Isingeniso: Isisekelo Sokulondeka Komphakathi

Ukugcinwa komthetho womthetho wesigebengu kuwumgogodla womphakathi osebenzayo, osebenza ngokuthunywa okubucayi kokuhlola, ukuhlola, nokuvimbela ubugebengu kuyilapho usekela umthetho. Ukusukela eminyangweni yamaphoyisa endawo kuya ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni njenge Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) neDrugn Inforcement Administration (DEA), lezinhlangano zisebenza ekhonsathini ukuvikela izakhamuzi futhi zilethe izaphula umthetho. Lesihloko sihlola amasu ayinhloko asetshenziswayo ngokusemthethweni womthetho wanamuhla, izinselele eziphawulekayo ezibhekene zokwenza intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, ukuhwebelana kwezentengiselwano, kanye nezokusebenza kwezezezomthetho.

Ukugcinwa komthetho okuphumelelayo akukhona nje kuphela ngokuboshwa nokuquliswa komthetho; kuhilela ukuhlanganiswa okuyinkimbinkimbi kokuvimbela, ukuhlangana komphakathi, ukuhlangana kokuhlakanipha, nokwenza izinqumo ezingokokuziphatha. Izigxobo ziphakeme: ukuhluleka ukugcinwa kungaholela ekuhlukunyezweni, ukuncishiswa kwethemba lomphakathi, nokubhidlika komphakathi. Ukuqonda indlela izinhlangano ezisebenza ngayo nalapho zilwa khona kubalulekile kubakhi bemithetho, abaholi bomphakathi, nezakhamuzi ngokufanayo. Ngokuhlola ukungenela kwangempela kwezehlakanizo nemininingwane yemininingwane, singabona ukuthi yini esebenzayo, futhi yini edinga ukuthuthukiswa kwezentengiselwano yezeluleko lwezempala.

Ukuqonda Ukuphoqelelwa Komthetho Wesigebengu

Ukugcinwa komthetho wesigebengu kuhlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi eyenziwa yizinhlangano zikahulumeni ezigunyaziwe. Le misebenzi ihlanganisa ukugada okuqinile, ukusabela kobuphenya, ukuhlola izenzakalo, ukuphenya ngokufihla, nokuhlola isikhathi eside okuhlela ubugebengu obuhleliwe, ubuphekula, nezinsongo ze-inthanethi. Umthetho osemthethweni osebenza kuwo uchazwa ngesivikelo somthetho-mthetho, umthetho wezomthetho, kanye nokuphathwa kwezokwahlulela. E-United States, iSimemezelo sesine sibusa ukuseshwa nokuthathelwa indleka, kuyilapho iSiphendulo sesihlanu neSithathu siqinisekisa inqubo efanelekile nelungelo lezeluleko ezingokomthetho.

Ukugcinwa komthetho kuhlukaniswa ngokwezinga: isilinganiso ngasinye sinezinga elihlukeneyo (amaphoyisa ase-Mounipal nezindawo eziphethe isifundazwe), isifundazwe (abagada baphezulu, amabhuloho ombuso okuhlola), kanye nombuso (FBI, DEA, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firlosivers, Departments, Department of Homeland Security). Isilinganiso ngasinye sinobubanzi obuhlukile nemithombo yemali, kodwa ngokuvamile sibambisana ngemisebenzi yemisebenzi kanye nemisebenzi ehlangene. Impumelelo yanoma yisiphi isenzo ixhomeke ekuxhumaneni okuphumelelayo, ukuhlanganisa ulwazi, ukuhlanganisa, nokunamathela ezindinganisweni ezingokomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, [[FLT:] i-Acrectedment of Justicerst Offices Office inikeza futhi isekela ubufakazi obusekelwe ezweni elihlangene.

Izinqubo Eziyinhloko Zomthetho Wesigebengu

Izinhlangano zanamuhla eziqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho zisebenzisa amacebo ahlukahlukene ukuze zivimbele ubugebengu, izigebengu ezibophayo, futhi zakhe imiphakathi ephephile. Nakuba kungekho nhlobo indlela esebenzayo kuwo wonke umongo, ukucwaninga nokuzijwayeza kuye kwathola izindlela eziningana eziphumelela kakhulu. Ngaphansi sihlola izindlela eziyisithupha eziyinhloko, ngayinye iqukethe amakhono ayo nokucabangela kwayo siqu.

Ukuphatha Umphakathi

I-polic yomphakathi imelela ukushintshwa komthetho owenziwe ngokwesiko wokusebenza kwezenzwe, ukumiswa kwezemisebenzi. Abaphathi bathunyelwa ezindaweni ezithile ezihlukene ngezikhathi ezinde, ezibavumela ukuba bakhe ukwethembana nezakhamuzi, abanikazi bebhizinisi, nabaholi bomphakathi. Imihlangano yasikhathi sonke, ukugada kwezinyawo, kanye nokubambisana okusheshayo okungalawuleki kuthathe indawo yemithetho engekho muntu, ukugadelwa kwezimoto. Ukuhlola kuye kwabonisa ukuthi amaphoyisa omphakathi anganciphisa ukwesaba ubugebengu, ukwandisa ukubika amacala, futhi athuthukise ukufaneleka kwamaphoyisa. umbiko wesimende we-Probist Force Research forfor[FUM[FLT] [FLD]] [FLT] wathola ukuthi izinhlangano eziqinile zomphakathi ezihlangene nomphakathi zibona ukwehla kobugebengu nokwehla kwezenzo zobugebengu obunobuthelela izikhulu.

Nokho, amaphoyisa omphakathi adinga ukutshala imali eqhubekayo ekuqeqesheni, ekusebenzeni, nasesikhathini okuntuleka iminyango eminingi. Kudinga futhi ukushintshwa kwezempucuko ezinhlanganweni eziye zagcizelela ukugcinwa komthetho ngokomlando ngaphezu kwenkonzo. Nokho, lapho zisetshenziswa ngokwethembeka, zithuthukisa umjikelezo omuhle wokubambisana othuthukisa kokubili ukuphepha nobulungisa.

Isimiso Esigunyazwe Ubuhlakani

Amaphoyisa asebenza ngobuhlakani (ILP) asebenzisa ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa nokuhlaziywa ukuze athole abantu abaphezulu, izindawo, kanye nezinhlangano zobugebengu. Kunokuba asabelele kuzo zonke izingcingo ngokulinganayo, izinhlangano zihlela imithombo esekelwe ekuhlolweni kokuhlakanipha. Lokhu kwaqala e-United Kingdom futhi kamuva kwasetshenziswa izinhlangano zokulwa nokushushumbisa izidakamizwa, ubuphekula, nobudlova bamaqembu. ILP incike ezikhungweni zokuhlangana kokuthi ukwaziswa okuvela emithonjeni eminingi /hhawu, kuhlanganise nemibiko yobugebengu, izazi, izikhangiso, kanye nemithombo ye-data evulekile ye-U.[8]

Impumelelo ephawulekayo yayihlanganisa i-Joint Terrorism Task Forces ye-FBI, eyasebenzisa i-ILP ukuze ibhuntshise amaqhinga amaningi ngaphambi kokuba abulawe. Nokho, abagxeki baxwayisa ngokuthi ukubuthana kokuhlakanipha kungaphazamisa inkululeko yomphakathi uma kungagadwa kahle. Isihluthulelo siwukulondoloza uhlelo olucacile olungokomthetho kanye nokuqondisa okuzimele, njengoba kuboniswe ku izingxenyana ze-Electronic Foundation ngokuphathelene nemikhuba yokuhlanganisa.

Isimiso Esiqanjiwe Senkinga

Inkinga yamaphoyisa (POP) ihamba ngaphandle kwesehlakalo ukuze ixazulule izimo ezibangela ubugebengu. Abaphathi bahlaziya izinkinga eziphindaphindwayo njengokungathi ukushushumbisa izidakamizwa epaki elithile, ukugqekeza ngokuphindaphindiwe efulethini elithile, noma ubufebe emgwaqweni othile (futhi iveza izixazululo ezingokwesiko. Lezi zixazulu zingahlanganisa ukuklanywa kwendawo ezungezile (umz., ukukhanya okungcono, ukususa izimoto ezilahliwe), izinkonzo zomphakathi (umz., ukuhlanganisa imilutha yokulwa kwezidakamizwa ukuze isetshenziswe), noma izenzo zokuqinisekisa ukuhlasela iziboshwa ezifuna ukuphinda izikhala.

Isibonelo seSARA (Ukuhlola, u-Alysis, Response, Assessment) iyisimiso esivamile se-POP. Ukuhlola kuye kwathola ukuthi i-POP inciphisa ubugebengu ngokuphumelelayo kunabalindi abavamile, ikakhulukazi ezinkingeni ezingamahlalakhona. Ngokwesibonelo, iprojekthi eJersey City, New Jersey, ithole ukunciphiswa kwezenzwe zobugebengu ngobudlova ngokugxila ezindaweni eziphezulu nezenzo. Inhlangano yesizwe yokwahlulela [ ikhiphe isiqondiso esikhulu sokusebenzisa i-POP emikhakheni ehlukahlukene.

Ukuzinza Kobuchwepheshe

Ubuchwepheshe buye baguqula amandla okugcinwa komthetho. Amakhamera, izingqwembe zelayisense ezizisebenzelayo, imishini yokuhlola ukudutshulwa kwemoto, nemishini yokukhipha izibhamu kunikeza ukuqashelwa kwangempela okwakungakholeki esizukulwaneni esidlule. Izinhlelo zokudweba izinhlelo zokudweba ubugebengu zivumela abahlaziyi ukuba baphawule amachashaza ashisayo futhi bathumele imithombo ngokuhambelana. Imishini yezimoto ehambayo inikeza izikhulu ukuba zikwazi ukugunyaza, ukubhalisa izimoto, nemisebenzi yezigebengu. Muva nje, kubikezelwe ukuthi izibalo zobuphi ubugebengu nokuhlakanipha kokwenziwa komthetho imishini ikwazi ukubikezela ukuthi kuzoba khona lapho ubugebengu bungenzeka khona.

Nakuba lamathuluzi ethuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, aphakamisa futhi ukukhathazeka okukhulu kobuso bomuntu siqu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kabi kobuchwepheshe bokuqaphela ubuso, kuye kwaholela ekuboshweni okungalungile nasekuphathweni komphakathi. Imishini kumelwe ilinganisele ushintsho lwezobuchwepheshe nezimiso zomphakathi ezibonisayo, ukufakwa komphakathi, nokwengamela okunzima ukuze kugcinwe ukwethembana. i-Apporation’s on projectives inikeza ukuqonda okuwusizo emikhubeni yokusebenza.

Imizamo Eyinkimbinkimbi

Ayikho inkampani engalwa nobugebengu banamuhla iyodwa. Imisebenzi ehlanganisa iziqeshana zendawo, zesifundazwe, zezwe, ngisho nezamazwe asebenza ndawonye ukuze zihlanganyele ukwaziswa futhi zihlele imisebenzi. Izibonelo zihlanganisa i-FiBI’s Safe Streets Task Force ihlasela amaqembu anobudlova, i-DEA’s High Intensity Drug Tragryking Prafficings (HIDTA), uhlelo lwezomthetho womphakathi, kanye nezimiso ze-inthaneti ezihlangene. Imisebenzi ihlanganisa izinkonzo zezenhlalakahle zezenhlalakahle zezenhlalakahle zezenhlalakahle yezenhlalakahle, izikole, izikole, izikole, izama ukufinyelela ukuphepha komphakathi.

Esinye isifekethiso esiphumelelayo yi-Crisis Intervention Team (CIT), ebhangqana namaphoyisa asebenza ngezifo zengqondo ukuze ade-ace zviitiko ezihilela abantu abasenkingeni. Ubuhlobo obunjalo bungaphambukisa abantu esimisweni sokwahlulela kobugebengu ukuba belashwe, kuncishiswe i-dicidensism nemiphumela ethuthukisiwe. Internationalpoint Association of Masters of Police inikeza ukuqeqeshwa nemithombo yezinhlangano ezakha izinhlelo ze-CIT.

Isimiso Sobufakazi Esisekelwe Kuso

Amaphoyisa asekelwe kubufakazi (EBP) afuna ukuba abenzi bemithetho basebenzise ukucwaninga okuqinile kwezesayensi ukuze baqondise amasu abo, izinqubo, namasu. Kunokuba bathembele emasikweni noma ekubikweni, iminyango ihlola ukuphumelela kokungenela ngokuhlola okulawulwayo, ukuhlaziya ukwaziswa, kanye nokulinganisa imiphumela. Indlela ithole ukuhlanganiswa ngenxa yezinhlangano ezinjenge i-Explorince-Explorime Digilicy[[ eGeorge Mason University, ehlanganisa ukucwaninga ukuze kuqashe ukuqhuba.

I-EBP iqinise amasu athile (umz., ukunqanda ubudlova beqembu) futhi yalahla amanye (umzk., ukuqasha uphangalaza akunamiphumela enciphisi ubugebengu). Ngokumisa inqubo yokuhlola, izinhlangano zinganika imithombo elinganiselwe ngokuphumelelayo futhi zithuthukise ukulandisa. Nokho, i-EBP idinga amandla omzimba, ukuqeqesha, nokuzimisela ukushintsha indlela lapho ubufakazi buphikisana nokuhlakanipha okuvamile.

Izinselele Ezibhekene Nokuphoqelelwa Komthetho

Naphezu kokutholakala kwamasu aqinisekisiwe, izinhlangano eziqinisekisa ukugcinwa komthetho zibhekene nezithiyo ezinkulu ezingaphazamisa ukuphumelela kwazo. Lezi zinselele zisukela ekuntulekeni kwemithombo yemali okungamahlalakhona kuya ezinkingeni eziyinkimbinkimbi zomthetho nezezimiso zokuziphatha. Ukuzilungisa kubalulekile empilweni ehlala isikhathi eside yesimiso somthetho womthetho.

Ukulinganiselwa Kwemithombo Yezinto

Imingcele elawula izindleko iyinkinga engapheli eminyangweni eminingi, ikakhulukazi emikhakheni emincane. Ukuwa kwezimali kuholela ekusebenziseni izisebenzi ezisezingeni eliphansi, emishinini ephelelwe isikhathi, nasemathunjini angenawo amathuba okuqeqesha. Abaphathi bancishiswa, baphoqelelwe ukusingatha izingxenyana zemali ezikhungethe abantu abambalwa abasebenza nabo. Lokhu kucindezela okubangelwa yikho okubangela ukutubeka, ukukhuthala okukhulu, nokuthatha isinyathelo esiyekelelwe. Ngo-202020, i-Proiced Research Forum yabika ukuthi izinhlangano eziningi zazizabalaza ukugcwalisa izikhundla, kanti ezinye zinezinga eliphakeme elingaphezu kweshumi%.

Uhlelo lwekhamera ethwala izimpahla lungabiza amakhulu ezinkulungwane zamaRandi ngonyaka, futhi ukulondoloza isimiso sokuthumela imiyalezo nge-computer noma ubugebengu kudinga ukuxhaswa ngokuqhubekayo. Imali yosizo nosizo lukahulumeni ingasiza, kodwa ngokuvamile iza nemithetho evimbelayo futhi ayiqinisekisiwe unyaka nonyaka. Ukusungula izimvume zokusungula inzuzo phakathi kwezindawo ezingomakhelwane kunganciphisa izikhala ezithile, kodwa indaba eyinhloko yokungakhokheli imali iyaqhubeka iyikhathazo elinzima.

Ukuzicabangela Nokwethemba Umphakathi

Umphakathi ungakwazi ukukhubaza imizamo yokugcinwa komthetho. Uma imiphakathi ingawethembi amaphoyisa, mancane amathuba okubika ubugebengu, ukubambisana nophenyo, noma ukukhonza njengofakazi. Izenzakalo eziphezulu ze-profile ezinamandla adlulele, ukubulala izinhlanga, nokuziphatha okubi kuye kwaqeda ukuthembana, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabantu abambalwa. Ifa lokungabi nabulungisa okungokomlando, njengempi yezidakamizwa nemithetho yokunqanda ukulwa kobudlova, liyaqhubeka libangela ukungezwani.

Ukwakha kabusha ukuthembana kudinga ukubonakala, ukulandisa, nokuthembisana ngobuqotho. Amakhamera omzimba, amabhodi aqondisa abantu, nokuqoqwa kokwaziswa emasiteji nasekuboshweni kungasiza. Kodwa ikhambi eliphumelela kakhulu ukusebenzelana okungaguquguquki, ukuphathana ngenhlonipho okubonisa isibopho sokukhonza wonke amalungu omphakathi ngokulinganayo. Imishini emisa kuqala ubulungisa obungokwendawo.

Intuthuko Yobuchwepheshe Nobugebengu

Amathuluzi afanayo anika amandla ukugcinwa komthetho futhi anika amandla izigebengu. I-Cybercrime, kuhlanganise ne-farebrary, ukwebiwa kwemininingwane yabantu, ukukhwabanisa nge-inthanethi, nokuxhaphaza abantwana, aqubuka ngobuningi. Izigebengu zisebenza zinqamula imingcele ngokungaqondani, zisebenzisa ukuxhumana okuyimfihlo, ukufihlana, kanye nezimakethelo ezimnyama. Amasu avamile ophenyo awawa ngokwanele ukulandelela labadlali.

Izinhlangano eziqapha umthetho zincintisana neholo lezisebenzi ezizimele ukuze zikhange futhi zilondoloze ochwepheshe bezezobuchwepheshe, kodwa ukuhlelwa kwemali kuvame ukuhluleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo lwemithetho esekelwe ebufakazini be-teknoloji − njengemvume yemininingwane yamafu noma i-demorys . Izinhlangano ezifana ne-FBI’s FBI’s Cyber Division ziphumelele kakhulu, ukushesha koshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe kudinga ukuvumelana okuqhubekayo nokubambisana ngesilinganiso sembulunga yonke. [[FLT:] Inhlangano yesizwe ye-Spectal ne-Cybersecurity Frial Worketry [ inikeza iziqondiso ezithiwe umthetho ongazivumelanisa izinjongo zezeze-ebhulo.

Ukuyinkimbinkimbi Kwezinhlangano Zezigebengu

Izinhlangano zezelele ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, zisebenza emingceleni yomhlaba wonke ngezakhiwo eziqinile, izivumelwano zomthetho, nemithombo yemali ehlukahlukene. Izinhlangano zezidakamizwa, ukushushumbisa kwabantu, namaqembu e-inthanethi asebenzisa izinqubo ezithuthukisiwe, ukuthumba imali, nenkohlakalo ukuze zisekele imisebenzi yazo. Ukususa lezi zinhlangano kudinga ukuphenya isikhathi eside, imisebenzi yobuso becala, kanye nenzuzo elahlekelwa isikhathi esiningi nobuchwepheshe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imigqa ephakathi kwezenzo zobugebengu nemisebenzi esemthethweni ngezinye izikhathi ifiphale. Ngokwesibonelo, izinhlangano zobugebengu ezivela emhlabeni wonke zingatshala imali ezindaweni noma emabhizinisini ukuze zixhaphazwe. Ukugcinwa komthetho kubhekene nezinselele ekwakheni iziphakamiso ezibonisa injongo yobugebengu kuyilapho zihlonipha amalungelo empahla. Amabutho alwayo emisebenzi ezenzo zobugebengu kanye nezivumelwano zomhlaba wonke, njengalawo ancedwa INTERPOL[, kubalulekile ukusingatha lezinsongoso.

Ukucabangela Okungokomthetho Nokuyingcaca

Ukugcinwa komthetho kusebenza phakathi kwesimiso esiqinile somthetho esiklanyelwe ukuvikela amalungelo abantu ngabanye. ISichibiyelo sesine sidinga isizathu sokuseshwa nokuthatheka, iSichibiyelo sesihlanu sivikela ekuzichaseni, futhi iSichibiyelo sesithupha siqinisekisa ilungelo lokuqulwa kwecala nokumelelwa okusheshayo. Ukulinganisela ngokuphumelelayo ngalezi sivikelo kuyinselele engapheli. Ukushisekela ngokweqile kungaholela ekucindezeleni ubufakazi, ukudidelwa kwezinkolelo, kanye nokubekwa icala komphakathi.

Ukucabangela okungokwesayensi kudlulela ngalé kwenkantolo. Ukusetshenziswa kwegunya, ukukhomba kwezinhlanga, kanye nokuphatha abantu abasengozini (njengokuba abantu benokungabikho kwekhaya noma ukugula kwengqondo) kuphakamisa imibuzo ejulile yokuziphatha. Izethulo ziye zasebenzisa izimiso ezithi de-ecarensings futhi zisebenzise idola, kodwa ukunamathela kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. Ukuqondisa kobulungu, amabhodi okukhononda kwezakhamuzi, kanye nemicimbi eqinile yangaphakathi kubucayi ukuze kugcinwe ubuqotho. Ihhovisi lezenkonzo ze-Communypolity (COPS) [[FLTP]]

Ukuhlola Icala Lomthetho Wobugebengu

Izibonelo zezwe langempela zibonisa indlela amasu nezinselele ezisetshenziswa ngayo. Izenzakalo ezilandelayo ziqokomisa ukuphumelela kwempumelelo kanye nezifundo ezifundwayo ngokwehluleka.

Ukuhlolwa Kwendaba 1: Amaphoyisa Omphakathi eRichmond, eCalifornia

Ekuqaleni konyaka ka-2000, iRichmond yayingelinye lamadolobha ayingozi kakhulu e-United States, enezinga lokubulala elilingana nelomuzi wamadolobha amakhulu anjengeChicago. Ngo-2004, umnyango wamaphoyisa, ngaphansi kobuholi obusha, wamukela amaphoyisa omphakathi njengefilosofi yawo eyinhloko. Abaphathi-mikhosi kwadingeka bahlale edolobheni ababephethe (isimiso sesikhulu sezezomthetho sobupopunti ] esiphethe inqubo yobupoputeni [[FLT]]] elingana neyomthetho [[FLT]]]) futhi babelwa ukuba bafake izibhambo ezithile lapho bakha ubuhlobo obude besikhathi eside. Imihlangano yasemasontweni aseduze yanikeza izakhamuzi izwi eliqondile ekuhleleni izinto eziphambili. Inkampani futhi yayisebenza ngeholo elingayinzuzo ebizwa ngokuthi iHhovisi yomphakathi, eyayisebenza ngobudlova ezinde izigelekezwe ngezigebengu zezelele ezisomidanga ezilwa ukuba zixaba zokulwa izingxabano.

Ngo-2018, iRichmond yayisinciphe ngamaphesenti angu-80 ekubulaleni, kanye nokuncipha okukhulu kokuphanga nokuhlasela. Nakuba izici eziningi zanikela − kuhlanganise nokuthuthuka kwezomnotho nezinguquko zezwe — ukushintshwa kwamaphoyisa emphakathini kwanconywa kakhulu ngokuphinde kwakhiwa kabusha nokusiza ukungenela kokuhlakanipha. Icala libonisa indlela ukubopheka okuqinile kobuhlobo obunganqoba ngayo ngisho nobudlova obugxilile.

Ukuhlolwa Kwezimo 2: Isimiso Sobuhlakani Nenethi Yezidakamizwa Engenayo

Ngo-2018-2019, i-Drug Enforcement Administration, isebenzisana ne-Colombian National Police nabanye abasebenza nabo, yakhipha uchungechunge lwemisebenzi ehlasela ukushushumbisa izidakamizwa ze-Enttraquero, enecala lokuhambisa amathani ecocaine eUnited States nase-Europe. Isebenzisa ukuhlakanipha kokunikeza izimemezelo, ukunqanda ukuxhumana, nokuhlola kwezezimali, abacwaningi bathola isakhiwo sobuholi be-nethiligile kanye nezindawo zokusebenza. Kunokuba babambe izintambo ze-Entaquero, bahlasela amazwe amaningi, bathatha amathani angaphezu kwe-10 e-cocaine futhi babamba izisulu zenani eliphakeme lama-25.

Lokhu mpumelelo kwadinga ukwaziswa okukhulu phakathi kwezinhlangano nokunamathela ezimisweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zomthetho ukuze kuqoqwe ubufakazi. Kubonisa amandla amaphoyisa aqiniswayo lapho ehlangene nokubambisana kwezizwe zonke. Icala laqokomisa izinselele: abanye abasolwayo ababanjwa, futhi kamuva i-social yahlelwa kabusha abaholi abasha. Ukucindezela okuqinile kwabonakala kudingekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvuseleleka.

Ukuhlolwa Kwecala 3: Izikhulu Eziqashelwayo EProvidence, eRhode Island

Ngo-2015, iProvince Police Department yamisa i-POP kuqala ihlasela iqoqo lemijovo ehlobene nezidakamizwa endaweni eseduze kweHartford Park. U-Analysts wathola ukuthi izenzakalo eziningi zenzeka eduze kwezindawo ezithile ezingenalutho nezakhiwo ezishiyiwe, ngokuvamile zihilela iqembu elincane lezaphula-mthetho eziphindaphindiwe. Lomnyango wasebenza nomnyango wedolobha wokuhlela ukuqoqa izakhiwo ezingenalutho, ukumisa izibani, nokuhlanza imfucucucu. Abaphathi baqondisa abasebenzi abathola imvume, kuyilapho abantu bomphakathi beqeqesha izisebenzi futhi besiza ekusebenziseni ugwayi.

Phakathi neminyaka emibili eyalandela, ukudubula endaweni kwehliswa ngamaphesenti angu-60, futhi ukuboshwa kwezidakamizwa kwashintshwa kusuka kubathengisi bemigwaqwe kuya kubathengisi bemigwaqwe abaphezulu. Ukuhlolwa kokwaneliseka kwamuva kwathuthuka ngokuphawulekayo. Icala libonisa ukuthi amaphoyisa anezimo zenkinga angaphumelela ngisho nangemithombo elinganiselwe lapho abangane behlangene behlelwa futhi amakhambi efanelana nezimo zendawo.

Iziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo Emthetho Wesigebengu

Ishumi leminyaka elizayo liyoletha izinguquko ezinkulu ekuqinisweni komthetho njengoba ubuchwepheshe, inani labantu, namathemba omphakathi kushintsha.

Ukuqeqeshwa Okuthuthukisiwe Nentuthuko Yobuchwepheshe

Ngaphandle kwemfundo yesikole eyisisekelo, izikhulu zidinga ukuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo ekusabeleni ekuthatheni i-de-escalence, ubandlululo olucacile, ukuzwa inhlekelele, nokungenela kwenhlekelele. Ukuqeqeshwa okusekelwe kusuka kumaqiniso angokoqobo nakukuhloniphi kungakha amakhono abucayi okwenza izinqumo ngaphandle kwemiphumela yangempela. Inhlangano yesizwe yeJaji[ isekela ukucwaninga ngezindlela eziphumelelayo zokuqeqesha amaphoyisa, ukuthola ukuthi umkhuba ophindaphindwayo, uyaqhubeka, ukwakhiwa kwemfundo esekelwe ekufundiseni.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi Nombuso Kakho

Ikusasa cishe lihilela ukuhlelwa kwezindawo zomphakathi ngokuhlola okuvamile, izikole zezakhamuzi, kanye namabhodi okuqondisa anegunya langempela ezinqumweni zezimiso. Amanye amadolobha aye azama ukusebenzisa imali yokuhlukanisa imali yamaphoyisa, avumela izakhamuzi ukuba zivote izinto eziza kuqala. Abaqondisi bezezemfundo, lapho abameleli bomphakathi behlala kumakomiti okuyala noma beqeqeshelwa ukuklama amakilasi, kungaqinisa ngokwengeziwe ukulandisa.

Ukutholwa Kwezindlela Zobuchwepheshe Ezintsha Ngezinsimbi Zokuzivikela

Ukuhlakanipha kokwenziwa, ubuchwepheshe obubikezelayo, nobuchwepheshe obungalawuleki kuzoba bukhulu kakhulu. Nokho, ukutholwa kwabo kumelwe kuhambisane nezivikelo eziqinile zangasese, ukuvela kwe-algorithim, nokuhlola okuzimele. Ngokwesibonelo, i-American Civil Liberties Union isekela ukuqashelwa kobuso kuze kube yilapho kukhulunywe ngezinsolo. ACLU] ikhasi lokuhlola eliqinile lokuhlola kwasese, ukuveza ukuxilonga okuqhubekayo kwalezindaba. I-AProtiveryings kufanele inikeze ukuhlaziywa kwale okusha ngokuhlola ngokucophelela nangokushoshonisa izinhloso uma izinhloso zingahlangani.

Gxila Empilweni Yengqondo Nokusabela Ezinkingeni

Izenzakalo eziningi zamaphoyisa zihilela abantu ababhekene nezinkinga zempilo. Amasu esikhathi esizayo ancike kakhulu kubantu abasebenza ngokufakelwayo − izikhulu ezisebenza ngezisebenzi zezenhlalakahle noma abasebenza nge-cliniki----(noma zize ziphambukise ngisho nezingcingo ezithile ngokuphelele emaqenjini ahamba phambili ezinkinga zempi. Ubufakazi bokuqala bubonisa ukuthi izinhlelo ezinjalo zinciphisa ukuboshwa, ukuvalelwa, nokusetshenziswa kwezisebenzi. Amadolobha anjenge-Denver no-Eugenera, i-Oregon, aye aqala ukuhlanganisa lezi zindlela, futhi ukusekela kwe-Community Mental Health Servity menters kunikeza ukuvuselelwa kwesizwe.

Izinguquko Zemithetho Nezimiso Zokulandisa

Kuzodingeka ukuhlolwa kwenqubo okuqhubekayo. Izinguquko zingahlanganisa ukusebenzisa iziqondiso eziqinile, ukubukeza okuzimele komshushisi ukudubula okuncintiswa iphoyisa, kanye nokubika ngesibopho kokwaziswa okungalawuleki. Uphenyo lwe-Jaji Department oluthi lungajwayelekile kakhulu phakathi nabaphathi abathile, lungaphinde luthole ukuvelela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izishaya-mthetho zingakhipha imithetho efuna ukukhishwa kwemithetho ethatha umthetho ongathi sína. Ukwakha inqubo yokuziphendulela ngecala kunoma isiphi isimo sokuziphendulela. /a lapho izindaba zangaphakathi zikhona zisebenza ngokulandelana nomthetho odinga ukuhola.

Isiphetho

Ukugcinwa komthetho wesigebengu kuwumkhakha onamandla nofuna impoqo okumelwe ulinganisele ukuphumelela nobulungisa, ukusungulwa kwezinto zomuntu siqu, negunya kanye nokuthenjwa. Amasu ahlelwe kulesi sihloko ````amaphoyisa', amaphoyisa anezingcingo, amaphoyisa anezingcingo, ubuchwepheshe, imizamo ebambisanayo, kanye nobufakazi obusekelwe ekwakheni isisekelo esiqinile sezinhlangano zanamuhla. Nokho izinselele zokuswela kwemicebo, ukungaqiniseki komphakathi, u-inthaktheli, amaqembu ahlukene ezwe lonke, kanye nemithetho eqinile zingokoqobo futhi zikhona ngokuphikelelayo.

Iminyango ephumelela kakhulu kuyoba yileyo ehlala ivumelana nezimo, iveza kalula, futhi ihileleke kakhulu emiphakathini ekhonzayo. Ngokufaka imali ekuqeqesheni, ngokuthatha amathuluzi amasha ngokunakekela, nangokuthatha umthwalo wokulandisa, ukugcinwa komthetho akugcini ngokuphoqelela umthetho wobugebengu kodwa futhi kuqinisa isisekelo somphakathi esenza ukuba imiphakathi iphephe. Ikusasa lixhomeke ekungeneni okunenzuzo, ubufakazi obusekelwe ekwakhekeni okusekelwe enqubweni esemthethweni, okuqaphela ukuthi ukuphepha komphakathi kuwumthwalo ohlangene phakathi kwamaphoyisa nomphakathi abawukhonzayo.