Ukuqonda Amalungelo Akho Omthetho - sisekelo: Isiqondiso Esiyinselele

Amalungelo akho omthetho-sisekelo awayona incazelo engekho ngokomthetho-mfashini, kodwa angamathuluzi asebenzayo avikela inkululeko yakho, uyimfihlo, nesithunzi nsuku zonke. Ngokukhuluma ngezokuxhumana nomphakathi kuya ekwaleni ukufunwa okungekho emthethweni, lamalungelo alo athonya indlela osebenzelana ngayo nohulumeni nomphakathi. Nokho izakhamuzi eziningi ziyawazi amaqoqo avamile kuphela. Lesiqondiso siyophula ilungelo ngalinye elikhulu, sichaze imingcele yaso nendlela yangempela yokusebenza, futhi sikubonise indlela yokuwaqinisa ngokuphumelelayo. Ulwazi ngalamalungelo luyindlela yakho yokuqala yokuvikela.

Idwala Lenkululeko YaseMelika

UMthetho-sisekelo ukhona ekulinganiseleni amandla kahulumeni nenkululeko elondekile. Abameli, abaxwayi ngobushiqela ababelwe nabo, baklama isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela bese benezela iBill of Rights ukuvikela ngokucacile inkululeko eyisisekelo. Ngaphandle kokuqonda lezizivikelo, awunakuzibeka izikhulu ezilandisayo noma uzimelele. Izinkantolo zichaza amalungelo omthetho-mfashini phakathi namakhulu eminyaka ekwakhekeni, kodwa umbhalo ngokwawo uhlala uyisiqalo sazo zonke iziphakamiso. Ukuze ubheke ngokunzulu izincwadi zokuqala kanye neziphendulo, vakashelani uMthetho womthetho weZinkombazwe

UMthetho - sisekelo Wase - United States Neziphendu Zawo

Ngo-1788, uMthetho-sisekelo wamisa uhlelo lwamagatsha amathathu kahulumeni. Inguquko yokuqala eyishumi ye-Bill of Rights yagunyazwa ngo-1791 ngemva kwempikiswano enkulu. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, kuye kwenezelwa ezinye iziphendu ze-17, kuhlanganise nesiqinisekiso seSichibiyelo se-14 sesivikelo esilinganayo nenqubo efanelekile, kamuva eyandisa iMithetho yeGiviko yamaLungelo ezwe neyohulumeni bendawo. Ukuqonda ukuthi inguquko ye-Dintellimentements ibaluleke kanjani. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Creatences Procession ye-Dray ye-14 ye-“incorporate" i-Bill of Rights Revicesssss joint, ngakho ilungelo lakho lokukhuluma ngenkululeko lisebenza kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usesiqinisweni sombuso noma umhlangano we-hulumeni noma umkhamuzi.

Isiqinisekiso Samalungelo Abantu Esiya Eqolo

  • Isichibiyeli sokuqala [: sivikela inkolo, inkulumo, umshini, umhlangano, nelungelo lokucela uhulumeni.
  • [[UMTH:0] ISichibiyelo esihlangene: sivikela ilungelo lokugcina nokuphatha izingalo.
  • ISichibiyelo esiphindiwe: Amasosha athatha ingxenye yesine yesithathu yezindlu zangasese ngaphandle kwemvume phakathi nesikhathi sokuthula.
  • Isichibiyeli seNguquko yesine[: Uqaphe ukusesha okungacabangeki nokuquleka; kudinga izimvume ezisekelwe ekubangeleni okungenzeka.
  • Isichibiyeli se-pith: Inikeza ukumangalelwa okukhulu kwamajaji, isivikelo engozini ephindwe kabili nasekuzichaseni, inqubo efanele, nembuyiselo ngokuthatha.
  • Isichibiyeli se-Inqulu-mthetho : Siqinisekisa ukuqulwa kwecala okusheshayo nokusobala, ukungakhethi, ukuqaphela ukumangalelwa, ukuphikisana kofakazi, inqubo ephoqelelwe, nosizo lweseluleko.
  • Isichibiyeli seshumi nanhlanu: Ulondoloza ilungelo lokuqulwa kwecala lokwahlulela emacalani omphakathi adlula amaR20.
  • Isichibiyeli sobubanzi: Ibheyili yebheyili ephakeme, amafashi eqile, nesijeziso sonya nesingajwayelekile.
  • Isichibiyeli seNqanda: i-States ukuthi uhlelo lwamalungelo athile ngeke luphike noma luhlukanise abanye abantu.
  • Isichibiyeli seTenteth : Izindawo zokuvikela aziphathiswa uhulumeni kahulumeni ezifundazweni noma kubantu.

Lezi zinguquko eziyishumi ziwuhlaka lwamathambo enkululeko yaseMelika, kodwa ngayinye iye yalolongwa amakhulu eminyaka okuthi ihlaziywe. izingxenye ezingezansi zihlola amalungelo avame ukubizwa ngokuningiliziwe.

Ukuchazwa Kwamalungelo Ayinhloko Omthetho - sisekelo

Inkululeko Yokukhuluma Neyokubonakaliswa

ISichibiyelo sokukhuluma sokuqala sivame ukunikeza isivikelo sokuqala lapho izakhamuzi ziphikisana neziphathimandla. Asivikeli nje kuphela amazwi akhulunywayo kodwa futhi sivikela nenkulumo elotshiwe, izenzo ezingokomfanekiso (njengefulege elishiswayo), kanye ne-(_online) yenkulumo. Nokho, iNkantolo Ephakeme iqaphele izigaba zenkulumo ezithola isivikelo esincane noma esingenayo: ukukhuthaza ukuthatha isinyathelo sokungabi namthetho, izinsongo zeqiniso, ukuhlamba (abantu ngabanye ngokunganaki, noma ngemifanekiso esobala ewukuthuntuthule), ukuhlamba, nokulwa kwamagama. Isibonelo, [[FFLT:] Branburg v.[[2] [FLT]] [eyesk:] [1], iNkakhululo yezindaba zamuva], lapho uvikelwa ngemvume yokukhuluma.[Fosenzile]

Ukulinganiselwa Okuvamile Ekukhulumeni

  • Isikhathi, indawo, nendlela evimbela ngayo[: Uhulumeni angalawula isikhathi nendawo lapho inkulumo iqala khona (umz., akukho umsindo okhulisiwe ngemva kwe 10 p.m.) uma imithetho ikhona ekhona ngaphandle kwe-intshinga futhi ishiya imikhondo evulekile.
  • Inkulumo yezisebenzi zobuGosa[: Izisebenzi zomphakathi zilinganiselwe amalungelo okukhuluma uma zikhuluma njengengxenye yomsebenzi wazo; inkulumo yangasese ezindabeni zomphakathi iyavikelwa.
  • ukulondeka kwesizwe: Ukwaziswa okungahlukaniswa nosongo lokuphepha kwesizwe kungalinganiselwa, kodwa umugqa uyancishwa.

Ilungelo Lokugcina Nokuthwala Izikhali

ISichibiyelo Sesibili simemezela: “ISiphendulo Sesibili esilawulwa kahle iMilitia, njengoba idingekile ekulondekeni kukaHulumeni okhululekile, ilungelo labantu lokugcina nokuphatha Izikhali, ngeke lishaywe.” Cishe emakhulwini amabili eminyaka, iNkantolo Ephakeme yanikeza isiqondiso esincane. Khona - ke iSiphendulo sikaColumbia. [[FLT] [[FLT:] [FLT] [1] [ikhulu] [2001] [ilungelo] [iSikhulu] [ikhulu] [iSikhulu], iNkathi inqume ukuthi iSiphetho sivikela ilungelo lomuntu lokuba nesizwe somuntu ngamunye, nelungelo lokuzigodlobophayo kanye nezikhali ezisendleni zempini]. [Izingakathiwe izikhali ezingekho ngokomthetho eziqinile] [inkulu, futhi izikhali eziqinile, izikhali ezingokomthetho zamanje, izikhali ezingokomthetho zamanje, izikhali, izikhali, futhi ingekhona.[FFo

Isivikelo Ekucwaningeni Nokukhohlisa Okungenangqondo

ISichibiyelo sesine sidinga ukuba ukuphenya nokuquleka kube okunengqondo. Ngokuvamile, lokho kusho ukuthi amaphoyisa kumelwe athole isiqinisekiso esisekelwe entweni okungenzeka ukuthi ibangela futhi achaze indawo okumelwe ihlolwe futhi kuthathwe izinto. Kodwa iNkantolo Ephakeme iye yaqaphela izinto eziningi ezihlukile: ukuphenya, izimo ezisobala, ukuphenya kwezimoto, ukuhlola, ukuhlola izenzakalo zokuboshwa, ukuvala imoto, ukuyeka nokushaya imoto (uma i-frisk (uma isikhulu sinokungabaza okunengqondo kobugebengu nengozi), ukuphenya, nokuhlola umngcele. Isihluthulelo siwukuthi ulindele “ukungalindele izinto zomuntu siqu.” Lokho akusebenzi ezintweni eziyekwa obala (njengengaphandle kwemoto) noma impahla eshiywe) ngaphandle kokuba ungayifuni, kungasetshenziswa ngokuvumayo. Nokho, uma ungayifuni ngokuvumayo, iNkancane kakhulu. “eNkakhulu leNkakhulu igwebo kungathi kuyi-FL: R.[FFFFF:]

Amalungelo Okumangalelwa: Izinqumo Zesihlanu Nezesithupha

Lapho umangalelwa ngobugebengu, iSichibiyelo sesihlanu sinikeza ilungelo lokuthula, isivikelo ezingozini eziphindwe kabili, nelungelo lokungaphoqelelwa ukuba uzenze indiva. Lokhu “kulungile ukuthula” kubaluleke kangangokuba amaphoyisa kumelwe akufunde iMirada[[FL:1] izixwayiso [[FLT]] [phambi kokubuza ngecala]. Uma zingaphoqelelwa ukuba ungazifaki. Iziphakamiso zesithupha zingavalwa. ISiphazamiso seSikhamiso siqinisekisa ukuququlwa okusheshayo nokuqulwa yijaji, ilungelo lokutshelwa amacala, ilungelo lokubhekana nofakazi, futhi ilungelo lokusebenzisa iseluleko sokulungisa. Uma ungayifaka isigwebo nje. Uma ungayitholi isigwebo. [kube unelungelo lokugwetshwa,] [kumiswe yi-Focental.[3]

Amalungelo Angaziwa Kancane Abalulekile

Ilungelo Lokunxusa Nokuhlangana

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela futhi ilungelo lokuhlangana ngokuthula nokucela uhulumeni ukuba alungise izikhalo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubhikisha, ukumasha, ngisho nezicelo ze-inthanethi. Ohulumeni bangafuna imvume yokuhlanganisa imibuthano emikhulu ukuze balawule izimoto nokuphepha, kodwa abanakuphika imvume esekelwe esigijimini. Ilungelo lokucela lisebenza ekuthintaneni nezikhulu ezikhethiwe, ukumangalela, nokuhlanganyela ezikhathini zokukhulumela obala. Uma ufuna ukuhlela ukubhikisha, imvume yokucwaninga yendawo kusene. Yazi ukuthi unelungelo lokubhala amaphoyisa ngenkathi yobhikisho, uma nje ungaziphazamisi imisebenzi yazo.

Ilungelo Lokuqulwa Icala Emasontweni Asemphakathini

ISichibiyelo seSember silondoloza ilungelo lokuqulwa kwecala labahluleli emacaleni ezakhamuzi lapho imali ephikisanayo idlula u-R220/imali encane ngo-1791, kodwa isimiso sisalokhu sikhona. Lokhu kusebenza ezinkantolo zikahulumeni; amanani awadingeki ukuba anikeze inkantolo yezejaji ze-offranti ngenxa yeziphakamiso zikahulumeni, kodwa amaningi ayadingeka. Uma umangalela othile ngecala elibi, ungafuna ukuba ikomiti evunayo. Amajaji anqumele.

Izinqumo Zesi - 9 Nezeshumi

ISichibiyelo se-Ninth sithi ukuhlelwa kwamalungelo athile akusho ukuthi awunawo amanye. Ngokwesibonelo, ilungelo lokufihla imfihlo ([FLT]] [[FLT]] [65]) futhi Raev.

Indlela Yokuvikela Amalungelo Akho Omthetho - sisekelo

Ukwazi amalungelo akho kuyingxenye yempi kuphela, futhi kumelwe uzimisele ukuwaqinisa. Nazi izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ongazithatha namuhla:

Yazi Imininingwane

Ngazisa izinkulumo eziyinhloko: “Ngisebenzisa ilungelo lami lokuthula. Ngifuna ummeli.”” “Angivumi ukusesha.” Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, kuyawuqonda umongo. Ukuhamba kuyama, ngokwesibonelo, kuvumela izikhulu ukuba zicele imvume nokubhalisa kodwa zingahloli imoto yakho ngaphandle kwemvume noma imbangela ngaphandle kokuba umiswe emgwaqweni, ungabekwa ngaphansi kwe- “Terry" uma isikhulu sinokungabaza okunengqondo ngobugebengu. Akufanele ukuba siphendule imibuzo ngaphandle kokuzichaza (esazi ukuthi siphethe noma sibambe isiphi isizathu. Uma umiswe emgwaqweni, ungabekwa ngaphansi kwe-'isikhulu esinensolo enengqondo yobugebengu.

Bhala Yonke Into

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho aphuliwe, bhala phansi usuku, isikhathi, indawo, amagama namanani amabheji ezikhulu, nanoma iziphi iziphi izikhulu. Gcina amavidiyo, izithombe, nezincwadi. Icala elibonisa ukukhaliswa kwezindaba zangaphakathi zenxusa. Ezimweni ezingathi sína, thinta ummeli wamalungelo abantu. Ukuphula umthetho okuningi kungalungiswa ngokumangalelwa ngaphansi kuka-42.S.C. . . .1998 1983 (owezezezezentengiselwano) noma [izenzo ze-BET:1] (zezezezezeze-projekthi eziphethe) zikahulumeni).

Hlala Unolwazi

Umthetho womthetho wezomthetho uyazivelela. Izinqumo zamuva zeNkantolo Ephakeme ziye zalungisa amalungelo ezibhamu, amalungelo okukhipha isisu, kanye nobukhulu beSichibiyelo sesine ezindaweni ze-amanani. Landela amabhukwana asemthethweni ahloniphekile anjenge-Volokh Conspracy noma SCUSBLOG[ ukuze ubhale kabusha.

Ukuhlanganyela Ekuphileni Kwesibili

Kunoma yiluphi ukhetho jwayeza-lonke `lodwa, lombuso, no-guvernel'. Yiba khona emihlanganweni yedolobha, izimemezelo zesikole, nama-orbustration. Xhumana nabameleli bakho ngezindaba ozikhathalelayo. Ilungelo lokucela liyintambo eqondile yokulawula. Uma uhlanganyela, usiza ekuchazeni izingxoxo zomphakathi futhi ubeke izikhulu icala.

Fundisa Abanye

Hlanganisa lo mqondisi nabangane, umkhaya, noma amaqembu omphakathi. Cabangela ukuzimisela ukuvota ngemoto noma ishabhu lakho le-offail. Izinhlangano ezinjenge-ACLU zineziqephu zokuqeqesha ukuthi zingabhala kanjani izenzakalo zamaphoyisa nokuthi yini okumelwe yenziwe phakathi nokubhikisha. Abantu abaningi baqonda amalungelo abo omthetho-sisekelo, lapho ukubusa ngentando yeningi kuba namandla kakhulu.

Isiphetho

Amalungelo oMthetho-sisekelo awazona izipho ezivela kuhulumeni ezizosuswa ngokuthanda. Ziyisivikelo sokwakha esizuzwe emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka sokulwa nokuqapha okungaguquguquki. Ngokuqonda umbhalo, umthetho wendaba, nezinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuqinisa amalungelo akho, uba isakhamuzi esinolwazi esikwaziyo ukuvikela hhayi inkululeko yakho kuphela kodwa nenkululeko yabanye. UMthetho-sisekelo ungethu sonke, siwusebenzise, futhi siwuvikele.