithola.
  • Okuqukethwe yi-Antalythis: Ukuqonda injongo, izilaleli, amasu okukhiqiza, kanye nobandlululo olucashile esigijimini sezindaba. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqaphela izindlela zokuthonya njengokunxusa okungokomzwelo, ukuhlela okukhethayo, kanye namaphutha anengqondo.
  • Ithemba elibalekayo:[ Ukuhlola ukwethembeka kwemithombo esekelwe ebufakazini, idumela, ukuba sobala, nokungaguquguquki. Amathuluzi afana nokufunda kwamuva /ukuhlola umthombo kwezinye izikhombo ezithembekile.]
  • Isakaza imithombo yezindaba: Iveza okungaphakathi komuntu ngokwakhe] noma yindawo yezokuxhumana, i-methodm, i-comphy, ividiyo, noma i-podcast(indlela ethembekile, yokuziphatha ethinta amaqiniso kanye nemibono ehlukahlukene.
  • Isenzo:[ Ukusebenzisa amakhono okufunda emithonjeni yezindaba ukuze uhlanganyele ekuphileni komphakathi, kusukela ekuvoteni okusekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kolwazi kuya ekukhuthazeni ushintsho lwenqubo ngamaplatifomu emishini.

Imvelaphi Yomlando Nokuvelela Kwanamuhla

Umqondo wokufunda nokubhala wezezindaba wavela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 kanye nemithombo yezindaba, kodwa ukuphuthuma kwawo kuye kwakhula ngokukhula kwemikhankaso yezokuxhumana nezokuxhumana kanye nokusakaza i-algorithm-dve. Imizamo yakuqala yokufunda nokubhala emishinini yokubhala ku-1930-1960 igxile ekuchaseni inkulumo ephambanayo, njengoba kubonakala emsebenzini weNhlangano yeze-Propaganda Texasical. Namuhla, izimiso ezifanayo zisebenza ekuqapheleni imikhankambiso ehlangeneyo yezentengiselwano, i-fieke, nezikhangiso ezincane. Isayensi yezokuxhumana yanamuhla ayidingi nje kuphela ukucabanga okunelisayo kodwa futhi nokuqonda indlela izimpawu ezisebenza ngayo ekulawuleni ukuziphatha, nendlela izinto ezingoko ngokomnotho ezibonisa ukunemba okunemba okukhulu.

Indima Yokufunda Ezokuxhumana Ekuhlanganyeleni Kwentando Yeningi

Ukubhala Ngolwazi Nobuqotho Obuphelele

Intando yeningi isekelwe embonweni wokuthi abavoti bangakhetha ngokunengqondo ngokusekelwe ekwazisweni okuqondile ngokuphathelene nabazohlolwa, izinqubo, nezindaba.

  • Umehluko phakathi kokubika okusekelwe eqinisweni nombono noma inkulumo - ze.
  • Izinkulumo zokuqinisekisa ezashiwo ezikhangisweni zezombangazwe, ezimpikiswaneni nasezintweni zomkhankaso.
  • Qaphela amasu avamile okungavumelani nokwaziswa anjengokukhipha imisho, izithombe ezisetshenziswayo, kanye nokusekela kokukhohlisa.
  • Hlola ukuthembeka kokwaziswa okuphendulwayo nokusakazwa kwezindaba zezinqubo zokukhetha.

Phakathi nokhetho lukamongameli wase-U.S. no-2020, ukuhlola okuningi kwafaka ubufakazi bokusakazeka kwemiphumela yamanga, ngokuvamile kwanyuselwa ngabadlali bangaphandle. Sttanford History Education Group [ ucwaningo lwezemfundo yezemfundo yezemfundo ye-intanethi] lwathola ukuthi ngisho nabafundi basekolishi bazama ukuhlola ukuthenjwa kwemithombo ye-inthanethi, baqokomisa igebe eliyikhompuyutha. Ukungenela kwezemfundo yabafundi baseMedia kuveza ukuphumelela kokufunda nokuchofoza imingcele kamuva ekhosha ekhonweni yabafundi ukuhlola ulwazi olunezene, kuqinisa ngokuqondile ukwenza kwentando yeningi.

Ukuhlanganyela Enkulumweni Yeningi

Imibuso emisha ebusa ngentando yeningi idinga izakhamuzi ezingaxoxa ngezihloko eziphikisanayo futhi ezihloniphekile. Ukufunda i media kukhuthaza lokhu ngokufundisa abantu ukuba baqonde imibono eminingi, baphawule amaphutha anengqondo, futhi baqaphele ukusetshenziswa kwemizwelo. Uma abantu bengaqeda isihloko sezindaba noma i-disc yezombangazwe, cishe abanakuthoba ukuthonywa yinkulumo eshubile futhi bathambekele kakhulu ekutheleleni ngokunenzuzo engxoxweni yomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, izinhlelo ezinjenge- News Literacy Literacy Projects “Sclogist". Indawo yohlelo isize abafundi ukuba bahlaziye izibonelo zangempela zezindaba zenkulumo exoxiweyo, iholele ezingeniswe kakhulu nasebushicini obusekelwe ezindaweni zokufundela nangalé.

Ukulwa Nokwaziswa Okunganembile Nokungazwani

Umngcele phakathi kokwaziswa okunganembile (amanga angaqondakali) kanye nokungaqondi kahle (ukukhohlisa okungalawuleki) kubaluleke kakhulu ekuzisekeleni kwentando yeningi. Ukufunda i Media kunikeza ithuluzi lokuhlukanisa kokubili. Ukucwaninga kwe-RAND Corporation kubonisa ukuthi imfundo yokufunda nokubhala ingenye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokuvikela ekuhlunuleni ulwazi, njengoba kwakheka imikhuba ebucayi ethatha isikhathi eside kunokuncika ekuhloleni iqiniso lokwenzisa. Amakhono abalulekile ahlanganisa:

  • Ukuqinisekisa umthombo wokuqala wokuzisholo kwegciwane.
  • Ukuhlola ukuthembeka kwalendawo yokukhipha imvume nomlobi.
  • Ukufuna ukusekelwa kwemithombo eminingi ezimele.
  • Ukuqonda indlela ubandlululo oluqinisekisa ngayo kwenza abantu bathambekele ngokwengeziwe emangeni ahlobene.

Ukuthembeka Nesenzo

Izakhamuzi ezifuna ukuxhumana ziphumelela kakhulu. Ziyazi ukuthi zingawuthaka umbiko okholisayo, zikhethe iziteshi ezifanele, futhi zijongise izintambo zazo eziqondiswe ezilalelini ezithile. Ngokwesibonelo, izimpande zotshani zinyakazisa izinyawo ezifana no-#ELD Lives Matter nodwendwe lwesimo sezulu zinamandla okudala anamandla okuthuthukisa ukuqapha, ukuqoqa, ukukhuthaza nabagqugquzela izinkambiso. Ngaphandle kokufunda imithombo yezindaba, izingozi zokuzifaka ekuphathweni yinkulumo exekethile noma ukuhluleka ukudlulisela isigijimi sabo ngokucacile.

Izinselele Ezingapheli Zokufunda Imithombo Yezindaba

Ukwaziswa Okugcwele Ukunaka Okuningi

Umuntu ovamile usebenzisa amakhulu ezingxenye nsuku zonke, kusukela ezihlokweni eziphambili kuya ezikhungweni zezokuxhumana. Lesisikhukhula senza kube nzima ukuma futhi sihlaziye kahle into ngayinye. Ukwaziswa okuningi kakhulu − okuhlangene namapulatifomu aklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukufinyela/ukwehlisa amandla okusebenza kwengqondo. Abantu abaningi abakwazi ukubhekana nokusabela okungokomzwelo noma ukuzwelana ngokomzwelo (umz., “uma kuvela igciwane, kumelwe ukuba kuyiqiniso” kunokuhlaziya ngamabomu.

Ukuhlukana Kwezinombolo

Ukufunda imithombo yezindaba akusakazwanga ngokwesilinganiso. Ucwaningo lwe-Internet ephezulu, imishini, nokuqeqeshwa kwemitapo kuyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokwemali eholayo, ukuma kwezwe, ubudala, nemfundo. Imiphakathi yasemaphandleni, abantu abadala, nemikhaya ethola imali ephansi ngokuvamile inamathuba amancane okuthuthukisa amakhono okufunda aqinile. Ngokwesibonelo, ucwaningo lwe-Pew Research Center lwathola ukuthi abantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-2021 ubudala abaneminyaka engu-65 babengasenamathuba amaphutha okusebenzisa amawebhulobhusayithi okuhlola iqiniso noma ukuqinisekisa izindaba ngaphambi kokuba bahlanganyele nabo. Ukuhlukanisa le ngxenye kudinga izinhlelo zokuhlangana nabantu lapho bekhona, njengamaqembu asekelwe emitatsheni yezincwadi noma amagumbi okusebenzela ama-mitapost.

Ukushintsha Isimo Semithombo Yezindaba Ngokushesha

Izifundo zangemva kwesikole zizama ukuhambisana noshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe. Ukunyuka kwe-TikTok, ividiyo efushanisiwe, umbhalo nezithombe, kanye nokuqukethwe yi-ephemeral (umz., Izindaba ezithathelwa phambili) kuveza izinselele ezintsha. I-juefkes . jufakes menodial meadiadiadiadias meimory noma ividiyo ye-ac. foonec ingngng shobon ngisho nezibukeli eziqeqeshiwe. I-alpholics manje yenza okune ngokwezinga elidlulele, i-ephedings ezinciphisa imibono ehlukeneyo. Abafundisi kumelwe baqhubeke belungisa izinto zabo ukuze bakhulume ngalezi zinsongo eziso.

Ukumelana Nokucabanga Okugxekayo

Ukukhetha okuhambisana nokucabanga, njengokuqinisekisa ubandlululo nokucabanga okushukumisayo, kwenza abantu bamelane nokungabaza ukwaziswa okuvumelana nezinkolelo zabo ezikhona. Lokhu akukona nje ukuntula ikhono; kuyisithiyo esingokwengqondo. Ngakho izinhlelo zezokubhala nokubhala imithombo yezincwadi kumelwe zihlanganise izifundo eziphathelene nokuqaphela ubandlululo nokuthobeka kwengqondo. Ukunikeza amaqiniso ngokuvamile akudingi ukuqonda ukuthi kungani abantu bethambekele ekulandiseni okuthile nokuthi bangaphikiswa kanjani.

Izinqubo Zokufundisa Imithombo Yezindaba

Ukusakaza Ukufunda Okuyi - CD Yezindaba Kuyi - Curricula Yasesikoleni

Indlela ephumelela kakhulu yokwakha inani labantu ngezemidiyane ingemfundo ehleliwe. Izifunda eziningi, kuhlanganise ne-Illinois ne-Texas, ziye zamisa imithetho edinga imfundo yokufunda engokwami ezikoleni ze-K-12. I-Curricula kufanele ifakwe ezifundweni zezifundo zezenhlalo noma zesiNgisi kuphela, kodwa kwezesayensi, ezibaloni, nasemidwebweni . . .abafundi abafundayo ukuhlola imithombo yokucwaninga, ukuhlukanisa izimpawu zemizwa, nokuqaphela inkulumo - zezindaba ezingokomlando. I-meta-analysis ishiciswe e [[FLT:]] yemfundo yokufunda eMedia Media

Izindawo Zomsebenzi Ezisekelwe Emkhakheni Nezinhlelo Zomtapo

Izincwadi zomphakathi ziyizindawo ezingokwemvelo zemfundo yokufundela ubuzwilane. I-American Library Association inikeza imithombo nokuqeqeshelwa abantu abadala ukuba baqhube amashabhu okuhlola izindaba zokukhohlisa, ukuzwa i-algorithism, nokuvikela imfihlo. Amalayibhuli angabuye ahambisane nezinhlangano zezindaba zendawo ukuze anikeze “izincwadi ezintsha zokubhala” kusihlwa lapho izintatheli zichaza indlela ezisekela ngayo imithombo futhi zibike ngokwezimiso zezimiso. Kubantu abadala, amashabhu asebenzela ukusetshenziswa nokuthungamenywa kwezenhlalakahle yamazwe awusizo lubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukubambisana Nezinhlangano Zemithombo Yezindaba Nezobuchwepheshe

Izindawo zokusakaza imithombo yezindaba zifaka isiphakamiso ekuthuthukiseni ukufunda nokubhala phakathi kwezilaleli zazo. Uhlelo lwe-BBC Young Reporter” lwe-BBC lufundisa izingane ukuthi zingakhiqiza kanjani amaphephandaba angokokuziphatha, kuyilapho i- News Literacy Project isebenza nabamemezeli ukwakha imithombo yamakilasi. Imishini yobuchwepheshe inganezela futhi ngokuklama imiboniso ekhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuba baqiniseke. Ngokwesibonelo, u-Twitter (manje u-X) uqala ukukhuthaza abasebenzisi ukuba bafunde izihloko ngaphambi kokuba bafunde i-retweeting, kanti u-Youtube uye wanezela amaqoqo okwaziswa okuhlola amaqiniso. Le mizamo ingaphumelela kakhulu uma ihambisana nemikhankambiso yemfundo echaza ukuthi kungani kuphakama.

Izingxoxo Ezikhuthazayo Emakhaya Nasemaqenjini Omphakathi

Ukufunda imithombo yezindaba akuyona nje yezesikole. Abazali nabanakekeli bangalingisa ukusetshenziswa okugxekayo ngokuxoxa ngezindaba ezisetafuleni lokudla, bebuza imibuzo efana nothi “Ubani owadala lo myalezo futhi ngani?” futhi“ Yibuphi ubufakazi obusekela lokhu kuveza?” Izinhlangano zomphakathi kuya emaqenjini omphakathi. (kusukela emaqenjini ezindaba zomphakathi kuya emaqenjini omphakathi) kuya ezinhlamvwini ezidingidayo ezicushwa ngokucacile. Inhlangano engangeni efundisa izindaba zezindaba Ihleli Izingxoxo zegumbi [ inikeza amafomethi ahleliwe ukuxoxa ngezindaba ezihlukanisayo ezikhuthaza amaqembu amaqembu akhuthaza amaqembu ukuba ahlanganyela imithombo nokubonisana.

Ukusebenzisa Ukufunda Okusekelwe Emdlalweni Nezilinganiso Zezinombolo

Imidlalo exhumanisayo ingenza ukufunda nokubhala kwezezindaba kube yindawo ejabulisayo. “Badmark News,” umdlalo osekelwe kuwebhu osungulwe abacwaningi eYunivesithi yaseCambridge, ufaka abadlali indima yomenzi wokwaziswa, ubafundisa amasu okusebenzisa kabi. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi ukudlala i-“Bud News” kuthuthukisa ikhono labadlali lokubona amasu a-internations. Ngokufanayo, u-“Fake Imark It" ilingisa ukwakhiwa kwe-equarch yamaphepha. Lamathuluzi asetshenziswa kakhulu emakilasini nasezinhlangano zolwazi emhlabeni wonke.

Ikusasa Lokufunda Nokuhlanganyela Kwentando Yeningi Kwemithombo Yezindaba

Ukuzivumelanisa Nokudla Nokukhiqiza

Ukuhlakanipha okuzenzekelayo kulungisa isimo sezokuxhumana ngokushesha kunanoma yibuphi ubuchwepheshe bangaphambili. I-Al esheshayo ingaveza umbhalo oyinkohliso, umsindo, kanye nevidiyo ngokwesilinganiso, kukwenze kube nzima ukuhlukanisa izinto ezingokoqobo nezokwenziwa. Ukufunda kwezokuxhumana kwesikhathi esizayo kumelwe kuhlanganise i-Al ulup: ukuqonda indlela izimpawu zolimi olukhulu olusebenza ngayo, ukuqaphela izici ezikhona (umzk., imininingwane engabonakali engavamile, amabhande angekhona ngokwemvelo), nokwazi ukusebenzisa i-AIIP kwindalo engaphakathi. Izinhlangano zezokuxhumana ze-albhayzimethis ezinjenge-Data & Society Research Institute Inhlangano yokucwaninga ihlola lemikhawulo.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukufunda Ukuphila Konke

Ukufunda i media akunakuba isifundo sesikhathi esisodwa esikoleni esiphakathi. Njengoba kuvela amapulatifomu amasha, amasu, nobuchwepheshe, izakhamuzi zidinga imfundo eqhubekayo. Lokhu kungathatha uhlobo lwamasonto omphakathi onyaka wonke “okwazi ukufunda imedia,” ukuqasha amapheshana avela kubaqondisi beqiniso abathenjwayo, noma umqashi oqeqeshelwa izisebenzi. Ukufunda kokuphila konyaka kusho futhi ukuthuthukisa imikhuba yokuzikhumbuza i-metacologic, //ngokuzibuza, “Yini engiyifunayo?”

Ingxenye Ekhuthazayo Engahlangani Nebhokisi Lebhola

Ukubhala akumelwe kugcine ekuthatheni iqhaza ekukhetheni, kufanele kunike izakhamuzi amandla okuhlanganyela nohulumeni wendawo, ukuya emihlanganweni yedolobha, ukubhalela abameleli, ukuhlanganyela ezinkathini zokuphendula komphakathi, nokukhonza emabhodini omphakathi. Uma abantu beqonda ukuthi bangakuthola kanjani ukwaziswa futhi bakuhlole ngezindaba zendawo, baba abahlanganyeli abakhuthele kakhulu enqubweni yentando yeningi kuzo zonke izigaba.

Ukuphenya Imibono Yembulunga Yonke

Ukuqonda indlela imithombo yezindaba elawula izikhali ezisetshenziswa ngayo, indlela imithombo yezindaba esakazeka ngayo, nendlela imithombo yezindaba esebenzelana ngayo nezimiso zezokuxhumana ezisezweni lonke kubalulekile ukuze isakhamuzi sibe nolwazi emhlabeni wonke. Izinhlelo zezokuxhumana zokufunda nokubhala kufanele zihlanganise izifundo eziqhathaniswa zezimiso zemithombo yezindaba emazweni ahlukahlukene, zisize abafundi ukuba baqonde kokubili amandla nezenzo zentando yabo siqu.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlangana kokufunda nokubhala nokuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi akuyona imfuneko yokunethezeka kodwa kuyimfuneko yokusekela ukuzilawula. Njengoba indawo ezungezile yokwaziswa ikhula iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu − nge-almplitialm, imikhankaso yokuhlanganisa ulwazi, nemikhankaso ye-Al-generate, ukukwazi ukufinyelela, ukuhlaziya, ukuhlaziya, ukwakha, nokuthatha isinyathelo sokusebenzisa imithombo yezindaba kuba isisekelo sesizwe esifundiswa ulwazi. Ngokufaka ukufunda imfundo, izinhlelo zomphakathi, nenkambiso yomphakathi, singakha isakhiwo sezakhamuzi esiqinile sokusebenzisa i-atrupyractic , ukuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa i-democricial. Impilo yentando yeningi ixhomeke kuyo.