Isisekelo Sokuhlanganyela Kwentando Yeningi

Imfundo ilokhu iyikhomba lentando yeningi esebenzayo. Ngaphandle kokuba isakhamuzi sihlonyiselwe ukuqonda indlela uhulumeni osebenza ngayo nendlela yokuhlaziya ukwaziswa okusetshenziswayo, izinqubo zentando yeningi ziba sengozini yokusetshenziswa noma ukususwa. Ukukwazi ukufunda nokubhala nokubhala akusezona izithasiselo ezikhethelwe uhlelo lwezifundo oluvamile; kuyizici eziyinhloko ezidingekayo ukuze umuntu athathe iqhaza ekuphileni komphakathi. Lesi sihloko sihlola imfundo ebaluleke kakhulu efeza indima enika amandla ezakhamuzini, ihlola izinselele zamanje, futhi sinikeze amasu asebenzayo ezikoleni, emiphakathini, nabenzi bezimiso.

Ukuchaza Ukufunda Nokubhala Ngekhono: Okungaphezu Kokwazi Indlela Yomculo

I-Civic ukufunda nokubhala kudlulela ngalé kokuphindaphinda amagatsha amathathu kahulumeni. Ihlanganisa ulwazi olusebenzayo namakhono okucabanga abalulekile okulawula izinhlangano zomphakathi, ukusekela ushintsho, futhi yenza izikhulu zomphakathi zibone ukuthi zinecala. Ngokwe- Isikhungo se-CBICO Education[, umuntu ofundile ngokwezezesizwe uqonda izimiso eziyisisekelo zesimiso somthetho-mzi - sisekelo, uqaphela amalungelo nemithwalo yemfanelo yesizwe, futhi unamakhono okusebenza nabanye ekuxazululeni izinkinga zomphakathi.

Ingxenye eyinhloko yokufunda nokubhala emphakathini ihlanganisa:

  • Ulwazi ngezakhiwo zikahulumeni - Ukuqonda ukuhlukaniswa kwemibuso, ukuhlola nokulinganisela, uhulumeni, nomsebenzi wezinhlangano zendawo, uhulumeni, nombuso.
  • Ukungafiki kwezincwadi zesisekelo [ – Umthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S., u-Bill of Rights, kanye nezenzakalo zeNkantolo Ephakeme.
  • Amakhono okuthatha inxaxheba engekho emakholidini - Ukwazi ukubhalisa, ukuvota, indlela yokucwaninga nezilinganiso, nokuqonda ikolishi elikhethiwe.
  • Ukuthatha ngalé kokhetho - ukuya emahholo edolobha, ukuhlangana nezikhulu ezikhethiwe, ukusebenza ezinkantolo, ukuhlanganyela ezikhathini zokuphendula umphakathi, nokujoyina izinhlangano zomphakathi.
  • Ukuqonda amalungelo nemithwalo yemfanelo – Ihlanganisa izivikelo zeSichibiyelo sokuqala, inqubo efanele, nesibopho sokuhlonipha ukubusa komthetho.

Ukucwaninga kwe- Antenberg Policy Center[ kubonisa njalo ukuthi iningi lamaMelika alinakuwaqamba wonke amagatsha amathathu kahulumeni, futhi ambalwa angawachaza amalungiselelo akhethekile eBhill of Rights. Leligebe lolwazi linemiphumela eqondile yempilo yedemokhrasi, njengomvoti, ukuphehlwa kwezombangazwe, nokungamukeleki kokuhlukanisa wonke amaqoqo olwazi esizwe.

Ukuqonda Okuvela Emithonjeni Yezindaba: Ukusebenzisa I - adigital Ecosystem Yolwazi

Ukuqhuma kwemithombo yezindaba kuye kwashintsha indlela abantu abasebenzisa ngayo izindaba nokuhlanganyela enkulumweni yeningi.

Amakhono angokwesiko emithombo yezindaba ahlanganisa:

  • Umsuka uhlola[ - Ukuhlola idumela nezindinganiso zomhleli zabakhi bezindaba nabakhi be-octive.
  • [ Ukuguqula ubandlululo nokufushanisa - Ukuveza ulimi, umfanekiso, kanye nokukhetha kokulandisa okulawula indlela yokuqonda.
  • Ukuqinisekiswa kwamaqiniso – Usebenzisa amathuluzi ahlola iqiniso kanye nokuhlanganisa imithombo eminingi enokwethenjelwa.
  • Ukuqonda i-algorithm - Ukuqaphela indlela izimiso zokutusa nokudla okungakheka ngayo amagumbi e-ecoograph namagwebu ahluzayo.
  • Amasu okusebenzisa kabi ahlanganisa ukunxenxa okungokomzwelo, iziphazamiso ezinengqondo, ama-ithrake, kanye nemithonga yokuzenzela.

I-News Literacclary Project igcizelela ukuthi ukufunda nokubhala kwezezindaba akuyona into yokutshela abafundi ukuthi yini okufanele bayicabange; kungokokufundisa ukuthi bacabangisise kanjani ngokwaziswa. Isiteshi labo lokuhlola liye lasetshenziswa izinkulungwane zabafundisi ukuqeqesha abafundi ekuhloleni izindaba neminye imithombo yezindaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucwaninga kwe-Stanford History Education Group kuye kwathola ukuthi abafundi abaningi bazama ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezihloko ezixhaswe yize izihloko zezindaba, izihloko, nombono, okugcizelela isidingo esiphuthumayo sokufundisa kobucukujuqu kwezokuxhumana.

Ukuthuthukisa Ukufunda Nokuqonda Kwemithombo Yezindaba: Indlela Ehlangene

Ngokomlando, imfundo yomphakathi nokufunda kwemithombo yezindaba kuye kwafundiswa ngokwehlukana. Nokho, ukulungiselela impumelelo yokuba isakhamuzi sentando yeningi kudinga ukuhlangana. Abafundi kumelwe bafunde ngesikhathi esifanayo indlela uhulumeni asebenza ngayo nendlela yokuhlaziya ukwaziswa abakutholayo ngezindaba zomphakathi. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu esikhathini lapho imikhankaso yezombangazwe, izimpikiswano zezimiso, kanye nokubophana kwezakhamuzi kuqhubeka khona kuyi-inthanethi.

Umklamo Wemfundo Yekhulu Lama - 21

Izifunda zesikole nezinhlangano zemfundo zikahulumeni kufanele zihlele izikole ukuze zihlangabezane nezindinganiso ezihlanganisa umphakathi nokufunda imithombo yezindaba.

  • Izifundo zomthetho [ kufanele zihlanganise izimo zokuhlola ukuthi ungakuthola kanjani futhi kanjani ukwaziswa ngezikhulu ezikhethiwe, umthetho ohlongozwayo, nemithetho yenkantolo.
  • Izigaba zomlando [ zingahlaziya inkulumo - ze kusukela ezinkathini ezihlukene futhi iqhathanise nemikhankaso yanamuhla yokungaqondisi ulwazi.
  • ubuciko bolimi lwesiZulu [ lungafundisa ukuhlaziya okungenaluphelo ngokusebenzisa izihloko zezindaba zamanje nezinkulumo zezombangazwe.
  • [[UMTH: 0] Izihloko ze-STM [ zingahlola indima yemithetho-mithetho, imfihlo yokwaziswa, nesisekelo sobuchwepheshe bamapulatifomu ku-inthanethi ekulolongeni inkulumo yeningi.

Izwe elinjenge-Illinois, i-New Jersey, ne-California kakade seliye lafaka umthetho wokufaka imfundo yokufunda yezokuxhumana ezikoleni ze K-12. Lemithetho inikeza ezinye izifunda ezibheke ukuqinisa iziteshi zemfundo zomphakathi nezokuxhumana.

Inqubo Esekelwe Kuyinqubo Nemfundo Ebalulekile

Imfundo esekelwe ekusithekeni kuphela akwanele ukwakha imikhuba ehlala njalo yomphakathi. Izifundo ezihilela ukuxhumana ezifuna abafundi ukuba basebenzise ulwazi ezimweni ezingokoqobo ziphumelela kakhulu. Izibonelo zihlanganisa:

  • Amacala e-Mock nenkantolo yezentambo - Abafundi bathatha izindima njengabameli, abahluleli, nabahluleli ukuze baqonde inqubo yokwahlulela.
  • Izimiso zeZizwe Ezihlangene noma zemithetho-mthetho [ - abathathi-mphikisi baphikisana ngempikiswano kanye nokuyekelelana.
  • Izindaba ezidluliswayo - Amakilasi akhiqiza amaphephandaba esikole, ama-podcast, noma imibiko yevidiyo kuyilapho enamathele ezimisweni zobuntatheli.
  • Imisebenzi ye-commonstry - Abafundi bacwaninga omagazini bendawo, bahlongoza amakhambi, futhi bazise emikhandlwini yedolobha noma emabhodini ezikole.
  • [ Izindawo zokuzivikela ze-Digatal [ - Abafundi baprakthiza ukuhlukanisa ama-email e-intshing, ukuqinisekisa izisho zezezokuxhumana, nokusebenzisa ukuphenya izithombe.

Izinselele Zemfundo Ephumelelayo Ngezingoma Nezincwadi Zezindaba

Naphezu kokuvumelana okukhulu ngokubaluleka kwalamakhono, izithiyo eziphawulekayo zivimbela ukufezeka okusakazekile. Ukuqaphela lemingcele kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuwanqoba.

Ukuqeqesha Abafundi Okunganele Nengcebo

Othisha abaningi bazizwa bengakulungele ukufundisa ukufunda nokubhala emithonjeni yezindaba noma izenzakalo zamuva. Ngokokuhlola [u- INhlangano yamuva , abangaphansi kwengxenye yothisha babika ukuthi bathola noma yikuphi ukuqeqeshwa okungokomthetho ekufundiseni ulwazi lwezezindaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izincwadi ngokuvamile ziphelelwa isikhathi esiphambili sezindawo ezishintsha ngokushesha zemishini, futhi izikole zingase zingabi nemali yokusekela izinto ezithuthukisiwe noma izikhokhelo zezindaba.

Ukuhlanekezelwa Kwezombangazwe Nezindaba Eziphikisanayo

Othisha kwezinye izindawo babhekene nokucindezela kokugwema izingxoxo zempikiswano ezinjengobuqotho bokhetho, ubulungisa bobuhlanga, noma isimiso sesimo sezulu. Lokhu kwesaba kungaholela ekuzifuneleni, kunciphe abafundi izimpikiswano ezibucayi ezakha amakhono okucabanga komphakathi. Imithetho yoMbuso evimbela indlela izindaba ezithile ezingafundiswa ngayo zenza isimo sibe nzima ngokwengeziwe.

Ukwanda Kokwaziswa Nokungaqondi

Isilinganiso esikhulu sokwaziswa kwenza kube nzima ukuhlukanisa imithombo enokwethenjelwa kweyalabo abadukisa ngamabomu.

Ukuhlola Okufanele Kuze Kuqala

Ezikoleni eziningi, ukufunda kwezezakhamuzi nezokuxhumana akuhlolwa ezimpilweni eziphakeme. Ngenxa yalokho, abaphathi nothisha bangahlela izihloko ezilinganiswayo ukuze ziyolandisa. Ngaphandle kwezinhlelo zokuhlola ezinikezelwe, lamakhono abalulekile angabekwa ngokweqisa.

Izinyathelo Zokuthuthukisa Imfundo Yokufunda Nemithombo Yezindaba

Ukunqoba lezi zinselele kudinga imizamo ehlangene ngamazinga amaningi: kusukela emakilasini okudla kuya esimisweni sikahulumeni nasemphakathini othembisana umshado.

  • [ Isungulo yezobuchwepheshe - Inikeza othisha ngokuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo kokufunda imithombo yezindaba, izenzakalo zamuva ezithiwa ipedagogy, nokuqashelwa kwenkulumo yomphakathi. Izinhlangano ezinjenge PBS Learningmedia ne project ye- News Literacy Project inikeza imithombo yamahhala noma ephansi.
  • Akha izindawo eziphephile zengxoxo [ - - Imisa izinqubo zasekilasini ezikhuthaza ukungavumelani ngenhlonipho nempikiswano esekelwe ebufakazini. Othisha bangasungula indlela yokuhlanganyela nemibono ehlukile kweyabo.
  • Iqembu lezesayensi lingaxoxa ngendlela yokuhlola izibalo zempilo kuwe-inthanethi, kuyilapho ikilasi lezibalo lingahlaziya ukwaziswa okuphendulwayo nokusetshenziswa kwezibalo.
  • [ Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza izinto bucatshange ngokuqondisisa[ - Sebenzisa imidlalo yokufundisa, imfaniso, kanye nezimo ezisebenzisanayo ezifundisa imiqondo yomphakathi neyomsakazo. I-Platforms enjenge-iCbivics, eyasungulwa yiJaji leNkantolo Ephakeme uSandra Day O'Connor, inikeza imidlalo yezembubhiso esetshenziswa izigidi zabafundi.
  • Ingxenye nezinhlangano zomphakathi - - Izikhalo zezindaba zendawo, imitapo yomphakathi, amaqembu angenanzuzo, nezinhlangano zikahulumeni zinganikeza ubuchwepheshe, izikhulumi ezivakashile, kanye namathuba okufunda angempela ezwe.

Indima Yabazali Namalungu Omphakathi

Izikole azinakuwuthwala zizonke lo msebenzi. Abazali nabanakekeli banendima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni imikhuba yomphakathi nasekungaqinisekini imithombo yezindaba ekhaya.

  • Izisetshenziswa ezicatshangelwe zemithombo yezindaba - Xoxa nezingane ukuthi kungani ukhetha imithombo ethile yezindaba nokuthi uqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi usho okuthile ngaphambi kokuba uhlanganyele.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Yingamela noma funda izindaba ndawonye - Sebenzisa isikhathi somkhaya ukuhlaziya izindaba, ukuzwa ubandlululo, nokuxoxa ngohlongozo.
  • Ihlanganisa imihlangano kahulumeni yendawo – iletha izingane emihlanganweni yesikole, izikhawu zomkhandlu wedolobha, noma ukuqulwa kwecala lomphakathi ukuze kuboniswe indlela izinqumo ezenziwa ngayo.
  • Izinhlangano zomphakathi zentsha - Ukusekela ukungenela kuhulumeni wabafundi, ama-pluging, amaqembu enkonzo yomphakathi, kanye nemikhandlu yentsha.
  • [[Umthetho:0] fundisa inqubo yokuhlanzeka kwenombolo - - Siza izingane ziqonde izinhlelo zobuso becala, ukuhlala njalo kwezinsika ze-inthanethi, nendlela imithetho yemithetho elawulayo ehlela ngayo lokho ezikubonayo.

Imiphakathi ingamisa nemikhandlu yabantu abakwazi ukufunda nokubhala, imikhosi yemithombo yezindaba, noma izinhlelo zomtapo ezinikeza abantu abadala nemikhaya amashadi.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: Izibonelo Eziphumelelayo Ezisebenzayo

Illinois: Umbuso Wokuqala Odinga Ukufunda Nokubhala

Ngo-2021, i-Illinois yaba yisifundazwe sokuqala sokugunyaza imfundo yokufunda nokubhala kubafundi bonke basesikoleni esiphakeme. Umthetho udinga izikole zomphakathi ukuba zihlanganise iziyalezo zokuhlola okuqukethwe yikho, ukuqonda indima yezenyuziyamu, nokuqaphela ukuhlaziywa kwemininingwane. Imibiko yakudala ibonisa ukuthi izikole ziye zathatha izindlela ezihlukahlukene, kusukela ezifundweni ezinikezelweyo zokuhlanganisa izimo ezihlanganisa izimo ze-media zemfundo. I-Illinois Media Sclinical Coalition inikeza intuthuko yobuchwepheshe kanye neziqondiso zezifundo.

Isicelo Sokufunda Sezingane Ezingafundi

IFinland ihlala iphakathi kwamazwe aphezulu ukuze ikwazi ukufunda nokuzimela ekudilizeni ulwazi. Indlela yeFinnish iqala lapho umntwana eqala imfundo, ifundisa izingane ukuba zihlole izithombe nezindaba ngokugxeka. I-media isihloko se-stable-president, hhayi isihloko esihlukile. I-National Soundreapolaise Institute ixhumanisa uthisha futhi iveze izinto nge-Finnish nase Sweden. Impumelelo yeFinland ibonisa ukuthi imfundo kahulumeni esekela i-computer ingaveza inani labantu elingaqiniseki kakhulu lokwaziswa okungamanga.

Imidlalo Yezinombolo Nemidlalo Yezinombolo

Imiswe nguMahluleli O'Connor, i-ICOVICOS inikeza imidlalo yemfundo yamahhala elingisa izinqubo zangempela zomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, Ingabe Nginalo ilungelo? ngifundisa abafundi ngamalungelo omthetho-sisekelo, kuyilapho uMyalo woMyalo [ ubafaka endima kamongameli. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi abafundi abadlala i-iCPICUns babonisa inzuzo ebalulekile ekwakheni komphakathi nasezithakazeni ezinkulu. Ipulatifomu ifinyelela abafundi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-9 ngonyaka.

Imizamo Yokuqinisa Imfundo Nezimiso

Abenzi bezenqubo ezimeleni zikahulumeni nohulumeni sebeqalile ukuqaphela ukuphuthuma kokuthuthukisa ukufundwa kwezindaba nezokuxhumana. Ngalé kwe-Illinois, i-Colorado, i-Connecticut, i-Delaware, ne-New Mexico baye bamisa imithetho ekhuthaza imfundo yokufunda nokubhala emithonjeni yezindaba. Umthetho we-Federal, kuhlanganise nomthetho we-Magitagitic Citizeritistic and Media Literacy Act, ufuna ukunikeza iziphiwo zokuthuthukisa nokusebenzisa izinhlelo zobufakazi ezisekelwe kulokhu.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-Cbics Democracy Act, ebekwe futhi eKhonsele ngokusekela kwe-bipartisan, isikisela ukutshala imali eningi emfundweni yomphakathi. Imali inganikeza imali yokusekela uthisha, ukuthuthukisa izifundo, namathuluzi okuhlola. Amaqembu aqeqeshelwa ukuphatha njengeCvips Center neGeneral Citizen ayaqhubeka ephoqelela inguquko enkulu.

Imibono Yomhlaba Wonke: Ukufunda Ezinhlanganweni Zamazwe Ngamazwe

IUnited States ayiyodwa elwisana nezinselele zemfundo yomphakathi nezindaba. Amazwe emhlabeni wonke aye asungula amacebo amasha afanele ukuhlolwa:

  • Sweden ihlanganise ukufunda imithombo yezindaba nezifundo zayo zesizwe futhi iqhube imikhankaso yokuqapha umphakathi ukuze ilwe nokungaqondi.
  • [1] ICanada ihlanganisa ukufunda i-minustry ne-media ezifundweni zesifunda, nezinhlangano ezinjenge-MediaSmarts ezinikeza imithombo yemali ebanzi.
  • [ Australia inikeza i-odocuments i-odocuments i-'i-'i-'i-'i-'i-'i-'i-'i-'i-'i-'i-'i-'i-'i-'i-'i-'i-'i-'i-ARP''' inikeza izimo'indlela yokugxeka i-'i-'i-Australia'i-'i-medivolution''', ne-Australia'i-mediauniverse media' ne-ouniversal's provision's provision''''''' i-'' i-'i-Australia' inikeza izimemono-'i-'i-Australia'i-'i-'i-'ishoreactritedrom''e providiodromss provings proving'ir ar'irreactri
  • seliyisebenzise imfundo yesizwe yokufunda ukufunda nokubhala ephepheni ukuze liphendule imikhankaso yokwaziswa eChina, lifundisa abafundi ukuqinisekisa imithombo nokuqonda inkulumo - ze.

Lezi zibonelo zibonisa ukuthi ayikho indlela engcono kakhulu, kodwa izici ezivamile zihlanganisa ukusekela okuqinile kukahulumeni, ukuqeqesha othisha, ukuhlangana kwangemva kwesikole, nokugxila emakhonweni awusizo kunokuba kugxile olwazi olufiphele.

Ithonya Lesikhathi Eside Empilweni Yentando Yeningi

Ukucwaninga ekufundeni komphakathi nasekuqondeni imithombo yezindaba kuveza izinzuzo ezingaphezulu kakhulu kwekilasi. Ukucwaninga [ku- kwe-American Progress kubonisa ukuthi abafundi abathola imfundo ephakeme yomphakathi basengozini kakhulu yokuvota, bahlanganyele enkonzweni yomphakathi, futhi balandele izindaba zomphakathi njengabantu abadala. Bathambekele ekubonakaliseni ukubekezelelana okukhulu kwezombangazwe nokwethemba ezinhlanganweni zentando yeningi.

Ngokuphambene, ukungabi khona kwemfundo enjalo kunezela ekunganakini kwabavoti, ukuvumelana nokudideka kwezombangazwe. Endaweni lapho izinkolelo zozungu zizuza khona ukuhlanganiswa nokukholelwa kokhetho, izindleko zokunganaki ziphakeme. Abantu abangenawo amathuluzi okuhlola ulwazi abanakuzibusa ngokuphumelelayo.

umbuso wezwe awunakuphumelela ngaphandle kokuba labo abaveza ukukhetha kwabo bazimisele ukukhetha ngokuhlakanipha. Ngakho - ke, isivikelo sangempela sentando yeningi siyimfundo.” – Franklin D. Roosevelt

Ukuze bavikele izizukulwane zesikhathi esizayo, othisha, abakhi bezimiso, abazali, nabaholi bomphakathi kumelwe babheke ukufunda izakhamuzi nezokuxhumana njengamalungelo ayisisekelo. Lokhu kusho ukunikeza imithombo eyanele, ukusekela othisha, nokuklama izinhlelo ezihlangabezana nezimfuneko zekhulu lama - 21 leminyaka zesayensi yokwaziswa.

Isiphetho

Ukunika izakhamuzi amandla ngokufundisa imfundo yomphakathi nokuqonda imithombo yezindaba akuseyona into yokunethezeka; kuyimfuneko ukuze ziqhubeke zibusa ngentando yeningi. Ngokuhlomisa abantu ngolwazi ukuze baqonde ukuthi uhulumeni wabo usebenza kanjani namakhono okuhlaziya ukwaziswa abakutholayo, singathuthukisa isizukulwane esihlanganyela ngokuhlakanipha, ngenhlonipho, futhi ngokuphumelelayo ekuphileni komphakathi. Umsebenzi ongaphambili unamandla, kodwa amathuluzi nemifanekiso esebenzayo. Okusalokhu kusekhona ukuba kusetshenziswe ngezinga elilingana nokubaluleka kosuku.