Indlela Inqubo Yentando Yeningi Ehlanekezelwe Engabuzwa Ngayo

Imikhankaso yezombangazwe ifuna isiphetho njalo, futhi elinye lamathuluzi akhohlisa kakhulu enqolobaneni yabo liyayekelela. Ngokungafani nokucwaninga okungokomthetho, okuhloselwe ukulinganisa umzwelo womphakathi, kushukumisela ukuphenya ngezindlela zokuhlola lapho kukhishwa imiyalezo eklanywe ngokucophelela ukuze ifake izimpawu zobuthi. Lokhu kuhlasela indawo abavoti abakhokhi abathenjiweyo ekuhloleni, kusetshenziswa lokho kuthemba njengendlela yokudlulisela inkulumo - zezombangazwe. Ukuqonda amasu akho abalulekile ekulondolozeni idemokrasi enempilo, ngoba umhleli onolwazi uvikela kakhulu ekusebenziseni ukuvota.

Ukuhlola ngokucindezela akuyona into entsha, kodwa ukuyinkimbinkimbi kwayo kuye kwakhula ngemininingwane yanamuhla emelene nezindlela zokuxhumana eziqondiswe ekuzilawuleni. Nakuba amazwe amaningi eye azama ukuyilawula, lomkhuba uyaqhubeka ngoba usebenza endaweni empunga engokomthetho, (ngokuvamile ukwenziwa okufihlekile njengokucwaninga okungokomthetho). Lesi sihloko sihlola abacuphi bokuphenya, ukuhlinza kwengqondo, kanye nezinyathelo ezithatha isinyathelo ukuze babone ukuthi inkohliso ikhona.

Yini Engcolisa Abantu Ngokuphoqelela?

Ekujuleni kwayo, ukuphoqelela ukuphenya kuyindlela yokuxhumana ekhohlisayo esetshenziselwa ukuthonya isimo sengqondo sabavoti ngaphansi kwendlela yokuzisholo yokuhlola kwezesayensi. Leligama laqanjwa ochwepheshe bezombangazwe ngawo 1990, kodwa lomkhuba usukela emuva emashumini eminyaka. Ukuhlola kweqiniso kwezombangazwe kufuna ukuqoqa ukwaziswa okungacaci ngemibono yabavoti, abantu, izigaba, nezinto ezithandwayo. Ngokuphambene, ukuphenya okuphoqelelwe kuveza ukwaziswa okuphambene noma okungamanga kanye nomgomo ocacile wokuguqula imibono, hhayi ukuyilinganisa.

Isici esichazayo sokuhlola okuphoqelelwe yinhloso yakho. Ibuza imibuzo eholayo, ngokuvamile equkethe ukugomela okungakhiyo ngomvoti noma umthetho, futhi ilinganisa indlela lokho kugomela okuthinta ngayo ukusabela komvoti. Imibuzo iklanyelwe ukudala ukungabaza, ukuqinisa imibono ephambene, noma ukusakaza ukwaziswa okungaqondile. Ngokungafani nokuhlola okungokomthetho, okuvame ukuba imizuzu engu-5-10 futhi kuhlanganise uhide lwemibuzo, ukuphoqelela ukuphenya ngokuvamile kufinyeza kakhulu − cishe kumane nje kudala umbuzo owodwa noma emibili ephindaphindwa ngokucophelela ephindani lezinkulungwane zabavoti.

Imikhankaso yezombangazwe isebenzisa ukubheca phakathi nokhetho lokuncintisana, izimpi eziyinhloko, nama-apenteum. Ziphumelela kakhulu ezindaweni ezinemininingwane ephansi lapho abavoti beye banciphisa khona ukuchayeka kokwaziswa okuyiqiniso. Ngokutshala umqondo oyiphutha noma wehaba engqondweni yomvoti, ukuvota okuphoqelelwe kungaguqula indaba ngaphandle kokuba ozocela ukuxoxa nayo obala.

Umehluko Phakathi Kokungcoliswa Kwezinhlansi Nokubhebhetheka Kwezinhlansi

Ukuqonda lomehluko kubaluleke kakhulu kubavoti. Izinhlangano zokuhlola ezisemthethweni, njenge-Gallup, Pew Research Center, noma i-professor project, zilandela izindinganiso eziqinile zezindlela zokuhlola. Zisebenzisa amagama ombuzo angathathi hlangothi, izibonelo ezingakhethiyo, futhi ziveza ngokucacile ubukhulu besibonelo nengalaphu yephutha. Umgomo wazo ukuqoqa ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa okungazisa indlela noma inkulumo yasobala.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlola kokuphoqa kuveza amafulegi amaningana abomvu: awavamile ukunikeza amasampula noma imininingwane yendlela yokusebenza; abuza imibuzo embalwa kuphela, ngokuvamile egcwele ulimi oluphambene; iqhutshwa izinhlangano zokucwaninga ezingaziwa noma ezikhohlisayo; futhi ngokuvamile asetshenziswa izimboni zokuhlola kwezombangazwe noma amaqembu amaqembu afuna ukuxhumana. Umcebi angase enqabe ukuveza inhlangano esekelayo, ethi iqhuba “uphenyo oluzimele.”

Ukuhlola okugunyaziwe kusetshenziselwa ukunikeza ulwazi, kanti ukuphenya okuphoqelelwe kusetshenziselwa ukunxenxa. Ukuhlola okungokoqobo kungabuza, “Kubaluleke kangakanani umnotho ekuvoteni kwakho kukamongameli?” Ukuhlola okucindezelayo kungabuza, “Uma ufunde ukuthi ukukhipha umsebenzi osekelwayo, ubungeke yini ube nokwenzeka ukuba uwuvotele?” Ofundayo acabange ukuthi usekela ukuvota, inkulumo engase ibe yinkohliso ngokuphelele.

Imishini Esebenza Ngengqondo: Isizathu Sokuba Kusebenze Ukumpompa

Ukuphenya uphenyo kusiza ekucubungulisweni okuningana okugxilile ekwenzeni izinqumo zomuntu. Ukuqonda lokhu bandlululo kunika abavoti amandla okuqaphela lapho izingqondo zabo zisetshenziswa kabi.

Umphumela Weqiniso Eliwukukhohlisa

Imiphumela ekhohlisayo yeqiniso iwukuthambekela kwabantu ukuba bakholelwe ukuthi inkulumo iyiqiniso ngenxa nje yokuthi bayizwile iphindwa ngaphambili. Uma inhlolo - vo ecindezelayo ibuza umvoti, “Uma wazi ukuthi i-Cansite B inombhalo wobugebengu, ingabe lokho kungathinta ivoti yakho?” Ubuchopho bomvoti bungakhumbula kamuva “imvume” yerekhodi lobugebengu, ngisho noma ingakaze ivunywe. Ukuphindaphindwa kwale mbono, ngisho nasemkhakheni wempikiswano, kudala inkumbulo eyiphutha. Lokhu kungathinta ikakhulukazi uma umvoti engenalwazi lwangaphambi kokuba athole.

Impicabadala

Abantu bahlohlwa ukuba baqaphele ukwaziswa okuphambene kunokwaziswa okuqondile. Izenzakalo, izici, kanye nezenzo ezingezinhle zikhumbuleka kakhulu futhi zinethonya elikhulu ekwenzeni izinqumo. Ukuhlola kokuphoqa kusebenzisa lokhu ngokugxila ekugobeni okungakhiyo kuphela ngomphikisi. Umvoti angase akhohlwe izici ezinhle zomuntu ozohlolwa, kodwa isisho esisodwa esilimazayo esivezwe ngokuhlola okuphoqelelwe singahlala sisenkumbulo, sisunduze ivoti yabo yokugcina.

Ubufakazi Bomphakathi Bokuphambana

Abanye bacindezela imibuzo esikisela umbono wabaningi, njengo-“ Abavoti abaningi esifundeni sakho bakhathazekile ngama-Candidate C axhunyiwe amaqembu akhuthaza amaqembu. Ukhathazekile kangakanani?” Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi iqembu elikhulu lontanga kakade linombono ophambene, ocindezela umphikisi ukuba avumelane. Ubufakazi bezenhlalo bungaba umbhekisi onamandla, ikakhulukazi kubavoti abangelutho noma abaphansi.

Ukuwohloka Kwezindlela Ezivamile Ezisetshenziswa Ekungcoliseni Okucindezelayo

Nakuba isihloko sokuqala sibala amasu amaningana, ngalinye lidinga ukuhlola ngokujulile ngoba ukuwasebenzisa kungahlukahluka kakhulu.

Ulimi Oluyindida Nezinkathazo Ezingokomzwelo

Amagama anamandla. Imibuzo yokuhlola ngokucindezela ihlonishwe ngokusebenzisa amagama acunulayo aklanyelwe ukuvusa intukuthelo, ukwesaba, noma ukunengwa. Esikhundleni sokuthi “I-Candidate Avotela ukwanda kwentela,” ukuhlola okucindezelayo kungathi,“ I-Candidate A eshicilelwe intela enkulu ezobhubhisa amabhizinisi amancane.” Isenezelo se-"i-" ebangela ukusabela okungokomzwelo okungacatshangelwe. Amanye amagama agcwele ukulayisha angahlanganisa u-“corrupt,” “radifi,”“ eyingozi,” no-“antinezenyuki.”

Imibuzo Eholela Kulokho Okucatshangwa Ukuthi Kuyokwenzeka

Umbuzo ophambili yilowo oqukethe ukuhlolwa. Umbuzo ovamile ophoqelelayo, “Uyayithanda yini icebo lika-Candidate D lokusika amaMedicare, okuyilokho ochwepheshe abathi kungalimaza abantu abadala?” usikisela ukuthi ohlongozayo uhlela ukuthi umedicare, nokuthi uthi ulimaza abantu abadala. Umvoti uphoqeleka ukuba aphendule kulesosimo, ngisho noma zonke izilinganiso ezintathu zingamanga. Lendlela inzima kakhulu ukuphikisana ngoba umvoti akanalo ithuba lokulungisa umbhalo endaweni.

Ukusakaza Ulwazi Olungamanga Noma Olunganembile

Ukuhlola kokuphoqa ngokuvamile kuveza izinkulumo eziyiqiniso eziqanjiwe noma ezisontekile kakhulu. Ku- 2000 South Carolina Republican yokuqala, abavoti bathola izingcingo zokuhlola eziphoqelelwe ezisikisela ukuthi umfundi uJohn McCain wayethole umntwana omnyama ongekho emthethweni. Ukuzisholo kwakungamanga, kodwa umonakalo wenziwe. Ngokufanayo, ukuphoqelela ukusakaza amahemuhemu ngempilo yomfundi, ukungahambi kahle kwezezimali, noma izindaba zangaphandle. Ngisho noma ukwaziswa kamuva kuncishisiwe, ukuchayeka kokuqala kungaba okungcono kakhulu emncintiswaneni oseduze.

Usongo Olusetshenziswayo Nemibuzo Ebangela Ukwesaba

Abanye baphoqelela ukuba kuthathwe ivoti, okusho ukuthi ivoti ethile izoholela ngokuqondile ebubini. Ngokwesibonelo, umbuzo ungase ubuze, “Uma kukhethwa u-E, ingabe ukhathazekile ngokuthi izintela zempahla yakho zizokwenyuka futhi zikuphoqelele ukuba uhambe?” Lokhu kudlala ngokukhathazeka kovoti futhi kuhlanganisa izindleko zomuntu siqu ekukhetheni. Umbuzo awunikezi ubufakazi; umane nje utshala ukukhathazeka.

Imibuzo Ehlukahlukene Nenemicu Emibili

Uzwela lungaba isikhali esinamandla. Umbuzo ofana nothi “Uthemba kangakanani u-F ezimpikiswaneni ezibalulekile kuwe?” Awucacile futhi unyanzela umvoti ukuba acabangele imibono engemihle okungenzeka uyezwa. Imibuzo ephindwa kabili yileyo ehlanganisa izimpikiswano ezimbili: “Uyalisekela irekhodi lika-G Gandidate ngemisebenzi nangendawo ezungezile?” Uma umvoti esekela i-F emsebenzini kodwa hhayi endaweni ezungezile, baphoqelelwa ukuba babheke noma kunoma yikuphi ukuphambuka. Le nkinga ihlanganisa i-votarth consor futhi inganciphisa intshiseko.

Izinguquko Ezingabonakali: “Ukubekwa Imfanelo” Ukuhlinzwa

Inguqulo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu isebenzisa ukuhlobisa okuqhathanisa: “Abanye bathi i-Candidate H ijwayelekile, kodwa abanye bathi ayithinteki. Imuphi umbono onawo?” Ngokunikeza i-propective elungile nengakhi, ukuhlola kuveza imfanelo embi futhi kukhuthaza umvoti ukuba ayicabangele. Ngisho noma umvoti enqaba ilebula elibi, imbewu itshalwe.

Izibonelo Zezwe Langempela: Ukubhebhethekisa Izinhlansi Ezingcolile Ezisebenzayo

Izibonelo ezingokomlando nezamuva zibonisa indlela ukuphenya okuphoqelela ngayo imiphumela yokukhetha eye yathonya ngayo.

Ugwayi waseNew York Isigele wango-1998: Umcuphi ongu-Alfonse D’Amato wasebenzisa ukucindezela ukuhlasela umphikisi wakhe, uCharles Schumer. Voters wabuzwa, “Uma wayazi ukuthi uCharles Schumer wayesebenzise imali yomkhankaso ukuze akhokhele izindleko zomuntu siqu, ubungeke umvotele?” Isimangalo asizange simelane, kodwa isikhala safinyelela izigidi zevoti, siphoqelele uSchumer ukuba achithe isikhathi futhi azivikele ngokwakhe imali.

Izindawo zobuRepublican: uGeorge W. Umkhankaso kaBush, kanye nothi abanye babasekeli bakhe, basebenzisa ukuphenya uJohn McCaine eSouth Carolina. Abaholi babuzwa imibuzo enjengokuthi, “Kungenzeka yini ukuthi uzoba nokwenzeka kakhulu ukuvota uJohn McCain uma wazi ukuthi unendodakazi emnyama?” Inhlebethi yamanga yokuthi McCain wayenengane ethathwe e-America ethandwayo, yabangela ukulahlekelwa kwakhe yi-comster.

2016 Ukhetho loMongameli: phakathi nomkhankaso ka-2016], abavoti ezifundazweni eziningi babika ukwamukela iziphetho zokuphenya ezabuza, “Uma bewazi ukuthi uHillary Clinton wayebopha ohulumeni bakwamanye amazwe okungenzeka babengemthetho, bekungathinta ukuvota kwakho?” Umbuzo ugcwele izikhalo eziningi ngaphandle kobufakazi, ugcizelela ukungethembana kakade.

Izibonelo zamuva kakhulu: Ukuvota kokuvota kuye kwafakazelwa kuhulumeni nasezinhlangani zendawo kulo lonke elase-US, eCanada, nase-UK. Kukhetho oluvamile lwama-UK, abanye abavoti bafaka izicelo zokuhlola inqubo yempilo ye-Labourvery bebuza ngezimiso ze-algorigist ngokusebenzisa amagama afana “ukuhlohla ucingo" ukusongela abantu abadala abavoti. E-Australia, ukuphoqa ukuvota kuye kwasetshenziselwa ukukhomba ithonya ukuveza isilinganiso somshado nokuqaphela.

Umehluko Ongokomthetho Nongasohlangothini

Umthetho wokuhlola ophoqelelwa uyahlukahluka kakhulu. E-United States, ivikeleke kakhulu ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo Sokuqala njengenkulumo yezombangazwe, uma ingaweqeli umkhawulo ekuhlanekezeleni okuqondile. Nokho, izifundazwe eziningi ziye zadlulisela imithetho efuna ukukhokha ukuthi ubani okhokhela lenhlawulo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-National Conference of State Legislatures ilandela lemithetho[. Ezinye zifuna ukuba ucingo luphawule inhlangano esekelayo uma icelwa, kuyilapho ezinye zidinga idiski ebhaliwe ekuqaleni.

I- i-Canada Evolutions Act inqabela ukukhishwa kwamazwi amanga ngomvoti, kodwa isunduza ukuphenya okubuza imibuzo ethwele ngezinye izikhathi kungagwema lomthetho ngenxa yokuthi ubekwe njengemibuzo kunamazwi ayiqiniso. I-UK ayinawo umthetho oqondile onqabela ukuphoqelela ukuphenya, kodwa i-Advacard Directal Authority ne-Electoral Commission ingangenela uma kushiwo izinkulumo ezidukisayo.

Ngokwe-ethernametics, ukuphenya okuphoqelelwe kulahlwa yizinhloli ezingochwepheshe. INhlangano yaseMelika ye-Public Opinion Research (AAPOR) ikhiphe iziqondiso zezesayensi [[FLT: 0]] umehluko phakathi kokucwaninga okungokomthetho nomkhankaso wokuzingela ukubulala. Amalungu e-APOR ayanqatshelwe ukuqhuba ukuphoqelela ukuhlolwa ngaphansi kokucwaninga. Naphezu kwalokho, amaqembu amaningi ezombangazwe awawona amalungu e-APATOR, futhi awekho.

Okwenza Izintuthwane Ezicindezelayo Zibe Yingozi Kakhulu Enkathini Yamanani

Indawo yokuhlola okuphoqelelwe ishintshile ngobuchwepheshe. Namuhla, izinketho ze-othocall ezizihambelayo kanye nokuhlola imiyalezo ye-message kuvumela imikhankaso yokufinyelela izigidi zabavoti engxenyeni yezindleko zezingcingo eziphilayo. Lezi zingcingo ezizimo zomuntu” zingahlanganisa imibuzo ebhaliwe, futhi ozozinikwayo akakwazi ukucela ukucaciswa noma ukusunduzwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasiteji ezokuxhumana enziwa avumela uhlobo olusha lokuhlola: amabhodi axhaswe akha izingcingo ezisetshenziswa njengezinhlolo zezelo lapho equkethe izinkulumo eziphikisayo.

Imininingwane emincane echaphazelekayo isho ukuthi ukuphenya okuphoqelelwayo kungasetshenziswa ukuze kubhekwe njengokwesaba okuthile kwenani labantu. Umvoti ochazwa ngokuthi umbaleki webhamu angathola ukuhlola okuphoqelelweyo ngerekhodi lokulawula isibhamu sombangi, kuyilapho umvoti okhathazekile ngemfundo angase abuze ngokuncishiswa kwemali yesikole. Lokhu kwenzela ukuphumelela kokuxhaphaza.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukungaqondakali kokuhlola ngemishini kwenza kube nzima ukulandelela umthombo. Inkampane ingaqasha amafemu esithathu ngezimali ezijiyile, okwenza kube cishe akunakwenzeka ukulandisa. Lokhu kuye kwaholela ekufuneni ukuqondiswa okuqinile kwezindawo zokuzikhangisa zezombangazwe kanye nemfuneko yokuba zonke izimemezelo zezombangazwe, kuhlanganise “izingcingo, zihlanganise ukuvunulwa okucacile komxhasi.

Indlela Imishini Engabona Futhi Imelane Ngayo Nokungcolisa

Ukuzivikela kudinga inhlanganisela yokungabaza nokuhlola iqiniso. Amasu alandelayo, akhuliswe ohlwini lokuqala, anikeza isivikelo esiqinile.

Qaphela Amafulegi Abomvu

  • ubude be-flot: Ukuhlola kwe-Legitimate kuvame ukuba imizuzu engu-5-15. Ucingo olubuza umbuzo owodwa noma emibili futhi lulengiswe lungayinhlolo-nqulwano esunduzayo.
  • Ulimi olulayishiwe noma oluholayo: Uma umbuzo uqukethe iziphawuli ezivuvukazayo (i-corrupt, ukungathembekile, inqaba) noma uthatha amaqiniso aphambene, kuyi-struction.
  • Akukho kwaziswa: [ Ofona akanakwazi ukuchaza inhlangano exhasayo. Ezifundeni eziningi, ukuvota okungokomthetho kudinga ukuthululwa.
  • Akukho ukubuyela emuva mayelana noqiniso: Ama-Legitimate precators avame ukunikeza inani lokuxhumana ukuze kuqinisekiswe. Ukuhlola kokusunduza akuvamile ukwenza.
  • Imibuzo “uma wazi” ukufushanisa: eqala ngokuthi“ Ungaba nokwenzeka kakhulu noma ngaphandle kokuvotela u-X uma wazi ukuthi u-Y?” iyizinqubo zokuzihlola eziphambili.

Thatha Isinyathelo Lapho Ucabangela Impova Ephoqelelayo

Uma usolwa ngokuphoqelelwa ukuba wenze inhlolo - vo, ungenza izinto eziningana:

  • Cela inhlangano exhasayo. Uma oshayela ucingo enqaba ukuphendula, phawula usuku, isikhathi, nenombolo yocingo.
  • Ungaphenduli imibuzo. Ngesiko uyanqaba ukuthatha isinyathelo noma ukuphambanisa. Lapho ukuqoqa ukuphoqa okuphoqelelayo kuthatha, kulapho ingathi “usuku lokuhlola” kakhulu ukuhlanganyela imiphumela nemithonga.
  • Umbiko walokhu. Ufaka isikhalo ngegunya lokhetho lombuso wakho noma iFederal Communications Commission (FCC) ye-ropocalls. Ungathintana nohlohli oluhlaselwayo, futhi bangafuna ukwazi umsuka.
  • [[QTY:0] Isikhala se Fact-check kamuva. Bheka lokho okushiwoyo okwenziwa kucingo. Sebenzisa ipropatistanti - ihlola izingosi ezinjenge FactC.org[ noma PLActct[[FLT]

Yakha Ukumelana Nokukhulumisana Okungathandeki

Isivikelo esithatha isikhathi eside sihilela ukuthuthukisa ukufunda nokubhala. Abavoter kufanele baqonde ukuthi akuyona yonke imikhankaso edalwe elinganayo, nokuthi imikhankaso yezombangazwe isebenzisa izindlela zokukhohlisa njalo. Ngokuhlala benolwazi ngabazodwa ngemithombo eminingi ezimele, abavoti bangahlola izimpikiswano eziphikisanayo futhi bamelane nokuthonywa ucingo olulodwa olungaziwa. Ukuxoxa ngezingcingo ezisolayo nabangane nomkhaya kungasiza futhi ukuqapha, kunciphise ukufinyelela lamacebo.

Ithonya Elibanzi Ekukhetheni Kwezokubusa Nentando Yeningi

Ukuphenya akuthinti nje kuphela abavoti ngabanye; kululaza izinga lenkulumo-mpikiswano yomphakathi. Kuletha ukwaziswa okungamanga noma okudukisayo emvelweni yezokwaziswa ngaphandle kokunikeza isisulu ithuba elihle lokusabela. Imikhankaso esebenzisa ukuphehla ukupheka ngokuvamile incike kuyo ngoba intula izimpikiswano eziwumshoshaphansi noma ifuna ukuvimbela ukuvinjelwa abasekeli abamelene nayo.

Kukhetho oluseduze, ukuphoqelela ukuvota kungaba okunqumayo. Ukuphoqelela ukuvota okuthatha isikhathi eside kufinyelela kuma-50 000 abavoti abangahloniphi esifundeni esiyinhloko kungasusa amavoti angamakhulu ambalwa (*ezinga ukuze kushintshwe umphumela. Lomkhuba futhi unezela ekuvotini abagxeki. Uma abavoti beqaphela ukuthi baye basetshenziswa kabi, bangase baphelelwe amandla, bakholelwe ukuthi konke ukuxhumana kwezombangazwe akuthembekile. Lokhu kuncishiswa kwethemba kulimaza izinhlangano zedemokhrasi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusunduza ukuvota kuthinta ngokungenakulinganiswa abavoti abangenaso isikhathi noma izimali zokuhlola konke okushiwoyo. Laba bavoti bavame ukuvela emiphakathini encitshiswe ngokwemingcele, okusho ukusunduza ukuphenya kungaveza ukungalingani okukhona embusweni wezombangazwe.

Isiphetho: Hlala Uphapheme Futhi Unolwazi

Ukuhlola okucindezelayo kulokhu kuwusongo oluphikelelayo kukhetho olulungile ngoba kusiza kakhulu ekuhloleni phakathi kokucwaninga nokufunda. Ngokuqaphela amasu avamile [1] ulimi olugcwele, imibuzo eholelayo, ukwaziswa okungakhi, usongo oluvezwayo, kanye nokungaqondakali kwe-"integers" inganciphisa lamacebo okulawula. Isihluthulelo siwukusondela kunoma ikuphi ukuhlola kwezombangazwe ngokungaqiniseki nokuqinisekisa noma yikuphi ukusho okusha okukhona ngemithombo ethembekile.

Idemokrasi ixhomeke emakhonweni ezakhamuzi okukhululeka nokwazi. Lapho ukuphenya okuphoqelelwa kuthatha indawo yempikiswano eqotho ngokungabaza okutshaliwe, ilulaza leso sisekelo. Kodwa ukuqonda kuyisilinganiso esinamandla esiphikisanayo. Ngokuqonda indlela yokuphenya imisebenzi, abavoti bangabona ngayo futhi benze izinqumo ezisekelwe emaqinisweni, ezindinganisweni, nasekuzindleni okuqotho, hhayi ekwesabeni okukhiqizwayo kweqembu lezombangazwe elifihliwe.

Ukuze ifunde ngokuqhubekayo ngendlela yokubona imikhuba yokuhlola engathembekile, iPew Research Center inikeza iziqondiso eziwusizo ekuhloleni indlela yokuhlola [[FLT: 1], futhi iNhlangano yaseMelika ye-Public Opinion Research inikeza ikhasi lemfundo yomphakathi [ ekutheni ikhasi elisemthethweni lezifundo.