Ukuqonda Indima Yomthetho Eyisisekelo Ekuphoqeleleni Kwempilo Yengqondo

Sekuyisikhathi eside izinhlangano zezemthetho eziqapha umthetho zingabantu bokuqala abasabela ezimweni eziphuthumayo zengqondo kulo lonke elase-United States. Njengoba imiphakathi izama ukuhlangana nempilo ephephile yomphakathi neyokuziphatha, lezi zikhungo zicelwa ukuba zandise imisebenzi yazo yokugcinwa komthetho engokwesiko izenze izindima ezibanzi zokungenela inhlekelele. Lokhu okukhunjulwayo kuhlanganisa isiqinisekiso sokuphepha esisheshayo, ukuzwelana, nokungafinyelelwa kokufinyelela ezifweni ezifanele zempilo yomphakathi. Ukuphumelela kwalemizamo kuxhomeke ekuqeqesheni okuqinile, ukubambisana kweminyathela, kanye nokunika ingcebo izinto ezihlela imiphumela yempilo ezindinganisweni ze-pathric. Ngokwendlela ye-National Alliance on Mentalth Ing (NAMI), , cishe umuntu oyedwa kubantu abadala abamahlanu abanezimo zengqondo, futhi abasebenza ngomthetho ubhekana nokwandayo [FFLAN], [M], [201],[23], ngokwezindla yeminye yemiyamu yomthetho ewuhluzo yomphakathi, iziyalezo eziqondile, izikhulu, izimo zemithetho,

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Yomthetho KaHulumeni Yokuphoqelelwa Kwezimo

Izinhlelo Zokuqeqesha Ukungenela Inkinga (CIT)

Isibopho esiyisisekelo esikhulu siwukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo ze-Louth Cusse Intervention (CIT). Ukuvela eMemphis, eTennessee, ngo-1988, iModel of Cit iyinhlangano yomphakathi ehloselwe ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yokusebenzelana kwamaphoyisa nabantu ababhekene nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni ziye zamukela futhi zalungisa lendlela, zinikeza abaphathi bezifundo ezikhethekile zeminyaka engu-40 ezihlanganisa izinkinga zempilo, amasu okulalela, kanye nokulungisa angokomthetho. Abaphathi be-CIT bahlonyiselwe kangcono ukuqaphela izimpawu zokugula okungathi sína kwengqondo, ukusebenzisa izinto eziphazamisayo, nokukhubazeka. Bafunda ukusebenzisa ukuxhumana ngamazwi nangemisebenzi ukuze banciphise ukucindezeleka, bathumele futhi bagweme ukuboshwa ngokungadingekile. Amazwe amaningi aqeqeshe izinhlelo ze-CIT, futhi athole impumelelo engeziwe ngezindlela zokuzinkonzo zempilo, futhi asebenzise izinkonzo zezentethane, futhi andisa izinkonzo zezentethane, izinkonzo zengqondo, izinkonzo zezentethe, izinkonzo zengqondo, ezingcono, eziwusizo, eziwusizo, futhi zisho

Ukusebenzelana Nochwepheshe Bempilo Yengqondo

Izinhlangano eziqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho kahulumeni azinakukwazi ukusingatha izinkinga zempilo yengqondo ngokuphumelelayo ngokuzihlukanisa. Umthwalo wemfanelo oyinhloko ukuhlanganisa nokugcina ubuhlobo obusemthethweni nezikhungo zempilo yengqondo yomphakathi, izibhedlela, izikhungo zokwehla kwezimo ezibucayi, namaqembu ahamba ngezikhathi ezibucayi.

  • Izilinganiso ezibonisa izibalo: izikhulu zamaphoyisa zihlangene nabasebenza ngezifo zengqondo abagunyaziwe ukusabela ndawonye ezingcingweni zenkinga. Udokotela unikeza ukuhlolwa kwamachashaza, ukuhlaziywa, nokuxhumanisa ezinkonzweni, kuyilapho isikhulu siqinisekisa ukuphepha futhi sisingatha noma yiziphi izimpikiswano ezingokomthetho noma eziphephile.
  • [ Izinhlelo zokuxhumana ezivalwe: Ochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo babekwe ezikhungweni zokuthumela izincwadi zomthetho noma iziteshi zesigodi ukuze banikeze izikhulu izingxoxo zangempela zesikhathi sezokuxhumana emasimini.
  • Iposi-crissis lilandela amaqembu alandelanayo: Ilungu lezezimali nabaphathi becala abathintana nabantu ngemva kokuhlangana ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi bayabalandela ngempatho, banciphisa abangathintwa abaphindaphindiwe, futhi banikeze ukusekela okuqhubekayo.

Lokhu kubambisana kudinga izivumelwano zokwaziswa, ukuqeqeshana, nemithetho ecacile yokulungisa izingcingo nokulungisa. Uma kwenziwa kahle, ukubambisana kunciphisa umthwalo eminyangweni ephuthumayo, kuphambukisa abantu abasemajele, futhi kuthuthukisa imiphumela yempilo emide. I-Substance Abuse and Mental Service Service Administration (SA) isekela ukusondelana okunjalo okubalulekile njengezakhi zenhlekelele enkulu [SAMHSA, 2020].

Izinto Zokuhamba Nezindawo Eziphephile

Uma isikhulu sesilungise isimo esibucayi, umthwalo olandelayo ukuqinisekisa isakhiwo esiphephile nesifanelekile. Izifunda eziningi zinemithetho evumela noma edinga ukugcinwa komthetho ukuba ifake umuntu egumbini lokunakekela ingqondo ephuthumayo, ngaphansi kwesilinganiso somthetho ofana nengozi kwabanye noma ukukhubazeka. Abaphathi-mikhosi kumelwe basebenzise izilinganiso eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingokomthetho, bahlole ezinye izinto ezivimbelayo, futhi bakhethe izinkonzo ezifanele zokwamukela indawo edingayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amagumbi adinga ukugodla okugodla okunikeza isikhashana, ukunakekelwa kokuzithandela; iminyango yezehlakaniselo ephuthumayo; noma imishini ekhethekile ephuthumayo ethola izikhungosini ezikhona noma izakhiwo zokuzimo ekhubazekayo. Izikhulu zibheke phambili ekulindeni izikhathi eziphuthumayo nezokuthutha izinkonzo eziphuthumayo. Ukuvala izingozi ezimweni eziphuthumayo.

Ukungenela Kwenhlangano Nemfundo

Izivumelwano zomphakathi ezisebenzayo ziwumthwalo okhulayo wezinhlangano eziqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho ezinhlanganweni zezempilo yengqondo. Abaphathi nabaphathi bezezimali bahlanganyela ezinkonzweni zomphakathi, ezikoleni, ezinkonzweni zokholo, nasemihlanganweni yomphakathi ukuxoxa ngokufunda ngengqondo, ukunciphisa ihlazo, nokwazisa izakhamuzi ngemithombo ekhona. Izinhlangano eziningi ezibhekene nezinhlekelele zokungenela kwezenhlalakahle yomphakathi, zifundisa izinkonzo zempilo yokuqala, futhi zisakaza ukwaziswa okusheshayo okusezinkingeni (umz. 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline).

  • Izisebenzi zokuqeqesha ukuqaphela iPTSD nezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo ezihlobene nenkonzo, kanye nokuxhuma omakad ’ ebona ngezinkonzo ze-VA.
  • Impendulo yenkinga yobuntwana: Izinhlelo ezihloselwe ukuvimbela izinhlekelele ezisekelwe esikoleni nokufundisa abafundi ukuthi bangalufuna kanjani usizo.
  • [ Ukufinyelela okungenamakhaya: Amaqembu akhangisayo ahlanganisa abantu abahlala ngaphandle abanezidingo zengqondo, abanikeze ukusekela okusheshayo kanye nokuhamba ngemikhumbi.

Ngokukha ukwethembana nokuqaphela, ukugcinwa komthetho kunganciphisa amathuba okukhungatheka kwezinhlekelele futhi kukhuthaze ukungenela kwangaphambili.Izinhlangano zikahulumeni ngokuvamile zihola lemizamo ngamaqoqo azinikele ezinhlangano zomphakathi noma ngezenzo ezihlanganisa iziqu zempilo zengqondo eziqinile ezisezindaweni zokugada ezikhona.

Ukuthuthukiswa Kwezimiso Zokusebenza Nokusetshenziswa Kwazo

Izinhlangano eziqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho kahulumeni zinomthwalo wemfanelo wokwakha nokumisa izimiso zomnyango ezimisa kuqala ukucatshangelwa kwempilo yengqondo ngaphambi kwezinkinga zengqondo, phakathi nazo nangemva kwazo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa:

  • Ukusetshenziswa kwezimiso zokuphoqelela: Ukuhlobanisa isimo sempilo yengqondo njengesici esibangela amathemba okungalawuleki nokunqanda amasu athile okuvimbela (umz., izithiyo ezithambekele) ezibangela ingozi enkulu kubantu abagula ngengqondo noma abasebenzisa iziphazamiso.
  • Ukukhetha ukungenela: Ukuveza uma izikhulu kufanele zidlulise ukwenqaba komuntu izinkonzo noma ukuthembisana ngokuzithandela lapho kufaneleka, ukuhlonipha ukuzibusa kwesineke kuyilapho kuqinisekisa ukuphepha.
  • [ Ukuqoqwa kwe-data nokubika: Ihlanganisa uxwebhu lwezingcingo ezihlobene nempilo yengqondo, imiphumela, nokusetshenziswa kwezenzakalo zamandla ukuze kulandele izilinganiso, kuphawule amagebe okuqeqesha, kanye nezinguquko zenqubo yokwazisa.
  • Ukuthatheka nokuphambuka: ukwamukela izimiso zangaphambi kokuqala zokuvimbela ukugula kwengqondo ezisusa abantu abagulayo esimisweni sokwahlulela kobugebengu futhi belashwe, esikhundleni sokubafaka ejele ngenxa yamacala aphansi.

Lezimiso kumelwe zibukezwe njalo ngokucabangela ukucwaninga okusha, umthetho ovumelana nezomthetho (njengo- Olmstead v. L.C. izinqumo ezihlobene nokuhlanganiswa komphakathi), kanye nokukhishwa kweziphathi zomphakathi. Imithetho kaHulumeni ivame ukwenza izinguquko zenqubo yendawo, ifuna izinhlangano zokuhlanganisa nezindinganiso zikahulumeni noma izingozi zokulahlekelwa izimali. I-Council of State Leaugement Justice Center inikeza izimiso zesibonelo nensizakhono zokusiza izinhlangano ukuba zithuthukise imigaqo esekelwe ekwakhelisweni [CGCGCM, 2022]).

Izinselele Namathuba Okungenela Ezinkingeni

Ukulinganiselwa Kwemithombo Yemali Nezingqinamba Zezimali

Naphezu kokubaluleka okuqashelwayo kwendima yokugcinwa komthetho, izinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni zibhekene nesithiyo esinzima semithombo yezimali. Izinhlelo ze-CIT zidinga izindleko eziqhubekayo, izindleko ezithatha isikhathi esengeziwe zezikhulu eziya ezifundweni ezingamahora angu-40, nezindleko zabafundisi abaqeqeshi nabaqeshi abasebenza nabo. Amaqembu asebenza ezindaweni ezihlukene adinga izisebenzi ezengeziwe, kuhlanganise nezisebenzi ezigunyaziwe ezikhokhelwayo ezivame ukudlula izikhulu zezezo zezezobuchwepheshe. Izinhlangano eziningi futhi azinazo izakhiwo zobuchwepheshe zokuhlola izinhlekelele zangempela, futhi zingenazo izinhlangano zezokuxhumana nezokuxhumana nezempilo, futhi zithinteka kakhulu izinhlangano ezincane nasemaphandleni, njengoba zingaba nezikhulu ezimbalwa zokukhokha izinkonzo zeze zezempilo ezilinganiselwe. Kodwa i-Miccid Provincesments, i-Micsmentidentine, i-od yeminyango yezentengiselwa kakhulu, kodwa i-od yemiselwa yeminyango yezentengo yezentengo yezentengo yezo yezo ye-Expopopo

Ukudla Okuqinile Nezimbali Eziphelele

Ihlazo elijulile ngokugula ngengqondo liyaqhubeka phakathi kwezemfundo yomthetho nomphakathi obanzi. Abaphathi bangase babheke abantu abasosizini njengeyingozi, abangenakubonwa, noma abanecala ngesimo sabo, okuholela ezindleleni zokulwa kunokungenela kwezempilo. Ubandlululo olugcwele olusekelwe ohlazweni, ebuhlotsheni, ebuhlotsheni bezenhlalo, nasekukhubazekeni kwezomnotho, nokukhubazeka okuqhubekayo, nobufakazi obubonisa ukuthi abantu abamnyama nabansundu ababhekene nezinkinga zempilo empilweni engokwengqondo basengozini kakhulu yokuboshwa noma bangaphansi kwempoqo kuneze-Whitest. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni kumelwe zifake ukuqeqeshwa okumelene nohlobo lwezimo zezehlakalo, ukuncintisana nokuncintisana kwezelelwa kwezinkinga zabo zezehlakalo. Ukuhlelwa kwezengqondo kungasiza ukuncitshiswa kwezehlakalo olusobala ngokuxoxa ngempilo enkabeni, ukunikela izinhlelo zezikhulu zezempatho, nokuqaphela izikhulu ze-CIT njengezisebenzi eziphambili zezempilweni zezempi yabaphathi zezempi yabe yezempi ngokomthetho, futhi zisekela futhi zisekela ezingokwezelelwa kakhulu phakathi kwezelelwa

Izidingo Zokuqeqesha Eziqhubekayo Nesiqinisekiso Esiqhubekayo

UKUQONDA, nakuba kuphumelela, akusona ikhambi elilodwa. Abaphathi bamazwe badinga izifundo eziqabulayo ezivamile ukuze bahlale besebenzisa imithi emisha, ukuvela kwezinkinga zempilo yengqondo (umzz., ukuhlinzwa kwemisebe, ukuhlinzwa kwemisebe ye-autism), izinguquko zemithetho kahulumeni, kanye nentuthuko ekuthatheni izinhlelo zobuphicine. Abaholi bezinhlangano zikahulumeni bavame ukulwa kanzima ukuze balinganisele izimfuno zokuqeqeshwa ngezisebenzi ezihambayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhulu eziningi ezathola ukuqeqeshwa kwe-CIT eminyakeni eminingi edlule azizange zilondoloze i-crectives; ezinye izinhlangano zibika iqhezu elincane labaphathi abagadiwe abaqali abaqali abaqashe izakhiwo ezisemgangathweni ezisezingenisweni, ngokusebenzisa imiklani ehleliwe ephakathi kwemiklani eqeke kakhulu. Izikhulu ezithile zamaphoyisa zithule izikhulu zeze i-CIT ezisekwe kunezi ezisemfazwe zonke izinqubo ezisemuva zeze izikhulu zemigwaqo.

Ezinye Izifanekiso Zokusabela Nezibukeli

Ukugqunywa kwabantu abaningi abaphethwe isifo sengqondo kuye kwaholela ekubeni kuqhubeke ukuthunyelwa kwezisebenzi ezisebenza ngezifo zengqondo ezibhekene nenhlekelele ezingahileli ukugcinwa komthetho okuhlangene. Izinhlelo ezinjenge CAHOOTS e-Oregon, i-STAR van eDenver, kanye namaqoqo amoshaywayo amaqembu athumela iziphendu zempi empi empompolishi empompoza imfuzazwe eziningi. Ngokuvamile amaqembu empi yezempilo nezontanga asebenza ngesimilo sobudokotela ("ukushaya izingcingo zempi). Izinhlangano zikahulumeni eziqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwemithetho yengozi engcono, izikhali ezikhubazekayo, ngokuvamile ezihlangene nala izikhali ezisemkhankanyeni. Ezinye izimende zamazwe ziye zamisa imithetho lapho kuthunyelwa izingcingo ezifanele: amaqembu amaphoyisa amaqembu avamile angenazo zosongo noma asongelo oluseduze, amaqembu amaqembu omthetho abhekeneze abhekene ngokulinganisela, futhi anciphisa izikhali, noma anciphisa izikhali ezikhuthuthwano, noma amaqembu anciphisa izikhali.

Ukuhlola Icala Nezibonelo ZoMbuso

ETexas: Ukwanda Kwe - CAT EMHLABENI Wonke

I-Texas Commission on Law Inforcement (TCOLE) ifuna ukuba zonke izikhulu zokuthula ziqede amahora angaphansi kwangu-40 eCIT njengengxenye yezifundo eziyisisekelo zesikhulu sokuthula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimali zikahulumeni zasendaweni ye-CIT academime kunye nezikole eziphambili zothisha. Umthetho waseTexas unikeza futhi iziqondiso zokuba izinhlangano zomthetho zisebenzise isimiso sokusebenza ngokusebenzelana nabantu abagula ngengqondo. Umphumela uye waba ukwehla okukhulu ekuboshweni kwabantu abanesifo sengqondo abahlanganyela ezikhungweni, kanye namanye amadolobha abika amazinga okukhuthulula amajele angaphezu kuka-60% ezisebenzi ezithene. I-CIT i-Texas inikeza isibonelo sendlela i-Cixalcom ezifuna ngayo ukuqeqeshwa okufanayo lapho izinhlangano zendawo lapho zivumela ukusebenza.

IWashington State: ICo-Responder neqembu lesifo seMobile

Isimiso sikahulumeni esiphakanyiswe u- “Co-Responder” sibeka ochwepheshe bengqondo eduze kwamaphoyisa ezindaweni eziphezulu zovolo. Umbuso futhi uye wasebenzisa kakhulu amaqembu asabela ngengozi ehambayo angathunyelwa ngezinkonzo zezokwelapha eziphuthumayo noma ukugcinwa komthetho ukuze anikeze izinhlelo ze-scene igamillation ngaphandle kokuba khona kwamaphoyisa. Ama-988 Suciecie & Lamp; ulwembu lwezentengiselwano lwengqondo lusondelene eduze nalalamaqoqo asebenza ngokushelela kakhulu, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imishini eshayela ebucayi ingathunyelwa eqenjini elifanele. Imininingwane evela kuhulumeni ibonisa ukuthi izinhlelo ze-coresmie expressionsss zincil ezinciphisa isibhedlela kanye nokuhambela komnyango, ngenani eliphakeme elibikwe yizibo kokubili ezinkingeni nasezikhululweni.

EVirginia: Izikole Zokungenela Izinkinga

I-Virginia’s Department of Criminal Justice Services ifeza uhlelo lwezwe lonke oluhlanganisa hhayi ukugcinwa komthetho kuphela kodwa futhi nabathumeli, izikhulu, nabasebenza ngezifo zengqondo. Isifundazwe sinikeza ukuqeqeshwa kokunakekelwa okukhubazekayo, ukuphazamiseka kwemisebe ye-autism, kanye nezimpikiswano ezingokolwazi olukahulumeni. IVirginia isebenzisa futhi ithuluzi “le-CTIT” lokuhlola ukufaneleka komthetho kanye nokwethembeka kohlelo. Ngezimali ezinikezelweyo, inani lezinhlangano zeCIT-cracled liye lakhula kusukela kwabambalwa kuya kwabangaphezu kuka-50, kanti isikhulu se-CIT cishe ama-crices angu-8 000 manje kunqamle umbuso. Lomsebenzi wesimende ubonisa indlela ukusekela kwemisebenzi engcono kakhulu ezindaweni zasedolobheni, emaphethe amadolobha, nasemaphandleni asemaphandleni asemaphandleni asemaphandleni asemaphandleni asemaphandleni asemaphandleni.

Isiphetho

Izinhlangano ezinakekela ukugcinwa komthetho zisendaweni ebaluleke kakhulu ekusabeleni kwezengqondo. Imithwalo yazo yemfanelo iye yavela ngaphandle kokuboshwa noma ukuthuthwa, ihlanganisa izindima eziguqulayo ezidinga ukubambisana okujulile, ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile, nokuthuthukiswa kwezimiso eziqhubekayo. Uma izinhlangano zithatha izinhlelo ze-CIT, ukubambisana komphakathi, ukuphumelela, nokusebenza kwenqubo ye-data, kuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwabaphathi bempi kanye nomphakathi kuyilapho zichezukisa abantu abasengozini yokuncishwa ekululameni. Kodwa izinselele zokusekela imali, ukuqeqesha impatho, ukusekelana kwezimiso eziqinile, nokuhlanganisa ukuhleleka kwemizwana kwemithetho kuhlala kusemzandleni phambili. Indlela ethembisayo inye lapho ukugcinwa komthetho kungasebenzi okunye okusebenza ngendlela engcono kodwa njengomsizi ohlangene phakathi kwenkinga yempilo engokokusekelayo, ukusekela kwezinkinga zezentengosizwayo, izinhlangano zezisebenzi ezisebuthweni ezimbonini ezisemgangayo, namalungu ezisemphakathini ezisemzandleni ezisemzandleni eziqinile, nezinkonzo eziqinile, nezinkonzo ezihambisanayo