Ukuqonda uhlelo lwezinkonzo zedolobha lakho kungenye yamathuluzi anamandla kakhulu atholakalayo ku isakhamuzi esifuna ukwenza umehluko obonakalayo emphakathini waso. Yipulani yezimali elawula yonke into kusukela ekutheni imigwaqo ibhujiswe ukuya eqophelweni lesikole nendawo kanye nesikhathi sokusabela kwezinkonzo eziphuthumayo. Nakuba ngokuvamile ingazizwa njengencwadi egcwele, ewubala, ewubala, ewukuhlela imali, isho izinto eziza kuqala. Ngokufunda ukufunda, ukubuza, nokuhlanganyela nalencwadi, ushintsha ukusuka kumbonisithengisele intela opholile ube umbambi wezekethisi wentando yeningi yendawo. Lesiqondiso sizonikeza ukucaciswa okucacile kwendaba yemali, okuqukethwe yiyo, indlela ethinta ngayo umkhaya wakho, nezinyathelo ezisebenzayo ongathatha ngayo ukuqinisekisa izwi lakho.

Okwenza Uhlelo Lohlelo Lwedolobha Lakho Luthinte Ukuphila Kwakho Kwansuku Zonke Ngokuqondile

Izakhamuzi eziningi zibheka izimali zikamasipala njengendlela yokuhlela ihholo elilinganiselwe. Eqinisweni, imali iwumshayeli oyinhloko wezinga lokuphila kwakho kanye nenani lempahla yakho enkulu kakhulu: ikhaya lakho. Uma uhulumeni wendawo eyisebenzisa kabi izimali zakhe, imiphumela iyashesha futhi iyabonakala. Imigwaqo iba nezigodi ezingalungiswanga, amapaki agcwele, futhi izinkonzo ezidingekayo zincike kakhulu. Ngokuphambene, imali ehleliwe kahle ibonisa umphakathi ohlela ikusasa nokulondoloza izakhiwo zawo.

Ukucabanga Ngezinto Eziza Kuqala Emkhakheni Nezindinganiso Zomphakathi

Imali yokuhlela imali iyincwadi esemthethweni. Ibonisa, ngezinombolo ezinzima, ukuthi ingakanani inzuzo yedolobha. Imali ehlela izindleko zokuphepha komphakathi ilandisa indaba ehlukile kuneyo ehlela izinkonzo zezenhlala - kahle noma izinhlelo zendawo ezungezile. Ngokwesibonelo, uma idolobha lisebenzisa imali engalinganiswanga ekulungiseni izindleko zemali nezindawo ezihambayo, ibonisa uhlelo oluthile lwezinselele zokusebenza nezinto eziza kuqala. Ngokuhlaziya lezi zabelo, izakhamuzi zingabona ukuthi izindleko zedolobha zivumelana yini nezithembiso ezikhethwe izikhulu. Ungabuza imibuzo eqondile: Ingabe sichitha imali eyanele ezinkonzweni zentsha ukuba igcine ihlangene? Ukutshala imali kwezentengo yobuchwepheshe yomnyango owezimboni abafuna ukuphumelela kangcono? Ukuhlela izinhlelo?

Ukulandisa Nokubona Ingaphandle Kuhulumeni Wendawo

Ukubamba izikhulu ezikhethiwe nezisebenzi ezimisiwe kudinga okungaphezu nje kokuvota njalo eminyakeni emibili noma emine. Kudinga ukuqapha imiphumela yezinqumo zazo zezimali. Ukusetshenziswa kwemali kuyithuluzi eliyinhloko lalokhu kuqondisa. Uma umnyango ucela ukuxhaswa kwemali, ibhukwana lemali kufanele lithethelele ukuthi ukwandisa ngemigomo yemali kanye nemigomo ethile. Inqubo yokuhlelwa kwemali esobala yenza izakhamuzi zikwazi ukulandelela leyo migomo. Uma uMnyango waseMapaki ucela ukwanda kwezindlela ezingu-10%, kodwa izikebhezi zihlala zisekwenzile, izimali zisebenza njengerekhodi lalokho kwehluleka. Lokhu kuveza igebesethi yokwethemba phakathi komphakathi nohulumeni wawo.

Ithonya Eliqondile Ngentela Nezindinganiso Zempahla

Mhlawumbe isixhumaniso esiqondile nendlu yakho yisikweletu sentela yempahla. Imali yakho yokuhlela imali inquma izinga , okuyinani lentela oyikhokhayo ngenani lemali yempahla engu - R1 000. Idolobha elinezikweletu ezikhulayo, izibopho zemali yedena, noma imisebenzi yemali ephansi izodinga ekugcineni ukunyusa intela ukuze ulinganisele imali. Ngokuphambene, idolobha elineziqikili eziqinile nezikweleti eziphansi zezomnotho zingakhokha ngaphandle kokuhamba intela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlangano zesibopho zesibopho njenge-Moodys's noma i-Modectal's yemali yedolobha elihlola izindleko zemali. Imali enamandla yokuphatha izindleko zomphakathi. Imali ekhubazeke kakhulu (A, Aa) inzuzo yemali ekhokhwakhwazwayo ezikoleni ezikoleni ezikoleni ezikoleni ezibolekwe ezikoleni. Imalini ezithunyelwayo phansi kakhulu, i-Understatence.

Ukuwohloka Kwezingxenye Zohlelo Lohlelo Lokwenza Imali

Ukuze usebenzise imali yedolobha lakho, kudingeka uqonde indlela ehlelwe ngayo. Nakuba amafomethi athile ehlukahluka, imali kamasipala eminingi ilandela isakhiwo esifanayo edilivaniswe inzuzo, izindleko, nokuhlelwa kwenhloko.

Inzuzo: Lapho Lemali Ivela Khona

Ingxenye yemali yohlelo lokuhlela imali yemininingwane yayo yonke imithombo yemali edolobheni. Umthombo omkhulu kakhulu kamasipala amaningi intela engafanele. Lokhu kubalwa ngokwenani elihlolwayo lezindawo nezindawo ngaphakathi edolobheni. Eminye imithombo yemali ebanzi ihlanganisa:

  • [[UMTL:0] Intela kanye nokusebenzisa intela: Ingxenye yentela yokuthengisela eqoqwe uhulumeni ivame ukubuyiselwa kumasipala endawo.
  • [ I-Edict yombuso: Imali kanye nokuhlanganyela kohulumeni bezwe nohulumeni, ngokuvamile okubekelwe izinjongo ezithile njengemfundo noma isisekelo.
  • Izikhala zomsebenzisi:[ zezinkonzo ezithile, njengemvume yokwakha, izindleko zokungena epaki, ukuqoqwa kwemfucumfucu, noma ukusetshenziswa kwendle.
  • [[[I-FLT:0] Imali kanye ne-Foreyithi: Inzuzo yenzuzo ephuma kumathikithi omgwaqo nakumali yenkantolo.
  • [[UMTHO] Intela yokukhokha: Intela ezintweni ezithile njengemoto kanye nophethiloli.

Isikhungo semali enempilo sihlukene. Izindawo ezithembele kakhulu emthonjeni owodwa, njengentela enciphileyo yokuthengisa noma isikhungo sokukhiqizwa kwentela, zisengozini yokuwohloka kwezomnotho. Uma zihlola uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali, ziqaphelisisa isilinganiso semali ekhona. Ingabe zingokoqobo? Zithembele ezinkongweni zemali zesikhathi esisodwa (njengentengo yezwe) ukuze zikhokhe izindleko eziqhubekayo (njengemali ehlawulo)? Lomkhuba, ngokuvamile obizwa ngokuthi "imali egciniwe," i-flagister forod greementmentmentment. I-agements Association (GOA) inikeza imikhuba emikhulu yokulinganisela ukuthi amadolobha amaningi aphethe inzuzo alandela [[FOL:] [F] [FOD]

Izindleko: Lapho Lemali Iya Khona

Izindawo zokuphehla isikhumba ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: i - operating nenhloko - dolobha.

Ukuhlanganisa intengo yosuku nosuku lokusebenzisa idolobha. Yilapho inkindla yemali yakho yentela ihamba khona. Ingxenye eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

  • Izinkonzo ze-Pernonnel:[ Imali, iholo, nezinzuzo zazo zonke izisebenzi zasedolobheni(izikhulu zezisebenzi, abacimi, izisebenzi zokucima umlilo, izisebenzi zomphakathi, izisebenzi zomphakathi, izisebenzi zezisebenzi, nezincwadi. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuyizindleko ezinkulu kakhulu, ngokuvamile kudla 60-80% wemali yokusetshenziswa kwemali.
  • Izinkonzo zobuProfethi: iminikelo kubathengisi bangaphandle yemisebenzi efana neseluleko somthetho, IMSEBE, ukususa iqhwa, nokulahla udoti.
  • [[UMTL:0] Izimpahla nempahla:[ izimpahla zehhovisi, usawoti wasemgwaqweni, uphethiloli wemoto, nezingxenye zemishini.
  • Inkonzo ye-Debt: Eyinhloko kanye nenzalo ekhokhwayo ekhangiswe kwimisebenzi yenhloko- dolobha yangaphambili (izibopho).

ICapital Expenditures ibalulekile, izindleko zesikhathi eside zempahla engokoqobo. Lezi yizinto eziwusizo eminyakeni eminingana, njengokwakha isiteshi somlilo esisha, ukubuyisela umgwaqo omkhulu, ukuthuthukisa isikhungo sokulungisa imoto, noma ukuthenga imikhumbi emisha yamaphoyisa. Ngenxa yokuthi lezindleko zinkulu futhi azihambi, zikhokhwa kakhulu ngemali (izibonda) kunokusetshenziswa kwemali yaminyaka yonke. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kokusebenza nokusetshenziswa kwemali emhlabeni wokufa. Idolobha elibangisa inhloko yendlu (isibonelo., ukukhetha ukungaphinde uvale imigwaqo) kungabukeka njengokusetshenziswa kwemali esebenzayo, kodwa kunciphekelele izindleko eziphambili.

Indima Yeziqiwi Nokulinganisela Kwemali

Enye yezimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuzinza kwedolobha ukulingana kwalo okuthandwayo , okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "isikhwama sosuku oluphansi" lokhu ngokuyinhloko i-akhawunti yokulondoloza imali yedolobha. Yimali ebekelwe kude nezilinganiso zangaphambili ukuze kusingathwe izimo eziphuthumayo (njengesiphepho esikhulu) noma inzuzo efinyele (njengentengo ephansi).

Ochwepheshe bezezimali batusa ukuba amadolobha alondoloze isikhwama esilinganiselwe semali ekhona okungenani emalini ewunyaka engu-16,67% yezindleko zokusebenza, ezilingana nezinyanga ezimbili zokusebenza. Idolobha elinosikhwama olunciphileyo lisebenzisa imali engaphezu kwaleyo eliyisebenzisayo futhi lisengozini yezinkinga zezimali. Idolobha elinemali eqinile, ekhulayo ihlakaniphile. Nokho, ukulinganisela okukhulu kakhulu kwemali kungabonisa ukuthi idolobha lithena izakhamuzi zalo. Ukubuza ukuthi kungani ukulinganisela kwemali kuyinkinga eqophelweni elithile lokubuza noma imuphi umlindi wemali.

Izinqubo Eziwusizo Zokuhlanganyela Nenqubo Yohlelo Lokusebenzisa Imali

Ukwazi ukuthi imali isetshenziswa kanjani kuyingxenye yempi, isinyathelo esilandelayo sisuke sihlanganyela ngentshiseko enqubweni eyibumbayo.

Qonda Ikhalenda Lohlelo Lokusetshenziswa Kwemali

Idolobha ngalinye lisebenza ekhalendeni lokuhlela imali. Ukuqonda leli thuba kuyinzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu ongaba nayo. Le nqubo ivame ukuqala ezinyangeni ngaphambi kokuba unyaka uqale. Ikhalenda livame ukulandela lezi zigaba:

  1. Ukulungiselela (izinyanga ezi-6 ngaphambi kokuqala): iminyango yeTolophu ithumela izicelo zayo zohlelo lokusebenzisa imali kumphathi weTolo noma uMqondisi wezeMali.
  2. Iprojekthi (izinyanga ezingu-2-3 ngaphambi kokuqala): Umphathi wedolobha unikeza uhlelo lwemali oluhlongozwayo eMkhandlwini weDolobha noma eHlaziyani lokuKhetha.
  3. iview & Izinsuku zomsebenzi (1-2 ngaphambi kokuqala): Umkhandlu uba nezingxenye zomsebenzi eziningiliziwe, ngokuvamile uvulekela umphakathi, lapho usakaza khona izingxenye zemigqa yehlelo.
  4. Ukuzwa kwePublic (amasonto amabili-4 ngaphambi kokuqala): Ukuqulwa kwamacala okungokomthetho kuqhutshelwa lapho izakhamuzi zingakhuluma khona.
  5. I-Adroop (ngaphambi kokuqala konyaka): Umkhandlu uvota ukuze usebenzise uhlelo lokugcina lokuhlela.

Uma ufuna ukuthonya uhlelo lokuhlela imali, kudingeka ube matasa phakathi nesigaba sokulungiselela nokubukeza, hhayi nje i-Operal Living. Ngesikhathi kufika ukuzwa komphakathi, izinqumo ezinkulu kakhulu sezixoxwe kakade. Lungela emalungwini omkhandlu nakumphathi wedolobha ngaphambi kokuba isihlongozo siqediwe. Ukuya emsebenzini kuthinta kakhulu kunokuya ekulaleleni kokugcina.

Ubufakazi Obuphumelelayo Nokukhohlisa

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usekela ukuxhasa imali eyengeziwe emtatsheni wezincwadi noma uphikisa ukwanda kwentela, indlela okhuluma ngayo ngendaba yakho.

  • Bheka ngokuqondile: Esikhundleni sokuthi "Sidinga imali eyengeziwe kumapaki," sho "Imali yamanje inikeza u-R350 000 ukuze ilondolozwe indlela, kodwa i-Frays Master Plan idinga u-R180 000 ukuvimbela ukuguguleka nokugcina imizila iphephile."
  • Sebenzisa iData: ikhomba izihloko ezithile ze-layini kanye nezincwadi zokuhlelwa kohlelo. Qhathanisa nezindleko zonyaka onyaka. "Uhlelo lokuhlela imali lwenani lamaphoyisa luye lwanyuka iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15% uma izinga lobugebengu selilokhu liyisicaba. Sisikisela ukuba imali emalini eyimfihlo ezinkonzweni zentsha."
  • Ukungenisa a Trade-off: Uqaphele ukuthi uhlelo lwemali luphathelene nokungasetshenziswa kwemali. Uma ufuna ukuchitha imali eningi endaweni eyodwa, isikisela ukuthi imali ingavelaphi, noma ivume ukuthi ingadinga ukwenyuka kwentela.
  • Ukwakha i-Coalition: Iqembu lezakhamuzi ezingu-20 ezikhuluma ngezwi elilodwa linethonya elikhulu kunabantu abangu-20 abakhuluma ngokwahlukana. Yakha iqembu lokukhuluma, ukuhlanganyela amaphuzu okukhuluma, nokupakisha imihlangano.

Kunemithombo eminingi ekhona yokusiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqonde ukuthi zingahileleka kanjani endaweni yazo. Ngokwesibonelo, iNational League of Cities ikhipha iziqondiso ezibanzi ekuthatheni iqhaza lomphakathi elingakusiza ukuba uhlele i-divocation yakho ngokuphumelelayo (INhlangano Yesizwe Yamadolobha - CBICO Cuc Bekincment)[[FL:1].

Ubuchwepheshe Obuhlanyayo Nemininingwane Evulekile

Sezidlule izinsuku lapho ikhophi yemali kuphela yayiyikhophi enkulu ehhovisi likanobhala wedolobha. Amadolobha amaningi manje afaka izinhlelo zawo ze-intanethi, futhi amaningi asebenzisa izinhlelo zokuhlela uhlelo lokubona. Izinhlelo ezinjengo-Open Gov noma i-Vre Gov ikuvumela ukuba ubone ukusetshenziswa kwamashadi namagraph, qhathanisa idolobha lakho nalolo olufanayo, futhi ucwebeze emnyangweni othile. Uma idolobha lakho lisebenzisa le program, yisebenzise ngokugcwele. Uma lingayifuni, icela ukuba yamukelwe. Imali yokuhlela imali iyimali ekhanyayo.

Ungasebenzisa futhi ubuchwepheshe ukuze ulandelele inqubo. Ukusayina uhlu lwe-imeyili yedolobha, ukukhokhela ipheshana lomphathi wedolobha, futhi ulandele amalungu omkhandlu wakho kwi-wendali yezenhlalo. Amadolobha amaningi ahlala ngemidanti yemisebenzi yawo nemihlangano. Ungabuka usuka ekhaya unikeze izimpendulo zomphakathi nge-imeyili. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ube isakhamuzi esithembiwe ngokugcwele ngaphandle kokuya ngokoqobo kuyo yonke imihlangano yakusihlwa.

Ukunqoba Izithiyo Ezivamile Zokusebenzisa Ukuqonda

Kulula ukudumala lapho ubhekene namakhasi ayikhulu emali kanye nocingo oluqinile, awuwedwa. Ubunkimbinkimbi bezimali zikamasipala buyisithiyo ngamabomu noma ngokungahlosile esigcina izakhamuzi eziningi ziseceleni. Nansi indlela yokunqoba izithiyo ezivame kakhulu.

Ukunqoba Ubuciko Nokuyinkimbinkimbi

Ingxenye ngayinye inolimi lwayo, futhi uhulumeni wendawo awuhlukile. Amagama afana "nemikhawulo," "imingcele," "imali ekhululekile" angadida. Ungavumeli amagama asetshenziswayo ukuba akuvimbele. Amabhukwana amaningi ahlanganisa ukucaciswa kweqongo lemuva. Ukugxila ekuqondeni isithombe esikhulu kuqala: ingqikithi yemali, imali echithweyo, kanye nemali elinganiselwe. Khona - ke, hlela phansi eminyangweni yezimali ozinakekela kakhulu. I-inthanethi ingumcebo onamandla. Funani amagama anjenge "ibhayoloji yokuhlela" ukuthola iziqondiso zesihle. I-Goopenvbzig, ngokwesibonelo, inikeza inani lezincazelo eziqondile zendlela yokuhlela imali [FF:]

Ukuthola Isikhathi Sokuhlanganyela

Ukuphila kumatasa. Phakathi komsebenzi, umkhaya, nezinye izibopho, ukunikezela amahora ekuhlolweni kwendlela yokuhlela kungaba yikho ukuzizwa kungenakwenzeka. Qala imizuzu engu-30 uhlola isishwankathelo semali. Zibekele umgomo wokuya esiqephini esisodwa somsebenzi. Zibophelele ephepheni lezindaba lendawo elihlanganisa imihlangano yedolobha. Akudingeki ube uchwepheshe kuyo yonke imigqa. Qondanisa izindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu kuwe. [1] Uma nje kuyimali yesikole, ukulungisa imigwaqo, noma ukuvikela umphakathi. Izakhamuzi ezigxile kuleyo mihlangano yedolobha ziphumelela kakhulu kunezinto ezikhungathekisekile.

Ukubhekana Nokuntula Ukubona Kahle

Uma idolobha lakho lenza kube nzima ukuthola ulwazi lokuhlela noma ukukhuluma ngokungacacisi, okuyifulege elibomvu. Ukungabonakali kuvame ukuba uphawu lokungaqondi kahle kwendlela yokuphatha. Uma ungatholi uhlelo lokusebenzisa imali kuwebhusayithi, shayela ucingo uMnyango wezezimali noma i-Town Clerk bese ucela. Uma ibhukwana lemali yemali lingenayo imininingwane (umz., ukuhlukanisa zonke izisebenzi zibiza inani elilodwa esikhundleni sokuziwisa ngomsebe), cela inguqulo ebanzi ngokwengeziwe. Uma uhluleka ukumelana, hlela. Umsebenzi nomakhelwane bakho ukucela ushintsho olusemthethweni enqubweni yemali. Ungasebenzisa futhi i-"Freedom of Information Act (FOI)[FLD] [FLD] esimweni sokukhipha imvume yezezena yezena. Ibhukwana eliyisekelayo eliyimali eliyisekela kakhulu imvume yokuvikela umphakathi.

Isiphetho: I - Resident Enekhono IwuMthofu Onamandla Kakhulu

Ukuqonda uhlelo lwemali lwedolobha lakini akuwona nje umsebenzi wezemali owenziwa emphakathini; kuyisenzo sokunika amandla. Kukushukumisela ekubeni ube umthengi ongenzi lutho wemisebenzi kahulumeni ukuze ube umklami okhuthele wesikhathi esizayo somphakathi wakho. Uma uqonda uhlelo lwemali, ungabona kuwe izithembiso ezingenanjongo. Ungasekela ngokuphumelelayo ingcebo oyifunayo emphakathini wakho. Ungaba neshende lokusebenzisa imali ephambili. Ukuhlela imali ephambili ebhaliswe kuwo. Idolobha kungumbhalo owodwa wemithetho ekhiqizwa unyaka ngamunye, ngoba yenza izindinganiso nezinto eziza kuqala. Ngokuyifaka inzuzo, utshala isikhathi sokuyichaza, ukuchuma, nokuzivuselela komphakathi wakho. Qala namuhla ngokukhipha imali yakho yokusebenzisa i-intanethi, ukuthola umgxato wento oyifunayo, nokubuza umbuzo olula?