Isingeniso

Ubuhlobo phakathi kukahulumeni nabantu bakhe bakhiwa ngokulandelana kwamalungelo nemithwalo yemfanelo. Amalungelo nemisebenzi isakhiwo isisekelo senhlangano yentando yeningi, ikwazi abantu ukuba bahlanganyele ekuphileni komphakathi kuyilapho beqinisekisa ukuqina nokulunga kwesimiso. Kubantu, ukuqonda lemiqondo akuyona nje imfundo yemfundo; kubalulekile ekusebenziseni ithonya, ukuvikela inkululeko, futhi kuneqhaza ekuthuthukiseni okuhle. Lesihloko sinikeza ukucatshangelwa okubanzi kwamalungelo ezakhamuzi nemisebenzi, sihlola izincazelo zabo, izigaba, izinselele, izinselele zesikhathi esikhona, nezindlela ezisebenzayo zokukhuthaza isithembiso. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumvoti omusha, umfundi, noma umthathi wokuphila komphakathi, ukujulisa ulwazi lwakho lwalezimiso ukuze ube ilungu elingcono nelinolwazi lwendawo.

Ayini Amalungelo Asemthethweni?

Amalungelo e-Covic ayizibopho nesivikelo uhulumeni aqinisekisa izakhamuzi zakhe. Lamalungelo ahlanganiswe emithetho-sisekelo, imithetho, nezivumelwano zomhlaba wonke, futhi avikela abantu ekuphathweni uhulumeni kuyilapho enza ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo kwezezombangazwe, ngokwezenhlalo, nakwezezomnotho. Umqondo wamalungelo ezakhamuzi uye wavela emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, kusukela ezivumelweni zokuqala ezinjengeMagna Carta (1215) ezibhalweni zanamuhla ezinjenge- UMthetho Ongathathiwe hlangothi oluqinile lwenkululeko yomphakathi, yezenhlalo, neyezomnotho. Ukuqonda lamalungelo ayisinyathelo sokuqala sokukhuthaza nokuqaphela ukumiswa kwawo.

Amalungelo Ezombangazwe

Amalungelo ezombangazwe ahlobene ngokuqondile phakathi kwesakhamuzi nohulumeni waso. Ahlanganisa ilungelo lokuvota okhethweni, ilungelo lokusebenzela isikhundla somphakathi, nenkululeko yokuhlanganyela emikhankasweni yezombangazwe nezinhlangano. Lamalungelo aqinisekisa ukuthi abantu banezwi ekukhetheni abameleli babo nesimiso somphakathi. Eziningi zemibuso ezimeleyo yezombangazwe ziye zanwetshwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngezinhlangano zezombangazwe, kodwa imigoqo enjengemithetho ye-ID yomvoti, i-gerryderning, kanye nokulahla abantu ababeboshiwe ngaphambili iyaqhubeka iphikisana nezimpikiswano.

Amalungelo Omphakathi

Amalungelo omphakathi aqinisekisa ukutholakala kwezinkonzo ezibalulekile ezenza ukuphila kube nesithunzi. Lezi zihlanganisa ilungelo lemfundo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, indawo yokuhlala, nokulondeka komphakathi. Amalungelo omphakathi awayona nje intengo yokufisa; abophekile ngokomthetho emazweni amaningi ngamalungiselelo omthetho-sisekelo noma umthetho wezemfundo eyisisekelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ilungelo lokukhulula imfundo eyisisekelo liqashelwa emhlabeni wonke, kuyilapho ilungelo lokunakekela impilo lihlanganiswa ezimisweni zesizwe ezihlukahlukene. Ngaphandle kwalamalungelo, abantu abanakuhlanganyela ngokugcwele ekuphileni komphakathi, njengoba izidingo eziyisisekelo zimelwe zihlanganiswe ngaphambi kokuba izivumelwano zezombangazwe zitholakale.

Amalungelo Angokwesiko

Amalungelo empucuko avikela ikhono lomuntu ngamunye nemiphakathi lokulondoloza, ukwenza, nokuguqula indlela amasiko akhona. Lokhu kuhlanganisa inkululeko yokusebenzisa ulimi, ukuhlanganyela emasikweni amasiko, nefa lempucuko. Emiphakathini yezizwe, ihlonipha amalungelo empucuko kukhuthaza ukwahlukahluka nokufakwa. Nokho, lamalungelo angangqubuzana nezinye izimiso zomphakathi, njengalapho imikhuba engokwenkolo iphikisana nemithetho elwa nobandlululo. Ukuhlukanisa izingxabano ezinjalo kudinga ukuhlelwa ngokucophelela okungokomthetho nokubusa ngentando yeningi.

Amalungelo Ezomnotho

Amalungelo ezomnotho ahlanganisa inkululeko yokusebenza, impahla, ukwakha nokujoyina izinyunyana zezohwebo, nokuhlanganyela kwezentengiselwano. Lamalungelo abalulekile ukuze umuntu azimele futhi azimele ngokwezomnotho. Ilungelo lokuthola iholo elifanele nemibandela yokusebenza ephephile liyingxenye yaleli qembu. Emazweni amaningi, amalungelo ezomnotho avikelwa ngemithetho yemisebenzi, imithetho emelene nokuthembana, nangamanetha okuphepha. ILO (Inhlangano yezentengiselwano) ibeka izindinganiso zezizwe ngezizwe zonke zalamalungelo, kodwa ukugcinwa kuyahluka kakhulu.

Iyini Imisebenzi Ebolile?

Uma amalungelo eyilokho izakhamuzi ezingakulindela kuhulumeni, imisebenzi iyilokho okulindelwe ngumbuso ezakhamuzini. Imisebenzi ye-COVIC iyizibopho lezo, lapho zifezwa njengeqembu, ezisekela ukubusa kwentando yeningi nokuhleleka kwezenhlalo. Nakuba eminye imisebenzi igunyazwe ngokomthetho, eminye iyimathemba okuziphatha aqinisa izibopho zomphakathi. Imisebenzi yentando yeningi ingcono kakhulu uma izakhamuzi zayo zinikela ngenkuthalo ekunakekeleni kwayo.

Ukusanhlamvu

Ukuvota kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu womphakathi ngoba kunquma ngokuqondile ukuthi ubani ophethe amandla nendlela imithombo enikezwa ngayo. Nakuba ukuvota kuyilungelo, kubuye kuthwale umsebenzi wokuhlanganyela ngolwazi. Izakhamuzi kulindeleke ukuba zicwaninge futhi zifune izimpikiswano ngaphambi kokuvota. Umvoti ophansi ululaza ukufaneleka kwemiphumela yokukhetha futhi angaholela ekubuseni okuhlulekayo ukumelela abantu. Amazwe akhetha ngokusemthethweni, njengase-Australia, ngokuvamile abheka ukuthembisana okukhulu, kodwa ngisho nasezimisweni zokuzithandela, isibopho sokuziphatha sokuvota sihlala siqinile.

Ukulalela UMthetho

Imithetho inikeza isisekelo sokuthula. Ngokulalela imithetho yomgwaqo, imithetho yobugebengu, nemithetho yomphakathi, izakhamuzi zidala indawo elindelekile nelondekile. Nakuba abantu bengase bangafuni noma bafune ukushintsha imithetho ethile, umsebenzi ovamile wokulalela ubalulekile ukuze kugwenywe isiphithiphithi. Ukungalaleli komphakathi, uma kwenziwa ngaphandle kobudlova futhi ngezimbangela ezilungile, kuyindlela eqashelwayo yokubhikisha, kodwa kuhambisana nokwamukela imiphumela engokomthetho.

Ukukhokha Intela

Intela ixhasa izimpahla zomphakathi njengemigwaqo, izikole, amaphoyisa, nesivikelo. Umsebenzi wokukhokha intela uwumnikelo oqondile enhlalakahleni yenhlangano. Ukubalekela intela nokugwema ukuqeda amandla kahulumeni okunikeza izinkonzo nokushintshwa abakhokhi abathembekile. Izimiso zentela eziqhubekayo zizimisele ukusakaza lo msebenzi ngokulinganayo, kodwa izimpikiswano eziphathelene nentela, izikhala, nentela yenkampani ziyaqhubeka. Ukuqonda ukuthi intela isetshenziswa kanjani kuyisibopho somphakathi sokunikeza izinkonzo nokuzithengela umthwalo wemfanelo.

IJury Duty

Ukukhonza ejajini kuwumsebenzi okhethekile womphakathi obeka izakhamuzi ezivamile emnyombweni wenqubo yokwahlulela. Ilungelo lokuqulwa kwecala likhona kuphela uma izakhamuzi zizimisele ukukhonza. Umsebenzi kaJury uqinisekisa ukuthi izinqumo zomthetho zibonakalisa izindinganiso zomphakathi futhi hhayi nje intando yabahluleli. Nakuba kungathika, kuwuhlobo olunamandla lokuhlanganyela ngokuqondile ekubuseni. Imibuso eminingi ibeka izijeziso zokuhluleka ukusabela ezimemweni zejaji, igcizelela ukubaluleka kwazo.

Ukubaluleka Kwamalungelo Nemisebenzi

Ukuhlanganiswa kwamalungelo nemisebenzi akuyona nje into ecatshangelwayo; kunemiphumela yangempela yempilo yentando yeningi.

Amandla Nokuzisiza

Uma izakhamuzi ziwazi amalungelo azo, zingafuna ukuphathwa ngokufanele ezikhungweni. Ulwazi ngendlela yokuvota, indlela yokufaka isikhalo ngokumelene nenhlangano kahulumeni, noma indlela yokukhipha amarekhodi omphakathi inika abantu amandla okuphikisa ukuxhashazwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ulwazi ngemithetho yokuvota amalungelo lungasiza abavoti ukuba banqobe imizamo yokucindezela. Izinhlangano ezinjenge ACLU zinikeza imithombo yokufundisa izakhamuzi ngamalungelo azo nendlela yokuzisebenzisa.

Ukubambisana Nokwethembana Emphakathini

Ukufeza imisebenzi yomphakathi kwakha ukwethembana phakathi kwamalungu omphakathi. Uma abantu bekhokha izintela ngokwethembeka, bekhonza emajajini, futhi belandela imithetho, baneqhaza ekuthuthukiseni indlela yokuphila yobuqotho. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho imisebenzi inganakiwe, ukucasuka kwentela kuyakhula.

Ukulandisa Kwentando Yeningi

Amalungelo nemisebenzi ehlangene kwakha isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela phakathi kwezwe nabantu. Izakhamuzi ezivotayo futhi zihlale zinolwazi ezikhethiwe zinecala. Umsebenzi wokulawula izenzo zikahulumeni (ngokwesibonelo, ngenkululeko yokwaziswa) uvimbela ukonakala nokuxhashazwa. Ngaphandle kwesivumelwano sezakhamuzi, ohulumeni bangakhukhulekela ekubuseni ngempoqo noma ekungaphumelelini.

Isivikelo Samalungelo Ekwephulwa

Ukuqaphela amalungelo kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvikela ukuguguleka kwawo. Umlando ubonisa ukuthi amalungelo angancishiswa ngezikhathi zenhlekelele. Ngokwesibonelo, uMthetho we-USA PATRIOT ukwandisa amandla okuhlola ngemva kuka-99/11, ukhulisa ukukhathazeka kwenkululeko yomphakathi. Izakhamuzi eziqonda amalungelo azo zingahlela ukuphikiswa, ukuphikiswa, noma ukulwela izinguquko. Umsebenzi wokukhuluma ngokumelene nokuphambaniswa akuvikeli umuntu ngamunye kuphela kodwa nomphakathi wonke.

Izinselele Ezakhelwe Amalungelo Nemisebenzi

Naphezu kokubaluleka kwazo, amalungelo nemisebenzi yomphakathi kubhekene nezithiyo eziningi ezweni lanamuhla.

Ukunganaki Nokudumazeka Kwezinzwa

Izakhamuzi eziningi zinomuzwa wokuthi ukuvota kwazo akunandaba, ikakhulukazi ekuthatheni impumelelo noma lapho abafuna ukuphumelela bebonakala bengenakuhlukaniswa. Lokhu kukhungatheka kucindezela ukuqamba futhi kunciphisa ukufaneleka kwentando yeningi. Izinqubo zokubhalisa eziyinkimbinkimbi, ukuntuleka kokwaziswa, nokubhikisha okungakhisi nkinga. Imizamo yokwenza ukuvota kube lula kakhulu (ngokuthi ukubhalisa okuzenzekelayo, ukuvota kwasekuqaleni, nosizo lweposi), kodwa ukushintshwa kwamasiko kuyadingeka futhi ukuze kuvuselelwe ukholo esimisweni.

Ukufinyelela Ulwazi Nezigaba Zezinombolo

Ukusebenzisa amalungelo nokufeza imisebenzi kudinga ukwaziswa okunembile. Kodwa abantu abaningi abanakho ukukwazi ukuthola imithombo ethembekile mayelana nendlela uhulumeni osebenza ngayo, ukuthi obani abameleli babo, noma indlela yokuxhumana nabo. Ukwehlukana ngokwezinombolo kushiya amaqabunga aphansi emali etholakalayo kanye nabantu basemaphandleni ngaphandle kokuthola i-intanethi ye-intanethi edingekayo ukuze bahlanganyele kuma-interfactor i-forum noma bathole i-project. Ama-mistruction ayazididanisa izakhamuzi, okwenza ukuvota kube nzima. Izinhlelo zezokubhala nokuthengwa komphakathi kungawakha amakhambi.

Izithiyo Zokuhlanganyela

Izinkinga zezomnotho, impilo, nokuntula izinto zokuhamba kungavimbela abantu ekuvoteni, ekuyeni emahholo edolobha, noma ekukhonzeni emahholo ejaji. Ngokwesibonelo, izisebenzi eziningi ezithola imali ephansi azikwazi ukuthatha isikhathi sokuvota noma sokukhonza njengejaji, lapho imbuyiselo ngokuvamile incane khona. Imingcele ye-General ithinta amakhaya nemiphakathi ekude. Amakhambi ahlanganisa ukuvota kwasekuqaleni, ukuvota ngezimoto, nokukhokha ikhefu lemisebenzi yomphakathi, kodwa ukufezekisa akufani.

Ukucwasa Nokungalingani Kwezimiso

Amaqembu ahlukene-hlukeneyo (----arcial international , izakhamuzi, abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe, abantu abakhubazekile) futhi abantu abakhubazekile bavame ukubhekana nezithiyo zokusebenzisa amalungelo abo. Imithetho ye-Voter Id ithinta ngokungalinganini ngokuthinta izikhulumi ezimbalwa; imingcele yolimi inqabela izikhulumi ezingangeni-mfunda; futhi izindawo zokuhlola ezingafinyeleleki zisusa lemingcele ekhubazekile. Ukuxoxa ngalezi zindawo zidinga izinguquko, njengale [i-Voting Rights Act[FLT: 1] nokugcinwa kwazo okuqhubekayo. Isibopho sikahulumeni siwukususa lemingcele, kuyilapho umsebenzi wezakhamuzi udinga ukusekela imithetho egcwele.

Ukuthuthukisa Isivumelwano Sobunye

Ukuqinisa intando yeningi kudinga isinyathelo sangamabomu ukuze kuvuselelwe ukuthembisana ngomphakathi kuzo zonke izigaba.

Ukuthuthukisa Imfundo Yesibalo

Izikole ziyindawo engokwemvelo yokufundisa amalungelo nemisebenzi yomphakathi. Ngeshwa, izifundo eziningi zangemva kwesikole zigxila emaqinisweni angokomlando kunokuba zisebenzise amakhono. Imfundo yanamuhla yomphakathi kufanele ihlanganise nokhetho oluhlekisayo, imfaniso yezinqubo zomthetho, nezifundo zokuxhumana nabameleli. Izinhlangano ezinjenge zinikeza abafundisi nabafundi imithombo yamahhala. Isimiso semfundo ehleliwe singahlenganisa ulwazi lwezezombangazwe futhi sithuthukise ukuhlanganyela isikhathi eside.

Izimiso Ezisekelwe Emzakeni

Izenzo zendawo ezihlanganisa abantu nomakhelwane babo nohulumeni wendawo zingakha imikhuba yomphakathi. Izinsuku zokuzivocavoca, izinhlelo zokubuka, namabhodi okuqondisa umphakathi zinikeza izakhamuzi izindlela eziphathekayo zokunikela. Amathala nezindawo zomphakathi zingangenisa imishini yokuvota namahholo edolobha. Lezinhlelo zenza ukubhalisa abantu kube yingxenye esobala, evamile yokuphila kunokuba kube isibopho esingaqondakali.

Imizamo Yokuqaphela Nobuchwepheshe

Ama-computer ezokuxhumana angawamathuluzi anamandla okuqapha umphakathi uma esetshenziswa ngokunakekela. Inzuzo nezinhlangano zikahulumeni zingaqhuba imikhankaso echaza amalungelo abantu, ikhumbuze izinsuku zokhetho, futhi inikeze izixhumano nemithombo engokomthetho. Nokho, amapulatifomu afanayo asakaza amanga, ngakho ukufunda ngemishini ye-inthambi kubalulekile. Imisebenzi ehambisana nezokuthonya nemithombo yezindaba yendawo ingaveza imiyalezo enembile. Ngokwesibonelo, i- “Fuma i-Vote” ihloba izikhumbuzo zombhalo kanye nemfundo.

Ingxoxo Nenkululeko Ekhuthazayo

Ukuhlaziywa kolwazi luwusongo olukhulu empilweni yomphakathi. Ukukhuthaza izingxoxo zenhlonipho phakathi kwezingxabano − ukudlula ekuhloleni, ukuthatha indiva, noma ama-club , kunganciphisa ubutha futhi kwandise ukuqonda. Uma abantu bexoxa ngezinkinga ezibhekene nobuso obunye noma ezikhaleni ezisesilinganisweni se-ingosi yomphakathi, bathambekele kakhulu ekuqapheleni ukufaneleka kwemibono ephikisanayo futhi bathole isisekelo esifanayo. Lo msebenzi wokulalela nokuhlanganyela ngokwanelisayo usemajukujukwini ezakhamuzini entando yeningi.

Isiphetho

Amalungelo e-Covic awayona imiqondo eqinile; aguqula kanye nomphakathi futhi adinga ukunakwa njalo. Isakhamuzi esiwaziyo amalungelo aso singawavikela; isakhamuzi esifeza imisebenzi yaso sinezela ekusimameni nasekulinganiseni kwalesi simiso. Enkathini eyandayo yokuphatha idemokrati, ukudukiswa, ukungalingani, isidingo sezakhamuzi ezinolwazi nemisebenzi akuzange kube sikhulu. Ohulumeni, abafundisi, nezinhlangano zomphakathi zonke zihlanganyela umthwalo wemfanelo wokuthuthukisa ulwazi lwesizwe nokususa imingcele yokuhlanganyela. Kodwa ekugcineni, impilo yentando yentando yeningi ixhomeke ekuzimiseleni komuntu ngamunye ukuqhubekela phambili i-$tovoti, ukukhonza, ukukhuluma, nokufeza imisebenzi. Ngokuqonda ngokugcwele amalungelo omphakathi nemisebenzi, ungaba isakhamuzi sezwe lakini lakho, kodwa ekugcineni.