Izinhlelo ezisekelwe emphakathini ezimelene nokugcinwa komthetho ezithathelwa phambili zisuka ekuthatheni izinyathelo eziyinhloko zezindlela zokuphepha zesizwe emhlabeni wonke. Le zinhlelo zigcizelelwe ngomqondo wokuthi imiphakathi yendawo ayiyona nje kuphela i-omkhondo wokuqala wezokuvikela izindaba ezithathelwanayo kodwa futhi futhi yizithunywa ezithembekile kakhulu zokuziphikisa. Ngokususa izinhlelo zomthetho ezithatha izithuba zokuphoqelela ukubhalisa, lezi zinyathelo zihloselwe ukuphazamisa impoqo ngaphambi kokuba iphele ngobudlova. Nokho, ukuphumelela kwayo kuhlala kuyindaba yempikiswano phakathi kwabenzi bemithetho eqenjini, abacwaningi, nabezobuchwepheshe. Ingabe ngempela isebenza? Ziyini izimo ezizenza ziphumelele noma zihluleke? Lesi sihloko sihlola izinhlelo ezihlolwayo, izinqubo zokusebenza, ubufakazi obungokwezimo, ubufakazi obuqhubekayo, nezinselele zomphakathi oziphikisayo, ukudweba izihloko ze-United States, i-United States, i-Admicromess, izinhlelo zeze izinhlelo zezemfundo zezemfundo zezemfundo zezemfundo nezokuhlo.

Ukuchaza Izenzo Zobuphekula Zomphakathi Ezisekelwe Kuhulumeni

I-communitic esekelwe emphakathini (CBCT) ibhekisela ekungeneleni okuncike ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwezinhlangano zezokuphepha zikahulumeni nabadlali bendawo − kuhlanganise nabaholi benkolo, abafundisi, izisebenzi zezenhlalakahle, nezinhlangano zomphakathi − ukuveza nokukhuluma nabashayeli bemibhoshongo enobudlova. Ngokungafani nezinyathelo ezingokwesiko ezigcizelela ukuqapha, ukuvalelwa, nempi, i-CBCT imisa ukwethembana, ukungenela kwakuqala, nokuzinza komphakathi. Inkolelo eyisisekelo iwukuthi iyanda ezindaweni lapho abantu bezizwa bengenamthetho, behlukanisiwe, behlukanisiwe, futhi beqediswe, futhi ubudlelwane bendawo bunganikeza ukusekela okudingekile ukuqondisa abantu abasengozini ekudedeleni ezindleleni ezingokomthetho.

Lezinhlelo zisebenza ngokwezinga lomphakathi, zihlanganisa izimiso zokuphepha ezimacro kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho okuncane. Ahloselwe ukuthatha indawo yemisebenzi edluliselwe ekuhlakanipheni noma izenzo zomthetho kodwa ukuphelelisa ngokubhekana nezimbangela eziyinhloko ezenza zikhange kakhulu. Izimiso eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ukuhlanganyela ngokuzithandela, ubunikazi bomphakathi, kanye nokukhathalela amasiko. Uma lezizimiso zisekelwa, iCBCT ingakhuthaza ukubambisana okusemthethweni; uma izinhlelo zinganakiwe, zifaka engozini ukuhlukanisa imiphakathi ehlose ukuvikela.

Izisekelo Eziyisisekelo

Ukuzichaza Kwabantu Neqembu Kuyashintsha

Ukwenaba kuhilela inqubo engokwengqondo lapho abantu bemukela khona imigomo nezinkolelo zeqembu elilwayo ukuze bafeze izidingo zobuphili. Inkolelo-mbono yezenhlalo isikisela ukuthi abantu bazithathela ubuthaka obuvela emaqenjini awabheka njengaphakeme. Amaqembu athatha inzuzo ngokunikeza izibopho ezicacile thina esizisholo. Izinhlelo ezisekelwe emphakathini ziphikisana nalokhu ngokuqinisa iqembu elihlukile le-Caltures / / ukusekela esabelweni sesizwe esisodwa, ukholo, noma indawo ethile. Ngokwesibonelo, izingxoxo zokuxuba izinkolo kanye nemisebenzi yezivumelwano zomphakathi zisiza ukwakha izibopho zokunqamula izibopho ezinciphisa ukudluliswa kwemibono ehlukene.

Izibonelo Ezishukumisa Umphakathi

Izindlela eziningi ze-CBCT ziboleka kupholishi womphakathi, ogcizelela ukubambisana okulungisa izinkinga phakathi kwamaphoyisa nomphakathi. Umqondo ucacile: uma izakhamuzi zithemba ukugcinwa komthetho, zisengozini kakhulu yokubika ukukhathazeka ngabantu ababonisa izimpawu zokuzinza. Ukwethemba kwakhiwa ngokuxhumana okuvamile, okungekukho ngempoqo, ukubonakala, nokuboniswa kokulandisa. Ukucwaninga [ku- ku-Round Corporand [[ kubonisa ukuthi amaphoyisa omphakathi angathuthukisa ukwabelana ngaphandle kokwehlisa inkululeko yomphakathi, uma kunikezwa ukuthi iziqondiso ezicacile zivikela izindaba zomuntu siqu.

Impilo Yomphakathi Nesayensi Yokuyivimbela

Indikimba ekhulayo yamafektha asebenza ngokungenangqondo njengendaba yempilo yomphakathi, isikhulumi sokuvimbela izifo ezithathelwanayo. Lendlela iveza izici zengozi (umzk., ukuchayeka empahleni eyingozi, izikhalo zomuntu siqu, izici ezivikelayo (umz., umsebenzi oqinile, izinhlangano eziqinile zomphakathi, ukubonakala okuhle). Lendlela inciphisa ukuphatha ihlazo nokukhuthaza usizo lwasekuqaleni: indawo yonke (imikhankaso yokuqaphela okukhulu), ukukhetha (ukusekela okungadingekile emaqenjini e-trik), futhi isho (ukunikeza iseluleko esiqinile kubantu ababonisa izimpawu eziphikisayo).

Amasu Nezindlela Zokuxoxa

Ukuhlanganyela Nokwehlukana Komphakathi

Ukuthembisana okuphumelelayo kudinga okungaphezu kwezingxoxo eziqinile nabaholi bomphakathi, izisebenzi zentsha, nabantu benkolo abanethonya. Izinhlelo ezifana ne UK Preven amaqembu asendaweni [ ahlanganisa amaphoyisa, iziphathimandla zendawo, nezinhlangano zokuzithandela zokuhlobisa ukungenela. Ukungenela kuhlanganisa futhi izingxoxo zomnyango wendlu nendlu, izenzakalo zomphakathi, kanye nezinto ezifanele ezichaza indlela yokuthuthukisa izinkathazo ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphindisela.

Imfundo Nemikhankaso Yokuqaphela

Lemikhankaso ijongene nokuqamba imikhankaso yokumelene nokulandisa okuhlasimulisayo. Ingase ithathe uhlobo lwezifundo zesikole ezisekelwe ekucabangeni okugxekayo, ekufundeni amanani nokubekezelelana. Ngokwesibonelo, i- i-Cities Networket [ ihamba izitsha ezifundisa intsha indlela yokuqaphela nokulahla. Imizamo yokuqaphelisa izimpawu futhi ibambe abazali nabafundisi, ibanike izimpawu zokufuna usizo nemfuno.

Ukuphikisa-Isilwi-narrives kanye nokulayeza okungakhombi

Kunokuba ilahle ngokuqondile inkulumo - ze eyingozi engaqondakali, engasandisanga futhi ithuthukise izindaba ezikhuthazayo. Ababesinda ekuhlaseleni kwamaphekula, futhi abalingiswa bomphakathi bahlanganyela okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo ngamavidiyo, imithombo yezindaba yomphakathi, nangamazwi obala. Lokhu kwenza umyalezo ube nobuntu futhi kunikeze izikhombo ezithembekile. A Against Politic Extremism (AVE) i-'i-socity syl senethiew iyisibonelo esiphawulekayo sokusebenzisa amazwi anjalo.

Ukungenela Nokungenela Kwangaphambili

Ukubona abantu ekuqaleni kokuguqula izinto kuyinqubo ebucayi. Izinhlelo ezinjenge- Programme yeChannel e-UK isebenzisa amabhodi anezikhotha-ndlela eziningi ukuhlola futhi wenze amasu okusekela komuntu siqu. Ukusekela kungahlanganisa ukunikeza umeluleki, ukuqeqesha ingqondo, ukuqeqesha umsebenzi, noma ukuhlola umkhaya. Ukuhlolwa kwathola ukuthi abathathi hlangothi beChannel babengenawo kakhulu umsebenzi oyingozi uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elilawulayo, nakuba isilinganiso sobukhulu bengqondo besingabancane.

Isakhiwo Esifanelekayo Sezinhlangano Zendawo

Izinhlangano eziningi zomphakathi azinazo imithombo noma ubuchwepheshe bokusingatha izigebengu ngokuphumelelayo. Izinhlelo zeCBCT zinikeza ukuqeqeshwa, ukuxhasa, kanye nosizo lobuchwepheshe ukuze ziqinise ikhono lazo lokunikeza imisebenzi yokuvimbela. Lokhu kungahlanganisa amashabhu enqubeni yesinqumo sempi, ukunakekelwa kokukhubazeka, noma ukugadwa kwe-ingosi ye-intanethi ye-intanethi ye-intanethi ye-U. i-United Nations Office of Counter-Torrorism[ isungule ithuluzi lokusiza amaqembu omphakathi ukuba asebenzise izinyathelo ezinjalo ezimisweni eziphansi.

Ubufakazi Obusekelwe Kuwo Obubonisa Ukuphumelela

Ukuhlola Okuzuzisayo

Ukuhlolwa okuhleliwe okukhishwe kwe-Tertulic kwahlola ukuhlola okungu-32 kwezinhlelo zeCBCT emazweni angu-12. Kwathola ubufakazi obulinganiselayo bokuthi lezi zinyathelo zesehlo zincishisiwe, njengalokhu kuboniswa ukusekela ubudlova obuthathekayo nokuzimisela ukuzihlanganisa namaqembu afuna ukuthatheka. Izinhlelo eziphumelela kakhulu zahlanganisa amasu amaningi (ukufinyelela, imfundo, nokusekela) futhi zafakwa ezisekelweni zenkonzo zomphakathi ezikhona. Labo bagxila ekuqapheni noma ekubikeni ngokuthanda ukuveza ukungathembana nokungathembi nokuzimisela komphakathi.

ECanada, i-Centre for the Prevention of Paradical Leating Leadting to Violence (CPRLV) eMontreal ibike ukubopha okuqinile: amashumi angaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha e-abaphathi abavela emalungwini omphakathi aholela emacala okungenela, kanti amaphesenti angu 87 abathengi aqeda uhlelo ngaphandle kokuhileleka kwemisebenzi eyingozi. Ukuhlola okuzimele okwenziwa yi-[FLT:] Umnyango wezentengo zomphakathi [ uqinisekisa ukuthi ukuncishwa kwezekwe kwamaphoyisa emaqenjini empahleni asebenza kanzima kuyilapho egcina imiphumela ikhona.

Izinselele Zokulinganisela

Naphezu kwalezi zimpawu ezikhuthazayo, ukuhlola okuqinile kuhlala kunzima. Ukuzihlola kuyinto ephansi kakhulu, kodwa kubantu abangabuphathi ubudlova, ngakho kunzima ukuveza ukuthi ukungabikho kobudlova kusemkhakheni wohlelo. Izimpawu ezilawulayo ezifana nezimo zengqondo noma ulwazi zingase zingaguquleli ekushintsheni kwesimilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo eziningi azinazo ulwazi oluqinile kanye namaqembu okulawula. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi ubufakazi busebuncane kakhulu ukuba bungathethelelwa ukutshala imali eshisiwe, ikakhulukazi ukukhathazeka ngemisebenzi kanye nenkululeko yomphakathi.

Imiphumela Engahlosiwe

Okunye ukuhlola kuye kwafaka imiphumela ebuhlungu. Uma imiphakathi ibheka izinhlelo zeCBCT njengeziqaphayo ngokuzifihla, ukuthembana kuyancipha. UK K Preven sue sue [ ithole ukuthi amaphesenti angu-40 e-arekhodi ayeyi-alpharity ayegxekwa kakhulu ngemiphakathi yamaSulumane ehlasela ngokungenakulinganiswa, okuholela ekuhlukanini nasekucasukeni. Unyaka ka-2018 umbiko u- u-openDemocracy [[[] wathola ukuthi i-40% ye-areatoralalsss ayeyilungele kakhulu, nokho inkulumo yasobala ngokuvamile ihlotshaniswa kakhulu nohlelo oluneyobuSulumane-th-screalthm.[a umbono olk)

Ukuhlola Icala

United Kingdom – Prakthiza Iqhinga

Icebo eliyi- liyicebo eliqanjiwe, eliqanjwe ngo- 2007, lisewuhlelo lwe-CBCT olufundwa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke. Lisebenza ezinsikeni ezinhlanu: ukubambisana neziphathimandla zendawo, imfundo nokuqeqeshwa (umz., inqanda idinga izikole namayunivesithi ukuba abhekene nokuvimbela abantu ukuba bangene ebuphekula), ukungenela (umnyango), ukushushisa (njengoba inqaba yokugcina), kanye nokubambisana kwezizwe zonke. Izibalo zibonise ukuthi iChannel ivimbela ngokuphumelelayo abantu abangaba ngu 80% ukuba baqhubekele phambili esinyatheloni sobudlova. Nokho, uhlelo luye lwabangela impikiswano ngokuphathelene nokuhlanjalazwa okucatshangelwayo ngamaSulumane namathuba awo okukhuluma ngokukhululekile. Inguquko kubhekise phambili kulokhu kunakho ukuvikela.

Canada – Ukwakha Ukumelana Nobuphekula

I-National Strategy on Counterting Radicalting to Violence (208) igcizelela izinyathelo zomphakathi ezithathwayo. Ngokungafani ne-UK, ebeka amaphoyisa phakathi, ukudayisa izimali zeCanada ezixhasa izinhlangano zendawo ezingazuzi inzuzo. Isibonelo se-CPRLV esiphawulwe ngaphambili sibonisa amandla ale sibonelo. Ukuhlolwa kweYunivesithi yaseSherbrooke kwathola ukuthi izikhulu zomphakathi zinciphisa amaphoyisa ngenxa yobugebengu bemidanti yeze-34% ezindaweni zokulawula izindiza, nakuba zaphawula ukuthi ukuhlelwa kwenguquko ngalé kwezifundazwe kudinga ukucwaninga okwengeziwe.

United States – Izinhlelo ZeCVE

I-U.S. Ifaka izinhlelo ze-Chalbil Extremism (CVVE) ngaphansi kwesimiso sobuqondisi be-OBAMA ezigxile emadolobheni amathathu abashayeli bezindiza: i-Los Angeles, iBoston, neMinneapolis. Lezi zinyathelo zomphakathi ezikhokhelwayo zokunikeza ukusekela kwempilo yengqondo, ukuqeqesha umsebenzi, kanye nokweluleka umkhaya. [[FLT:] Brennan Center ukuhlolwa kwezesondo zezindiza [[[FLTY:3] zaphetha ngokuthi nakuba abashayeli bethuthukela ukuthembana komthetho wendawo, babentula inqubo ehloniphekile futhi babengenawo imingcele eguquguqukayo. Ngemva koshintsho olungokomthetho, ukusekela imali engokomthetho kahulumeni, nakuba izinhlelo eziningi zendawo ziqhubeke ngokuzimela.

Izinselele Nezihibe

Iphutha Lokuthembela KuNkulunkulu

Ukwethembana kuyinselele eyisisekelo. Ngokomlando, imiphakathi eminingi emincane iye yabhekana nokuqashelwa, ukuhlukunyezwa, nokuhlelwa kwezinhlelo zobushiqela. Izinhlelo ze-CBCT ezicela ukubambisana komphakathi kumelwe ziqale zinqobe lelifa. Uma amaphoyisa eqala ukuhileleka, ingazizwa njengokunwetshwa kokugcinwa komthetho, inqande ukuthatha isinyathelo esiqotho. Izinhlelo eziphumelelayo zivame ukuhlukanisa ukuvinjelwa ekusebenziseni ukuhlakanipha, ziqinisekisa ukuthi ukwaziswa okuhlanganyelwe akusetshenziselwa ukumangalelwa ngaphandle kokuba inhloso yobugebengu iseduze.

Ukuvinjelwa Kwemithombo Yezinto

I-CBCT idinga ukuxhaswa ngokuqhubekayo ngokwezimali ekuqeqesheni izisebenzi, imali enikezwa umphakathi, nokuhlolwa. Izinhlelo eziningi zincike kakhulu futhi ziphoqelelwe ukuba zithembele ezinkondlweni ezimfushane ezivimbela ukwakhiwa kobuhlobo obude. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo sezinkonzo zokusekela impilo yengqondo (ikakhulukazi) (ngokuvamile sidlula amandla. Odokotela base-2021 bathola ukuthi 72% ababikwa ukuthi abaxhasi abanele ukuze bahlangabezane nemigomo yesimiso.

Izingxabano Zezombangazwe Nezemibono Ephambene

Izinyathelo ezisekelwe emphakathini zingaba yiziphazamiso. Abanye abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi zimelela uhlobo oluthile lobunjiniyela bezenhlalo obuphazamisa inkululeko yemibono. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi bathambile kakhulu futhi abaluxazululi usongo olubangelwa amaphekula ahleliwe. Ukulinganisela inkululeko yomphakathi nokulondeka kuyinto ehlala ikhona. Izinhlelo ezingenayo izinhlelo ezicacile zengozi zihlasela, lapho ukuvimbela izimoto ukuba ziqashelwe.

Ukuchaza Impumelelo

Akukho ukuvumelana kulokho okuhlanganisa uhlelo lwe-CBCT oluphumelelayo. Ingabe inani lama-pareterral? Lincishisiwe izinga lobugebengu? Isimo sengqondo? Ukwehluleka ukumisa i-metrics ezicacile kuholela ebunzimeni bokusekela ukuqhubekeka kwezimali. Abaxhasi bavame ukusekela izilinganiso zokuhlobanisa i-CBCT. Zifana nobudlelwane obungcono bomphakathi noma ukubika okwandayo ngokukhathazeka . kodwa lokhu kunzima ukulinganisela ukuzwa ngokuhlelwa kwemali.

Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Yokusebenzisa Imisebenzi

Icebo neMiphakathi

Izinhlelo eziklanywe ekuthintaneni nezindawo ezisebenza kuzo zithambekele ekubhekaneni nokumelana okuncane. Izimo ezihambisanayo .Njengoba izakhamuzi zisiza ekuhleleni imigomo, imisebenzi, kanye nokuhlola imibandela . "nyuseni] ubunikazi nokubaluleka. Ngokwesibonelo, i-patting for Conflict and Crime Studies (PCS) eBirmingham ihlanganisa amabhodi omphakathi anamandla phezu kwezakhi ezithile zohlelo.

Ukuhileleka Ezinhlanganweni Zezenhlalo

Isimiso sokuxosha akwenzeki esimweni esiphansi; ngokuvamile sihambisana nezinye izinkinga ezinjengokugula ngengqondo, ukungasebenzi, noma ukungahleleki komkhaya. Izinhlelo zeCBCT ezinikeza ukusekela kwezifo zengqondo (iseluleko sezempilo sezengqondo), iseluleko semisebenzi, usizo lwezindlu, izimpande zendlu zibangela ngokuphumelelayo kunalezo ezigxile kuphela emfundisweni. Izinhlangano zezinhlangano zezempilo yomphakathi kanye nabasizi benkonzo yezenhlalakahle zibalulekile.

Ukubona Ingaphandle Nokuqondisa

Ukuze kugcinwe usemthethweni, izinhlelo kumelwe zibe sobala ngezindlela zazo, ukusetshenziswa kokwaziswa, kanye nemiphumelo. Izindikimba zobubonisi ezingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi inkululeko yomphakathi iyahlonishwa. I-Uconpendent Review of Terrorism Legastication[ njalo ikhipha imibiko nge-Prevention, eye yaholela ezinguqulweni zenqubo. Izimiso ezinjalo zokwenza ulandiso lwesinqumo zakha ukuqiniseka emphakathini.

Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo

Ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo, usebenzisa kokubili izindlela zokulinganisa nezokuthuthukisa, kuvumela izinhlelo ukuba zilawuleke futhi zithuthukise. Ukulingwa okungalawuleki kuqabukela kulendawo ngenxa yokukhathalela kwezimiso zezimiso, kodwa ukuhlobana kwezindawo eziseduze kunganikeza ukuqonda okuwusizo. Izinhlelo kufanele zizimisele ukuyeka amasu abonakala engasizi noma eyingozi.

Iziyalezo Zesikhathi Esizayo

Njengoba usongo lwendawo lushintsha-shintsha ngokukhula kwe-panethi yokuhlasela okusheshayo, ukuhlasela kwe-amen-antact, kanye nemibono eguquguqukayo eguquguqukayo yezehlakalo-inguquko . Izinhlelo ezisekelwe kuyi-community-octal. Ukuvimbela ukufunda nokuxhumana nge-inthathi kuya ngokuya kuba okubaluleke kakhulu. i-FUP]uman Commission’s Religionation Awarence Network (RAN) isebenzise imithombo yemali ekheliziwe yabazali nabafundisi ukuze imelane inkulumo - mbumbulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyaqaphela ukuthi i-CBCTCCT kudinga ukusingatha zonke izinhlobo ze-RCT, kuhlanganise nezindawo ezifanele, hhayi nje i-Islam, ukuze kugwenywe ukucwala ubandlululo.

Enye indlela ethembisayo ukuhlanganiswa kokunakekelwa okubangelwa ukukhubazeka. Abantu abaningi abafuna ukubhekana nezingozi baye babhekana buhlungu bomuntu siqu − ngempi, ukuthatha indawo, ukuxhashazwa. I-Trauma-remponsive CBCT ingasiza ekusingatheni izimbangela ezingokwengqondo zentukuthelo nokungathembani. Izinhlelo zokuhamba ngendiza eJalimane naseSweden zihlola lendlela ababaleki abayisebenzisayo.

Isiphetho

Izinhlelo ezisekelwe emphakathini ezilwa nobuphekula aziyona ikhambi, kodwa zinikeza ukulingana okungcono nokungaqiniswa kakhulu kwezinyathelo zomphakathi. Uma zisetshenziswa ngobudlelwane obuqotho bomphakathi, iziqondiso zezimiso ezicacile, nemithombo eyanele, zinganciphisa ingozi yokuzinza kuyilapho ziqinisa ukuhlaselana kwezenhlalo. Ubufakazi obungcono kakhulu busikisela ukuthi ukuthembana nokungenela kwakuqala kuyasebenza, kodwa kuphela uma zingabhekwa njengezinsimbi zokuqapha. Njengoba izizwe zizama ukusongela okuphikelelayo, ukutshala izinhlelo [1] ngokuhlola nokuthuthukisa okuqinile kwendlela engokwenhlalo. Isilinganiso sokuphumelela akubonisi nje kuphela ukuphumelela kokuhlasela, kodwa ukuba khona kwemiphakathi lapho ubudlova bungasathandeki.