Table of Contents

Injongo Nokubaluleka Kokubala

Ukubalwa kwabantu kuyindlela enkulu kakhulu nebanzi yokuqoqa ukwaziswa eyenziwa yisizwe. Iqhutshwa njalo eminyakeni eyishumi emazweni amaningi, injongo yayo eyinhloko ukubala wonke umuntu ohlala emingceleni yezwe. Lokhu kudlula kakhulu ekubaleni. I-minitha yokubala isebenza njengesisekelo sokumelelwa kwentando yeningi, ukuthunyelwa kwemitapo yemali ngokulinganayo, kanye nokuhlelwa kwezimiso ezisekelwe ebufakazini. Ngokuqonda kahle ukuthi ikuphi ukwaziswa okuqoqiwe nokuthi kungani, izakhamuzi zingaqonda kokubili isidingo kanye nokubaluleka kokuhlanganyela ngokugcwele.

Isisekelo Esingokomlando Nemithetho

Ubalo lwanamuhla lulandela umsuka walo wempucuko yasendulo, lapho ababusi kwakudingeka bazi khona ukuthi bangakanani futhi bakha ububanzi bezakhamuzi zabo ukuze bakhokhe intela futhi bajoyine impi. Namuhla, ukubalwa kwabantu kuvunyelwe emthethweni ezizweni eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, uMthetho-sisekelo we-United States ugunyaza ukubala njalo eminyakeni eyishumi ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi i-Census Act yokuhlela. I-Censureation ka-1790 yasungula inani lokuqala lase-U.S., futhi imithetho eyalandela iye yandisa izinga lapho kuvikelwa izivikelo lwemfihlo. Ngokufanayo, i-UKCRIPUCU Act ibusa i-declation eNgilandi naseWales. Lezizisekelo ezingokomthetho ziqinisekisa ukuba abantu babelwe, ukubala ngokweze, futhi kuqhutshwe ngezindlela ezifanayo.

Lokho Okuqoqwayo E - qualine Renignator

I-minittle yendaba yokubala iklanyelwe ukuqoqa izingosi eziningi zemininingwane ngaphandle kokuzicindezela ngokweqile. Imibuzo ihlolwa kanzima eminyakeni eminingana ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi icacile, iyasebenza, futhi ayiphazanyiswa kakhulu.

Ulwazi ngezibalo zamuntu siqu

Umuntu ngamunye ekhaya kumelwe anikeze imininingwane eyisisekelo yenani labantu. Lezi zihlanganisa igama, ubudala, usuku lokuzalwa, ubulili, nohlanga noma imvelaphi yohlanga [. Kwamanye amazwe, i-impeta yemibuzo ibuza futhi ngobuhlobo nomninikhaya (umz., umlingane, umntwana, umuntu ohlala naye). Ukwaziswa kwenkathi yeminyaka kubaluleke kakhulu ekubaleni isilinganiso sokuncika, ukuhlela amakhono esikole, nokubikezela isizinda sezempilo esidinga abantu asebekhulile. Uhlanga nokwaziswa kobuzwe kuyasiza ekuqinisekiseni amalungelo omphakathi futhi kuqaphele ukuhlukaniswa kwemiyalo emiphumelezweni yempilo noma amathuba ezomnotho.

Ukumisa Umkhaya Nobuhlobo

Ukubalwa kwabantu kuveza ukuthi obani abahlala emakhaya ngamanye nendlela ahlobene ngayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa inani labantu abasekhaya, ukuthi bahlobene yini nomninikhaya, nokuthi bawuhlobo olunjani, nokuthi bashadile. Ukubalwa okunembile kwemikhaya kubalulekile ekunqumeni izakhiwo zomkhaya, ukwanda kwezindlu ezinezizukulwana eziningi, nenani lemikhaya enendoda eyodwa. Lokhu kuthinta ngokuqondile isimiso sokuhlala, izinhlelo zokusekela umphakathi, kanye nokuhlelwa kwezindawo zasedolobheni.

Izici Eziwuphawu Lwezindlu

Imibuzo ngekhaya ngokwalo ivamile ezindaweni eziningi zokubala abantu. Lemibuzo ihlanganisa ingu-ureyithi (ihlolwe ngokuqondile, iqashiwe, iqashiwe), uhlobo lwesakhiwo (ikhaya elilodwa, indlu, indlu yemoto, indlu), inani lamagumbi, nokutholakala kwezinto eziyisisekelo njengokuhamba kwamanzi, ugesi, nolwe-Internet. Lokhu kwaziswa kusetshenziselwa ukucubungula izinga lezindlu, ukuhlukanisa ukuhlanganisa izakhiwo, ukuvota, nokutshala izimali ezikhokhwanywayo ezingeni eliphezulu. Ngokwesibonelo, izindawo ezinezilinganiso eziqashiwe kakhulu zingadinga izinhlelo zosizo ezihlukene ezikhokhelwayo kunezindawo eziqashiwe kakhulu.

Umsebenzi Womsebenzi Nezomnotho

Isikhundla sezisebenzi siyisisekelo semininingwane yokubalwa kwabantu. Abaphendulayo bayabuzwa ukuthi babesebenza, bengasebenzi, noma bengasebenzi phakathi nesonto elithile lokuhlola. Imibuzo eyengeziwe ihlanganisa ukuhlanganisa, imboni, ikilasi lesisebenzi[ [isigaba somuntu siqu, uhulumeni, ukusebenza kwabo ngokwabo), futhi basebenza amahora amaningi. Imininingwane, nakuba ivame ukuqoqwa ngokwehlukana ngezifundo, ingavela ngemibuzo yezenani labantu emazweni athile, ibuza ngengqikithi yemali eholweni yekhaya ngonyaka odlule. Lento yezomnotho ifaka ekubaleni izilinganiso zemisebenzi, ukuthuthuka kwemisebenzi, nezinhlelo zezezomnotho.

Ukuthola Imfundo Nesikole

Imibuzo yemfundo ithatha izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lemfundo eqediwe, kusukela esikoleni esiphakeme kuya kumadegree aphezulu. Bangase babuze futhi ngokufunda esikoleni noma amakholiji. Ukwaziswa kwemfundo kubalulekile ekuhlolweni kwenhloko - dolobha yomuntu, ekuhleleni imingcele yezifunda zesikole, nasekuhloleni ukuphumelela kwezinhlelo zemfundo. Abaphathi-mapali basebenzisa lokhu kwaziswa ukuze baphawule imiphakathi edinga ukutshala imali eyengeziwe emfundweni noma ekuqeqesheni umsebenzi.

Ukufuduka Nesixuku Sendawo Ezungezile

Izincwadi eziningi zokubala zihlanganisa umbuzo wokuthi umuntu wayehlalaphi eminyakeni emihlanu edlule (noma ngesikhathi sokubala okudlule). Lokhu kusiza ekuhleleni indlela yokufuduka kwangaphakathi, ukushintshela emadolobheni ukuya kwelinye izwe, nokuhamba kwabantu ngenxa yezici zezomnotho noma zendawo ezungezile. Kuhlangene nemininingwane yamanje yekheli, izibalo zokufuduka zinikeza ulwazi ngokuhlelwa kwezinto zokuhamba, ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhiwo, nokuhlelwa kwenhlekelele.

Izihloko Ezikhethekile Nemibuzo Engeziwe

Kuye ngokwezwe nangomjikelezo othile wokubalwa kwabantu, ezinye izimo ezingase zihlanganiswe. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlolwa kweze-American Community Survey (ACS) e-United States kuqoqa ukwaziswa okuningi ngolimi olukhulunywa ekhaya, ukukhubazeka, umshuwalense wempilo, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho. Amanye amazwe abuza ngenkolo, ubuzwe ngomniningwane obungaphezulu, noma ngemisebenzi engokwezimo zemoto. Lemibuzo yokunezela ifaka isiqinisekiso sokuqinisekisa ukuthi ifeza injongo ecacile yezibalo futhi awayitholi eminye imithombo.

Isizathu Sokuba Kubuzwe Imibuzo Eqondile

Ukuqonda lezi zizathu kwenza umuntu athembeke futhi kunciphisa ukumelana nokuhlanganyela.

Ulwazi ngegama kanye nolwezokuxhumana

Amagama aqoqwa ngokuyinhloko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umuntu ngamunye ubalwa kanye kuphela futhi avumele ukulandela uma ukwaziswa kungekho noma kuguquguquka. Alisetshenziselwa ukukhipha noma ukuhlola. Igama lihlukaniswa ekutholeni imininingwane ngemva kokulungisa futhi ligcinwa liyimfihlo ngaphansi komthetho oqinile.

Ubudala Nobulili

Iminyaka kanye nobulili kuyizimo eziyisisekelo kakhulu zenani labantu. Zisetshenziswa cishe kubo bonke abantu ukulinganisela, kusukela ekubaleni inani lokuzalwa kuya ekuvezeni izindleko zeNyuselo yomphakathi. Ukwaziswa kwobulili kuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkonzo ezinjengempilo yomama nezindawo zokukhosela zabesifazane zixhaswe ngokufanelekile. Ukwaziswa kweminyaka yobudala kuqhubezela izibikezelo zokubhalisa esikoleni nokuhlela ukunakekelwa kwaphezulu.

Uhlanga Nobuhlanga

Imibuzo yobuhlanga neyobuzwe iqondiswa umthetho wamalungelo abantu, njengoMthetho weVoing Rights eU.S. kanye noMthetho we-Heality e-UK. ngaphandle kwale mininingwane, kungeke kube nokwenzeka ukuba kulinganiswe ukucwaswa, ukuphoqelelwa kwemithetho elungile yezindlu, noma ukuxhasa izinhlelo ezisiza imiphakathi emincane. Izigaba zihlelwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze zibonise ukuqonda okungaguquguquki kwezenhlalo ngohlanga nohlanga.

Iholo Lomkhaya Nomsebenzi

Imininingwane yemali isiza ekutholeni inzuzo yezinhlelo zosizo lomphakathi, iphawula amaphakethe obumpofu, futhi ibala inzuzo yezezindaba yezemisebenzi yembula ukuthi yiziphi izimboni ezikhulayo noma ezinciphayo, lapho izinhlelo zokuqeqesha umsebenzi zidingeka khona, nokuthi injani imithombo yezomnotho ehambelanayo. Lokhu kwaziswa kusetshenziswa iBureau of Labor Statistics nezinye izinhlangano ukuze kukhiqizwe imibiko yemisebenzi yanyanga zonke.

Indlela Ukwaziswa Kwezibalo Okusetshenziswa Ngayo Ekuhleleni Uhlelo

Lapho sekuqoqwe futhi kungaziwa, ukwaziswa kokubala kuba yinto eyisisekelo yezinqumo eziningi ezithinta ukuphila kwansuku zonke.

Ukumelela Nezobuqotho Bezombangazwe

Enye yezindlela eziqondile zokudweba ulwazi lokubala ukudweba izigodi zemithetho. Ingqikithi yabantu inquma ukuthi zingaki izihlalo isifunda ngasinye noma indawo ngayinye ephalamende noma engqungqutheleni. Ezifundazweni, imininingwane enemininingwane eminingi yenani labantu eliwumngcele iqinisekisa ukuthi isifunda ngasinye sinenani elifanayo labantu, sinamathela esimisweni se-"umuntu oyedwa, ukuvota kanye" ukuvota" ukuthatha indawo ngemva kokubala ngakunye kungaguqula amandla ezombangazwe iminyaka eyishumi.

Ukuthutha Ngezimali KukaFederal NoMbuso

Amakhulu ezigidi zezigidi zamaRandi ezinikezwa izimali zikahulumeni asakazwa ngokusekelwe emikhankasweni ekhokhelwa ukubala abantu. Izinhlelo ezinjenge-Medicaid, i-National School Lunch Program, uhlelo lwemigwaqo emikhulu, kanye ne-Community Development Block Grant zithembele ekubaleni okunembile kwabantu. Ukubalwa kwabantu okungabizi kungabiza umphakathi izigidi zamadola ezibiza imali elahlekile eminyakeni engaphezu kweyishumi. ukuphenya nge-Pew Critable Trusts[[[] kubonisa ukuthi amakhulu ezinhlelo zisebenzisa ukwaziswa kokubalwa kwabantu ukuze kuhlaselwe imithombo esengozini kakhulu.

Ukunakekelwa Kwempilo Nokuhlelwa Kwempilo Yomphakathi

Iminyaka yobudala, iholo, nezindawo zokuhlala zisiza izikhulu zezempilo zomphakathi ukuba zibone imiphakathi esengozini yokuqubuka kwezifo noma izimo zempilo ezingamahlalakhona. Phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVOVAD-19, kwasetshenziswa ukwaziswa kokubala abantu ukuze kutholakale indawo yokuhlola nezindawo zokugoma. Izibhedlela neminyango yezempilo zisebenzisa inani labantu ukuhlela izinkonzo zokubeletha, ukunakekelwa kwezifo zengqondo, kanye nokukwazi ukuvalelwa emagumbini okuphuthumayo.

Imfundo Nemingcele Yesigodi Yesikole

Izikole zincike ekwazisweni kokubala abantu ukuze kubikezelwe ukuthi bayabhalisa, bahlele izikole ezintsha futhi banikeze abantu abafunda ulimi olukhethekile nesiNgisi.

Izinto Zokuhamba Nezakhiwo Eziyinkimbinkimbi

Izindlela zokuthutha, ukuba nezimoto, nobukhulu benani labantu konke kubangelwa yimibuzo yokubala. Iziphathimandla zezokuthutha zisebenzisa le mininingwane ukuze ziklame imizila yokuthutha yomphakathi, zinqume ukuthi zingakhaphi imigwaqo emisha noma amabhayisekili, futhi zihlele iziteshi ezihamba ngogesi. Iziteshi zomphakathi zisiza ekubikezeleni ukuthi amanzi, indle, nogesi zidinga amanzi isikhathi eside.

Ukuthuthuka Kwezomnotho Nezinqumo Zebhizinisi

Amabhizinisi asebenzisa ukwaziswa kokubala ukuze anqume ukuthi angazivula kuphi izitolo ezintsha, imikhiqizo azoyivula, nokuthi izodayiswa kanjani. Ukwaziswa kubasiza ukuba baqonde izibalo zezindawo zebhizinisi. Izinhlangano zezentengiselwano zezentengiselwano zendawo zisebenzisa lokhu ukuze zikhange abaqashi ngokuveza izisebenzi ezikhona kanye nezinga lamakhono azo.

Imfihlo, Ukufihla Izindaba Nokulondeka Kwemininingwane

Ukukhathazeka ngokungabi namuntu ohilelekile ngokuvamile akukuvumeli ukuhlanganyela, futhi kubalulekile ukuqonda isivikelo esiqinile esitholakala endabeni yokubalwa kwabantu.

Isivikelo Esingokomthetho

E-United States, i-Sihlokwana 13 soMthetho we-U.S. senza kube okungekho emthethweni nganoma isiphi isisebenzi saseButhweni labaBabele ukuba sihlanganyele ukwaziswa okusobala. Ukuphula umthetho kunezijeziso ezinzima, kuhlanganise neminyaka emihlanu ejele nemali ehhala engu-R250 000. Imithetho efanayo ikhona kwamanye amazwe. Izibalo zezibalo ze-Authority [ futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi ukwaziswa komuntu siqu okubhaliwe kugcinwa kulondekile iminyaka eyikhulu ngaphambi kokuba kukhululwe ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo lobuhlanga.

Ukushintsha Imininingwane

Imininingwane engahluziwe enamagama namakheli ayikhululwa. Kunalokho, izindlela zezibalo ezinjengokushintshanisa ukwaziswa (ukuhlanganisa amathumbu okwaziswa phakathi kwemikhaya efanayo) kanye nomjovo womsindo kusetshenziselwa ukuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa futhi kwanoma yimuphi umuntu. Lokhu kuvumela izibalo ezinembile eziwenziwe ngokuvikela imfihlo. I-Censure Bureaunicare isebenzisa izindlela zokugwema ukuthungatha, kuhlanganise nezindlela zobumfihlo ezihlukene, ukuvimbela ezinye izivikela eziphendulweni.

Okwenzeka Ekwazini Kwakho Ngemva Kokuzithoba

Iziphetho zokubala zifingqwe ngokudluliswa kwezincwadi futhi zigcinwe kubasebenzisi abalondekile. Ngemva kokulungisa, ukwaziswa okuhlukanisayo kuhlukaniswa nemininingwane yezibalo. I-Census Bureau inqatshelwe ngokomthetho ukuhlanganyela imininingwane yakho nenye izinhlangano zikahulumeni, kuhlanganise nokugcinwa komthetho, iziphathimandla zokufuduka, noma izinhlangano zentela. Lo mshini wokucima imoto uphelele futhi usuvinjelwe iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu.

Ukuziphendukela Kwemibuzo Yokubala

Imibuzo yokubala abantu iye yashintsha kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, okubonisa intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe, engokwenhlalo, nakwezokwaziswa okudingekayo.

Ukusuka Ephepheni Kuya Emshinini

Kuqalwa ukubalwa kwabantu kwakuqala kwakwenziwa nge-conomers ezinezifomu zamaphepha. Ubalo lwango-2020 lwaphawula okokuqala ngqá ukuthi iningi lemikhaya lasabela kuyi-intanethi. Lokhu kuncishiswa kwephepha elincishisiwe, kwasheshisa iqoqo lokwaziswa, futhi kwavunyelwa ukunikeza imibuzo ehambisanayo. Ngo-2021, i-UK yenza i-internet iphendule ngendlela elungile, ngezindlela zokubhala ezitholakala kuphela ngokucela. Uhlelo lwezinombolo lubuye lusize ukuhumusha kalula, ukugunyaza kwangempela, nokusakaza ngokushesha kwemiphumela eyisisekelo.

Ukushintsha Imibuzo Yomphakathi

Njengoba umphakathi ushintsha, kanjalo nezigaba eziphathelene nokubalwa kwabantu. Ngokwesibonelo, ubalo lwango-2020 lwase-U.S. lwaluhlanganisa izigaba zobuhlanga eziningiliziwe futhi luvumela abantu ukuba babhale ngemvelaphi yabo eqondile. Ukubalwa kwabantu kwenani labantu kwenezela imibuzo ngenkonzo yezempi, ukuthi ikuphi ukukhula kobulili kanye nobulili (ukuzikhethela), kanye nemibuzo ethuthukisiwe mayelana nomphakathi wezinhlanga.

Ukuxhumana Nemininingwane Yezokuphathwa Kwabantu

Izinhlangano zanamuhla ezihlela ukubala zisebenzisa amarekhodi okuqondisa avela ezinhlanganweni zikahulumeni ukuze zigcwalise amagebe futhi zithuthukise ukunemba. Lokhu kunganciphisa umthwalo emikhayeni okunzima ukuwufinyelela. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Censurence Bureau isebenzisa ukwaziswa okuvela kuyi-Social Security Administration, i-International Revolution Service, ne-parement yezimoto ukuze ibale abantu abangasabeli kubantu abathintana nabantu abaningi. Lokhu kuthuthukisa ukuhlanganisa izikhala lapho kugcinwa imfihlo.

Imibono Evamile Engalungile Ngokwanda Kwabantu

Ukungaqondi kahle kungalulaza ukuhlanganyela. Nakhu ukucaciswa okubalulekile.

"Ukubalwa kwabantu kusetshenziselwa ukulanda noma ukuxosha abafuduki."

Lokhu kungamanga. Ukwaziswa kobalo akuhlanganyelwa neze nokugcinwa kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe. Umthetho wenqabela ngokuqondile ukusebenzisa indlela yokubala abantu nganoma imuphi umuntu. Ukuhlanganyela kuphephile kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izakhamuzi zinjani, futhi ukubalwa kuhlanganisa zonke izakhamuzi, hhayi izakhamuzi kuphela.

“Izimpendulo zami ziyakuthengiswa, zisetshenziselwe ukuthengisa.”

ICensus Bureau ayithengi imininingwane kunoma ubani. ngokomthetho, impendulo yakho ingekhululwe okungenani iminyaka engu - 72.

"Imibuzo yokubala abantu ayibokuzikhethela"

Emazweni amaningi, ukuqeda ukubalwa kwabantu kuphoqelekile ngokomthetho. Ukwenqaba ukuphendula noma ukunikeza ukwaziswa okungamanga kungaphumela ekukhokheleni. Nokho, idlanzana lemibuzo engakhethelwa (njengokuthi ungubani ubulili kwamanye amazwe) liphawuleka ngokucacile. Ukuqonda okudingekayo kuyasiza ekugwemeni izijeziso.

Ngokubalwa akunandaba nami.”

Imininingwane inquma izici eziningi zomphakathi wakini, kusukela ezihlalweni eziningi zomkhandlu wedolobha kuya ekuxhaseni umtapo wezincwadi wendawo.

Indlela Yokuqeda Umbuzo Wokubalwa Ngokunembile

Ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi umkhaya wakho ubalwa kahle, landela lezi zinyathelo ezilula.

Bala Wonke Umuntu Ophila Ekhaya Lakho

Uma othile ehlala nawe okwesikhashana (njengomfundi wasekolishi ohlala kude kodwa abuyele ekhaya), landela iziqondiso eziqondile ezinikezwa igunya lakho lokubala. Ngokuvamile, abantu babalwa lapho behlala khona isikhathi esiningi.

Amadokhumende wenkinombho

Uma kunokwenzeka, izakhamuzi noma isimo sokufuduka (uma kucelwa). Ukwazi umsebenzi wawo wonke umuntu nendawo yomsebenzi kungasheshisa imibuzo yemisebenzi.

Sabelani Ngokushesha Nayi - Internet

Ukusabela ku-inthanethi kushesha futhi kunembile kunephepha. Uzothola ikhodi elikhethekile lokuqinisekisa ukuthi uthatha impendulo eyodwa kuphela ekhaya ngalinye. Uma uphuthelwa isikhathi, umthathi wabantu angase avakashele ekhaya lakho. Ukusabela kunciphisa isidingo sokulandelana komqalisi, ukonga imali yomkhokhi wentela.

Lapho Ungabaza, Buza Isikhulu

Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi ubani ongawufaka noma ongawuphendula kanjani umbuzo, hlola ingosi engokomthetho yokubala izwe lakini.

I-impecane yekhono lokubala ayiyona nje indlela elula. Iklanywe ngokucophelela enikeza ukwaziswa okuyisisekelo kwesimiso sokubusa ngentando yeningi, ngokulunga, nangokuthuthuka. Ngokuqonda ukuthi yikuphi ukwaziswa okuqoqiwe nokuthi kungani, ungawufeza umsebenzi ngokuqiniseka futhi unikele ekubeni ube nezibalo ezinembile ezizuzisa wonke umuntu. Ukuhlanganyela kwakho akuyona nje isibopho esingokomthetho kodwa isenzo esinenjongo esibumba ikusasa lomphakathi wakho eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo.