Izimiso zomsindo zibalulekile ekulondolozeni ukuthula nokuhleleka emiphakathini. Ukuqonda amalungelo akho ngokuphathelene nomsindo nempahla kungakusiza ukuba ulawule izingxabano futhi uqinisekise indawo yokuhlala evumelanayo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumninikhaya, umninindlu, umnini-metant, noma umqondisi webhizinisi, ukwazi imithetho yendawo elawula amazinga omsindo engakusindisa ezimpikiswaneni ezibizayo, ikhanda elingokomthetho, kanye nobuhlobo obuqinile nomakhelwane. Lesiqondiso esibanzi sinwebeka izisekelo eziyisisekelo zezimiso zomsindo, sihlola ukugqamisa amalungelo empahla, futhi sinikeze izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuxoxa ngezindaba zomsindo ngokuphumelelayo.

Iyini Imithetho Enengqondo?

Imithetho yengxolo iyimithetho ebekwe ohulumeni bendawo yokulawula amazinga omsindo ophakeme. Lemithetho ihlela ukunciphisa iziphazamiso ezingathinta izinga lokuphila kwezakhamuzi. Imithetho ye-Noise ingahluka kakhulu ukusuka kwenye indawo kuya kwenye, kodwa ngokuvamile imisa imingcele ye-decibel, imingcele yosuku, nemithombo yomsindo evumelekile. Amahlelo adala lemithetho ngaphansi kwamandla awo okuvikela impilo yomphakathi, ukuphepha, nenhlalakahle. I-U.S. Provincial Protection Agency (EPA) iye yanikeza iziqondiso ngokomlando ezingoko-mgangatho omukelekayo, kodwa i-mthetho cishe isendaweni ekhona ngokuphelele. Ungabukeza i-EPA’s imithombo yokungcola engoko ngokomthetho.

Izimiso eziningi zomsindo zihlelwe “umuntu onengqondo” ngokwesilinganiso, qha qha, ukuthi yini umuntu ovamile angayithola iphazamisa. Eminye imiphakathi ithatha indlela yokungena kwe-“bunerry”, lapho noma yimuphi umsindo ophazamisa injabulo ejabulisayo yempahla wenqatshelwa khona uma uqhubeka isikhathi esithile. Ukuqonda lomqondo wesisekelo kusiza abanikazi bempahla nabaqashi bazi ukuthi bangakhononda nini noma bangaphula nini ngokwabo.

Imithombo Evamile Yomsindo Wokukhononda

Umsindo uvela emisebenzini eminingi yansuku zonke. Ukuqaphela lemithombo evamile kusiza abantu ukuba babone izinkinga ezingase zikhule ngaphambi kokuba zikhule.

  • Imisebenzi yokuhlela - umshini onzima, imishini, namathuluzi kagesi asebenza kakhulu emini kodwa angaziphazamisa izakhamuzi eziseduze, ikakhulukazi uma imisebenzi ihamba isikhathi eside kunalokho okulindelekile.
  • Umculo noma amaphathi – umsindo okhulisiwe, izibas, kanye nomsindo wesixuku kuvame ukubangela izingxabano, ikakhulukazi ebusuku kakhulu.
  • Umsindo we-Traffic - Imigwaqo emikhulu, izitimela, nezikhumulo zezindiza ziyimithombo emikhulu, kodwa ngisho nemigwaqwe ehlala abantu enezithuthuthu noma imishini elungisiwe ingabangela ukucasuka okungapheli.
  • [[[I] Izilwane ezifuywayo ezifuywayo - - ukugxuma kwezinja, ukubhonga, noma izinyoni ezishayayo, ikakhulukazi uma zingaqashwa amahora amaningi, ziyimbangela ephambili yokukhononda komakhelwane.
  • Imisebenzi ye-Industrust - amafektha, izinqolobane, nezindawo zokulungisa ikhiqiza imisindo yemishini, izinhlabamkhosi, kanye nomsindo ongathi uhambe unqamule imigqa yempahla.
  • Imishini yeHVAC - iziphephetha moya, izimpompo zokushisa, izinjini zokuphehla ugesi, namapayipi echibi ngokuvamile adala amabhubhu anciphileyo okungavinjelwa.
  • [ amathuluzi enziwe ngendwangu nangasese – izivuvuli zamaqabunga, izintambo, izindophi, namaketanga ayimithombo yomsindo emikhulu.

Ukuqonda umthombo kusiza ekunqumeni ukuthi umthetho osebenza kanjani. Ngokwesibonelo, umsindo wokwakha ungase uvunyelwe ngokuqondile phakathi namahora athile, kuyilapho umsindo wesilwane ophikelelayo ungase wehle ngaphansi kwemithetho evamile ecasulayo.

Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho

Njengemnikazi wempahla noma indawo, unamalungelo athile ngokuphathelene nokuphazamisa umsindo. Lamalungelo avela emthethweni wempahla, iziqondiso zomnikazi wempahla, nemithetho yendawo. Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa amalungelo abanikazi bempahla nalawo abaqashi, njengoba izinqubo zokuqinisekisa lawomalungelo zihlukile.

Amalungelo Abanikazi Bempahla

Abanikazi bempahla banelungelo lokujabulela indawo yabo ngokuthula. Lesi simiso somthetho esivamile sisho ukuthi bangasebenzisa futhi bahlale endaweni yabo ngaphandle kokuphazamisa okungenangqondo kwabanye. Amalungelo akhethekile ahlanganisa:

  • Ilungelo lokujabulela impahla yakho ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka okungafanele okuphazamisa kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwayo.
  • Ilungelo lokubika izikhalo zomsindo ezikhulwini zendawo futhi lilindele ukugcinwa kwamaphoyisa.
  • Ilungelo lokufuna ukuxhumana noma ukuthatha isinyathelo esingokomthetho uma izingxoxo zingaphumeleli.
  • Ilungelo lokuguqula impahla yakho (isib., faka ukuvikela umsindo) njengesilinganiso sokuzivikela.

Nokho, abanikazi bempahla nabo banemithwalo yemfanelo. Uma imisebenzi yabo ibangela umsindo oweqisayo − njengokuqhuba ibhizinisi lasekhaya ngemishini emikhulu noma ukumema imibuthano emikhulu njalo — bangabhekana nenkokhelo nokumangalelwa. Ukwazi ukulinganisela phakathi kwenkululeko yomuntu siqu nezindinganiso zomphakathi kuyisihluthulelo.

Amalungelo Abameleli

Abaqashi banelungelo elifanayo lokuthula injabulo njengabanikazi, kodwa ngokuvamile kumelwe basebenzele ezindaweni zabo ukusingatha izindaba zomsindo ezisuka kwezinye izingxenye noma ezindaweni ezivamile. Izivumelwano eziningi zokuqasha zihlanganisa izigaba ezifuna abaqashi ukuba bagweme ukwenza inkathazo. Uma umsindo kamakhelwane uphula imvume, umnini-famu kumelwe enze isenzo sokuphoqelela. Futhi unelungelo lokubiza amaphoyisa noma ukubekelwa imithetho ngokuqondile ngenxa yokuphula imithetho yendawo. Ezinye izivumelwano zivumela abaqashi ukuba badende intela noma baqede uma izimo zomsindo zenza i-otamkhandiki ibe yi-Atmarket, kodwa lena inseleleko yokugcina edinga ubufakazi obubhaliwe futhi izingxoxo ezingokomthetho. Okunye futhi kufanele kwenziwe ngelungelo eliyishumi lomsindo, [[FLD:] no] i-encyclopedia yomthetho.

Umsindo Wasendaweni

Imithetho yomsindo yendawo isho amazinga omsindo amukelekayo phakathi nezikhathi ezihlukene zosuku. Lezi zimiso zivame ukuhlukanisa umsindo ube yizinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, njengezindawo zokuhlala, ezentengiselwano, nezimboni. Ukuqonda ukuthi isiphi isigaba sempahla yakho esiwela ngaphansi kwe-(/futhi isiphi isigaba somsindo esibalulekile ku-$isokunquma ukuthi uphukile yini.

Ukuphazanyiswa Kwemisindo

Imithetho yomsindo elawula umsindo ngokuvamile ivimbela amazinga omsindo phakathi namahora asebusuku ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izakhamuzi zingalala ngokuthula.

  • Ukulinganisela umculo onomsindo ngemva kwe - 10 PM (noma 11 PM kwezinye izindawo) kuze kube ngu - 7 noma 8 AM.
  • Ukunciphisa umsindo wokwakha ngezimpelasonto nangamaholide, ngokuvamile ngemva kwesikhathi sokuqala (isib. 9, NGUM esikhundleni sika - 7 GE).
  • Ukukhipha umsindo owenziwe nge - alpicent ovela ezikhulumini zangaphandle ngalé kwesilinganiso esithile se - decibel (ngokuvamile u - 50 - 60 dB ohlwini lwempahla).
  • Ukubekela izakhiwo eziningi zemikhaya amahora athile athulile (isib. 10, 10 PM kuya ku - 8 MEM ezindlini zokuhlala).

Amadolobha amaningi agcizelela futhi “ukuphoqelela umsindo” uma kunikezwa uphakamiso (njengomumondi) ophikelela imizuzu engaphezu kweminingana, ngisho noma ingaba phezulu kakhulu, kuba ukwephula umthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, umthetho womsindo weSan Francisco wenqabela“ okungadingekile, okungadingekile, nomsindo ongavamile” odlula ama-dBA phakathi kwe-10 PM ne-7 AM ezindaweni zokuhlala. Hlola uhlelo lwe-masipala yendawo yakho ngezibalo eziqondile; isiqalo esihle siwumthetho we-Ofrence America [[[FLT:]]

Imithetho Yezentengiselwano Nezezimboni

Izakhiwo zezentengiselwano nezimboni zingase zibe nemithetho yomsindo engafani, ngokuvamile evumela amazinga omsindo aphakeme phakathi namahora ebhizinisi. Nokho, lemithetho isahlose ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwezindawo zokuhlala eziseduze.

  • Imvume yokuthola ama - dB angu - 70 emini ezindaweni ezithengiselwayo, kodwa yehlela ku - 55-60 dB ngemva kwe - 10 PM.
  • Izindawo zezimboni zifuna ukuba kufakwe izithiyo zomsindo noma ama - mpresso emishinini.
  • Ukuthunga leso sikhungo sokulayisha nemishini yokuhlanganisa udoti kusebenza phakathi namahora athile kuphela.
  • Ukumisa imingcele yokunyakaza ukuze kwenziwe izinto ezingalimaza izakhiwo eziseduze.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izici zezentengiselwano nezimboni ngokuvamile zingaphansi kwezimiso zomsindo wendawo ezungezile ezivela ezinhlanganweni ezinjenge-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) ukuze kuphephe izisebenzi, kodwa lezozindinganiso zihlukene kakhulu nemithetho yomsindo yomphakathi. Ukuze zingene kakhulu ekuvumeni umsindo kwezezezimboni, ikhasi lomsindo linikeza isiqondiso sobuchwepheshe.

Indlela Yokusingatha Umsindo Okhonondayo

Uma uzwa umsindo omkhulu ovela kumakhelwane noma ebhizinisini eliseduze, kunezinyathelo ongazithatha ukuze uxazulule le ndaba.

Isinyathelo 1: Khuluma Umsindo Ophazamisayo

Izincwadi ezinembile ziwumgogodla wanoma isiphi isikhalo somsindo. Ngaphandle kwawo, iziphathimandla nezinkantolo azenze lutho. Imibhalo yakho kufanele ihlanganise:

  • Usuku nesikhathi sesenzakalo ngasinye, kuhlanganise nesikhathi.
  • Uhlobo lomsindo (isimo, i - bass wind, i - sands, inja ikhala njalo imizuzu engu - 30).
  • Ukufunda i - decibel uma une - app yomsindo (evezwe kahle uma kungenzeka).
  • Izimo zezulu (umoya ungaqhubeka nomsindo; imvula ingase iyifihle).
  • Noma iziphi ofakazi noma izinto eziqoshiwe (bheka imithetho yendawo evumelana nemvume yokuqopha eqoshiwe).
  • Imizamo yokuxhumana nomthombo womsindo.

Yenza uhlelo lwe-log okungenani isonto elilodwa kuya kwelibili ukuze wenze indlela. Izimiso eziningi zidinga ubufakazi bomsindo ophindaphindwayo noma othatha isikhathi eside, hhayi isenzakalo esisodwa esinomsindo.

Isinyathelo Sesibili: Khuluma Nomthombo Womsindo

Uma uzizwa ulondekile futhi ukhululekile, sondela kumuntu noma ebhizinisini ngokuqondile. Ngokuvamile, abantu abaqapheli ukuthi imisebenzi yabo ikhathaza abanye. Sebenzisa i- “I” izinkulumo zokuveza indlela umsindo okuthinta ngayo."Nginenkinga yokulala uma umculo udlala iPM edlulile kwe-11” (-"i-rather kune-accounting . Uma umsindo uvela kumakhelwane, iphani elinobungane lingasebenza, kodwa ukubheka ubuso bungakhulu ukuxoxa kungcono kakhulu.

Isinyathelo 3: Kuyikhomba Iziphathimandla Zendawo

Uma ukuxhumana okuqondile kwehluleka noma umsindo ungekho emthethweni futhi unobudlova (umz., umncintiswano waMaMGU odlula ama-80 dB), thintana namaphoyisa angenakho ukuqagela noma umsindo wedolobha lakho. Yenza amaxwebhu akho. Amaphoyisa anganikeza isaziso endaweni uma bebona ukwephulwa. Izimpikiswano eziphikelelayo, amadolobha amaningi anehhovisi elinikezelwe lokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwemithetho elandela iziboshwa eziphindiwe.

Isinyathelo 4: Cabangela Izinkonzo Zokulungisa

I-media ingu-odactation ephansi, eyimfihlo enkantolo. Omasipala abaningi banikeza izinhlelo zomphakathi noma ungaqasha umlamuleli womphakathi. Bobabili abathathi-mkhakha bahlangana nengxenye yesithathu engathathi hlangothi ukuze bazwane nesivumelwano − njengokuhlela amahora edili, ukufaka amabala, noma ukumisa izikhulumi. I-Mediation iwusizo kakhulu ezimpikiswaneni zomakhelwane lapho ubuhlobo bubalulekile. Uma uphumelela, ungahlela isivumelwano ekubhaleni phansi.

Isinyathelo 5: Uma kudingeka, hlela Isinyathelo Esingokomthetho

Uma konke okunye kwehluleka, kukhona amakhambi angokomthetho. Lokhu kungahilela ukusho okuncane kwenkantolo ukuthi ifuna ukulimala (jengesibonelo, ukuqwasha, ukulahlekelwa iholo lokuqasha) noma umyalo wokunqanda umsindo. Buza ummeli wempahla ukuze uhlole icala lakho. Qaphela ukuthi inkantolo ingaba inselele yesikhathi futhi ibize, ngakho kufanele ibe inselele yokugcina.

Indima Yeziphathimandla Zendawo

Iziphathimandla zendawo − izikhulu, ukugcinwa kwemithetho, kanye nezindawo zomthetho-mthetho − zinomthwalo wokumisa imithetho yomsindo. Ukusabela kwazo kuyahluka-hluka ngezindawo nangemithombo. Izenzo zokuqinisekisa ukuthi isebenza zihlanganisa:

  • Ukuxwayisa izaphula - mthetho, ngokuvamile okunesaziso esibhaliwe.
  • Abantu abaholayo noma amabhizinisi aphula imithetho yomsindo; amasheya angaqala ku - R250 kuya ku - R110 000 umuntu ngamunye anecala.
  • Izinyathelo zokukhipha umsindo, njengokwakha uthango, ukufaka izinsimbi zomsindo, noma izinto zokulungisa umsindo.
  • Ukuphinda ucele izincwadi zokugunyaza (ukwephula, kodwa kungenzeka ngabaphula ngamahlalakhona).

Kwamanye amadolobha, izikhalazo zomsindo zisingathwa umnyango othile (isimo, uMnyango Wendawo Ezungezile eDolobheni laseNew York). Izikhulu zingasebenzisa amamitha omsindo asebenza kahle ukuqinisekisa ukuphulwa komsindo. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi inkampani elawula indawo yakini. Vikela ihholo ledolobha lakho noma uhlole ingosi kamasipala uma kunesikhalo se-chweba. Izindawo eziningi manje zivumela ukuba zibika ngezithombe nangezithombe zevidiyo.

Ukucatshangelwa Ngokomthetho

Uma izikhulu zendawo zingaxazululi izikhalo zomsindo noma ukuxhumana, abantu bangase bacabange ukuthatha isinyathelo esingokomthetho. Kubalulekile ukuqonda izimpikiswano zomsindo ezingokomthetho. Izinkolelo ezivamile ezingokomthetho ezisetshenziswa ezicini zomsindo yilezi:

  • - isicefe sangasese sidinga ukubonisa ukuthi umsindo uyisici futhi awucabangeli, uphazamisa ukusetshenziswa kwakho nenjabulo yempahla. Ungafuna umonakalo noma isiyalo.
  • 'i-Trespas - kuyaqabukela ezimweni zomsindo, kodwa uma umsindo unyakazisa impahla yakho noma uphazamisa inhlabathi (umz., ngokushayela inqwaba), icebo lokuphambuka lingase lisebenze.
  • NOGRIGECE-- – uma umthombo womsindo wawungenangqondo (umz., ungasagcini izintambo), ungasho ukuthi awunakwa, kodwa izingozi zivame ukuba nzima.

Ngaphambi kokuqupha inkantolo, qoqa wonke amaxwebhu, kuhlanganise ne-log yomsindo, izithombe, izibalo ze-decibel, imibiko yamaphoyisa, nanoma iziphi izincwadi. Bonana nommeli ofaka umthetho wempahla noma umthetho wendawo. Izifundazwe eziningi zinemithetho elinganiselayo yokuvimbela izikhangiso ezicasulayo (cishe iminyaka emibili kuya kwemihlanu). Zicabangela futhi ukukhokha izindleko: inkantolo encane ingasingatha isilinganiso esithile semali (anje $5 000 000 000 000) ngaphandle kommeli, kodwa umyalo ofuna umakhelwane ukuba avimbele umsindo ungadinga inkantolo ephakeme.

Ukuze uthole umbono obanzi ngokomthetho, i-Cornell Legal Information Institute ecasulayo inikeza incazelo ecacile yezimiso zomthetho ezivamile.

Isiphetho

Ukuqonda amalungelo akho ngokuphathelene nomsindo nempahla kubalulekile ekulondolozeni indawo enokuthula. Zijwayeze iziqondiso zomsindo wendawo, iziphazamiso zezincwadi, futhi unganqikazi ukuthatha isinyathelo uma kudingekile. Ngokutshelwa, ungawasekela ngokuphumelelayo amalungelo akho futhi unikele emphakathini onokuthula. Khumbula ukuthi izimpikiswano zomsindo azivamile ukuxazululwa ngokuphazima kweso. Zidinga ukubekezela, ukugcinwa kahle kwemibhalo, nokuzimisela ukusebenzisa kokubili imizila yomsindo, nokuhleleka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumninikhaya obhekene nendawo yokwakha eseduze komnyango noma umakhelwane ophethe isango elikhulu, amathuluzi abekwe kulesiqondiso akunike imapu ewusizo. Qalisa ngokufunda umthetho wakho wendawo, bese uthatha isinyathelo sokuqala: umbhalo, ucingo, umakhelwane, futhi uma kudingeka, umsindo wedolobha lakho.