Ukubaluleka Kokubala Abantu Ngokunembile Nokungaphelele

Izibalo ezigciniwe zingaphezu nje kokubalwa kwabantu abahlala ngokusemthethweni; isisekelo sokusakaza imali engaphezu kuka - R2,50 000 000 ngezimali zikahulumeni unyaka ngamunye emazweni nasemiphakathini yendawo. Lemali isekela izikole, izibhedlela, imigwaqo, izinkonzo zengozi, nezinhlelo ezinjenge-Medicaid ne-SNAP. Izibalo ezibangelwa yimingcele yezilimi zisho ukuthi imiphakathi ilahlekelwa izimali zayo ezikhethekile kanye nokumelelwa kwezombangazwe. Ngokwe-U.S.S. cishe 8% yezisebenzi ze-U.S. inani labantu abaneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu nangaphezulu (cishe ayizigidi ezingu-25) babhekwa njengabangathembekile abangamaNgilandi (I-EP) abalinganiselwe. Laba abantu ngokuvamile babhekana nezithiyo ezinkulu lapho bezama ukuhlanganyela ekubaleleni, kuholela ekubeni bangabalelwa abavelayo nangaphansi kwezindawo zezindawo zezisebenzi zezakhamuzi zase-Brazil. Le misebenzi ayiyona nje imingcele ezindaweni zomphakathini.

Ngokomlando, ukubalwa kwabantu kuye kwanzima ukubala inani labantu be-LEP. Ngokwesibonelo, i-2020 Census yaba negebe elikhulu phakathi kwemikhaya ehlala abantu baseNgilandi naleyo engekho isiNgisi esiyinhloko. Ukucwaninga kwe-Urban Institute kwathola ukuthi amapheshana anemikhawulo ephakeme yezakhamuzi ze-LEP ayenezinga eliphansi kunamaphesenti ayishumi aphansi kunesilinganiso sesizwe. Lokhu kuhluka okuqondile kuthinta izinga lemininingwane yezendabuko kanye nokwabiwa kwezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zamaRandi.

Ukubaluleka Kokufinyelela Amanani Ngokwawo Wonke Amanani

Ukwakha Ukwethemba Ngenkambiso Yesiko

Inkokhelo ehlanganisa ukufinyelela yenza okungaphezu kokuhumusha amafomu — kwakha ukuthembana. Abafuduki abaningi nabasuka kwamanye amazwe bakhathazekile kakhulu ngokuqoqwa kokwaziswa kukahulumeni, kuhlanganise nokwesaba ukugcinwa kwezindawo, ukuzifihla, nokusetshenziswa kabi kokwaziswa. I-2020 Census yabona imikhankaso yokususa ulwazi ehlasela lokhu kwesaba, ikakhulukazi emithonjeni yezindaba ekhuluma izilimi zaseSpain. Uma ukuphumelela kuqhutshwa ngendlela ehloniphekile, kusetshenziswa izithunywa ezithenjwayo nezinhlangano zomphakathi, kubonisa ukuthi ukuhlonipha nokubaluleka kukahulumeni kule miphakathi. Lokho kuthembela kuveza ngokuqondile emazingeni aphakeme okuhlanganyela.

Izimfuneko Ezingokomthetho Nezokuqondisa

Umthetho we-Federal ngaphansi kwe-Title VI of the Civil Rights Act ka-1946 ufuna ukuba abamukela izimali zikahulumeni bathathe izinyathelo ezifanele zokunikeza abantu aba-LEP ukungenela okunengqondo. I-Census Bureau ngokwayo ine-Uhlelo lwe-Language Access Plan egunyaza ukuhunyushwa kwezinto eziyinhloko ezilimini eziningi. Izifunda zomphakathi nohulumeni bendawo abaqhuba ukubala inani lamanani futhi banesibopho sokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kolimi. Ukuhluleka ukunikeza ukukhipha ukwaziswa ngezindlela zolimi olulodwa kungalulaza isilinganiso kodwa futhi kungadalulaza imingcele ekubekeni engozini engokomthetho. Ngokuphatha ulimi njengendawo yokuqala ukuvumelana kwezilimi, imiphakathi ingagwema ukuthatha imvume lapho kuthuthukisa ukuhlanganisa inani.

Izindleko Zokubala

Imiphumela yokungalinganisi kolimi inzima. Kulowo nalowo muntu, umphakathi ulahlekelwa imali ecishe ibe nguR2 500 ngonyaka ekuxhaseni kukahulumeni phakathi neminyaka eyishumi eyalandela. Edolobheni elinezakhamuzi ze-LEP ezingu-10 000 ezibalwa ngekhulu lama-20%, eziguqulela ekulahlekelweni izigidi ezingu-R3,50 zezigidi ngonyaka — ngaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulinganiselwa kwamanani aphazamisa ukwabiwa kwezivumelwano nokuncitshiswa kwemithetho yezezombangazwe zomphakathi odinga iphimbo elinamandla kakhulu. Ngakho, ukukhokha inzuzo egcwele yinzuzo yokukho konke ukugcinwa kwemithetho yentando yeningi.

Imithombo Yokunqoba Izithiyo Zolimi

I - Census Bureau inikeza ingcebo yemali etholakala ngezilimi eziningi, kodwa imiphakathi eminingi ayiqapheli noma idinga usizo lokuyisebenzisa.

Izinto Ezitholakala Ngezilimi Ezihlukahlukene

I-Census Bureau ihumusha i-Reacher nenkinobho yokukhipha imibuzo ngezilimi ezingu- 59 ukuze kutholakale inani labantu abafakelwayo. Kukho izinto ezitholakalayo ngesiSpanishi, isiShayina, isiVietnam, isiKorea, isiRashiya, isiTagalog, isiPolishi, isiPolishi, isiCreole sase-Haiti, isiPutukezi, nesiJapani. `Beyodwa ngokwayo ifomu [[, inikeza iziyalezo zolimi, amakhadi okufingqalaza, namavidiyo afundisayo ngezilimi eziningi. Izinhlangano zendawo zingawalayisha kuwethunyenya izisekelo zemali [[FLT:] ne-Creauaugarian [ult:]. [i-FLT]

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zokuzihlela ngokwazo zenza ukuba abasebenzisi baqede ukubala abantu kuyi-inthanethi ngezilimi eziyi-13 (kuhlanganise iSpanishi, isiShayina, isiVietnam, isiKorea, isiRashiya, isiTagalog, isiPolish, isiPolishi, isiCreole, isiPutukezi, isiJapani, nesiNgisi). Phakathi nemishini ka-202020 Censues, ithuluzi lengosi ye-inthambi ye-inthambi ye-inthambi ye-inthanethi futhi lisiza abaqondisi ukuba baqaphele ulimi oluthakazelekayo futhi baxhumane nomtolishi. La mathuluzi kufanele athuthukiswe kakhulu emiphakathini ye-LEP, izikhangiso zezokuxhumana, imithombo yezokuxhumana, namawebhusayithi yomphakathi.

Imikhumbi Yomphakathi

Ayikho inkampani kahulumeni engafinyelela kuyo yonke imiphakathi yezilimi iyodwa. Ukufinyelela okunempumelelo kudinga ukubambisana okujulile nezinhlangano esezimethemba abantu. Laba bangane bahlanganisa izinhlangano zohlanga ezisekelwe emphakathini, amaqembu asekelwe ekukholweni, imitapo yezempilo, isiNgisi njenge Spanish Sesibini solimi (ESL), amaqembu afudukayo okuzala, kanye nezindawo zobuzwe zezentengiselwano. Phakathi no-2020 Census, i-Censues Caunsues uhlelo lobunganiselo lwe-mnion oluhlanganise izinhlangano ezingaphezu kuka-300 000, kodwa ohulumeni bendawo kumelwe bafake futhi izinhlelo ezifanayo zobuhlobo.

Izindlela ezingcono kakhulu zobungani: Izinhlangano ezisebenzisa amathuluzi ahlanganisa amaphuzu okukhuluma, ama-impukane, i-meters, i-menucode yezezokuxhumana, ne QR ukuya ku-i-inthanethi ye-inthanethi ngezindlela eziningi. Singanisela ukunikeza izinhlangano ezisekelwe emphakathini eziqhuba amaphuzu — izisebenzi zazo nezisebenzi zokuzithandela zivame ukuba izithunywa eziphumelela kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, iDolobha lakwa-San Francisco “IKomiti Yokubala ye-Equand” ixhaswe izinhlangano zomphakathi ezingaphezu kuka-40 ukuqhuba iminyango-ie - kusuka ekungeneni kwe-Chine, i-Tagalog, iSpanish, ne-Vietnam. Lemizwanombano eveza izinga elidlula isilinganiso sedolobha eliphakathi kulezo eziphakathi.

I-Levercage [[QUL:0] Ihlanganisa amaKomiti okubala njengesakhiwo esingokomthetho sokubambisana, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abameleli abavela ezindaweni ze-LEP banesihlalo etafuleni.

Usizo Lolimi Luyafudumala

I-Census Bureau isebenzisa isikhala esiwusizo esishisayo solimi olunikezelwe phakathi nezikhathi zokuqoqwa kokwaziswa okusebenzayo. Ku-2020 Census, i-line eshisayo (184-09-712) yanikeza ukusekela ngezilimi ezingu-99, nabahumushi abaphilayo abatholakalayo. Izindawo zendawo zinganezela kulokhu ngokusungula izingcingo zazo ezisheshayo zezilimi noma ngokuqeqesha izisebenzi ukuba zihambele e-motweni eshisayo yase-Bureaunia. Phakathi no-202020 Censues, amadolobha amaningi anezinkonzo zokuchaza ulimi ezifana nolimi oluneziNguqulo zezikhathi ezidingekayo ukuze kunikezwe incazelo yangempela yezenzakalo zomphakathi kanye nezikhungo zosizo ze-mathilo.

Ama-hotline asebenza kakhulu kubantu abangakwazi ukuthatha i-NEP nge-intanethi noma abadinga usizo lokuqonda umbuzo. Sebenzisa inombolo eshisayo ngokugqamile kuzo zonke izinto ezibhaliwe, ekukhangiseni kwezezindaba zobuzwe, nasezibhodini zezindaba zomphakathi. Kuwukuhlakanipha futhi ukuqeqesha abaphathi be-elepline ukuba bachaze ukuthi isebenza kanjani futhi baqinisekise abashayeli ukuthi ikhululekile futhi iyimfihlo.

Imithombo Yezindaba Nethonya Lobuhlanga

Imithombo yezindaba yezinhlanga — kuhlanganise neziteshi zomsakazo, amaphephandaba, amatheku eTV, nezingosi zezindaba ezisiza imiphakathi ethile yezilimi — ziyizindlela ezinamandla zokuthumela imiyalezo. Phakathi no-2020 Census, i-Censues Bureau ebekwe izikhangiso ezikhokhelwayo ngethelevishini nangomsakazo wesiSpanishi, kodwa ohulumeni bendawo bangakukhuthaza lokhu ngokusebenzisa izimemezelo ezincane zobuzwelo. Ngokwesibonelo, iphephandaba laseChina elikhuluma izilimi zase-New York City lakhipha i-operation imibuzo yesonto echaza ukubala abantu; isiteshi somsakazo se-Censuredio eSan Jose esinezin ezihambelanamende zemishwanabalo ezibonisa abantu.

Ukukhangisa okungathathi jini ngezilimi eziningi nakho kubalulekile. I-Facebook, Istagram, kanye nama-Google Ads avumela ukuhlasela ngokukhetha ulimi nendawo. Sebenzisa lamapulatifomu ukunikeza izikhangiso zevidiyo ezimfushane eziveza abaholi bomphakathi beqeda ukubala ngolimi lwabo lomdabu. Zonke izikhangiso kufanele zixhume kwikhasi lokufika ngolimi oluphelele kanye nokushaya ucingo olucacile.

Amacebiso Okukhulumisana Okuphumelelayo

Sebenzisa Ulimi Olucacile, Olulula

Ngisho nalapho izinto zihunyushwa, amagama angayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kumuntu ongafundile ngolimi lwakhe. Sebenzisa izimiso zolimi olulula: imisho emifushane, izwi elisebenzayo, amagama avamile. Gwema isikhonkwane esingokomthetho, izifinyele, nezinkulumo ezingokomfanekiso. I-Census Bureault’s i-Plainline Language Guidelines[ iyisikhombo esihle kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, esikhundleni sokuthi “Izimpendulo zakho zigcinwe ziyimfihlo ngaphansi kwesihloko 13 se-U.S. Code,” ithi “Izimpendulo zakho ziyimfihlo ngomthetho — asinakuzihlanganyela nanoma ubani. Singakwazi ukuhumusha izinguqulo zomdabuzwe ezisuka kubantu abakhonzi ukuqinisekisa.

Imishini Yosizo Nemibhalo Yezinto Ezibonakalayo

Ukuxhumana okubonakalayo kudlula ulimi. Imifanekiso, izithombe, ne-menugraphic kungadlulisela imiqondo eyinkimbinkimbi ngokushesha nasemhlabeni wonke. Ukuze kutholakale ukubala, sebenzisa izithombe ezibonisa ukugcwalisa isimo, izinhlobo zemibuzo ebuzwayo, nezinzuzo zokuhlanganyela. Gwema imidwebo ehlukile noma imifanekiso engafaneleka ngokwesiko. Ku-202020 Censues, i-Bureau yakha uchungechunge lwezinombolo ezingu-13 zezilimi eziningi ezisebenzisa izigcawu ezilula (umz., ingane ehhovisi likadokotela, umkhaya odla ndawonye) ukuze kuboniswe izinzuzo zokubala. Izinhlangano zendawo zingaveza izimpawu ezifanayo ezibonisa abantu emiphakathini yazo.

Uma kubhekiswa ku-QR, cabangela ukusebenzisa iziqondiso ezibonayo ezithi uma abadwebi bezibalo noma izisebenzi zokuzithandela bachaze inqubo. Lezi ziqondiso kufanele zihlanganise inombolo yocingo eshisayo ne-QR exhunywe kuyi-inthanethi ngolimi olufanele.

Isitimela Sokuthungatha Izisebenzi Nezisebenzi Zokuzithandela

Zonke izisebenzi ezihileleke ekubaleni inani labantu — kungaba izisebenzi zikahulumeni, izisebenzi ezisebenza ndawonye, noma ama-professor angezesikhashana — kufanele zithole ukuqeqeshwa ekusebenzeni nabantu abanezinkokhelo ze-LEP. Izihloko zokuqeqesha kufanele zihlanganise: indlela yokuthola izinkonzo zabatoliki, indlela yokuhlukanisa ulimi ongalukhulumi (ngokusebenzisa “amakhadi” noma amaphepha okuchaza ulimi), ukuthobeka kwezesiko, kanye namasu okwakha. I-Cencasureaues Bureauniau inikeza Paracers Hub[FLT]] imishini yokuqeqesha, kodwa izinhlangano zendawo kufanele zifake lomkhuba osekelwe kulokhu kulandisa.

Ikhono eliyinhloko: ukusebenzisa “ulimi” — izisebenzi kumele zazi ukuthi zingaqala kanjani ucingo oluthatha amaza amathathu ngomhumushi. Indima-lo dlala phakathi nokuqeqeshwa. Futhi izisebenzi zesitimela ukuze zigweme ukwenza izibalo: ungathathi othile obheka indlela ethile ekhuluma ngayo ulimi oluthile, futhi ungathathi umuntu we-ELP engakwazi ukufunda isiNgisi nhlobo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi zibuze, “Uluthanda kangakanani lolu lwazi olubalulekile?”

Yiba Nenhlonipho Nesineke

Ukusebenza kuzo zonke izilimi namasiko kudinga ukubekezela, ukuxoxa ngenhlonipho. Qaphela ukuthi abanye abantu aba-LEP kungenzeka baye baba nokuhlangenwe nakho okubi nezikhulu zikahulumeni emazweni asekhaya. Yakha ukuthemba ngokulalela, ukukhuluma, nokusebenzisa iziqu ezihloniphekile. Ungalokothi ujahe noma ukhulume nothile. Uma umhumushi esetshenziswa, bhekisa imibuzo kumuntu (hhayi umhumushi) futhi unikeze isikhathi esengeziwe sokuxoxa. Futhi cabangela ukuthi amanye amasiko angase abe nezindinganiso ezihlukene ekusithekeni noma ekuhlanganyeleni ukwaziswa — ungakhanyiswa ngokuthi kungani umbuzo ngamunye ubuzwa.

I-Census Bureau inikeza abadwebi be-councial abaphethe ngetshe elibonisa i-stard yolimi. Abaqondisi banganika isibhebhe kumuntu ophendulayo, ompompa ulimi lwabo, bese umshini uveza iziyalezo ngalolo limi. Lokhu kunciphisa ukukhungatheka futhi kusheshisa inqubo. Uma usebenzisa amafomu ephepha, cabangela indlela efanayo ngekhadi lolimi olunemicu.

Ukukhuthaza Ukuhlanganyela Emiphakathini Ekude

Ukufinyelela Izilimi Zomdabu Ngomuntu Siqu

Imiyalezo yenhlobo ngesiNgisi ayidibene nenani labantu. Ukuthola iposi eliqondile ngolimi oluthandwa yikhaya, ukuhlohla izingcingo ezivela kumavolontiya anezilimi ezimbili, noma imiyalezo exhunywe kuyi-website ngolimi olulungile — kungathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokusabela. Phakathi no-2020 Censues, “Ulwimi Lwesigebengu Ikhadi lokuhlukanisa” luvumela ama-demone ukuba athole ulimi lwasekhaya bese anikeza amavoloshane ahunyushwe uma kudingeka. Izibalo eziphelele zezincwadi zendawo zingakha imithombo yezindlu ezicela izinto zolimi olungayisisiNgisi futhi zilandele ngokuqhubekayo.

Izenzakalo Zomphakathi Nezikhungo Zosizo Zombuzo

Izehlakalo zokubalwa kwabantu ezindlini ezithenjwayo — njengezindawo zomphakathi, izikhungo zokukhulekela, izikole, nemithola-mpilo — kwenza ukuba kutholakale ukuthi lezi zenzakalo zinikeze ukuchazwa kwe-operate, ama-computer noma amaphilisi angena nge-intanethi, nezisebenzi ezikhuluma izilimi ezimbili noma izisebenzi zokuzithandela ukuqondisa abantu ngaleli qembu. Emadolobheni amaningi, “Census Fairs” uhlanganise ukudla, umculo, kanye neziteji zempilo ezikhululekile eziphethe ukuqeda ukubala, kwakha umoya ojabulisayo owakhanga imikhaya. Emiphakathini ye-LeP, kubalulekile ukuba okungenani ilungu elilodwa lezisebenzi ezisebenza kulo ngqungquthela likhulume ulimi lomphakathi noma lixhumane nomchazi wocingo.

I-Census Bureau isebenzisa futhi i- Quessier Accounts Centers (QACs) ezindaweni eziswele kakhulu. Ohulumeni bendawo banganezela kulokhu ngokumisa ama-QAC ahamba ngemoto — amaveni ahlotshiswe amaphilisi namachashaza ashisayo nezisebenzi ze-Internet ezisebenzisa izimpawu ze-internet — okuya ezindlini zeziteshi, ezindaweni zekilasi le-ESL, kanye nasezikhungweni ezingaphezulu. Kuyi-202020 Censureation, i-Harris County (Houston) ebekwe e-QACCC igxile ezindaweni ezinezilinganiso ze-LPEP, okuphumela ekwandeni ekwandizeni elizingenisiwe.

Imizamo Yokuya Emnyango Ngezibani ezisebenzisayo

Umsebenzi we-Nonresponse Follonup (NRFU) — lapho abadwebi behambela imikhaya engakasabeli — uyithuba elibucayi lokufinyelela izakhamuzi ze-LEP. I-Censual Bureau izama ukwabela abadwebi abakhuluma izilimi ezimbili ezindaweni ezinezilinganiso eziphezulu zolimi oluthile. Nokho, ohulumeni bendawo bangasiza ngokufaka futhi baqeqeshe ababhali abanezinombolo ze-international ngaphambi kokuba i-NRFU iqale ukusebenza. Banikeza inkokhelo yokuncintisana, amahora aguquguqukayo, nendawo esekela amasiko ukuze bakhange abafaki bezicelo abahlukahlukene. Kunyaka ka-2020202020Cencas, amanye amadolobha ayehamba “ngobaqali bamakamu okuvula izinhlelo zokuvula izifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezifunda zezindawo, belungiselela ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe kokulawula imingcele yolimi ngaphandle kokuthembela ekuchazeli ndlu yasekhaya.

Izithunywa Ezikhohliswayo Ezithenjwayo

Ekugcineni, izwi eliphumelela kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umphakathi we-LEP umuntu abamethembayo kakade: umfundisi, umholi womphakathi, umnakekeli wezempilo, uthisha, noma umakhelwane. Faka lezi zithunywa imibhalo elula nezinto zokwakha ngolimi lomphakathi. Zikhuthaze ukuba zihlanganyele okuhlangenwe nakho kwazo siqu ekuqedeni ukubala. Uma umholi ohlonishwayo ethi, “ngiyigcwalisile, futhi iphephile futhi ilula,” ukuthi isigijimi sinesisindo esikhulu kunanoma yimuphi uhulumeni. Ukunikeza labaholi abaphethe amabhaji noma izincwadi zemvume ukuze bakhululeke ngokucacile ukuthi ukuhileleka kwabo kuvunyelwe yi-Bensuauniaunia.

Isiphetho: Indlela Eholela Ekuthandeni Ngokugcwele

Ukunqoba imingcele yolimi ekuthatheni igalelo akuwona umzamo owodwa owenziwa ngesikhathi esisodwa — udinga isibopho esiqhubekayo, ubuhlobo, nokuhlakanipha. Kodwa ukuphumelela kukhulu: ukwaziswa okunembe ngokwengeziwe, ukwabiwa kwempahla engcono, ukubekwa kwempahla, ukubekwa kwekhono okuqinile, nokuthenjwa kakhulu phakathi kukahulumeni nemiphakathi esebenzayo. Wonke umphakathi unamathuluzi okwenza ukuba ukuba ukuba ukuba abantu bonke batholakale, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulimi luyini. Ngokufaka imali ezintweni ezibhalwe ngezilimi eziningi, ukwakha ubuhlobo nezinhlangano ezithenjwayo, izisebenzi eziqeqeshayo, futhi ngokuqondene nokungavumelani ngokwesiko, singaqinisekisa ukuthi wonke umuntu ungaba nokubaluleka — ngolimi ngalunye.

Ohulumeni bendawo, izinhlangano zomphakathi, nabasekeli kufanele baqale ukuhlela manje umjikelezo olandelayo wokubala abantu. Sebenzisa i-Census Bureau ye-, i-P.gov porral yokuthola ukuvunyelwa kolwimi, kanye ne- Count Committee Officet [ ukwakha icebo eligcweleyo. Uma ulimi lungasenasivimbeli, ukubalwa kwabantu kusebenza njengethuluzi elibalulekile lokuqonda imiphakathi yethu nemithombo yemali ngokuphumelelayo — ithuluzi elisebenzela wonke umuntu.