Table of Contents

Izimali zomphakathi zimelela isisekelo esingokwezimali semisebenzi kahulumeni wanamuhla, okwenza izigidi zezakhamuzi zithembele kuso nsuku zonke.

Kuyini Ukuxhasa Komphakathi?

Imali exhaswa umphakathi ibhekisela emalini iziphathimandla zikahulumeni eziyihlelayo ukuze zisekele izinhlelo, izinkonzo, nemisebenzi yezesisekelo. Lemali itholakala ngokuyinhloko kubakhokhi bentela futhi ihanjiswa ngesimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi sokuhlela imali, ukunikeza izimemo, kanye nezindlela zokwengamela eziklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukulandisa nokubonakala kwemali echithwa nguhulumeni.

Imali esekelwa umphakathi isebenza njengendlela ohulumeni abafeza ngayo izibopho zabo zomthetho - sisekelo ukuze banakekele inhlalakahle engokwenhlala - kahle. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuhulumeni, esifundazweni, noma endaweni, izimali zomphakathi zisiza ohulumeni ukuba banikeze izinkonzo ezinzima noma ezingenakwenzeka ukuba izinhlangano ezizimele zilungiselele ngokuphumelelayo noma ngokulinganayo.

Ukuqonda lesi simiso kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zihlanganyele ngokuphumelelayo ezinqubweni zentando yeningi futhi kugcine izikhulu zazo ezikhethiwe zinecala ngezinqumo ezingokomthetho.

Imithombo Eyinhloko Yenzuzo Kahulumeni

Izinhlelo zikahulumeni zixhomeke emifuleni yenzuzo ehlukahlukene ukuze kugcinwe imisebenzi futhi kuxhaswe izinyathelo ezintsha. Ukuxubana kwemithombo yemali kuyahluka ngokwezinga likahulumeni, nohulumeni, nombuso, kanye nezindawo ngayinye ithembele ezinhlanganiseni ezihlukene zentela kanye neminye imithombo yeholo.

Intela Ekhokhelwayo

Intela ehlawulwayo imelela enye yemithombo emikhulu kakhulu yemali kahulumeni kahulumeni nohulumeni abaningi bakahulumeni. Intela yeholo ngalinye ikhokhwa ngeholo, iholo, iholo lemali, nezinye izinhlobo zeholo lomuntu siqu. Isimiso sentela yombuso sisebenza ekwakheni isakhiwo esithuthukayo, okusho ukuthi abaholi bakhokhela kakhulu iholo labo ezintela.

Intela edonswayo ishintsha ngezikhathi ezithile ngemithetho, futhi imithetho yentela ihlanganisa izikweletu eziningi, izikweletu, nokungakhokhelwa okuthinta ukuthi abantu nemikhaya bakhokhela malini ekugcineni. Izintela zemali kahulumeni zihlukahluka kakhulu, kanti ezinye izifunda azikho intela yeholo ekhokhwayo uma ezinye zinezakhiwo zentela ezithuthukisiwe noma eziyisicaba.

Intela Ekhokhwayo

Intela ekhokhwayo ikhokhwa ngenzuzo yebhizinisi futhi imele omunye umthombo wenzuzo ephawulekayo wemisebenzi kahulumeni. Uhulumeni uphoqelela intela yemali ekhokhwayo enkampanini ngeholo lenkampani, kuyilapho izifundazwe eziningi ziqoqa intela yenkampani ngamazinga ahlukene. Lentela inikela ekuxhaseni izinhlelo zikahulumeni kuyilapho zisebenza njengethuluzi lenkambiso yezomnotho.

Isimiso sokukhokha intela sisalokhu sidingidwa njalo, lapho kuxoxwa ngentela efanele, ukuncintisana kwezizwe zonke, nokulinganisela phakathi kokukhuthaza ukutshala imali kwezebhizinisi nokuletha inzuzo eyanele emphakathini.

Ukuthengiswa Kwentela Nokuqothulwa Kwayo

Izintela ezikhokhwayo ezithengwayo yintela ekhokhelwayo ekhokhwayo ekhokhwayo. Uhulumeni nohulumeni bendawo bathembele kakhulu enkokhelweni yentela yentela, nakuba amazinga nokungakhokhelwa kuhluka kakhulu ezikhundleni zezwe. Ezinye izifundazwe zikhipha intela yentela noma imithi egunyaziwe, kuyilapho ezinye zikhokha intela yentengo kakhulu ekuthengeni okuningi.

Intela yokukhipha imali intela ekhethekile ezintweni ezithile ezinjengophethiloli, ugwayi, utshwala, nezinto zokunethezeka. Lentela ifeza izinjongo ezimbili: ukukhipha inzuzo nokusebenzisa imikhiqizo engabangela imiphumela emibi emphakathini noma endaweni ezungezile. Ngokwesibonelo, intela ye-gasoline ifaka isisekelo sezokuhamba kuyilapho ithonya nokuziphatha kokushayela.

Intela Yempahla

Intela yempahla iwumthombo oyinhloko wenzuzo yohulumeni bendawo, kuhlanganise nobala, omasipala, nezikole. Lentela ilinganiselwa ngokwenani lezindawo nendawo, futhi kwezinye izindawo, impahla yomuntu siqu njengezimoto noma imishini yezebhizinisi.

Izimali zentela yendawo ezihlanganisa izikole zomphakathi, amaphoyisa neminyango yomlilo, amapaki nezindawo zokuzijabulisa, kanye nokunakekelwa kwezakhiwo zendawo. Izinga lentela yempahla nezindlela zokuhlola izinto ziyahlukahluka ngokwezindawo, futhi izifundazwe eziningi zinikeza izakhamuzi esezikhulile intethelelo noma amazinga ancishisiwe ezakhamuzi, omakad ’ ebona, noma izakhiwo ezisetshenziselwa izinjongo ezithile ezinjengokulima noma ukulondolozwa kwemisebenzi engokomlando.

Ukukhokha Intela

Ukukhokha intela kukhokhelwa izinhlelo ezithile zomshuwalense wezenhlalo, ikakhulukazi i-Social Security and Medicare eqophelweni likahulumeni. Lentela iqoqwa kokubili kubaqashi nezisebenzi, ngayinye inikele ingxenye yeholo elifinyelela emagoqweni athile.

Ngokungafani nentela ekhokhelwa iholo, intela yokukhokha ibhayisekili inikezelwe ezimisweni ezithile futhi ayikho ezimisweni zikahulumeni ezivamile. Lesi sakhiwo esinikezelwe sezimali sisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukugcinwa kwezinhlelo zomshuwalense zezenhlalo isikhathi eside, nakuba izinguquko zenani labantu nezici zezomnotho ziyaqhubeka ziphakamisa imibuzo ngekusasa lokungavumelani kwale misebenzi yezimali.

Izimfene, Izinhle, Namanye Amalungiselelo

Ngaphandle kwentela, ohulumeni bakhipha intela ngentela ehlukahlukene nangentela yezinkonzo ezithile, zihlanganisa ukukhokhela abashayeli nochwepheshe imali, ukuvumela izindleko zokwakha nezokuhweba, amafa asenkantolo nezijeziso, nenkokhelo yomsebenzi ezinkonzo ezinjengemigwaqo ekhokhelwayo, ukuthuthwa komphakathi, nezindawo zokuzijabulisa.

Abanye ohulumeni bakhipha nenzuzo engokwemvelo etholakala ekukhishweni kwemithombo yengcebo, njengowoyela negesi, ukuthengiswa kwezingodo ezivela emazweni omphakathi, noma amalungelo amaminerali ancipha.

Inqubo Yohlelo Lohlelo Lokusetshenziswa Kwemali

Inqubo kahulumeni yokuhlela imali isebenza onyakeni wemali kusukela ngo - October 1 kuya ku - September 30, okudinga ukubambisana okukhulu phakathi kwamagatsha kahulumeni aphethe nezomthetho.

Isicelo Somongameli Sokusetshenziswa Kwemali

Umongameli ufaka isicelo semali eningiliziwe kuMsombuluko wokuqala ngoFebruary. Le ncwadi ebanzi inikeza iziqondiso eziza kuqala nezihlongozo zemali zonyaka ozayo.

Izinhlangano zezezimali ze-Foderal ziqala ukuhlela uhlelo lwezimali olulandelayo cishe ngokushesha nje lapho uMongameli esethumele owokugcina eMkhandlwini, iHhovisi Lokuphathwa Kwezimiso noHlanzelo Lohlelo luqale ngokomthetho lenqubo ngokuthumela isiqondiso ezinhlanganweni zamagatsha eziphethe entwasahlobo.

Isicelo somongameli sokuhlela imali sisebenza njengesiqalo sokuhlobana kwengqungquthela, nakuba uMkhandlu ungaboshiwe ukutusa kukamongameli futhi ngokuvamile wenza izinguquko ezinkulu ukuze kuboniswe izinto eziza kuqala.

Isinqumo Sesimiso Sokusetshenziswa Kwemali Senhlangano

Akukho mthetho omisa uhlelo lwemali lukahulumeni lwaminyaka yonke; kunalokho, uMkhandlu wenza izinqumo zemali nentela ngezenzo ezihlukahlukene zemithetho. ICongregational Baccol Act ka 1974 imisa inqubo yangaphakathi ebizwa ngokuthi inqumbi yokuhlelwa kwesimiso sokuhlela imali ye-commiliary ye-Congress ukuba ihlele futhi iphoqelele icebo eliphelele lokuthatha isinyathelo ngomthetho wemali unyaka ngamunye.

Ukuhlelwa kwesimiso sokuhlela uhlelo lwemali kuhlela amazinga okusebenzisa imali futhi kunikeza uhlelo lwezinqumo ezilandelayo. Kuhlukanisa ukusetshenziswa kwegunya phakathi kwamakomiti enhlangano ngezindawo ezimisiwe, kumisa imingcele yokuthi ikomiti ngayinye ingavumela izinhlelo ezingaphansi kwegunya layo kangakanani.

Umbiko ohambisana nesinqumo sokuhlela uhlelo lwemali uhlanganisa ithebula elibizwa "302(a)" elisebenzisa ingqikithi ebekwe ngemisebenzi ekuhleleni uhlelo lwemali futhi lisakazwe ngekomiti yenhlangano esikhundleni salo, amatafula endlu neSishaya-gede ehlukahluka njengoba izifunda zekomiti zihlukahluka phakathi kwamagumbi amabili.

Izigidi Ezishukumisayo

ISishaya-mthetho sihlelwa ukuba sikhiqize izindleko zokuhlelwa kwemali kanye nezikweleti ezingu - 12 zemali yonyaka ngamunye wemali kahulumeni.

Inqubo yokuhlela ihlanganisa ukubukezwa okunemininingwane ngezinhlangano ezikhethekile ezihlola izicelo zezinhlangano, ezinamakhambi nezikhulu, futhi zenze izinqumo mayelana namazinga okuxhasa ngemali ezinhlelo ngazinye. Ngemva kokwamukela isinqumo semali, uKhongolo lucabangela izikweletu zemali zaminyaka yonke, eziqoqa izinhlelo ezicatshangelwe zonyaka ozayo.

Nakuba kungekho sijeziso sokulahlekelwa kwezikhathi ezimisiwe zokusetshenziswa kwemali, lenqubo kufanele icace, umongameli enikeza isicelo sokusebenzisa imali ekuqaleni kukaFebruary kanye noMkhandlu ocela imali ngo-Oct. 1, kodwa ngokomthetho, ibambezele futhi iphikise.

Izinqumo Eziqhubekayo Nokuvinjelwa Kukahulumeni

Uma uMkhandlu uhluleka ukudlulisa izikweletu zokuphonsa lapho kuqala unyaka we-fiscal, kumelwe kudluliswe izinqumo eziqhubekayo ukuze kulondolozwe imisebenzi kahulumeni. Lezi zinyathelo zesikhashana zokuxhasa imali zigcina imali esetshenziswa emazingeni angaphambili kuze kube yilapho kuqalwa ukuqulwa kwezicelo zeminyaka yonke.

Inqubo yokuphakanyiswa kwezincwadi yashintshwa uchungechunge lwezinqumo eziqhubekayo, amahemuhemu okuthi iNhloko iqala ukuqedwa, ukuvinjelwa kwe-Congress udwell direct, nokuvinjelwa kukahulumeni izinsuku ezingu-34. Ukuphazamisa okunjalo kungadala ukungaqiniseki ngezinhlangano zikahulumeni nangezinhlangano nabantu abancike ezimisweni zikahulumeni.

Uma uMkhandlu uhluleka ukudlulisa izikweletu zezindleko noma isinqumo esiqhubekayo, izinhlangano zikahulumeni ezithintekile kumelwe zivale imisebenzi engekho emthethweni, izisebenzi eziqabulayo nezinkonzo ezizigodlayo kuze kube yilapho zibuyiselwa.

Izinhlobo Zokusebenzisa Imali Kuhulumeni

Ukuqonda lezi zigaba kubalulekile ekuqondeni indlela izimali zomphakathi ezabiwa futhi zilawulwa ngayo, kunezici ezihlukahlukene ezisetshenziswa uhulumeni.

Ukusebenzisa Imali Ngokuhlakanipha

Ukusebenzisa izinto ngokuhlakanipha kuhlanganisa izinhlelo ezithola izinhlelo zaminyaka yonke ezivela eMkhandlwini.

Izinhlelo eziqanjiwe zinezilinganiso ezihlela lonke izinga lokuxhasa imali ezingalinikeza phakathi nalowo nyaka wemali. Ingqungquthela ilawula ngokuqondile ukusetshenziswa kwemali eqondiswe ngenqubo yonyaka yokuhlola, ivumela abasunguli bomthetho ukuba balungise imali ngokusekelwe ekushintsheni kwezinto eziza kuqala nasezimweni zemali.

Ukusebenzisa imali ngokuhlakanipha ngokuvamile kubangela ingqikithi yemali esetshenziswa uhulumeni, nakuba lesilinganiso siye sancipha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi njengoba izinhlelo eziphoqelelwe zokusebenzisa imali ziye zakhula.

Ukusebenzisa Imali Ngokuphola

Ukusebenzisa imali ngokunenzuzo, kubizwa nangokuthi ukuchitha imali ngokuqondile, izinhlelo zezimali lapho inzuzo nezinga elingcono zisungulwa khona umthetho ohlala njalo kunokusetshenziswa njalo ngonyaka. Izinhlelo ezinkulu eziphoqelelwe zokusebenzisa imali zihlanganisa i-Social Security, iMedicare, i-Medicaid, ne-Somal Nutrition Application Program.

Inqubo yokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwemali okuphoqelelwe ayiyona indlela ephumelelayo yokulawula ukusetshenziswa kwemali ngokuqondile okuvela emithethweni ekhona, njengoba izinguquko eziya ezingeni lokusebenzisa imali ngokuqondile zidinga ukumiswa komthetho omusha oyoshintsha izindlela zokusebenzisa imali ngokuphathelene nezindinganiso zokungalingani nezinhlelo okuzuzisayo.

Ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwemali okuphoqelelwe manje kumelela ukuthandwa kwezinhlelo eziningi ezigunyaziwe zezimiso zezomthetho ezinikezwa amanani ezokusetshenziswa kwemali kahulumeni futhi kuyaqhubeka kukhula njengoba izindleko zezempilo zikhula.

Isithakazelo Esikweletini Sesizwe

Uhulumeni kahulumeni kumelwe ukhokhe inzalo emalini oyibole yona ukuze ikhokhele izikweleti zangaphambili. Imali yezentengiselwano imelela ingxenye ekhulayo yemali kahulumeni futhi inqunywa ubukhulu besikweleti sesizwe nenzalo ekhona kunokuba ithathwe izinqumo zaminyaka yonke zezicelo.

Njengoba isikweleti sesizwe sikhula futhi amazinga enzalo eshintshashintsha, izindleko zenzalo zithatha ingxenye eyandayo yemali kahulumeni, okunganciphisa imithombo ekhona kwezinye izinto eziza kuqala. Loluhlobo lokusebenzisa imali ngokuyisisekelo alukho okungadingekile, njengoba uhulumeni ebophekile ukuba akhokhele ababambi besibopho.

Ukukhokha Icala Nokuboleka Uhulumeni

Lapho izindleko zikahulumeni zidlula inzuzo yonyaka onikeziwe, ukulahlekelwa kwemali okuwumphumela kumelwe kukhokhelwe ngokuboleka. Uhulumeni kahulumeni waboleka imali ngokukhipha izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezikweleti, kuhlanganise nezibopho zeTreasury, amanothi, nezikweletu.

Lezi zikweleti zithengwa abatshali bezimali basekhaya nasemhlabeni wonke, kuhlanganise nabantu ngabanye, izinkampani, ohulumeni bakwamanye amazwe, ne - Federal Reserve.

Ukuboleka kukahulumeni kuvumela ukuvumelana nezimiso zokulawula izindleko, kuvumela ukunyuka kwemali esetshenziswa phakathi nokuwohloka kwezomnotho noma izimo eziphuthumayo zesizwe ngaphandle kokukhuphula intela ngokushesha. Nokho, ukushiyeka okuphikelelayo kuholela ekuqongeleni izikweletu zesizwe, ezidala izinselele zesikhathi eside ezihlanganisa ukukhokha inzalo ephakeme kanye nokuvimbela okungathathwa ezinhlwini zesimiso sesikhathi esizayo.

Impikiswano ngamazinga afanelekayo ezikweletu zikahulumeni ihilela ukulinganisela kokuncintisana: isidingo sokutshala imali nezinkonzo zomphakathi, ukukhathazeka ngokulondolozwa kwemali, ithonya elingokomnotho lokuboleka intela nokuboleka, kanye nemibuzo elinganayo ngokudlulisa izikweletu ezikweletini kubakhokhi bentela besikhathi esizayo.

Ubuhlobo Obusekelwa Uhulumeni

Imali yomphakathi ayihambi nje kuphela kuntela ekhokha intela kuhulumeni kodwa futhi naphakathi kwamazinga ahlukene kahulumeni.

Izikhulu Zamazwe Nezindawo

Uhulumeni unikeza imibuso nohulumeni bendawo imali enele ngezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zokunikeza.

Izimali ezisekela izinhlangano zeNhlangano Yentuthuko Yendawo Yonke zihlanganisa izinhlelo ze - Community Block Grant and Home Investivation Privicestings, i - Justice and Mental Health Colnantiation Program ye - State Criminal Alien Arce, i - Communited Policision Policision Program, ne - Byrne Memorial Justice Arce Grant Grant.

Iminikelo yemali yenani labantu iza ngezindlela eziningi. Iminikelo yezezimali inikeza izinjongo ezithile ezicaciwe nezimfuneko zikahulumeni ezicaciwe. Iziphakamiso zinikeza ukuvumelana okwengeziwe, zivumela ohulumeni bombuso nohulumeni bendawo ukuba banqume indlela yokusebenzisa izimali ezindaweni ezibanzi zohlelo. I-Formula inikeza izimali ezisekelwe ezinqunyweni ezimiselwe kusengaphambili njengenani labantu noma amazinga obumpofu, kuyilapho ukuncintisana kudinga izicelo nezimali ezisekelwe ekusekeleni umsebenzi.

Usizo Lukahulumeni Kohulumeni Bendawo

Ohulumeni bahulumeni basekela izimali ezinkulu kohulumeni bendawo, ikakhulukazi ukuze bathole imfundo.

Izindlela zokusakaza usizo lwezwe ziyahlukahluka kakhulu, zibonisa izinto eziza kuqala ezingokombuso namafilosofi ezombangazwe.

Izimali Ezikhethekile Ezinezinjongo Nemali Enikelwe

Ohulumeni abaningi bamisa imali ekhethekile esetshenziselwa izinjongo ezithile, futhi le mali itholakala emithonjeni emisiwe futhi ingasetshenziselwa kuphela imisebenzi egunyaziwe.

Ngokwesibonelo, izimali zokuhamba zikhokha imali ekhokhwa yintela kaphethiloli nentela yezimoto kanye nezimali zokwakha nokulungiswa komgwaqo omkhulu. Imali yemfundo ingathola inzuzo enikezelwe emotweni noma ezinye imithombo yemali ekhethekile. Lezi zinqubo ezinikezelwe ngokwezimali zinikeza ukuqina nokubikezelwa kwezinhlelo ezibalulekile kuyilapho zinciphisa ukuvumelana komthetho ukuze kuthunyelwe imithombo yezobuchwepheshe.

Ukuxhasa Izindawo Ezinkulu Zohlelo Lomphakathi

Ukuqonda indlela ukusekela komphakathi imali okusekela ngayo izici ezithile zesimiso kuyasiza ekuboniseni ithonya elingokoqobo lezinqumo zikahulumeni.

Ukuxhasa Imfundo

Imfundo ingenye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu ezisetshenziswa umphakathi, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni zikahulumeni nezendawo.

Izindawo ezihlukene ezisekela imali ziyahlukahluka kakhulu ezifundeni. Ezinye izifunda zinikeza izikole eziningi ngemali ngosizo lukahulumeni, kuyilapho ezinye zithembele kakhulu ezintelani zendawo. Lokhu kungadala izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zemali esetshenziswa phakathi kwemiphakathi ecebile nempofu.

Izimali zemfundo ze-Forel, nakuba zimelela ingxenye encane yemali echithwayo yemfundo, zisekela izinhlelo ezibalulekile ezihlanganisa iSihloko sosizo lwabafundi abaswele, izinkonzo zemfundo ezikhethekile, izinhlelo zokondleka kwesikole, nosizo lwezemfundo oluphakeme. Izinhlelo zamuva nje zikahulumeni zahlanganisa ukwanda kwamadollar angu-205M ohlelo lweNhloko neDevelopment Grant ngengqikithi ka-R2,2,831 yizigidi zezigidi zezigidi zezigidi zama-R3,81,51 kanye nonyuko lweNyaka Yokuqala ye-Head ngengqikithi yezigidi ezingu-R1.

Ukuxhasa Impilo

Ukwelashwa kumelela indawo ekhula ngokushesha kakhulu yemali kahulumeni, eqhutshwa yizinhlelo ezihlanganisa iMedicare, iMedicaid, neNkatho yempilo yabantwana. IMedicare inikeza abagugile kanye nabakhubazekile abathile umshuwalense wezempilo, ngokuyinhloko ikhokhelwa ngentela yemali kanye nezindleko.

I-Medicaid, uhlelo oluhlangene lwezwe likahulumeni, inikeza i-comfortsference yezempilo kubantu abahlawulwa kancane kanye nemikhaya. I-medicaid kahulumeni isebenzisa imali ehlukene, kanti amazwe ampofu kakhulu athola amaphesenti alinganayo kahulumeni.

Izinhlelo zezempilo zomphakathi, ukucwaninga kwezokwelapha ngezinhlangano ezinjengeNational Institutes of Health, nokuqeqeshelwa izisebenzi zezempilo nakho kuthola izimali ezinkulu emphakathini. Umqedazwe weCHOVID-19 waqokomisa ukubaluleka okubalulekile kwezimiso zezempilo zomphakathi kanye nokusiza ngokuphuthumayo.

Ukutshala Imali

Le mishini idinga ukuncintisana kwezomnotho nezinga lokusekela ukusekelwa kwezimiso zokuthutha, amanzi nezindawo zokuchitha amanzi, izimiso zamandla nezokuxhumana.

Izakhiwo zokuhamba zithola imali evela emithonjeni enikezelwe ehlanganisa intela kaphethiloli nezindleko zezimoto, ezithengwa ngemali egcwele nokuboleka. Izimiso zamanzi nemfucumfucu zixhaswe ngemali yentela yomsebenzisi nangezibopho, futhi uhulumeni nombuso usekela intuthuko enkulu.

Umthetho wamuva wezezisekelo uye wanikeza izimali ezintsha ezingokwezimali zemigwaqo, amabhuloho, ezokuthutha umphakathi, i - Internet ebanzi, iziteshi zikagesi ezibizayo, nemisebenzi yokuzivuselela kwesimo sezulu, okumelela ukutshala imali yomphakathi ephawulekayo ezimisweni zezakhiwo zaseMelika ezithuthukisiwe.

Izinkonzo Zomphakathi Nezinhlelo Zokuvikela

Izimali zikahulumeni zisekela izinkonzo eziningi zezenhlalakahle nezinhlelo zokuphepha eziklanyelwe ukusiza abantu abasengozini nokuthuthukisa ukulondeka kwezomnotho.

I-Conteral Nutrition Application Program inikeza usizo lokudla ezigidi zaseMelika abahlawulwa kancane. Izinhlelo zosizo lwezindlu zisiza imikhaya ukuba ithole indawo ephephile ngemishini, izindlu zomphakathi, nokusekela ukusungulwa kwezindlu ezibizayo. Imikhaya edinga imali inikeza usizo lwemali kanye nezinkonzo zomsebenzi emikhayeni enabantwana.

Lezinhlelo zisebenza njengezizinzisayo phakathi nokuwohloka kwezomnotho, njengoba inani labantu ababhaliwe nabachitha imali landa lapho ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi kwanda futhi kuncipha phakathi nezikhathi zokukhula kwezomnotho.

Ukuphepha Komphakathi Nobulungisa

Ukugcinwa komthetho, izinkantolo, izijeziso, nezinkonzo eziphuthumayo kumelela izindawo eziphawulekayo zokusetshenziswa kwemali yomphakathi, ikakhulukazi emazingeni kahulumeni nawendawo.

Imizamo yokusekela ukusekela ukuphepha kombuso neyomphakathi ngokunikeza izinhlelo ezisekela amaphoyisa omphakathi, ukuvinjelwa kobugebengu, izinkonzo zezehluleli, nesimiso sokwahlulela kobugebengu. Ukulawula inhlekelele nokusabela kwenhlekelele kudinga futhi ukutshala imali yomphakathi okuphawulekayo, ngosizo lukahulumeni lwezinhlekelele ezinkulu ezidlula amandla ombuso nezindawo.

Ukusebenzisa Imali Ngokunakekela Nokulandisa

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimali zomphakathi zisetshenziswa ngokufanele nangempumelelo kudinga ukuqondisa okuqinile nokulandisa.

Ukuphatha Okungokomthetho

Izindikimba ezishaya umthetho kuwo wonke amazinga okuqondisa kukahulumeni izinhlangano zegatsha eziphethe nezinhlelo. Lokhu kuqondisa kuhlanganisa ukuqulwa kwemali, ukuhlola uhlelo, ukuhlola ukuthi kushiwo ukuthi kuwukuphathwa kabi noma ukukhwabanisa, nokubukeza ukusebenza kwezinhlangano.

Amakomiti eCongress aqunga icala nezikhulu zezinhlangano ukuze zihlole indlela yokusebenzisa izinhlelo nemiphumela yezinhlelo. Izishaya - mthetho zikahulumeni nemikhandlu yendawo benza imisebenzi efanayo yokwengamela, bahlola indlela izinhlangano ezisebenzisa ngayo izimali ezifanele nokuthi izinhlelo zifinyelela yini imiphumela ehlosiwe.

Ukuhlolwa Nokuhlolwa

Abahloli bezimali abazimele bahlola izitatimende zezimali zikahulumeni nemisebenzi yezinhlelo ukuze baqinisekise ukuvumelana nemithetho nezimiso. Ihhovisi likaHulumeni elinobuphiko lisebenza njengengalo yokuhlola nokuhlola yeSishaya-Mkhandlu, ukuqhuba izifundo zezinhlelo zikahulumeni nokutusa ukuthuthukisa.

Le misebenzi isiza ekuboneni udoti, ukukhwabanisa nokuxhaphaza kuyilapho iqokomisa amathuba okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo nokuphumelela.

Ukutholakala Ngokubona Kahle Nokungena Komphakathi

Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla buye bathuthukisa ukutholakala komphakathi kokwaziswa okungokwezimali kukahulumeni. Ama-website afana ne-USAspending.gov anikeza imininingwane eningiliziwe yemali esetshenziswa uhulumeni, avumela izakhamuzi ukuba zilandele indlela esetshenziswa ngayo ama - dollar entela. Izwe nemibuso eminingi igcina iziteshi ezifanayo.

Izinyathelo zokusebenzisa imali ezikhululekile zikhuthaza ukuthembisana kwezakhamuzi ngezindlela zokusebenzisa imali, zenza izincwadi zokusetshenziswa kwemali zitholakale kalula futhi ziqondakala.

Izinselele Ekusekeleni Imali Yomphakathi

Izimiso zikahulumeni zezimali zibhekana nezinselele eziningi ezenza kube nzima ukulungiselela imithombo eyanele yezinkonzo zomphakathi kuyilapho zilondoloza ukulondolozwa kwemali.

Umsindo Wenzuzo

Inzuzo kahulumeni iyashintshashintsha ngenxa yezimo zezomnotho, yenza kube nokungaqiniseki kwemali. Ukukhokha imali nokuqoqa intela phakathi nokwehla kwemali, ukuphoqelela ukuba kwenziwe izinqumo ezinzima mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwemali egciniwe. Ukuchuma kwezomnotho kungaveza inzuzo, kodwa ukuthembela ekukhuleni kwemali yesikhashana ezibophweni zemali ezihlala njalo kungadala izinkinga zesikhathi esizayo.

Eminye imithombo yemali ishintshashintsha kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, intela ekhokhwayo ingatholakala ngokuphawulekayo ngenxa yokuhweba ngamasheya.

Izingcindezi Ezithatha Isikhathi Eside

Ukuthambekela kokusebenza kwenani labantu abagugile, ikakhulukazi inani labantu asebegugile, kudala ukucindezela kwezezimali isikhathi eside njengoba ukunakekelwa kwempilo nezindleko zomhlalaphansi kukhula ngokushesha kunezindleko zemali. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kungadinga ukushintshwa komphakathi okuqinile ekuzivumelani nezindawo ezikhona kanye nasekuzibekeleni ijubane ngesikhathi esifanayo kuthinta imithombo yemali nezidingo zokuchitha imali.

Ukulungiswa kwezakhiwo okuqinile kudala ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezidingekayo zokulungiswa nokubuyiselwa. Izibopho ze-pension ezisebenzela izisebenzi zomphakathi zimelela izibopho ezinkulu ezithatha isikhathi eside okumelwe zixhaswe njengoba ezinye izingcindezi zemali zikhula.

Ukucindezeleka Okubangelwa Ukusebenzelana Kwamazwe Abo

Ukucindezela kwemali esetshenziswayo kungaholela ekunciphiseni usizo kuhulumeni bendawo, kuphoqelele ukuba kukhethwe kanzima ngokuphathelene namazinga enkonzo noma intela yendawo. Imithetho engekho, lapho amazinga aphakeme kahulumeni ebeka khona izimfuneko ngaphandle kokunikeza imali eyanele, imibuso ecindezelayo kanye nezindleko zendawo.

Izinguquko zezomnotho nezenani labantu zithinta imibuso ehlukahlukene, njengoba eminye imiphakathi ikhula futhi ichuma kuyilapho eminye ibhekene nokuncipha kokucindezeleka. Lokhu kwenza imizamo ehlukahlukene yokuqinisekisa izinkonzo zomphakathi ezanele kuyo yonke imiphakathi inciphe.

Impi Yezombangazwe

Ukuhlaziywa kwezindawo ezibandayo nohulumeni ohlukene phakathi kungenza kube nzima ukufinyelela ukuvumelana ngezimiso eziza kuqala zemali nezimiso zokuhlela. Inqubo yemali kahulumeni iphawulwa kakhulu ukungaqiniseki nokuphikisana okukhona ngokusebenzisa izinto eziza kuqala nokungakhi. Ukuvinjelwa kukahulumeni kanye nokusetshenziswa kohlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali okungasho lutho kudala ukungaqiniseki nokunganeliseki.

Izisusa zezombangazwe zesikhashana zingase zingqubuzane nokungalondolozi okuthatha isikhathi eside, njengoba izikhulu ezikhethiwe zibhekana nokucindezela kokwandisa imali noma ukusika izintela ngaphandle kokusingatha ukungalingani okuyisisekelo kwezimiso zokusetshenziswa kwemali.

Izinqubo Ezintsha Zokusekela Imali Yomphakathi

Ohulumeni bahlola izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuxazulula izinselele zokuxhasa imali futhi bathuthukise ukulondolozwa kwemali.

Ukuhlelwa Kohlelo Lokusetshenziswa Kwemali

Ukuhlanganisa uhlelo lokusebenzisa imali olusebenza ngokuhlobana nezinqumo zemali nemiphumela yohlelo, kugcizelela imiphumela kunemifakelwano nje. Lendlela idinga ukuhlelwa okucacile nokuhlolwa njalo ukuthi izinhlelo zifeze yini imigomo ehlosiwe.

Nakuba ukucabangela okukhangayo, ukusetshenziswa kwemali esetshenziswayo kufeza izinselele ezihlanganisa nobunzima bokulinganisa imiphumela yezinhlelo ezithile, ukuphelelwa isikhathi phakathi kokusebenzisa imali nemiphumela, nethonya lezici zangaphandle ekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo.

Umngane Womphakathi

Izisebenzi zomphakathi ezizimele zisiza izinhloko- dolobha ezisengxenyeni yomphakathi kanye nobuchwepheshe bemisebenzi yezesisekelo nokuhanjiswa kwenkonzo. La malungiselelo angasheshisa ukuqedwa komsebenzi futhi adlulisele izingozi ezithile kubantu abazosebenza nabo, nakuba ziphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nokulandisa komphakathi nezindleko zesikhathi eside.

Ukubambisana okuphumelelayo kudinga ukuklanywa kwesivumelwano ngokucophelela, ukuqondiswa okuqhubekayo, nokunikezwa kahle kwemithwalo yemfanelo nezingozi phakathi kwabantu abasebenza nomphakathi noma abantu ngabanye.

Imithombo Ehlukile Yemali

Amanye amagunya ahlola imithombo emisha yenzuzo ukuze athole intela engokwesiko. Lezi zihlanganisa ukuminyana kwezindawo ezisetshenziswayo emgwaqweni, izintela zekhabhoni noma izimiso ze-captic-trade, intela yokwaziswa ezinkonzweni zemishini, kanye nokukhokhwa kwentela yemisebenzi eyayinqatshelwe ngaphambili.

Imithombo ngayinye ehlukile yenzuzo ihilela ukuhweba ngokulingana, ukuphumelela kwezomnotho, ukuyinkimbinkimbi kokuqondisa, nokungalingani kwezombangazwe. Kudingeka ukuhlaziya ngokucophelela ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi imithombo emisha yenzuzo inganikeza yini izimali ezisekelayo kuyilapho inciphisa imiphumela emibi.

Indima Yezakhamuzi Ezinqumweni Zokusekela Umphakathi

Emiphakathini yentando yeningi, izakhamuzi zinendima ebalulekile ekulolongeni izinqumo ezingokwezimali zomphakathi ngokuvota, ngokuqapha, nangokuhlanganyela ezinqubweni zokusetshenziswa kwemali.

Ukulandisa

Izindawo zokukhetha zinikeza izakhamuzi amathuba okuba zibone ukuthi izikhulu ezikhethiwe zinecala ngezinqumo zokukhokha intela nokusebenzisa imali.

Izindlela zokulwa ezifundazweni eziningi zivumela izakhamuzi ukuba zivote ngokuqondile ngentela nangokusebenzisa imali, kusukela ezikoleni kuya ezisekelweni eziyisisekelo kuya ezikweletini. Lezizimiso zentando yeningi zinikeza izakhamuzi ithonya elisheshayo enkambisweni yezezimali.

Ukuhlanganyela Kwesivumelwano

Izinhlelo zomphakathi zokuhlela imali, amahholo asemadolobheni, kanye nezikhathi zokuphawula kuvumela izakhamuzi ukuba ziveze imibono ngokusebenzisa izinto eziza kuqala.

Ukuthembisana ngobuchwepheshe kudinga ukuba umuntu athole ukwaziswa okuqondakalayo kohlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali namathuba okuhlanganyela ngokugcwele.

Ukuqonda Ukuhweba Ngemali

Ukwanda kwemali esetshenziswayo noma ukukwehliswa kwentela kunemiphumela, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi incishisiwe ngemali esetshenziselwa ezinye izinhlelo, intela ephakeme, ukwenyuka kwezikweletu, noma izidingo ezibekelwe isikhathi esiphansi.

Izindlela zokuhlela nokubhala ezisetshenziswayo zisiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziqonde indlela uhulumeni asebenza ngayo ngokwezimali, izindleko zezinkonzo nendlela ukukhetha okuhlukile okuthinta ngayo imiphakathi. Lokhu kusiza ukuba zihlanganyele ekusebenziseni izinqumo zentando yeningi.

Ukubheka Phambili: Ikusasa Lokuxhasa Komphakathi

Ikusasa lokuxhasa imali komphakathi liyololongwa izinguquko zenani labantu, ubuchwepheshe, umnotho nokufeza amathemba omphakathi ngendima kahulumeni.

Ukuguga emazweni amaningi athuthukile kuyokwandisa isidingo sokunakekelwa kwempilo nezinhlelo zomhlalaphansi kuyilapho kungase kunciphise ukukhuphuka kwezomnotho nentela.

Ushintsho lwezezobuchwepheshe lungadala amathuba amasha enzuzo ngentela yemisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe nemininingwane, kuyilapho futhi kuphazamisa imithombo yenzuzo engokwesiko yezemishini ithinta umsebenzi futhi izimoto zikagesi zinciphisa intela kaphethiloli. Ubuchwepheshe bokwenza nokwaziswa kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kukahulumeni nokuqondisa intela.

Ukungalingani okukhulayo kuphakamisa imibuzo ngokuphathelene nokuthuthukiswa kwentela nokusakazwa kwezinzuzo zomphakathi. izimpikiswano ngobukhulu obufanele nendima kahulumeni ziyoqhubeka zihlela izinqumo ezingokwezimali, zinokucabanga okuhlukahlukene kokulinganisela umthwalo wemfanelo womuntu ngamunye nelungiselelo lezinkonzo elihlangene.

Ukusingatha izinselele zesikhathi eside kuyodinga ukuzikhandla ekusebenziseni izinto eziza kuqala, imithombo yemali, kanye nokulinganisela phakathi kwezidingo zamanje nokulondolozwa kwesikhathi esizayo. Impumelelo izoxhomeka ekuholeni kwezombangazwe, ukuthembisana komphakathi ngolwazi, nokuzimisela ukwenza ukuhweba ukuze kufinyelelwe imigomo efanayo.

Isiphetho

Ukuxhasa imali komphakathi kungaphezulu kakhulu kokuhlela ukuhlahlela, kuhlanganisa ukukhetha komphakathi okuhlangene mayelana nezinto eziza kuqala, izindinganiso, nendima kahulumeni ekuthuthukiseni okuhle okuvamile. Ukuqonda indlela izinhlelo zikahulumeni ezixhaswa ngayo ngezimali ezinika ngayo izakhamuzi amandla okuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo ezimisweni zentando yeningi futhi kuhlanganisa izikhulu ezikhethiwe ukuba zilandise ngezenzo ezinqunyiwe.

Isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi sentela, ukuhlelwa kwemali, ukuhlelwa kwezinhlelo, nokuthunyelwa kwezimali ezithunyelwa kuhulumeni kubonisa ukusabela kwamakhulu eminyaka enguquko ngenxa yezidingo ezishintshayo nezimo. Nakuba lesi simiso sibhekene nezinselele ezinkulu, kusukela ekushicelweni kwemali okuthatha isikhathi eside kuya ekufunyanisweni kwemithetho emisiwe yezombangazwe, siyaqhubeka ukunikeza imithombo edingekayo yemisebenzi kahulumeni ebalulekile.

Njengezakhamuzi, abakhokhi bentela nabazuza ezinkonzweni zomphakathi, sonke sinomgoqo ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi izimiso zomphakathi zokuxhasa ngemali zisebenza ngokuphumelelayo nangokulinganayo. Lokhu kudinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo ezinqubweni zokusetshenziswa kwemali, ukuzimisela ukuhweba ngezinto ezinzima, nokuzibophezela ekulondolozeni imali kanye nokutshala imali eyanele ezintweni eziza kuqala.

Kulabo abafuna ukufunda okwengeziwe ngezinqubo zemali kahulumeni kanye nemali, i-USAGUV yenqubo yezimiso zemali kahulumeni . inikeza ukwaziswa okufinyelelekayo, kuyilapho inikeza ukuhlaziya okuqinile kwemibango, ne-Programu ye-Accomption [[FLT:] Gonver] inikeza imininingwane eningi yokuthi izimali zikahulumeni zisetshenziswa kanjani. [[FLT:] [FLT]] [4] IKDENCENT inikeza imibiko yemibangositho yemali ehlangeneyo yezimiso zohlelo nohlelo lwe-fic.

Ngokuqonda imali yomphakathi, phela inzuzo kahulumeni ivela, indlela ehlelwa ngayo futhi ivunyelwe, nendlela izimali ezabelwe ngayo izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene, futhi zingawazisa kangcono amasu kanye nokulinganiselwa kwesenzo sikahulumeni. Lokhu kuqonda kubeka isisekelo sokuhlanganyela kolwazi engxoxweni yentando yeningi eqhubekayo mayelana nendlela esiyiqongelela ngayo ndawonye esikhathini sethu esizayo.