Isingeniso: Izindawo Eziphambili Zokuzivikela ZaseJapane

Isimiso somthetho waseJapane wangemva kweMpi Yezwe II, ikakhulukazi iSiphakamiso 9, salahla impi futhi salahla ukulungiswa kwezikhali zenuzi.” Emashumini amaningi eminyaka, lesi simiso sokulwa sachaza isimiso se-US, kanye nohulumeni abalandelanayo bechaza iSiphakamiso 9 ukuze bavumele amabutho esizwe kuphela avikeleka. Nokho, ukuvikela kwendawo ehlangene (ngokuphawulwe yizikhundla zenuzi zaseNyakatho ye-Korea, ukuqina kwempi kwe-China eMpumalanga yeChina, futhi ukuvumelana okushintshile e-US, kwandisa ukuvikela kwezentelezi zezombangazwe. Ukuqonda ukungezwani kwemithetho phakathi kwezinhlangano ezinkulu zezombangazwe zaseJapane kubalulekile kunoma ubani ukutadisha ukulondeka kwe-Asiya noma ubuhlobo bezizwe zonke. Isigaba seqembu ngalinye sibonisa ukulingana okusobala phakathi komthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho-mthetho, ukuvumelana nomthetho wezwe lonke. Lesi sihloko siveza ukuhlolwa kwe-Rocetvement (Democtic Union), ne-sertivemental, i-Democtic, i-Democtictictictictictictic

I - Liberal Democratic Party (LDP): Ukwanda Okungavamile

I-LDP iye yabusa iJapane kakhulu esikhathini sangemva kwempi, futhi isimiso sayo sokuvikela siye sasuka ekunqandeni okuqinile sasuka ekuthatheni iSiphakamiso esiqinile saya ekuziphatheni okuqinile ngaphansi kwabaholi abanjengoShinzo Abe noFumio Kishida. Impikiswano engundoqo ye-LDP iwukuthi iJapane kumelwe “ithole isimo esisha sokusongela” okuvela eChina naseNyakatho Korea. Kusukela ngo 2015 ukuchazwa kabusha kweSiphakamiso 9 ukuvumela isigaba esithile ukuba sivumele ukuzifunela uqobo lwe-efensense (ngomqondo wokuthi iJapane i-LDP ingasiza ekuhlaseleni i-asensi yohlaselo olungaphansi kokuhlasela kweJapaneffense (JDF).

Izinto Eziza Kuqala Eziyisisekelo

  • Ukunyuka koHlahlelo loHlahlu lwemali ku-Defensi: Ngo-December 2022], isikhulu seKisida samemezela uhlelo lokuphinda kabili imali yezokuvikela iJapane ku-2% ye-GDP ngo-2027, ihlanganisa iJapane nezisulu ze-ONTO-style. Uhlelo lwe-FY2024 yezigidi zezigidi (R62,54 000 000), izikhulu zeqoqo liphikisa ngokuthi lokhu kuyadingeka “ukuhlasela kwesizwe” futhi“ kusetshenziswa ngesihle nangendlela yokuvula i-Pice.”
  • Izikhali ezithathelwanayo: i-LDP isekela ukuthola “ikhono lokuhlola” (isibonelo, izikhali ezicitshwayo ezinde zokushaya izisekelo zezitha) futhi ithuthukisa ngokushesha izikhali ezisheshayo kanye nempi yesizukulwane esilandelayo (uhlelo lwe-F-X). Lokhu kubonisa ukusuka okuphawulekayo ekuvimbeleni okugunyazwe umthetho-mthetho.
  • Ukuziguqula okungaqondakali: I-LDP sekuyisikhathi eside ifuna ukubukeza iSiphakamiso 9 ukugunyaza i-JSDF ngokucacile “njengamandla okuzisusa angezwakali. Amalungu eqembu avame ukuthi lokhu“ kungaqinisekisa isimo esingokomthetho se-SDF” futhi kunciphise ukuncishiselwa kabusha komthetho-mthethweni. Nokho, ukufinyelela inani elidingekayo lesithathu lenani kuzo zombili izindlu zephalamende kuhlala kuyinselele.
  • Ukuvumelana ne-United States: I-LDP imisa kuqala iSivumelwano soNokulondeka sase-US-Japan njengetshe lesisekelo lokuvikela. Izindlela zamuva zihlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa okujulile kwezakhiwo ze-odoli nokusetshenziswa kwamalungu, kanye nokutholakala kwe-Tomahawk izikhali ezicitshwayo ze-US. Iqembu futhi lisekela ukuthungatha izisekelo zempi yase-US, nakuba ibhekene nokuphikiswa kwendawo e-Okinawa.

Indlela ye-LDP iveza ukugxeka kumaqembu aphikisayo awesaba “umjaho wezikhali e-East Asia.” Nokho amandla okhetho lwalo lweqembu − luqondiswa yi-LDP engabonakali ngezesivikelo (-manutes) yesimiso sawo sokuvikela sisonte inqubo ehlelwe kakhulu phakathi neshumi leminyaka elidlule. Ekuwohlokeni okuningiliziwe kweziphakamiso ze-LDP, bheka [[FLD:0] inqubo engokomthetho ye-LDP .

I - Constitutional Democratic Party (CDP): I - pacifist Pretant

ICDP, eyakhiwa ngo-2020 kusukela ekuhlanganisweni kwamaqembu amaningana aphakathi sobunxele, izimisa njengombango oyinhloko wokuthambekela kwe-LDP ekulweni nempi. Izimiso zayo zokuvikela zisekelwe kumthetho-sisekelo waseJapane wokungaphikisi nenkolelo yokuthi ukuxhumana nokubambisana kwezomnotho (hhayi ukubambisana kwezempi), kuyizindlela eziqinisekile eziya ekulondekeni.

Izikhundla zeoctal

  • Ukubekwa kobuphindu bomthetho-sisekelo: ICDP ivikela ISigqebhezana 9 njengoba kunjalo, iphikisa ngokuthi noma isiphi inguquko singalulaza “isici sokuthula.” Umholi weqembu uKenta Izumi uthe i CDP “izovikela umoya womthetho-mthetho-sisekelo” futhi iphikise noma yimuphi umzamo wokwenza buthaka ukuvinjelwa kwempi.
  • Intethelelo yabezokhuselo Ekhokhelwayo: Abasekeli beCDP abafaka izindleko zokuzivikela cishe cishe ku-1% we-GDP(amasiko angokomlando okuthi i-LDP yalahlwa. Amalungu eqembu aphikisa ngokuthi izindleko zezigidi ezingu-0243 zemali ezichithwayo eminyakeni emihlanu “ziwukungalinganisi” futhi zingaphazamisa izimali zenhlalakahle yomphakathi. Kunalokho, bahlongoza ukushintshela ekusizeni inhlekelele, ukulondeka kwe-inthaneti, kanye nokugadayisa ama-paseji asolwandle.
  • Ukunciphisa indima ye-SDF: ICDP iphikisa ukutholwa kwekhono lokulwa nezisebenzi ze-SDF ukulwa nezindawo. Kudinga “amandla ancishisiwe kuphela” futhi ifuna ukuqeda umthetho wezokuphepha ka-2015 ovumela ukuba umuntu azisebenzise ngokwakhe. Iqembu futhi lifuna ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali ezihlangeneyo namabutho alwayo aphesheya.
  • [ Isivumelwano se-Diplomatic: i-CDP igcizelela ukwakha ukwethembana neChina ne-South Korea, kuhlanganise nokulahla izimpi zezwe kanye nokuqinisa ukuncintisana kwezomnotho. Isekela ukwanda kwesifunda se-AS Equant Forum nokwakhiwa kohlaka lokuthula kwe-Northern Asia.
  • I-"Basebbrul Trust Reduction:[ i-CDP ifuna ukubukezwa kwesimo se-US-Japan of Forces Agreement (SOFA) ukunciphisa umthwalo e-Okinawa futhi ekugcineni “uzingela” ngaphandle kokuba ukulondeka kweJapane kusongelwa ngokuqondile.

Amaqembu angaphakathi e CDP ngezinye izikhathi awavumelani ngesivinini sokuqeda impi, kodwa leliqembu lilokhu lingumsekeli othembekile kakhulu wokubuyela ekuthuleni okuqinile. Nokho, ukusebenza kwalo kokukhetha kuye kwaba buthakathaka, futhi ithonya lalo enkambisweni yangempela lilinganiselwe. Emabhukwini esimiso se CDP, vakashelani ingosi ye-CDP yesingisi ye-CDP [.

IQembu LaseKomeito: Umngane Ophakathi Wendawo Ezungezile

Komeito, umbuthano onezimpande zawo enhlanganweni yamaBuddha uSoka Gakkai, uye waba umngane we-LDP omncane ohlangeneyo engxenyeni enkulu yamashumi amabili eminyaka adlule. Indima yawo ivame ukuchazwa ngokuthi “icebo” ezihlongozweni ze-LDP zobuqhawe ezinonya, ukugqugquzela indlela elinganiselwe ehlanganisa iButho elithembekile lika-Elf-Defenseia kanye nokugcizelela okukhulu ekuvuselweni kokuthula, ukuxhumana, nosizo lwangaphandle.

Isihluthulelo Sokulinganisela Izenzo

  • I-partport ye- “Impi ephazamisayo kodwa ebambekile” SDF:[ iyavuma ukuthi i-JSDF idinga amathuluzi osuku lwenyanga ukuze ivikele indawo yeJapane, kodwa iphikelela ekulondolozeni umthetho owenqabelayo wempi ehlaselayo. Iqembu laba nethuluzi lokulinganisela umthetho ka-2015 wokuba “unqume" uqobo lwezehlakalo zezekethi (umz., ukuvikela umkhumbi wase-US uvinjelwe) futhi limela ukumelana nezincazelo ezibanzi ezingaholela ekuhlanganyeleni kwe-SDF empini yezizwe.
  • I-Diplomacy nentuthuko Kuqala: ibeka phambili iKomeito ku-Octical Development help (ODA) nemisebenzi yokwakha ukuthula. Isekela ukusebenzisa amandla ezomnotho eJapano ukunciphisa abashayeli bempi, ikakhulukazi e-Southeast Asia nase-Middle East. Iqembu futhi lisekela i-United Nations Peacebing Exation Exacts (Pko) futhi liye lasunduzela ukungenela kwemithunywa engekho ye-combat njengendawo yokuhlanganisa izimayini nesakhiwo sesakhiwo se-enjini.
  • Imali ekhuluma ngokusetshenziswa kwemali esetshenziswayo esetshenziswayo: [[[FT:1]] Nakuba uKomeito avuma i-LDP' 2% ye-GDP, wagcizelela indlela ethatha kancane kancane futhi waqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali luhlanganisa ukuxhasa ngezimali usizo lomphakathi nokubambisana kwezizwe zonke. Abaholi beqembu baye baxwayisa “ngempi ye-Offalor ” futhi bafuna ukuba i-LDP ichaze ukuthi imali izosetshenziswa kanjani ngaphandle kokucasula omakhelwane.
  • Ukubekwa kwezikhali ezinqandayo: Komeito ekuqaleni yayimelana necebo le-LDP lokuthola amandla okumelana nezikhali ezicitshwayo, njengasemihlanganweni emide yemikhumbi ehambayo. Engxabanweni, iqembu livikelelwe izimo zokuthi iJapane ingasebenzisa izikhali ezinjalo kuphela “ukuzilimaza ngokwakho” nokuxoxa eduze nezinxulumani. Lokhu kuye kwaveza ukulingana okubucayi ngaphakathi.

Isikhundla somfelandawonye kaKomeito sisho ukuthi ngokuvamile inethonya elikhudlwana ezikweletini ezithile, ngisho noma inezihlalo ezimbalwa kakhulu kune-LDP. Izimiso zayo ezilinganiselayo zinxusa abavoti abanganaki nokulondeka kodwa abangakhululeki ngempi. Ukuze kuchazwe izimiso zokuzivikela zeKomeito, bheka ikhasi lesimiso seKoMTEito esisemthethweni.

IQembu LobuKhomanisi LaseJapane (JCP): IPacifism Ephelele Ne - Alliance Accoffal

I-JCP iyiqembu lezombangazwe eliqhubekekadala kakhulu eJapane futhi elihlala liphilile. Nakuba linezihlalo ezimbalwa (10 eGabheni labameleli ngo-2024), ukugqama kwalo kwemibono kuthonya impikiswano yomphakathi. Izimiso zezokuvikela zeJCP zakhiwe ngokulahla amabutho ngokuphelele njengethuluzi lesimiso sikahulumeni.

Amakhorali

  • i-JSDF: I-JCP ibheka amabutho e-Iyedwa-Defense njenge-constitut futhi ifuna ukuba ahlukane futhi ithathelwe indawo “i-copps yokuthula kwe-civilia” egxile ekusizeni inhlekelele nasekuvikeleni indawo ezungezile. Lokhu kuyenza ihlukanise ngisho neCDP, egcina i-JSDF ingaphakathi kwesimiso somthetho-mthetho-sisekelo.
  • Umelana nazo zonke iziNxulumano zeMikhosi: IJCP ifuna ukuqedwa kweSivumelwano sokuphepha se-US-Japane nokususwa kwazo zonke izisekelo zaseMelika enhlabathini yaseJapane. Iphikisa ngokuthi lo buhlobo buhudula iJapane ezimpini ezingadingekile futhi bulimaza ubuhlobo neChina neRussia.
  • Repuce Defense Backe Balment to Zero:[ I-JCP isikisela ukunqanyulwa kwazo zonke izindleko zempi nokubuyisela izimali ezinhlelweni zezenhlalo, amandla avuselelwayo, nosizo lwentuthuko yomhlaba wonke. Ithi ukulondeka kweJapani kungaqinisekiswa kuphela ngomthetho wezizwe zonke, ngezikhali zenuzi, nangezivumelwano eziningi ezilandelanayo.
  • I-Promotion esebenzayo yoMphetho-mpumalanga we-Asia: I-JCP isekela ukusondela okuhlangene kwezokuxhumana neChina ne-South Korea, kuhlanganise necebo lokususa izikhali ezilwayo elihlangene leNhlonhlo yase-Korea kanye nokumiswa kwendawo engenazikhali zenuzi eMpumalanga ye-Asia.

Naphezu kwezikhundla zayo ezinkulu, i-JCP ngezikhathi ezithile iye yabambisana namanye amaqembu aphikisayo ezikweletini ezithile zokuzivikela, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihilela ukwanda kwezempi. Nokho, isicelo sayo sokuqeda i-SDF sisewumbono omncane ngisho naphakathi kwabavoti abafuna ukuthatha i-offalo.

Ukungafani Okukhulu Kwezimiso: Ukubukeza Okuqhathanisayo

Ukuze sisize abafundi nothisha basheshe baqonde ukuhlukanisa okuyinhloko, ngezansi kuqhathaniswa ngokuningiliziwe izikhundla zalaba bantu abane ezindabeni ezinhlanu ezibalulekile zokuzivikela:

Ukubukezwa Komthetho - sisekelo Kwesihloko 9

  • LDP: Isekela ukubukeza ukugunyaza i-JSDF ngokuphandle futhi ivumele “ibutho lokuzivikela lomhlaba wonke.”
  • [CDP: Iphikisa noma ikuphi ukubukeza; ivikela umbhalo wamanje njengesithiyo sokulwa.
  • khomeito:[ Ivulekile ukubukeza kuphela uma ilinganisela ngokucacile i-SDF ekuzibekeleni ngokwayo futhi ihlanganisa “isimemezelo sokuthula.”
  • JCP: ayifuni ukubukeza; idinga ukunamathela ngokugcwele ekuvuselweni kwempi kwakuqala.

Izinga Lemali Esetshenziswa Ngazo Zokuzivikela

  • LDP: Makubekwe ku 2% ye GDP ngo 2027; vula kukwanda okuqhubekayo.
  • [CDP: Gcina ku-1% ye GDP; hlela imali esetshenziswayo engokwenhlalo.
  • Okomito:[ Yamukela 2% kodwa idinga ukubala nokugcizelela emamathuluzini okuphepha angewona amabutho.
  • JCP: Nciphisa kucishe kube yiqanda; kubhekisa emuva ezidingweni ezivamile.

Izindawo eziyingozi (Indawo Eyindawo Ephakeme/Enemy Base Attack)

  • LDP: isekela ngokuqinile ukuthola izikhali ezicitshwayo ezinde nezikhali ezishisiwe.
  • [CDP: ngokunganaki; ibheka ikhono elinjalo njengelingavumelaniyo.
  • khomeito:[ Isekela ngemibandela ngaphansi kwemithetho eqinile ethi “zibekele yona" futhi ngemva kwengxoxo enkulu yezombangazwe.
  • [ JCP: ilahla zonke izikhali ezihlaselayo futhi ifuna ukuba kubekwe izikhali phansi.

Ulwelwesi neBases iUS-Japan

  • LDP: iqinisa ukubambisana; imukela isisekelo esiqinile; ifuna ukuhlanganisa okujulile.
  • [CDP: i-Critistics iseke kodwa yamukela isivumelwano; ifuna ukubukezwa kwe-SOFA futhi ekugcineni inciphe.
  • khomeito:[ Isekela ukubambisana njengokudingeka kodwa iqhubela phambili ekucabangeleni umthwalo kanye nomphakathi wendawo.
  • [ JCP: Ifuna ukukhishwa kwesivumelwano nokususwa ngokushesha kwawo wonke amabutho ase-US.

Indima Yemifula Ezungeza Ulwandle

  • LDP: Ukuhlanganyela ekuziqeqesheni kwamalungu, ukugcina ukuthula, kanye nokungakhiphi ukukhipha.
  • [CDP: Imingcele yokugcina ukuthula okungokwesiko kwe-UN kanye nezindima ezingathathi-mdlaliyo; gwema “ukuhlanganisa i-'difece'' engaphambili'.
  • khomeito:[ Ukusekela iPKO nemisebenzi yezenhlalakahle; ukuphikisa imisebenzi yokulwa.
  • JCP: qeda yonke imisebenzi ye-SDF phesheya kolwandle; gxila ekuxhumeni kwezizwe zonke.

Umehluko awuqanjwa nje nje, ukwakheka komthetho wangempela, izinqumo zokuthola isivikelo, nokuma kwe-Japane. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuphoqelelwa kwe-LDP ukuba ikwazi ukumelana nempi kwamiswa uKomeito ngokuphikelela kwempikiswano yephalamende, futhi ukuphikisa kweCDP kwanqanyulwa kakhulu ngenxa ye-LDP-Komeito eningi.

Izinkinga ZeJapane Nokulondeka Kwesifunda

Iqembu elichazwe ngenhla linemiphumela efinyelela kude yakho kokubili ukuqina kwezombangazwe zasekhaya zaseJapane neMpuma Asia. Ukushintshela esimweni sokuvikela esibanzi se-LDP ("iqiniswa umfela-mfela-nye neKomeito/_aseholele kakade ekwakheni ibutho elikhulu lempi ngokomlando. Imiphumela iyabonakala ezindaweni eziningana:

Ukungezwani Okukhulayo EChina NaseNyakatho Korea

Ukuthatha kweJapane ukuba ithole amandla okulwa nezimiso eziphambili zokucitshwa kwezikhali ezisetshenziswayo kuye kwathola ukulahlwa eBeijing nasePyongyang. IChina ivame ukugxeka “ukubuya kwempi” futhi igxeka ukuhlangana kwayo okujuleyo ne-United States. Izimiso ze-LDP, njengendlela yokuthola i-“Sikhululo neSivulela I-Indo-Paciesad”, ibonwa eChina njengesemizabalazo. Ngokuphambene, i CDP ne JCP iphikisa ukuthi ukwanda kwempi kwaseJapane kubangela ukuncintisana kwezikhali nezokuxhumana kwezizwe futhi kubangela ukuhlasela kwezehlakalo, okunzima kakhulu, ukunikeza isibonelo, ukuphikisana kweSkaku/Diotayu Islands. [FLDY:] [FLDY]

Umphumela Kuyi - US - Japan Alliance

Nakuba i-LDP ne Komeito besekela ukubambisana, ukungafani kwendaba egcizelelwayo. I-LDP ifuna ubuhlobo obulinganayo lapho iJapane ithatha khona izindima ezinkulu zokulwa, kuyilapho iKomeito ifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iJapane ayiba “igunya elivamile”. Ukugxekwa kwemithwalo eyisisekelo, ikakhulukazi e-Okinawa, kuthinta abantu bendawo futhi ngezikhathi ezithile kucindezela uhulumeni ukuba athathe izivumelwano zokulwa phambili. I-JCP’s inxusa ukuqeda ubudlelwane buboshelelene kodwa ithonya ezinye izithiyo zokuvota.

Ukuqina Kwezombangazwe Ekhaya Nombono Womphakathi

Isimiso sokuzivikela siyimpikiswano esiza i-LDP igcine umfelandawonye wayo no-Komeito. Nokho, amasu angokwesifiso se-LDP ahlolwa umphakathi osalwa impi kodwa oqaphela izinsongo zokulondeka. Umthetho ubonisa njalo ukuthi iningi limelene nokubukezwa komthetho-sisekelo, kodwa abaningi basekela i-SDF enamandla kakhulu. Le-ambivalence inikeza ukusondela okuqaphileyo koKomeito. I-CDP no-JCP bazama ukukhuthaza ivota yempi, kodwa baye bazama ukuguqula ukunganeliseki kube yinzuzo yokhetho. Umphumela uphenduku, i-albeeveced, iqhubekela eJapane engcono.

Ukubambisana Kwesifunda Nokudlala Ngemizimba

I-JCP isekela ukuma kokuzivikela okugcwele ngaphansi kukahulumeni ophehlwayo we-LDP kuyinkimbinkimbi ebuhlotsheni obuyinkimbinkimbi ne-South Korea, ikakhulukazi kakhulu izimpikiswano ezingokomlando nenduduzo yabesifazane. I-CDP ne-Komeito basekela ukuxhumana okusheshayo ukuze kulungiswe izibopho, kuyilapho i-JCP isekela ukubuyisana okugcwele okusekelwe ekuxoliseni nasekuzimiseni. Ama-sakhelo afana ne-ASEAN +8 kanye neQuad (US, i-Australia, i-Australia) asekelwa kakhulu phakathi kwebhodi, kodwa izinga lokubambisana kwezempi phakathi kweQuad liyaphiwa: i-LDP ivumela ukuvuselelwa okuhlangene okuhambisanayo, kanti i-CDP ne-JCP ikhetha ukuhlobana okungekho kwempi emijokweni yezonkanyelweni nakushintsha isimo sezulu.

Imiphumela yokulondeka kwendawo ayikona ukunqanda ukuvinjelwa kwezwe. Ukushintsha kukahulumeni kungashintsha indlela yaseJapane ngokuphawulekayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma i CDP ibingahola i-internet, iJapane ingabuye ithathe isimo sayo sokuzimela ngokwayo ngokweqembu, iholele ekuncipheni izingxabano zempi eChina kodwa ingakwazi ukunqanda ukunqanda iNyakatho Korea. Ngokungafani, ukuncishiswa kwe-LDP no-Komeito kungaveza umphumela oxubile: amabutho empini yokuzivikela eJapane aba anamandla kakhulu, kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwawo kuyaqhubeka kulawulwa kakhulu yimpikiswano yezombangazwe ne-gastigation.

Isiphetho: Ukuthola Imvelo Enomsoco

Amaqembu amakhulu aseJapane anikeza imibono ehlukene ngokuyisisekelo yezokuvikela izwe, kusukela ekufuneni kwe-LDP ukuhlaziywa kwempi kuya ekulawuleni kwempi. Lokhu kungafani akumi ndawonye; aguqula ngokhetho, izinkinga zezizwe, nokushintsha kobuholi. Kubafundi nabafundi bezifundo zokuphepha, ukuhlola lezizikhundla ezisemcini kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba baguqula ngokuqondile izinguquko ezithinta hhayi iJapane kuphela kodwa nomakhelwane bayo nohlelo olubanzi lwe-Indo-Pacificle. Ukhetho olungu 2024 lwase lwabona kakade ukuchithwa kwemali ekhona, nempikiswano eqhubekayo ngezinhlelo ezibukeziwe zeSiphakathi 9 zezithembiso zokubusa ezombangazwe zamaJapane eminyakeni eminingi. Lapho ukuqonda isigaba ngasinye siminyanisa ukulinganisela okuvamile kwezwe emhlabeni wonke ukulinganisela kwenzuzo engcono kakhulu.