Ukuqonda Ubukhosi Nokubusa

Ukubusa kuyisici esiyisisekelo sanoma yimuphi umphakathi, siguqula indlela amandla asetshenziswa ngayo, izinqumo zenziwa ngayo, futhi kunikezwa ingcebo. Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zokubusa, ukubusa kombuso kufana nesinye sezimiso ezindala kakhulu nezihlala njalo. Naphezu kokusakazeka kwembulunga yonke kwesimiso sombuso wentando yeningi enkathini yanamuhla, imibuso iyaqhubeka ikhona ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene emazweni angaphezu kwamashumi amane, ithonya ezombangazwe, amasiko, kanye nokuzichaza kwayo. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlola okuqhubekayo kombuso: incazelo yayo, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu, ukuqhathaniswa nezinye izimiso zokubusa, izinzuzo, nendima ekhona emhlabeni wamanje. Kungakhathiseki ukuthi ufunda isayensi yezombangazwe, ukulungiselela ukuphikisana, noma nje ukufuna ukwazi indlela yokuhlela izinhlangano ezihlukahlukene, lesi siqondiso esinegunya esiphethe umhlaba wonke.

Ukuchaza Imibuso Kakhulu – Imibono Nezimfanelo

Umbuso wobukhosi uyindlela yokubusa lapho igunya eliphakeme linikezwa khona umuntu oyedwa, obizwa ngokuthi inkosi. Lesisikhundla sifuzwa njengefa, sidluliselwe emkhayeni wasebukhosini ngokwemithetho emisiwe yokulandelana. Nokho, ukubusa kombuso akusona isimiso esisodwa sombuso; kuyahlukahluka kakhulu uma kubhekwa amandla enkosi angempela, ukubusa komthetho okulawula indima, kanye nobuhlobo phakathi komqhele namanye amagatsha ohulumeni. Izici eziyinhloko ezichaza ubukhosi zihlanganisa:

  • Impumelelo engokobudala: Imibuso eminingi ilandela ukudluliswa kwamandla okusekelwe ohlwini lohlu, ngokuvamile ikhetha iprimogenito (izibulo noma indodana idla ifa lesihlalo sobukhosi). Ezinye izimiso ziye zathatha i-primogeneture elinganayo, ivumela umntwana omdala kungakhathaliseki ubulili ukuba aphumelele.
  • uBuhosa Obukhulu:[ ngokomlando, inkosi yayibhekwa njengomthombo oyinhloko wegunya lezombangazwe, ngokuvamile ithola ukufaneleka ngokwesiko laphezulu noma elikhona isikhathi eside. Kumthetho sisekelo we-monarchy, ubukhosi buhlanganyelwa noma budluliselwe ezindikimbeni ezikhethiwe.
  • I-Ceremonial nendima engokomfanekiso:[ Ngisho noma amandla angempela ezombangazwe elinganiselwe, i-monarch ivame ukusebenza njengenhloko yemikhosi yezwe, imelela ubunye besizwe nokuqhubekeka komlando.
  • Ubomi obude: Ngaphandle kwezenzakalo ezingavamile zobuhlanga, inkosi ikhonza ukuphila, inikeza ukuqina kwesikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa nabaholi abakhethiwe abanezinqumo ezimisiwe.

Umqondo wokubusa kobukhosi ujule kakhulu empucukweni yabantu, uvela ngokwawo kuwo wonke amasiko kusukela eGibithe lasendulo kuya eYurophu ephakathi, kusukela eMpumalanga Asia kuya e-Saharan Afrika eseningizimu. Ukuqonda lezi zici eziyisisekelo kusiza ekuhleleni ingxoxo ngendlela amamonarch asebenza ngayo ngokuhlukile emhlabeni wonke.

Ukuziphendukela Okungokomlando Kobukhosi

Imvelaphi Yasendulo Nobukhosi Baphezulu

Imibuso yasendulo yavela eMpumalanga Eseduze yasendulo, lapho ababusi abanjengoFaro waseGibithe babebhekwa njengonkulunkulu abaphilayo noma abalamuli phakathi kwendawo yaphezulu nefayo. Izindlela ezifanayo zavela eMesopotamia, e - Indus Valley, naseChina yakudala. Lamakhosi aphelele ayelawula inkolo, impi, negunya, ngokuvamile esebenzisa izakhiwo ezidumile nemibhalo ebhaliwe ukuze agunyaze ukubusa kwawo. Umqondo wamakhosi aphezulu wagxila ngokukhethekile eYurophu enkathini ephakathi, lapho amakhosi athi igunya lawo ayevela khona ngokuqondile kuNkulunkulu, okwenza ukuvukela kube yinqaba efanayo.

Ubufandazwe Nemibuso Yamakhosi YangeNkathi Ephakathi

Phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi, amamonarcharch aseYurophu aqala ukuvela phakathi kwezimiso ezihlukanisa amandla phakathi kwezikhulu, abefundisi, nomqhele. AmaKhosi ayevame ukuba ama-primus parante (owokuqala phakathi kwabalinganayo) kunababusi abaphelele. IMagna Carta yekhulu le-1215, eyasayinwa iNkosi uJohn waseNgilandi, yaphawula ingqopha - phambili ekulinganiseleni amandla obukhosi nokumisa isimiso sokuthi inkosi yayingaphansi komthetho. Lenkathi futhi yabona ukuphakama kwezindikimba zephalamende, njengePhalamende laseNgilandi neSivumelwano seSipho sase-Grentshithe, esaluleka izikhulu zenkosi futhi sanika intela. Ukudlana phakathi kwenkosi nezikhulu kwamisa izigaba zemithetho yamakhulu eminyaka kamuva.

Ukufuna Ukuxazulula Izinkinga

Inkathi yasekuqaleni yekhulu leminyaka lesi-16th-18) yabona ukwanda kwemibuso ephelele eYurophu, eyafingqwa uLouis XIV waseFrance, owamisa umbuso waseVersailles futhi wakha iSigodlo saseSigodlo seSirsa njengesibonakaliso sokubusa kobukhosi. Amakhosi aphelele afuna ukulawula zonke izici zombuso nomphakathi, ngokuvamile ngokusebenzisa amabhulanti namabutho amile. Nokho, ukukhanyiselwa kwaletha izinselele zefilosofi kongqondo enjengoJohn Locke noMontesquie, owasekela ukwahlukana kwemibuso nenkululeko engokwemvelo. Inguquko yaseMelika (17766) kanye neNguquko yeFrance (189) yagumbuqela ngokuqondile ukubusa kwemibuso yamazwe awo ahlukene, imisa ushintsho olungokwezombangazwe oludala.

Ukushintsha Ngokuvamile Ebukhosini Bomthetho - sisekelo

Kulo lonke ikhulu le-19 nelama-20, imibuso eminingi yaseYurophu yaguqulwa yaba izimiso zomthetho-sisekelo, igcina umbuso njengesimiso esingokomfanekiso lapho idlulisela amandla ezombangazwe angempela ukuba akhethe amaphalamende. IZinguquko zeGlouous (1688) kakade yayisibeke isisekelo ngokumisa iphalamende. Amazwe amaningi anjengeSweden, iNorway, iDenmark, neJapane athatha amalungiselelo afanayo. Ngokungafani, amanye amamonarchis awiswa ngenxa yempi, ukuvukela, noma ukuguqula izakhiwo zezombangazwe (ngonyaka ka-1917), i-Jalimane (1918), kanye ne-Italy (1946), namuhla, ama-monarchism asindayo awe-universal, kanye negunya eliqinile lezombangazwe.

Izinhlobo Ezinkulu Zobukhosi Ezweni Lanamuhla

Inkosi ephelele

Kumbuso ophelele, inkosi inegunya elingenamingcele phezu kwezwe futhi ayiboshiwe umthetho-sisekelo noma imithetho edluliswa yisishaya-mthetho. Umbusi angamisa imithetho, amise izikhulu, aqondise ibutho lezempi, futhi alawule izomnotho. Izibonelo zanamuhla zihlanganisa iSaudi Arabia, i-Brunei, i-Eman, ne-Eswatini (eyayiyiSwazini). Kulezi zimiso, inkosi ivame ukuthatha igunya emithonjeni engokwenkolo noma engokwesiko. Ngokwesibonelo, iNkosi yaseSaudi Arabia iphethe isiqu sikaCustodian weMibili Mosques, ihlanganisa ubuholi bezombangazwe obungokwenkolo ngokusemthethweni. Abagxeki babhali baphikisa bathi inkosi iswele imishini nesilinganiso, izingozi.

Inkosi Yomthetho - sisekelo

Imibuso ye-constitul iyindlela evame kakhulu namuhla. Lapha, amagunya enkosi achazwa futhi alinganiselwe umthetho-sisekelo, ongase ubhalwe noma ungabikho. Inkosi isebenza njengenhloko yesizwe ngokwesiko, kuyilapho izikhulu ezikhethiwe (isikhulu se-prime, ipalamente) zisebenzisa igunya lokubusa. Izibonelo zihlanganisa iUnited Kingdom, Canada, Australia, i-Sweden, i-Spenia, i-Spain, ne-Netherlands. Kulezizizwe, i-monarch “ignign kodwa ayibuyi mbuso,” yenza imisebenzi enjengepalement, imelela izwe elikude, futhi yenza njengophawu lokuqhubekela phambili. Izikhundla zemithetho ye-mthetho-mthetho ye-zomthetho ngokuvamile zijabulela amazinga aphakeme okuzinziwa kwezombangazwe nokusekela umphakathi, ngokuhlola okuphelele, ngokwezinsika ka-mona.

Inkosi Enekhono

Ebuseni obukhethwe ngokukhetha, inkosi ikhethwa ngokhetho olungokomthetho kunokuba izuze isikhundla ngokuzalwa. Ngokomlando, uMbuso oNgcwele wamaRoma wawukhethe ababusi, futhi imisebenzi yobupapa njengombuso ongokwasezulwini okhethwe ngokukhethwa. Namuhla, iMalaysia isebenzisa umbusi ohlukile ojikelezayo phakathi kwamankosi angu-fuzo ayisishiyagalolunye, ngamunye ukhonza igama leminyaka emihlanu njengeNkosi (Yang di-Pertuan Agong). Nakuba ivelakancane, imibuso ekhethweyo ixuba amasiko afuze amasiko afuzohlulwa ngesilinganiso esithile sokukhetha, nakuba upapa okhethiwe ngokuvamile ekhonza iqembu elincane lezikhulu noma abadala.

Umbusi ophethe

Inkosi kahulumeni ihlanganisa ukumiswa kwenkosi nesimiso sezombangazwe sikahulumeni, lapho umbuso uhlukaniswa khona phakathi kukahulumeni omkhulu nemibuso. I-United Arabhu Emirates iyisibonelo esivelele: izidleke eziyisikhombisa ngayinye zinombusi wazo ofuzo (emir), futhi omunye wabo ukhonza njengoMongameli wezwe. Amamonalw angazisiza ekuhlanganiseni izifunda ezihlukahlukene ngaphansi kwenhloko eyodwa engokomfanekiso kodwa ngokuqondene nesikhundla sendawo.

Ukuqhathaniswa Kwemibuso Nezinye Izinhlobo Zokubusa

Inkosi enkulu vs. uhulumeni wentando yeningi

Kuhulumeni wentando yeningi, ubukhosi bumi kubantu, abasebenzisa amandla ngokhetho olukhululekile nokumelelwa. Amandla asakazwa phakathi kwamagatsha kahulumeni, aqinisekisa ukulandisa nokuvikela amalungelo. Ngokungafani namamonarchy, abaholi bentando yeningi baye banquma izinqumo futhi bangaphansi kokhetho lwezikhathi ezithile. Nokho, imibuso eminingi yezobukhomanisi ilawulwa ngentando yeningi ngokugcwele; imibuso ekhona kanye nentando yeningi. Umehluko oyinhloko usemakhanda ezweni: ukhethiwe (noma umisiwe) eRepublic windism ehlangene nefaksity. Ukucwaninga kusikisela ukuthi imibuso yezomthetho-sisekelo we-mostoliginic ingaveza ukuqina, njengoba inkosi yesifunda yesifunda isendaweni ephakeme ingaphezu kokuncintisana kwezombangazwe.

Monarchy vs.

Irepublic uhlobo lukahulumeni lapho inhloko yezwe ingowodwa noma imiswe khona (kaningi umongameli), ingeyona inkosi ewufuzo. Amarepublic amaningi anamuhla angowentando yeningi, nakuba amanye eyintando yeningi. Umehluko phakathi kombuso wombuso womthetho - sisekelo nephalamende ungacaci: bobabili baye bakhetha ohulumeni, kodwa abangaphambili bagcina inhloko yezwe ewufuzo, kuyilapho lowo okhethiwe (noma umongameli) ekhethwe. Amazwe anjenge-United States, iFrance, ne-Indiya angamaRepublicrac. Impikiswano emayelana nokuthi i-ropistrianism ivame ukubekwa ngezindleko, isiko, isiko, nophawu.

I - monarchy vs.

Imibuso yobubusi igxilisa amandla kumholi oyedwa noma eqenjini elincane ngaphandle kokulandisa okunenjongo emphakathini. Nakuba amanye amamonarch aphelele esebenza njengezimiso ze-denarity, akuwona wonke ama-monarchy abusa ngempoqo; imibuso ye-monarchy isebenza phakathi kwesimiso sentando yeningi. Umbhali we-osterrianism ukhona kuwo wonke amarepublic, i-juntas, nezifunda-mpi. Isici esibucayi siwukuba khona kokuhlolwa nokulinganisela, ukubusa komthetho, kanye nenkululeko yomphakathi

Umbusi ongokwasezulwini v.

Umbuso ongokwasezulwini uyisimiso lapho abaholi benkolo bebusa khona egameni likankulunkulu noma umthetho wenkolo. Amanye amamonarch, njengoSaudi Arabia, ahlanganisa izici eziqinile ezingokwasezulwini, njengoba inkosi iqinisa umthetho wamaSulumane (u-Sharia) futhi isho ukuthi inegunya elingokwenkolo. Nokho, imibuso eminingi yanamuhla ingeyezwe, ngisho noma iphethe inhloko yesonto (umk., inkosi yaseBrithani njengoMbusi oPhakeme weSonto laseNgilandi). Ukufakwa kwamandla enkolo nawombuso wezombangazwe kuyisici esivelele kakhulu sombuso ongokwasezulwini kunalesosigaba esivamile.

Izinzuzo Zobukhosi

  • I-Pialitic Tristical ty and Continnuty: ngoba amamonarch asebenzela ukuphila futhi alandelanayo, amamonarch anganikeza ukuqina okuthatha isikhathi eside. Agwema izinto zokuhola ezihlupha amarepublic ngezinye izikhathi phakathi noshintsho. Amazwe anjenge-United Kingdom aye alondoloza isimiso somthetho sisekelo esifanayo amakhulu eminyaka, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yethonya eliqinisayo lombuso.
  • Non-Partisan Inhloko yeZwe: Embusweni womthetho-sisekelo, i-monarch ingaphezulu kwezombangazwe zeqembu, isebenza njengenani elihlanganisayo phakathi nezinkinga. Lokhu kungakhuthaza ukuhlangana kwesizwe, ikakhulukazi emazweni anezigaba ezijulile zezombangazwe. Imisebenzi yenkosi yemikhosi ``ivula', ukuthengiselwa phambili, imithelela yezomthetho-mthetho-mthetho--mthetho----------igonome', ukumiswa kwemithelelana, ukuqhubekela phambili kwezwe kungakhathaliseki imiphumela yokhetho.
  • Izandulela zeHealfametics neNational Adentium: Izikhulu zivame ukuhlanganisa umlando wezwe, amasiko, namasiko. Imikhosi nezinhlangano zobukhosi ziheha ezokuvakasha futhi zifake iqhaza emandleni aphansi. Ngokwesibonelo, imibuso yaseBrithani iveza izinzuzo ezinkulu zezomnotho ngokuvakasha nangokushisela.
  • Umbono oqeqeshiwe wesikhathi eside: Inkosi efuzo ingabheka izithakazelo zesizwe isikhathi eside uma kuqhathaniswa nezazi zezombangazwe ezigxile emijikelezweni emifushane yokukhetha. Nakuba lempikiswano ivame ukucatshangelwa, ezinye izazimlando zitusa ukusekela izisekelo zemisebenzi yemvelo nezimiso zezenhlalo ezihlanganisa izizukulwane.

Izingozi Zobukhosi

  • Umholi we-democratic Accouncition: ulwephula isimiso sokuthi ababusi kufanele bakhethwe futhi baphendulelwe abantu. Kumamonarchy aphelele, cishe akukho kuhlola amandla enkosi, okuholela ekucindezeleni nasekukhohlakaleni okungase kwenzeke.
  • Ukukhokha intela: Ukulondoloza indlu yasebukhosini, izigodlo, ukulondeka, nemicimbi yemikhosi kungabiza kakhulu. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi lemali yomphakathi ingasetshenziswa kangcono ezimisweni zezenhlalo. Izinga elihlukile: umkhokhi wentela ngamunye we-UK ubiza $1.30 ngonyaka (Mobile Grant), kuyilapho i-monarchy eyeqisayo ibiza izindleko eziphakeme.
  • IProthelial for Tyranny: ngaphandle kwemingcele engokomthetho-mthetho, inkosi ephelele ingaba umashiqela, icindezele ukungavumelani nokuphula amalungelo abantu. Umlando unikeza izibonelo eziningi, kusukela kuLouis XIV kuya kumabhomu amafutha aphoqelelwe anamuhla.
  • Ukungalingani neSipho: i-Monarch engokwemvelo iqhubekisela phambili isigaba esiphezulu esisekelwe ekuzalweni kunokuba sifaneleke. Lokhu kungalinganisela izikhulu zezenhlalo futhi kubeke amathuba ezakhamuzi ezingezona ezobukhosi.
  • Isikhonkwane sobuProfethi obungalawuleki: Ukulandelana kwe-heast akuqinisekisi ukufaneleka. Uma indlalifa ingakufanelekeli ukubusa ("ngenxa yokukhubazeka, ukwahlulela okungafanelekile, noma ukuntuleka kwesithakazelo) lelizwe liyahlupheka. Izikhulu zomthetho-mthetho zenza lokhu kunciphe ngokulinganisela indima ye-monarch, kodwa isikhundla esingokomfanekiso singaneliswanga kahle.

Imibuso Yamakhosi Yanamuhla Ekwenza Umkhuba - cwaningo Lwezigwebo

Inkosi Yomthetho - sisekelo: I - United Kingdom

Umbuso wamakhosi aseBrithani mhlawumbe uwumbuso odume kakhulu womthetho-sisekelo. Indlovukazi u-Elizabeth II yabusa iminyaka engu-70, isebenza njengophawu lokuqhubeka nokuzinza nokuzinza. Inkosi yamanje, iNkosi uCharles III, yenza imisebenzi yemikhosi ngokuyinhloko, kuyilapho uNdunankulu noMphathi wePhalamende uphethe amandla ombuso nesimiso sokushaya umthetho. Lobu mbuso busebenza ngaphansi kwesimiso sikaMbusi uGrant, sixhaswe yizikhulu ezikhokhelwa abakhokhi bentela, futhi sisezimpikiswaneni eziqhubekayo ngokubaluleka nokuzibhicophelela. Imfucumfuno isekela ngokuqinile ubukhosi phakathi komphakathi waseBrithani, nakuba ikhona izizukulwane ezishana.

Inkosi Yomthetho - sisekelo: IJapane

Umbuso wamakhosi waseJapane, iCrysantheum Throne, uwumbuso wefa oqhubekekade kunawo wonke emhlabeni, osukela ku-660 BC ngokwesiko. UMbusi akanagunya lezombangazwe ngaphansi komthetho-sisekelo wezwe wangemva kweMpi Yezwe II; usebenza njengophawu lwezwe nobunye babantu. UMbusi wamanje uNaruto wenza izindima ezingokwesiko nezesiko. Umbuso waseJapane ujabulela ukusekela okukhulu komphakathi futhi uhlobene eduze nomthetho wesiko kanye namasiko obuShinto.

I - monarchy Ephelele: Saudi Arabia

ISaudi Arabia iyisibonelo esivelele sokubusa kombuso okuphelele lapho inkosi iphethe khona isiqu soNdunankulu futhi inegunya elikhulu phezu kwesikhulu, i-province, negatsha lokwahlulela. Ukuba semthethweni kombuso wenkosi ngokwengxenye kuthathwa ekuvikeleni kwayo izindawo ezingcono kakhulu zamaSulumane. Eminyakeni yamuva, uCride Prince Mohammed Bin Salman uye waqinisa amandla, ephishekela ukubekwa kwesimanje (i-Vusion 2030) kuyilapho elondoloza ukulawula kobushiqela. Umbuso we-Saudiusdius ubhekene nokugxekwa okuvela ezinhlanganweni zamalungelo abantu ngenxa yokuswela kwenkululeko yentando yeningi.

Inkosi Enekhono: IMalaysia

Isimiso esiyingqayizivele saseMalaysia siveza inkosi yomthetho-sisekelo, iYang di-Pertuan Agong, ekhethwe njalo ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu isuka kubabusi bombuso abayisishiyagalolunye abazuza ifa. Lobububusi obushintshashintshayo busiza ekulinganiseni amandla phakathi kwezifunda ezihlukahlukene namaqembu ezinhlanga. Indima yenkosi ishoshoshoda kakhulu, kodwa iyaqhubeka nemibuso ethile elawulayo, njengokumisa uNdunankulu ngemva kokukhetha okuvamile. Lesimiso senhlanganisela sizama ukuhlanganisa amasiko nentando yeningi yentando yeningi.

Izinselele Nekusasa Lobukhosi

Imibuso ibhekene nezinselele eziningi zamanje ezizolawula ukusinda kwayo nokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Okokuqala, izinhlangano zomphakathi ziyaqhubeka zifuna ukuqedwa emazweni anjenge-United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, ne-Spain. Lezinhlangano zivame ukuphawula izindleko, ukungalingani, kanye nohlobo lwamandla emfuyo. Okwesibili, ukucindezela kwanamuhla kudinga ukuba imibuso yombusi ivumelane: ukuhlola imithombo yezokuxhumana, ifuna ukuba ukukhanya, nokushintsha kwezindinganiso zomphakathi kunciphe ukuthatha indiva. Inhlekelele yesithathu, ngezinye izikhathi iphakama kwezindleko, ingoko qhawe, lapho imfuno yenkosi ingathandeki noma lapho kunempikiswano ngemithetho elandelanayo (njengobangendaba yenkosi i-Juan I ye-Spain i-Aloston phakathi namahlazona).

Naphezu kwalezi zinselele, imibuso yenkosi iye yazibonakalisa iqinile ngokuphawulekayo. Imibuso yezomthetho ikakhulukazi iye yavumelana ngokulahla umbuso wezombangazwe kuyilapho ilondoloza igunya elingokomfanekiso, iba “amarepublic ayizindela.” Abanye ososayensi bezombangazwe baphikisa ngokuthi amamonarcha anikeza ihlola eliwusizo ngokumelene nobupopulism nobukhomanisi, nokuthi ukuqhubeka kwawo kuvikela ubunye besizwe. Ikusasa lombuso wenkosi cishe lihlanganisa ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuqhubekayo: ukuba ngcono kakhulu, ukunciphisa izindleko, nokugcizelela amandla aphansi kakhulu ngezingxoxo zomthetho, isiko, isiko, nesisa. Uma nje bekwazi ukulinganisela isiko namathemba anamuhla, amaronarchy ngeke anyamalale ngokuphelele embulukeni yembulunga yonke.

Isiphetho

Umbusi uyindlela ehlukene nenolwazi olungokomlando olunezinto eziningi ezibusayo eziqhubeka zikhona ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, kusukela kubabusi abanamandla baseMpumalanga ephakathi kuya kuzikhulu ezingokwesiko eYurophu nase-Asia. Ukuqonda ukuhlukahluka kwemisuka yayo yasendulo (ukusukela ezimisweni zayo zasendulo kuya kwezinye izici zomthetho-sisekelo wanamuhla) zenza kube nokuqonda okubalulekile ngendlela izinhlangano ezihlela ngayo amandla, zilondoloza namasiko ashintshile. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zibhekwa njengendawo ephelelwe isikhathi noma isikhungo esizinzile, i-romastry ihlala iyindaba ephawulekayo yokufunda ngesayensi yezombangazwe kanye nento engokoqobo kwezinye izinhlelo zakudala. Ngokuqhathanisa izinhlelo zezimiso zembulunga enjengezentando yeningi, amasheyasebusweni, ama-athoristism, ne-athoristism, sizuza ukwazisa okujulileyo kwezithombe ezibusayo ezibusayo ezibusayo ezibusayo ezibusayo. Njengoba ukuguqula umhlaba, izimo zenkosi ziqhubeka ukuthuthukisa, ukuveza isilinganiso esingokwesiko esivamile esisemhlabeni.

Ukuze ufunde ngokwengeziwe, hlola imithombo enegunya njenge Encclopedia Britannica ukungena embusweni wenkosi [, BC's ingchaza umthetho-sisekelo wombuso [[, kanye nezifundo zemfundo njenge “ Amacharty eZweni lanamuhla” nguJohn H. Mittelmeier [ wokuhlolwa ngokujule kakhulu.]