Ukugcinwa komthetho kusebenza njengesisekelo sokuphepha komphakathi, kusebenza ngokusekela umthetho kuyilapho kuvikela ukuphila nempahla yezakhamuzi. Nokho ukuphumelela kwanoma yimuphi umnyango wamaphoyisa noma ihhovisi lomphathi wamaphoyisa akunqunywa kuphela ukunikezelwa kwabaphathi bawo. Kubunjwa ngokufanayo yizimiso nezimiso eziqondisa zonke izenzo zezenqubo − ukuyeka ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuhamba ngenkani. Ukuqonda indlela lemithetho ehlangene ngayo nomthetho wansuku zonke kugxeka ngayo abafundisi bomthetho, abafundi, nochwepheshe abafuna ukuthuthukisa imiphumela nokwakha kabusha ukwethemba phakathi komthetho kanye nemiphakathi abakhonza kuyo.

Indima Yokuphoqelelwa Komthetho Emphakathini Wanamuhla

Inhloso yokugcinwa komthetho ngaso sonke isikhathi ibiwukuphoqelela imithetho, ukuvimbela ubugebengu, nokugcina ukuhleleka. Nokho, emphakathini wanamuhla oyinkimbinkimbi, lowo msebenzi udlulela ngalé nje “kokuqamba izigebengu.” Amaphoyisa aqaphe izindawo hhayi nje ukuvimbela ubugebengu kodwa futhi ukwakha ubuhlobo nezakhamuzi, ukusabela ezinkingeni zempilo, ukuphoqelela ukuphepha kwezimoto, nokubambisana nezinkonzo zomphakathi. Imisebenzi yezinhlangano zomthetho manje ihlanganisa:

  • Abagada abasebenza ngokuzikhandla nokuvimbela ubugebengu ngokubonana kwamaphoyisa asebenza ngobuhlakani.
  • Ukucwaninga okuphelele kobugebengu, kuhlanganise nokuqoqwa kobufakazi, izingxoxo nokuhlaziya okuwubufakazi.
  • Ukusabela okuphuthumayo ezingozini, ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo, ezingozini zasekhaya, nasezinsongweni ezinamandla.
  • Ukuthembisana komphakathi ngamahholo amadolobha, izimiso zesikole, amaqembu asendaweni ezungezile, nokufika kwempucuko.
  • Ukubhekisela kubantu ezimisweni zokwelapha ezingokwengqondo nezidakamizwa uma kufaneleka.

Lemithwalo yemfanelo enwetshiwe ifuna ukuba izikhulu zingagcini nje ngobuchwepheshe kodwa zibe namakhono anamandla okusebenza kodwa futhi ziqonde ngokujulile abantu abahlukahlukene abakhonzayo. Njenge-Internationaly Association of Shills of Police igcizelela, amaphoyisa anamuhla adinga ukulinganisela phakathi kokuqiniswa nokusetshenziswa kwenkonzo qha nokulinganisela okuthonywa kakhulu yizinhlangano zemithetho elandelwayo.

Imikhuba Yokuziphatha Ethonya Imikhuba Ephoqelelwayo

Inhlangano ngayinye eqapha umthetho isebenza phakathi kwezimiso ezibhaliwe, izinqubo, kanye nemithetho esemthethweni. Lezizimiso zichaza ukuziphatha okwamukelekayo, zimisa imingcele ngokuqondisisa, futhi zinikeze imephu yendlela yezikhulu emkhakheni. Ngaphandle kwezimiso ezicacile, ukungaguquguquki nokungaguquguquki kungaholela emiphumeleni engahlolwanga, kuhlanganise nokuphucwa okukhulu, ukuncishwa kwamalungelo abantu, kanye nokuncishiswa kwemithetho yomphakathi. Izimiso eziyinhloko ezinethonya elikhulu ngosuku kuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwegunya, inqubo yomphakathi, izindinganiso zokuqeqesha, nokuthatha icala.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezimiso Zokuziphatha Zamandla

Akukho simiso esicubungulayo kakhulu, noma ukusetshenziswa kwegunya. Lemithetho ihlela izimo lapho isikhulu singasebenzisa khona ukuphoqelela okungokomzimba, kusukela emiyalweni yamazwi nakumacebo angenalutho kuya kumandla alawula izikhali, izikhali ezilwayo, kanye namandla abulalayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezimiso zamandla kuhlanganisa izici eziningana ezifanayo:

  • Izincazelo ezicacile zezinga ngalinye lamandla, kuhlanganise nalapho ngalinye lifanelekile.
  • Ukugcizelela ukukhishwa kwemali njengesu eliyinhloko uma kuphephile futhi kungenzeka.
  • Ukubika okuvusa amadlingozi ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwamandla, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kulimala kanjani.
  • Izinqubo zokubukeza ezinamandla ngaphakathi nangaphandle zokubona amagebe okungahambi kahle noma okuqeqesha.
  • Ukusebenzisa izilinganiso zokuqhubekela phambili ezivumelana nezindinganiso zesizwe, njengalezo ezikhishwe yi-[FLT: 0] Proce Accouptive Accounting Forum.

Ukushintshela ekususeni inqubo esekelwe ekubuseni kwanda ngemva kobhadane lwe-COVOVAD-19 kanye nobhikisho lwama-2020 ngemva kokufa kukaGeorge Floyd. Iminyango eminingi manje ifuna izikhulu ukuba zingene lapho osebenza naye esebenzisa amandla adlulele futhi anikeze usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Nokho, isimiso sodwa asinele. Ngisho nokusetshenziswa kweziqondiso ezibhalwe kahle kakhulu kushiyekile uma izikhulu zingaqeqeshelwanga ukuzisebenzisa ezimweni eziphezulu futhi zingenawo umkhakha wokuziphendulela.

Izimiso Zomphakathi Ezikhuthazayo

Amaphoyisa omphakathi ayifilosofi futhi ayizindlela ezikhuthaza ukugcinwa komthetho nomphakathi ukuba baxazulule izinkinga. Ngokungafani namaphoyisa athatha izintambo, agxila ekusabeleni ekuceleni inkonzo, amaphoyisa omphakathi afuna ukuxazulula izimbangela eziyinhloko zobugebengu − njengobumpofu, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa, nokungabi nathuba ("ngaphambi kokuba zikhule. Izakhi eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

  • Izabelo ezishaya njalo zenza izikhulu zizazi izakhamuzi namabhizinisi endawo.
  • Izinkinga ezixazululwa izikole, inzuzo nezinhlangano ezisekelwe okholweni.
  • Izindawo zokuhlangana ezivamile lapho izakhamuzi zingakhuluma khona ziveze ukukhathazeka futhi zinikeze impendulo.
  • Izinhlelo zentsha ezithembisana njengezinhlangano zamaphoyisa ezigijimayo nezihlongozo zokuqalisa.
  • Ukusetshenziswa kokwaziswa ukuze kubonwe amachashaza ashisayo obugebengu nomklamo kwakuhloselwe amasu okuvimbela.

I-Office of Community Policision Services (iHofisi ye-COMENT) inikeza iziphako nokuqeqeshwa ukuze kusizwe izinhlangano ezithatha inqubo yomphakathi. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi iminyango ehlangene nomphakathi ithola amazinga aphakeme, izikhalo zezakhamuzi eziphansi, nokubambisana okukhulu komphakathi ekuhloleni. Kodwa ukusebenzisa lamasu amasiko kudinga ukususwa kwesibonelo sezempi sokusebenza kusuka kusuka kuleyo egunyaza ukuvela phezulu nokubambisana.

Ukuqeqeshwa Nokuthuthuka Kwezobuchwepheshe

Ukuqeqesha yibhuloho eliguqula isimiso sibe umsebenzi. Ngaphandle kokufundisa okwanele nokuqhubekayo, ngisho nezimiso ezicatshangelwe kakhulu zisekhona ephepheni. Ukuqeqesha ukugcinwa komthetho namuhla kumelwe kuhlanganise okungaphezu kakhulu kwamaqhinga ezibhamu nokuzivikela. Izifundo zanamuhla zihlanganisa:

  • Ukungenela okunzima kokuqeqeshwa kokusabela kubantu abagula ngengqondo.
  • Ukuqeqesha ubulungisa bemvelo okugcizelela inhlonipho, ukungathathi hlangothi nezwi lapho kuhlangene.
  • Ukuqaphela ngokuphelele ubandlululo namasu okunciphisa ukuhluka kwezinhlanga ekunqandeni nasekuboshweni.
  • Ukuqeqeshwa okusekelwe esimweni okulingisa izinkinga zangempela zezwe, okudinga ukwenza izinqumo ngaphansi kokucindezeleka.
  • Ukuthuthuka komholi ukuze abonise ukuziphatha okuhle futhi abeke abangaphansi kwakhe icala.

Amanxusa amaningi manje adinga amahora aminyaka yonke asebenza kulezihloko, kodwa iziphakamiso zemali nokusetshenziswa kwemali kuvame ukulinganisela ukujula kokuqeqeshwa. Izinhlangano zesizwe ezinjenge- Ukuhlelwa kwe-Acccreation for Law Inforcement Activestion (CALIA) ibeke izindinganiso zokuzithandela ezihlanganisa izimfuneko zokuqeqesha, kodwa ukuvumelana kuhlala kungenamfashini. Iminyango yesigaba esiphezulu ifaka izimali ezingeni eliphezulu [[FLT] Fidelisms, ama-astruneasts akanye nokuqeqeshwa okunikezelwe okugcizelela intuthuko eqhubekayo.

Ukulandisa Nemishini Elawulayo

Ukwethenjwa komphakathi kuxhomeke enkolelweni yokuthi izinhlangano eziqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho zizolandisa amalungu azo lapho ukuziphatha okubi kwenzeka. Izimiso zokuziphendulela zihlanganisa ukungenela kwasekuqaleni okuthi izikhulu zefulege ezinezindlela zokukhononda, ukusebenzisa amandla, noma izindaba zezisebenzi. Amabhodi abaphathi be-cropultian, izinhlelo zekhamera, kanye nokuthatha iziqondiso ezibonisayo nakho kubalulekile. Ngaphandle kwalezi zinqubo, ngisho nezinguquko ezicatshangelwe kahle zingahluleka.

Ukuqondisa kwangaphandle, njengemithetho kahulumeni yokuvuma, kuye kwashukumisela iminyango eminingi ukuba ithathe izinyathelo zokulandisa ngemininingwane. Ngokwesibonelo, uMnyango wamaphoyisa eLos Angeles usebenzisa isimiso sokulawula izingozi esilawula ukuziphatha kwesikhulu futhi sigunyaze ukungenela lapho imikhawulo yezindawo yezehlakalo yezwe yeqile. Ngokufanayo, abahloli abazimeleyo bahlola ukusebenzisa izenzakalo zempi futhi banyathelise imibiko yaminyaka yonke efinyelelwa umphakathi.

Izinselele Ekusebenziseni Umthetho Ophoqelelwayo

Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezisobala zezimiso ezihlelwe kahle, ukutholwa nokugcinwa kwazo kubhekene nezithiyo ezinkulu.Ukuqonda lezi zinselele kubalulekile kunoma ubani ofunda noma osebenza emkhakheni wokwahlulela ngobugebengu.

Ukumelana Nokushintsha

Izimiso ezintsha ezilinganisela ukuqapha noma ezidinga izincwadi ezengeziwe zingahlanganwa nokungabaza noma ukuphikiswa okuqondile. Ukumelana nomthetho kuyabonakala ngezindlela eziningi:

  • Izikhulu ezikholelwa ukuthi lemithetho emisha “iwumthetho wobugebengu” noma azinamsebenzi emkhakheni.
  • Izinhlangano zesivumelwano ezilinganisela ijubane lesimiso lokushintsha noma ukuvikela izikhulu ezinyathelweni ezithile zokuyala.
  • Ukuntuleka kokuthenga okuvela kubaqondisi abaphambili okumelwe baqikelele ukuba kuqikelelwe.

Ushintsho oluphumelelayo lokulawula ludinga umholi ukuze alungise inqubo ngayinye, ahlanganise izikhulu enqubweni yokudweba, futhi anikeze ithuba elanele lokunikeza incazelo. Uma izikhulu ziqonda ukuthi isimiso siyazivikela zona ngokwazo (ngokunciphisa amacala, ukuvimbela ukuqulwa kwecala, kanye nokusekela komphakathi, ngokuvamile kuyancipha.)

Ukuvinjelwa Kwemithombo Yezinto

Impatho ibhizinisi elisebenzayo, kodwa izinhlangano eziningi zisebenza ngokuncishiswa kwemali nokuswelakala kwezidingo. Ukuvinjelwa kwemithombo yemali kuthinta ukumiswa kwezimiso ngezindlela eziningi:

  • Ukulinganiselwa kwemali esekelwayo ukuze kuqeqeshwe: Amakilasi ezifundo angase ancishiswe ukuze akhokhele isikhathi esengeziwe noma amathuluzi.
  • Ukuswelakala kwezisebenzi: Lapho iminyango ingasebenzi kakhulu, izikhulu ezibophanayo zomphakathi zibuyiselwa emuva ekuqapheni kwamandla, futhi ukukhishwa kwezikhali kungase kuthathe indawo yokusabela okusheshayo.
  • Ubuchwepheshe obungasasetshenziswa: Ukulandisa nge - Data à propersonalciation kudinga izimiso eziqinile zokulawula amakhono aqoshiwe namathuluzi okubulala amathuluzi amancane angenakuwathenga.

Imali enikezwayo neyanikezwa uhulumeni ingasiza, kodwa ukusekela okude kuseyinselele. Izinhlangano kumelwe zihlele izimiso eziletha ukuphepha okukhulu nokwethembana, ngisho nalapho imithombo yengcebo intuleka.

Ukuzicabangela Nokwethemba Umphakathi

Ngisho nezimiso ezingcono kakhulu ziyobonakala zingaphumeleli uma umphakathi ungawethembi amaphoyisa. Ukungalungi okungokomlando, amaphoyisa acwasayo, kanye nezenzakalo ezinkulu zokuziphatha okubi kuye kwaqeda ukuthembela ezigabeni eziningi. Ukungaphathi kuholela ekubikweni kwemithetho ephansi, ukumelana nokubambisana ekuhlolweni, nokugxekwa komphakathi okungaqeda amandla. Ukuthembana kudinga izenzo ezingaguquki, ezibonisayo eminyakeni eminingi.

Izinhlangano ezihlanganyela ekuhluleleni okusemthethweni () ukulalela izinkathazo zomphakathi, ukuchaza izinqumo, nokuphatha abantu ngesizotha, − zingalungisa kancane kancane ubudlelwane obuphukile. Umzimba .Umphakathi u-odorn, imihlangano yasikhathi sonke yomphakathi, kanye nokuzihlolela okuzimele konke kunengxenye ekubonakaleni. Kodwa ukuthemba i-procespectration kungumgwaqo ohamba ngendawo; imiphakathi kumelwe futhi iqaphele izingozi ezibhekene nazo kanye nokuzidela ekwenzayo.

Imikhuba Engcono Kakhulu Yokusetshenziswa Kwesimiso Sezomthetho Nokushintsha

Imikhuba engcono kakhulu elandelayo ingasiza izinhlangano ukuba zinqobe ibhizinisi futhi zishintshe izinguquko zibe imisebenzi yansuku zonke.

Umbambi Wezigebengu Ekuthuthukeni Kwesimiso

Izikhulu ezazenziwe ngokuhlukaniswa abaphathi zivame ukulahlekelwa uphawu. Ukuhlanganyela izigebengu eziningi ezigadayo, kuhlanganisa izikhulu zokugada, abameleli bomphakathi, izinhlangano zamalungelo abantu, nochwepheshe bezempilo yengqondo (ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho iyasebenza, ilungile, futhi iyamukeleka.)

  • Ukulalela okuphakeme ngoba izikhulu zinomuzwa wokuthi imithetho ingeyomuntu.
  • Izimiso ezishintshashintsha ngokwengeziwe ezibangela izimo zendawo.
  • Ukwethemba umphakathi okukhulu lapho izakhamuzi zibona lokho ezikushoyo.

Iminyango eminingi manje inikeza izinkulumo zomphakathi ngaphambi kokwamukela izinguquko ezinkulu zenqubo, futhi eminye imema amalungu omphakathi ukuba ahlale kumakomiti okubukeza ezinkambiso. Amaqembu e-American Civil Liberéries Union kanye nezimiso zobufundisi zendawo ngokuvamile abambisana ekusebenziseni amandla nezimiso zokubona.

Ukuqeqeshwa Okuqhubekayo Nokusekelwa

Ukuqeqesha kwesikhathi esisodwa akwanele. I-policies kumelwe iqiniswe njalo ngemibhobho esekelwe ezigcawini 76, izifundo eziqabulayo, kanye ne-668thejob eqondisayo. I-Provisions kufanele:

  • Ukuziqeqesha ngenqubo ukuze kubhalwe amagama nsuku zonke.
  • Sebenzisa i- “burst” ufunda izimo zokwakha , i-video egxiliswe noma izingxoxo, ukuze ugcine izihloko eziyinhloko ziphambili engqondweni.
  • Ziqeqeshe ngendlela yokulungisa izikhulu ezibonisa izindlela zokuphulwa kwezimiso, kunokuba zithembele kuphela ekulayweni.
  • Nikeza impilo engokwengqondo nokusekela okuhle ukuze unciphise ukucindezeleka okungaholela ekuyekethiseni kwenqubo.

Imithombo yezobuchwepheshe efaka imali esikweni lokufunda isingatha ukwephulwa kwezimiso njengamathuba okuthuthukisa, hhayi nje ukujezisa.

Ukuhlolwa Kwemininingwane Nokulandisa

What gets measured gets managed. Agencies must collect and analyze data on stops, searches, arrests, use of force, and complaints to identify disparities and track progress. Best practices include:

  • Ukwakha isimiso sokungenela sakudala esixwayisa abaphathi lapho umsebenzi wesikhulu uphambuka ezimisweni ezivamile.
  • Ukunyathelisa imibiko yemithombo yaminyaka yonke eveza ukukhanya okuhlukile.
  • Ukusebenzisa abahloli bezincwadi abazimele ukuze babukeze izenzakalo ezibucayi bese betusa umphakathi.
  • Ukuhlobanisa ukukhushulwa nokuhlolwa kwezimiso nokuvumelana nomphakathi.

Ubuchwepheshe, obunjengezigxathu zokusebenza ezizihambelayo kanye nezinga lokuhlinza okubikezelayo, bungasiza izinhlangano ukuba zibone izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zikhule. Nokho, ukwaziswa kukodwa akwanele; kumelwe kuhlanganiswe nesibopho sangempela sokuthatha isinyathelo kulokho okuye kwatholwa.

Ukuhola Ukuzinikela Nokushintsha Kwesiko

Okokugcina, ukusetshenziswa kwezimiso okuhlala njalo kudinga ukuhola kuzo zonke izinga ukuze kufunyaniswe ukuziphatha okufunekayo. Amakhosi nabaphathi-mfuno kumele balwele izinguquko, bazenzele icala, futhi bakhokhe izikhulu ezithatha izinhlelo ezintsha. Ushintsho lwempucuko aluzenzeki ngokushesha kodwa lungasheshiswa:

  • Ukuthembisana komphakathi okuvuzayo nenkinga kuxazulula ekuhloleni ukusebenza.
  • Ukugubha impumelelo, njengokunciphisa izikhalo noma intuthuko ekuhloleni komphakathi.
  • Ukuthatha isikhundla sabaphathi abamelana nokuguquka nalabo ababonisa izindinganiso ezithuthukayo.

Ukucindezela kwangaphandle kwezikhulu ezikhethiwe, imithombo yezindaba, namaqembu abashisekeli kungaqhubekisela phambili ushintsho, kodwa abalweli bangaphakathi babalulekile ukuze balondolozeke. Ukwakha ikhompathimende ‘ labatholi babantwana bakuqala” phakathi kwezigaba kuyasiza ekusakazeni izinqubo ezintsha.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlangana kwezimiso nemikhuba egcinwayo eqenjini lomthetho akuyona iqophelo eliqinile − iyindawo eqinile lapho imibono ifezeka khona. Izimiso zomsindo zinikeza uhlelo lwendlela elungile, yokusebenza kwamaphoyisa angochwepheshe, kodwa ziphumelela kuphela ngokuqeqeshwa, imithombo, nempucuko ezisekelayo. Uma izimiso zingaklanywanga kahle noma zibekwe ngaphandle kokuthenga, zingaholela ekunqandeni, ukuhluleka, nokungabi nabulungisa. Ngokuphambene, lapho izinhlangano zifaka izinhlelo ezibonisa ngokucacile, zigcwele, futhi zisebenza ngokuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo nokulandisa okuqotho. Ngaleyo mithetho ingaphumelela imiphakathi yabantu futhi ithole ukuthemba okukhulu emphakathini. Kubafundi bomthetho wobugebengu, ukuqonda le migwaqo akuyona nje imfundo; kulungiselela umsebenzi onzima kodwa obalulekile wokuthuthukisa umthetho wonke.