I-Australian Treasury iwumnyango ophambili wezomnotho kuhulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni, iphethe ithonya elikhulu phezu kwesimiso sezwe sezimali. Umkhiqizo wayo obonakalayo kakhulu yi-Federal Bal Bal, incwadi ebanzi ehlela inqubo kahulumeni yokuhlela izimali, ihlela izimali nezindleko, futhi ihlele ukuma kwezomnotho zezigidi zabantu base-Australia. Nokho, indima yezimali idlulele kude kakhulu kunyuko lwaminyaka yonke. Isebenza njengomphathi wezezomnotho kuhulumeni, inomthwalo wokuthuthukisa inqubo yentela, ukuphatha ubudlelwane bezentengiselwano nezindawo, ukulondoloza ukuqina kwesimiso sezimali zemali, futhi iqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwemali ngenkathi ende. Ukuqonda nokuhlukahlukahluka kwemisebenzi yemali kubaluleke kakhulu ngokonyaka. Imisebenzi engoko ngokwezimali kuqonda indlela uhulumeni ophatha ngayo ukuchuma nezindlela ezingoko ngokwezimali ezisebenza ngayo ekusebenzeni kwezomnotho.

I - Australian Treasurence: Ukubukeza Komlando Nezakhiwo

I-Moondra ingenye yeminyango yokuqala ye-Commonwealth, eyamiswa eFederation ngo-1901. Umsuka wayo utholakala ekuqoqweni kwamasiko nasemisebenzini ewumphumela, umthombo oyinhloko wenzuzo kahulumeni ngesikhathi. Phakathi namashumi eminyaka, ukuvuselelwa kwayo kwakhula kakhulu kanye nokukhula kukahulumeni. Isakhiwo esiphawulekayo senzeka ngo-1976 ngokusungulwa koMnyango Wezezimali, owathatha imisebenzi yokukhokha nokusetshenziswa kwemali, ushiye iNdawo yemali igxile enkambisweni yemali, intela, nemithetho yezentengiselwano yezentengiselwano. Namuhla, i-Moondrofayo iyindawo enkulu. I-mnyango omkhulu, uholwa nguNobhala wezimali, futhi umniningo we-Esciomstion (i-Ession, i-Esner, i-Esner, i-ASP.) eM. I-E, i-Equaceauni ye-E, i-Empey organ, i-mounce, i-mounce, i-E

ISikhwama Somthetho: I - Charter of Subject Reformation

Isisekelo semisebenzi yezimali si- Isikhombi se-Bacculture Treaty Act 1998. Lo mthetho wengqokombululo waklanyelwa ukwandisa ukubonakala nokuthembeka kwesimiso se-fiscal. Igunya lokukhipha imibhalo eyinhloko ehlela inqubo yokuhlela uhlelo lwemali. Le mithetho ihlanganisa i-Fiscal Stratectivement, ehlela izinhloso zikahulumeni zenqubo ye-fiscal, ne-Internationalratic Report (IGR), enyatheliswa njalo iminyaka emihlanu ukuze kucacingwe ukugcinwa kwemali kahulumeni phakathi neminyaka engu-40 ezayo. Ishati idinga futhi umniniyo ukuba akhiqike uhlelo lwe-Piocle (effecle) phakathi ne-FiFF) phakathi nezinsuku eziyishumi zokukhetha i-evolution, ukuqinisekisa okungagunyaziwe kwenkonzo yomphakathi, ukuqinisekisa ukuhleleka okuka uhulumeni ngemvume yokuhlela imali eqinile kodwa iqhutshwa ngokulandelana.

Ukuhlolwa Kwenqubo Yokuhlelwa Kohlelo Lokuhlela Imali

Umjikelezo wemali waminyaka yonke uyinqubo ejikeleza unyaka wonke yokuhlaziya, ukuxoxisana, nokulungisa. Iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunokumane nje ukhiphe imali nemali. Le nqubo ilawulwa ngezinqubo zangaphakathi eziqinile nezimfuneko zangaphandle zemithetho eziklanyelwe ukuveza indlela evumelanayo yokuhlela.

Ukubikezela Kwezomnotho Nokuvuselelwa Kwezimo

Le nqubo iqala ekuqaleni konyaka wekhalenda ngezibikezelo zezomnotho zeTreasure. Izazi zezomnotho ziveza umbono oningiliziwe wembulunga yonke ye-GDP, imfuno yasekhaya, umsebenzi, ukwehla kwamandla emali, neholo. Lezi zilinganiso zibucayi ngoba zinquma isisekelo sentela nezindleko zezinhlelo zikahulumeni ezifingqiwe. Ushintsho lwengxenye eyodwa ekwandeni kweGDP lunganciphisa ukulinganisela kwemali ngezigidi zezigidi zamaRandi. Lezi zibikezelo zicubungula kakhulu kokubili kokubili ekhaya nangemizimba yomhlaba wonke njenge-IMF kanye ne-OECD.

IKomiti Yokubukeza Nge - Expenditure (ERC)

Uma imigaqo yemali isimisiwe, i-Expenditure Review Committee of Cabinet iyathatha indawo. I-ERC, ngokuvamile ebekwa uNdunankulu noMphathi, ihlola iziphakamiso ezintsha zezimiso ezivela kuyo yonke iminyango kahulumeni. Isiphakamiso ngasinye kumelwe sibonise ukubaluleka kwaso ngokumelene nesisekelo esinzima semali. Yilapho indima yeNjenganiso yezimali isuka ekubikezeleni ukuvuselelwa kokuvusekuseni, ukuhlaziya ithonya eliphezulu nenani lemali lazo zonke izinyathelo ezinkulu zikahulumeni ngokumelene nombono wezomnotho.

Umklamo Wezemali Nezentela

Ngengozi, iRevolution Group yeNguquko isebenza enkambisweni yentela. Lokhu kuhilela ukulingisa inzuzo yentela ekhona yemithetho yentela nokuhlela noma iziphi izinguquko ezimenyezelwe. Ubunkimbinkimbi besimiso sentela sase-Australia, intela yomuntu siqu, inkampani, i-Falls and Service Res Reals Treasure (GST), inzuzo ewujuqu, nentela yezentengo, kudinga izibonelo eziphambili eziyinkimbinkimbi zokunquma indlela yokuziphatha nemiphumela yokusakaza. Lo msebenzi ubalulekile ekuthembekeni kwemali.

I - “mieok ” (MEFO)

Inqubo yokuhlelwa kwemali ayipheli ngobusuku bokuhlelwa kwemali. I-Mooral ikhulula i-Moar Economic and Fiscal Outlook (MEFO) kamuva ngonyaka wekhalenda. I-MYFO inikeza umbono othuthukisiwe wesimo semali, ihlanganisa imininingwane yezomnotho ethuthukisiwe kanye nemiphumela yezinqumo zenqubo ezithathwe kusukela ekuhleleni imali. Ibhukwana elibalulekile, ngokuvamile eliqukethe ushintsho olubalulekile ekusebenziseni imali kanye nenkokhelo yemali eveza isimo sembulunga yonke.

Iphepha No. 1 Negama Elivamile

Okukhishwa kokugcina akuyona nje inhlelo yezinombolo kodwa ukulandisa okuwusizo. Bridget Paper No. [, ekhiqizwa yi-Moota, iwumthombo oyinhloko wemininingwane yemali nokuhlaziywa. Ichaza indlela kahulumeni yokuhlela uhlelo lwemali, ixoxa ngezindaba ezinkulu zezomnotho, futhi inikeza izikhombo eziningiliziwe zonyaka kanye nezilinganiso ezintathu ezilandelayo ezingaphambili, ezisebenza njengekhombozelo eliqinisekile labacwaningi bezemakethe kanye nabenzi bezimiso ngokufanayo.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Yekhora Nemisebenzi

Imithwalo yemfanelo esebenzayo yeNdawo yezimali ingahlanganiswa ibe izici eziningana ezichaza umsebenzi wayo wansuku zonke nethonya layo kwezomnotho zezwe.

Inqubo yezomnotho nentengiselwano

I-Macro enomnotho igumbi le-injini le-Treeter. Iveza izibikezelo zeGDP, izikhangiso zezentengiselwano zezisebenzi, nokuhlaziywa kwezomnotho kwezizwe zonke okusetshenziswa kuwo wonke uhulumeni. Leli qembu futhi lilawula ukuhlangana kwezezimali nezinhlangano zezwe lonke njenge-IMF, i-OECD, ne-G20, ukuqinisekisa izithakazelo ze-Australia zimelelwa ezingxoxweni zezimiso zembulunga yonke.

Imithetho Yentela Neqembu Lemali

Leli qembu liluleka uhulumeni ngazo zonke izici zentela, kusukela ekwakheni inguquko ebanzi kuya ezindinganisweni zobuqotho eziningiliziwe. Iphatha iSivumelwano seThsi Lentela, esilinganisela intela ehholo (umz., inhloko- dolobha ithola intethelelo, intengo yentela enkulu). Izibonelo zeqembu zisetshenziselwa ukulinganisela izindleko zezibopho zokukhetha kanye nemiphumela yokusakaza izinguquko ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zezindlu.

Ukuvuselelwa Kwesimiso Sezimali Nezentengiselwano

I-Moovery inendima enkulu ekulolongeni isimiso sezezimali. Iluleka ngemisebenzi ye-APRA, ASIC, i-RBA, ne-ACCC. Ilandela izindinganiso zembulunga yonke ezibekwe yi-Basel Committee ne-Financial Stability Board, i-Mooral iqinisekisa isimiso sezimali sase-Australia ukuba sisaqinile, sincintisane, futhi sibe nemfanelo elungile. Le ndawo ibaluleke kakhulu ukulandela i-Entelligence Inquiry ne-Royal Commission ukuya eMiscipecie eBank naseSunation.

Izindaba Ezinhle Nezici Ezizimele

Ukuphatha ukuhlobana ngokwezimali phakathi kweCommonwealth nezifundazwe namasimu kuwumthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu. Lokhu kuhilela ukunquma izinga leSikhulu se-General Revenue Applice (izindawo ezisakazwayo zeGST) ngokusekelwe ekutuseni kweCommonwealth Grants Commission, kanye nokubhunga nge-Intelligence National Agreements neNational Privenetshiption ezindaweni ezinjengempilo, imfundo, nezindlu.

Ukuphathwa Kwezikweletu

I-Australian Office of Financial Management (AFM), phakathi kwe-Treasureal faloo, inomthwalo wokulawula kahle izikweletu ze-Commonwealth Governmento. I-AOFM inikeza iziBondhosts zobuMandla neManote yezimali zokuxhasa imali, ilawula izilinganiso zemali zikahulumeni, futhi ikhiphe izintengo zemali ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okushelelayo kwesibopho sikahulumeni sezentengo, umsebenzi obucayi wokuzinziwa kwemali yezwe.

Ukubambisana Ne - Reserve Bank yase - Australia

Ubuhlobo obubucayi phakathi kweTree Office ne Ibhange elisebenzayo lase-Australia (RBA)[RFL:1]. Nakuba iRBA isebenza ngesilinganiso esiphakeme sokuzimela ekuqhubeni inqubo yemali (ukwenza isilinganiso semali), ukuphatha okuphumelelayo kwezomnotho kudinga ukubambisana okuseduze phakathi kwe-fiscal nezikhali zemali. Umgcini-mali neRBA uhlangana njalo, nezikhulu ezivela kuzo zombili izinhlangano zihlanganyela ekufushayeni i-Monetary Policy. Isivumelwano sezentelligement ephetheni yemali, sivumelana phakathi kwemali neRBA, ukuqondwa okuhlanganyelweyo kwezakhiwo ze-macrobial place namagumbi emali kanye nezindlela ezikhokhelwayo ezingoko imali. I-RBA ithonya ngokuqondile inzuzo yemali, inxa yemali ehambisana nemali encindisiwe ezimaliniswe yimalini emalini ezindaweni ezikhona.

Ucwaningo Lwangaphandle: Ihhovisi Lohlelo Lokusetshenziswa Kwemali LePhalamende

Kwenezela ungwengwezi lokuhlola okuzimele emsebenzini weTreeter ku- Parliament Accounting Baccom Office (PBO). Imiswe ngo-2012, iPBO inikeza iziphakamiso zezimiso ezikhokhwayo kubo bonke abameli bephalamende, hhayi nje uhulumeni wosuku. Nakuba izimali zinikeza izibikezelo ezingokomthetho zikahulumeni nezomnotho, iPBO isebenza njengendlela yokuhlola nokulinganisela, inikeza okunye nokuqinisekisa ukukhanya. i-PBO iveza izitejiji ezizelelweyo ze-parlinear nama-fisssssssssss zomjikelezo hlelo lwemali. Le mpikiswano ephakathi kwe-PBB nolwazi oluqinile inikeza inselelene-intelligence engcono kodwa i-occensective. I-ftiosensitual evumelana nezinhlangano ezizimeleyo kodwa zigunyaza izivumelwano ezizimele.

Ithonya Lokusetshenziswa Kwemali Kubantu Abayinhloko Abangamahlelo Esizwe

Uhlelo lwezimali lwezimali lunethonya elinamandla ekuphileni kwabantu baseAustralia nasekusebenzeni kwezomnotho ezingxenyeni eziningi.

Izinkonzo Zezenhlalo NoMbuso Wenhlalakahle

Ingxenye enkulu kakhulu yemali echithwayo kahulumeni i-Social Security and Welfare. Inkokhelo yempesheni yemali yemali yempesheni, i-Job Reserver, izinzuzo zentela yomkhaya, kanye ne-National Disability Inshuwation Scheme (NDIS). Izinqumo zokuhlela ukuhlelwa kwemali ngohlelo ngokuphathelene namazinga okuhlukanisa, izibopho eziqinile, kanye nezimfuneko zomsebenzi zinqunywa ngokuqondile yimithetho ebekwe yiMoolemental ekuthintaneni nezikhonzi ze-portfolio. Ukugcinwa isikhathi eside kwe-NDIS kumelela izingozi ezibalulekile nenseleleko yezimiso zokuthutha abantu kanye nezinhlangano ezihlolwayo.

Ukunakekelwa Kwempilo Nokugugile

Ukuxhasa ngezimali izibhedlela zomphakathi nge-National Reform Reform Agreement ne-Service for Medicare ne-Prachatic Republic Beess Scheme (PBS) kumelela izibopho ezinkulu nezikhulayo. I-Mooral isebenza noMnyango wezeHealth no-Adved Care ukuze ibonise izinguquko zokwanda kwabantu kanye nezingcindezi ezihlobene nenani labantu abagugile kanye nezindleko ezikhulayo zobuchwepheshe, kuqinisekisa ukuthi lezinkonzo ezibalulekile zisekhona.

Ukuvikelwa Nokulondeka Kwesizwe

Ukukhululwa kwe-Stegic Ectegic Reviews zamuva kanye nokutshala imali kwalandela kufake ukucindezela okukhulu ekuhleleni imali. Izimali, kanye noMnyango Wezimali, zifeza indima enkulu ekuhloleni ukuphumelela kwesikhathi eside kohlelo oluyinhloko lwezokuvikela, ziqinisekisa ukuthi lulinganiselwe kwezinye izinto eziza kuqala zesizwe ngaphandle kokulimaza ukusekela kwezwe lonke.

Izakhiwo Neqanda

Ingxenye enkulu yemali esetshenziswayo yabelwa ukuchitha imali yesisekelo, eklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa umkhiqizo nokusekela umsebenzi. Ikota ihlola ukuphumelela kwezomnotho kwemisebenzi emikhulu. Ngokufanayo, ukushintshela ekukhishweni kwenetha kudinga ukushintshwa komphakathi omkhulu nomphakathi, futhi i-Cal Treasure iwumgogodla wokuklama imishini enciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu zezomnotho emphakathini.

Izinselele Zemali Ezikhona

I-Australian Treasurence ibhekene nenselele eyinkimbinkimbi yamanje evivinya amakhono ayo angokohlelo neseluleko sesimiso. I-Sctructal Balting Deficits [[[FFLT:1] ihlala ikhathazekile. Nakuba intengo ephambili yemali ingathuthukisa isilinganiso semali, ukuntengantenga okuyisisekelo kungaphikelela ngenxa yokubhabhabhazela ebhayisekeni lentela kanye nokusebenzisa izingcinde eziseceleni zokuthutha. Izindleko zemali eziseceleni zokuthutha izikweleti zemali, kuyilapho ukulawulwa kwemali ehlobene nezinye izimali ezithuthukile, kuye kwaphakamisa inseleleko yemijeko yemali. I-intengo yemali iqokomisa izinselele zemali emakhaya kanye nemali embulungeni. I-IFFFFFFod idinga kakhulu insela kakhulu. [IVFF]

Isiphetho: Isikhulu SamaFiscal Sivamile

I-Australian Treasurer iyikhoshane eliyinani elingaphezulu kakhulu kwenhlangano elawulayo. Iwumgogodla wenhlangano yokulawula kwezwe, ophethe izimali zomphakathi isikhathi eside. Ukusukela ekumiseni imingcele yemali eshibhile yokuhlela ukuhlelwa kwesimiso sentela, ithonya layo lingena kuzo zonke izici zezomnotho. Imithetho yezimali inamathela ezimisweni zezezimali zezwe, ukusekela kwayo okuqinile ngezimiso zezomnotho zembulunga yonke, nokuphatha kwayo izimali zembulunga yonke, kanye nokuphatha kwayo izimali eziyinkimbinkimbi kwenza ukuba i-Australia ihlele impumelelo yezomnotho. Nakuba ngokuvamile ithonya layo lingena ezicini ezicini zezentengisweni zezomnotho. Umsebenzi wezimali unquma ngokuqondile izinga lemisebenzi yomphakathi, izinga lentela, ukuhleleka kwezezimali, ukuhleleka kwezomnotho, naleyo nzuzo yezomnotho yonke inzuzo yezwe. Kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo akuyona indlela ewusizo engokwentengisweni yezentengiselwayo.