U-Civic acclib . . . Ukuqonda indlela uhulumeni osebenza ngayo, amalungelo nemithwalo yemfanelo yezakhamuzi, namakhono okuhlanganyela ngokuphumelelayo ezimisweni zentando yeningi − kuyisici esiyinhloko somphakathi ophilile. Kuyinkathi yolwazi oluningi kakhulu, ukuhlalisana kwezombangazwe, nokungathembi izinhlangano, isidingo sokufunda kakhulu kwezakhamuzi, asikaze singxamise kakhulu. Abantu abakwazi ukufunda nokubhala ngokwezentengiselwano bahlonyiswe kangcono ukuhlaziya ulwazi oluphelele, bahileleke enkulu enkulu enkulu enkulumweni yomphakathi, futhi baneqhaza emiphakathini yabo. Nakuba izigidi zabantu bangenalwazi oluyisisekelo lwemisebenzi yabo engokwemisebenzi kahulumeni, igebe elenza ukuba abantu basuse futhi bangasheki ukukhohlakala ukuqa. Izinhlangano eziphambili zezentengo yomphakathi zifuna ngekhono, izinhlangano zezisebenzi eziphambili zezentengopheko yezokuthuthukisa izinhlangano zezemfundo, izinhlangano eziphambili zezehlakalo eziphambili zezehlakalweni eziphambili zeze umphakathi, izinhlangano eziphambili zezehlakalweni eziphambili zezehlakalweni eziwusizo kakhulu.

Ukubaluleka Kokufunda

I-Civic anich fundings agcina ngekhanda amagatsha kahulumeni. Kuhlanganisa ulwazi, amakhono, nemibono edingekayo kubantu ukuba bahlanganyele ngokunenjongo ekuphileni komphakathi. Ngokwe-] Isikhungo se-Civic Education[, umuntu ofundile ngokwendawo ezungezile uqonda izimiso zomthetho-sisekelo ezilawula isimo, uqaphela amalungelo nemithwalo yemfanelo yesizwe, futhi angahlanganyela enkulumweni yomphakathi. Izakhamuzi ezifundile zinikwe amandla okukhuluma:

  • Yenza izinqumo zolwazi phakathi nokhetho, kuhlanganise nokuhlola abazothatha, ukuqonda isilinganiso, nokuqaphela imiphumela yokukhetha kwezimiso.
  • Ukuthatha isinyathelo ezingxoxweni zomphakathi nezinyathelo, kusukela emihlanganweni yehholo ledolobha kuya ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi, okunengxenye ngokucabangela ekuxazululeni inkinga yendawo.
  • [ Amalungelo abo [ namalungelo abanye ngezicelo, ukunxusa, izenzo zomthetho, nobufakazi basobala.
  • [ ngokucubungula izigijimi zemithombo yezindaba, uphawu lobandlululo, ulwazi olungelulungile, nenkulumo - ze engaphazamisa ukuqonda komphakathi.

Intengo ziphakeme. Ukuhlola kwango-2019 okwenziwa i-Antenberg Public Policy Center kwathola ukuthi ngu-320% kuphela wamaMelika angaqamba wonke amagatsha amathathu kahulumeni, futhi ama-22% angawaqambi amagama. Leligebe elinemiphumela engokoqobo: ulwazi oluphansi lomphakathi luhlanganisa namavoti aphansi, ukuncishiswa kwezinhlangano zentando yeningi, nokungakholeki okukhulu ekususeni i-procracy. Ezweni lapho imithombo yezenhlalakahle ichaza okunezelwe kakhulu futhi abadlali bakwamanye amazwe besebenzisa khona izigaba zomphakathi, ukujolisa abantu ngokwezigodlo zentando yeningi. Ihlomisa abantu ngabanye hhayi nje ngamaqiniso, kodwa ngamathuluzi angokwezimboni ukuze bahambe ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nokuqiniseka ukuze bahlanganyele.

Ukuhlobana Phakathi Kokufunda Nokukhubazeka Kwezomnotho

Ukucwaninga kuyaqhubeka kubonisa ukuthi ukufunda nokubhala kwabantu kuhlobene nethuba lezomnotho. Izindawo ezinamazinga aphakeme ezakhamuzi ezibophayo zithambekele ekuheheleni imali eyengeziwe, zinenetha lokuphepha kwezenhlalo elinamandla kakhulu, futhi zinikeza izinkonzo zomphakathi ezingcono. Lapho izakhamuzi ziqonda indlela yokulawula izinhlelo zikahulumeni, ukusekela izakhiwo, noma ukuthonya izinqumo zesikole, zingathuthukisa izinga lokuphila kwazo siqu kanye nomakhelwane bazo. Isibonelo, u-ammony engazuzisi inzuzo [ enika izakhamuzi ezinekhono lomphakathi elinika amandla okubona imiphumela ephansi emsebenzini, ukuqina kwezindlu, nokufundiswa. Ngakho i-CBILCB ayiwona amandla aphambili okuzinzayo kubantu ngabanye futhi abenza babe nokuhle kakhulu.

Isivumelwano Somphakathi: Indlela Yokuthola Ukufunda Nokubhala

Nakuba imfundo yasekilasini inikeza isisekelo, imfundo ephambili ngokuhlanganisa umphakathi ijulisa ukuqonda futhi yakhe imikhuba ehlala njalo yokuhlanganyela. Ukubophana komphakathi kubhekisela enqubweni ebambisanayo lapho izakhamuzi, izinhlangano, kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi zisebenza ndawonye ekuxazululeni izindaba ezithinta ukuphila kwabantu. Uma kwenziwa kahle, iguqula izakhamuzi ezingazinaki zibe abakhi abakhuthele. Ukuhlanganyela kungathatha izindlela eziningi:

  • [ Imihlangano ye-Public nehholo ledolobha [ lapho izakhamuzi zikhathalela khona izwi, zibuza imibuzo, futhi zibambe izikhulu ezikhethiwe zinecala.
  • [ amathuba nemisebenzi yenkonzo ehlanganisa abantu ezidingweni zendawo, njengamapaki okuhlanza, abafundi abafundisayo, noma amabhange okudla.
  • Izinqubo ezicubungulayo zokwenza izinqumo, kuhlanganise nokuhlela uhlelo lokuhlela, amabhodi omphakathi, nemikhandlu yokuhlela indawo.
  • Imisebenzi yesayensi neqoqo lokwaziswa enika izakhamuzi amandla okubhala izimo zendawo ezungezile noma izinkinga zempilo yomphakathi.
  • [ Izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa i-parteshi [ eziqeqesha izakhamuzi ukuba zikhonze emabhodini, emakhoyiseni, noma njengabahleli bomphakathi.

Ngalezi zenzakalo zezandla, abantu bazuza ulwazi lwangempela ngendlela uhulumeni wendawo osebenza ngayo, ukwakha ubuhlobo nabaholi nontanga, futhi bahlakulele umuzwa wokuba abanikazi bezinkinga zomphakathi. Bafunda ukuxoxisana, ukuhlanganisa, nekhono lokuhlehla (izikhundla) nokungadluliswa incwadi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukubophana komphakathi kwenza ukuba ukwazi ukufunda nokubhala kubaluleke: imiqondo ecatshangelwayo enjengemithetho ehleliwe noma izimali zesikole kuba sobala uma isakhamuzi sibona ithonya emgwaqweni waso noma ekilasini lengane yabo siqu.

Izibonelo Zezinyathelo Zomphakathi Ezisebenzayo

Izibonelo eziningana ezisekelwe ebufakazini ziye zabonisa amandla okuthembisana umphakathi ukuthuthukisa ukufunda nokubhala kwezakhamuzi. Lezi zihlanganisa:

  • Imikhandlu yomphakathi: emadolobheni anjengeLos Angeles ne Seattle, imikhandlu yomakhelwane inikeza izakhamuzi ithonya eliqondile ekusetshenzisweni kwezwe, izimali, nezinkonzo zedolobha. Abathathi-nxaxheba bafunda ngemithetho kamasipala, ukuqulwa kwezindlebe, nendima yeminyango yedolobha ("ephelele") uma belungisa izinqumo ezithinta ukuphila kwabo kwansuku zonke.
  • Izinhlelo zobuholi be-Youth Instructions:[ Izinhlangano ze-Yoth Leadership Intiative [[[FLT:]] zifaka intsha okhethweni oluhlekisayo, ekuhlolweni kwezimiso, nasemikhankasweni yenkonzo. Abathathi bengxenye baphuma beqonda ngokujulile izinqubo zezombangazwe kanye nokuzimisela okukhulu kokuvota nokwenza ngokuzithandela.
  • Izikhungo zomsebenzi ezihlangene eMfundweni we-CBIC: Inzuzo enjenge-National Civic League inikeza amashabhu afundisa izakhamuzi indlela yokuhamba nohulumeni wendawo, ukusekela ushintsho, nokusebenzisa imibhalo yomphakathi. Lezi zikhathi zihlanganisa izigigaba zokudlala indima, njengokulungiselela ubufakazi bekhasi lomphakathi.
  • Ukuhlelwa Kwendlela Yokuhlela Uhlelo (PB): Ezimisweni zePB, izakhamuzi zinquma ngokuqondile ukusebenzisa ingxenye yezimali zomphakathi. Amadolobha anjenge New York, Boston, neChicago aye asebenzisa iPB ukuze angene ezinkulungwaneni zezakhamuzi, eziningi zazo ezingakaze zibe khona emhlanganweni kahulumeni. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi abathathi-nxaxheba i-PB bandisa ulwazi lwabo lwezimali zedolobha futhi bazizwe benamandla kakhulu okuhlanganyela kwezinye imisebenzi yezembubhiso.

Lezi zinyathelo azithuthukisi nje kuphela ukufunda nokubhala emphakathini kodwa futhi zakha inhloko - dolobha yezenhlalo nezimiso ezenza imiphakathi ikwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga njengeqembu. Pew Research Center [ yathola ukuthi amaMelika abika amazinga aphakeme okuthembisana komphakathi abonisa ukwaneliseka okukhulu ngemiphakathi yawo nokuthemba omakhelwane. Uma abantu bezizwa bexhunyiwe futhi bekwazi, basengozini kakhulu yokuhlala behilelekile esikhathini eside.

Indima Yezinhlelo Zemithombo Yezindaba Ekufundeni Kwabantu Abafundile

Izinhlelo zemithombo yezindaba zisebenza njengentsheli enkulu yemizamo yomphakathi yokufunda nokubhala. Enkathini lapho amaMelika amaningi athola khona izindaba zawo kuma-digitation, imithombo yezindaba ingajulisa ukuqonda komphakathi noma iwukhukhule. Izinhlelo zezokuxhumana ezakhiwe ngenjongo − zikhiqizwa abasakazi bomphakathi, abakhi benzuzo, noma izintatheli zendawo . .C.can unikeza ukwaziswa okunembile, okufinyelelekayo nokuqalisa izingxoxo eziholela ekuthembisaneni. Izinhlelo zezokuxhumana eziphumelelayo zihlanganisa:

  • [ Izimemo zenkonzo yePS (PS ) ezichaza izinqubo zokuvota, ukuhlanganyela ekubaleni abantu, noma ukuthi ungathintana kanjani nezikhulu ezikhethiwe.
  • Amaphepha ezindaba akhethekile[ ukuthi abahleli bomphakathi abaphezulu, baqokomisa izinyathelo zomphakathi eziphumelelayo, futhi bahlola ukunqanyulwa kwezimiso.
  • [ Uchungechunge lwezikhangiso [ olubonisa izingxoxo nabaholi bendawo, abashisekeli, nochwepheshe, lwenza izindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi zixazululwe futhi zixoxwe.
  • [[[NT:0] Iziteshi zokulinganisa inombolo ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bafanise izinqubo zemithetho, ukuhlolwa kokwaziswa, noma ukuhlanganyela ekuhloleni nasekuxoxiseni.
  • [[INTLA:0] Imikhankaso yezezindaba esebenzisa amavidiyo amafushane, ulwembu lwe-menutures, kanye nezinhlandla ze-Q&A ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezibukeli lapho zikhona.

Izinhlelo zezokuxhumana zithuthukisa ulwazi lwezezindaba ngokunikeza ukwaziswa okufinyelelekayo, ngokukhuthaza ukugxeka, nokwenza iziteshi zezwi elihlukene. Zingasusa i-mistry elawulayo, zifanekisa ithonya lomuntu lezinqumo zenqubo, nengxoxo yomphakathi eyisibonelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithombo yezindaba ifinyelela izibukeli ezingase zingene ehholo ledolobha noma zifunde iphepha lesimiso esifana nentsha, izikhulumi zamaNgisi ezingezona ezezingeni eliphezulu, noma lezo ezinezithuthilo ezilinganiselwe. Ngokufaka amafomethi amaningi kanye nezindlela zokusakaza, izinhlelo zezokusakaza izinhlelo ziphula imingcele yolwazi lwezenhlalakahle.

Izinhlelo Eziphumelelayo Zemithombo Yezindaba Emfundoni Yesibhamu

Izinhlelo eziningana zemithombo yezindaba ziye zaphumelela ngokukhethekile ekuthuthukiseni ukufunda nokubhala emphakathini:

  • Inhlangano ye-Cicobic Isukmentations ku-Social Media: izinhlangano ezingahambisani ne-Nopartistan njenge . org isebenzisa izikhangiso ezihloselwe, izikhumbuzo, kanye nokuqukethwe kwemfundo ukuqhubela ukubhalisa nokukhipha. Umkhankaso wazo wa 2020 wafinyelela izigidi eziyisithupha zabavoti, abaningi babo babika ngokufunda ngezindawo zokuhlola, izimfuneko ze-ID, kanye nezingathsuselwanga ngqo emkhankanyeni.
  • Izindaba ezisasebenza Platforms: Izinhlelo ezinjenge Baballothedia kanye ne[FLT]] i-Vote411[ ivumela abasebenzisi ukuba bangene ekhelini labo futhi babone ama-bolot, izincazelo zomdwebo, nezincazelo ezicacile zezindlela zebhola. Lamathuluzi anciphisa izindleko zolwazi futhi anike ivolution ukuze benze izinqumo ezinolwazi.
  • I-Uctive YouTube Channels: Iziteshi ezinjenge Izindlela zokungahlakaniphi uhulumeni nezombangazwe kanye ne[FLT]PBS [ iqukethe izihloko eziyinkimbinkimbi ekungeneni, ekugayeni izigigaba. Ngezigidi zabakhokheli, bafinyelela izilaleli zembulunga yonke ezingase zibe nethuba elilinganiselwe lokuthola imfundo ye-sosha.
  • Ithelevishini ye-“Mina i Voters” : Ikhishwe yi-commium yeziteshi ze-TV zomphakathi, leqoqo lamafilimu amafushane nezici ezihambisanayo lihlanganisa izihloko kusukela ekholijini eliyi-gerrymanitor kuya ekholijini lokhetho. Lochungechunge lusakazwa emakilasini futhi lwenziwe lutholakale ngesihle, lusekela kokubili uhlelo lwemfundo yesikole nemfundo yethukela.
  • Izindaba zase-Locale Colicatives: emadolobheni anjengeFiladelphia neDetroit, izikhangiso zezindaba ezingazuzisi ezihambisana nezinhlangano zomphakathi ukuze ziveze ukubika ukuthi kudinga umphakathi othile. Okufana nokuqonda intela yempahla noma ukuqondisa isimiso sokunakekela. Lemiba ehlangeneyo yakha ukwethembana nokusebenza, okukhulisa ukuthembisana.

Lezinhlelo ziphumelela ngoba zihlanganisa ukwaziswa okuqondile nokudwetshwa komklamo oshukumisayo nosetshenziswayo. Zihlonipha ukuhlakanipha kwezilaleli kuyilapho zivuma ukuthi abantu abaningi bamatasa; zenza ukufunda nokubhala kube yingxenye engokwemvelo yokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yezindaba yansuku zonke kunokuba kube umsebenzi owengeziwe.

Imithombo Yezindaba Nezinkonzo Zokuthuthukisa Ithonya Elijulile

Izindlela ezinamandla kakhulu zihlanganisa izinhlelo zomphakathi kanye nezokuxhumana. Ngokwesibonelo, isiteshi sendawo singaveza uchungechunge lwesimiso sezindlu bese sifaka isiqephu sokulalela emtatsheni wezincwadi lapho izibukeli zingahlanganyela khona okuhlangenwe nakho kwazo futhi zifunde ngobuprakthi. Umkhankaso wezenhlala-khona ophathelene nokulungisa izakhiwo ezingadingi: uhlanganisa ukuxoxa okuphilayo nomhleli wedolobha, kulandelwe ukumenywa komphakathi. Uma izingxoxo zezokuxhumana nokuthembisa kunikeza indawo yokusebenza, izinhlangano zemfundo. Izinhlangano zemfundo kufanele ziklame izinhlelo ngenkolelo ecacile yoshintsho: ukuhlanganiswa kwezokuxhumana kukhulisa ulwazi; ukubophela ulwazi kwenza ulwazi lusebenze.

Izindlela Zokusebenzisa Imisebenzi Yomphakathi Nezinhlelo Zemithombo Yezindaba

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukufundwa kwezincwadi zomphakathi, izinhlangano zesikole, inzuzo, imitapo, izimemezelo zezindaba, kanye nezinhlangano zikahulumeni, zingathatha iqoqo lamasu aqinisekisiwe. Lokhu kufanele kuhlotshaniswe nomongo wendawo kodwa kusekelwe ezimisweni ezihlanganyelweyo zokubhala, ukufinyelela, nobufakazi.

Imfundo Yesigingqi Ngalé Kwesimiso Sobuculu Namaqembu Eminyaka

Imfundo yekilasi ilokhu iyindlela eyinhloko yokwakha isisekelo sokufunda nokubhala. Izikole kufanele zihlanganise imfundo yomphakathi hhayi nje esigabeni sikahulumeni wesimende, kodwa kuwo wonke umlando, isiNgisi, futhi ngisho nesayensi (ngokwesibonelo, ngokuhlola ukuhlobana kwezenhlala-khona kokushintsha kwesimo sezulu noma isimiso sokugoma. Imfundo yeprojekthi, njengokhetho noma imisebenzi yokufundela umsebenzi, ukuqinisa imfundo yezemfundo. Imishini yezemfundo nezindawo zokudayisa izindaba zingasiza abafundi ukuba bahlaziye ukuchaza nokuqonda imithombo yezindaba yangempela nokuqonda izimiso zezindaba.

Sebenzisa Ubuchwepheshe Ekuvimbeleni Izithiyo Eziphansi Ukuze Uhlanganyele

Amathuluzi emishini angenza ukuba ukuthatha isinyathelo kusebenze futhi kungabi yinto enzima kakhulu. Izindawo zobuchwepheshe zomphakathi, amahholo asobala, kanye neziqondisi ezihambayo ezibonisa ukuvota zinciphisa isidingo sokuhamba nesikhathi sokungasebenzi. Izinhlangano kufanele ziqinisekise ukuthi lamathuluzi atholakala kubantu abakhubazekile nabatholakala ngezilimi eziningi. Ngokwesibonelo, [[FLT: 0] ubuchwepheshe obungakhisi inzuzo [ buveza izinhlelo ezivulekile ezisiza izakhamuzi ukuba zivote izinhlelo zomkhandlu, zibika izimbobo, noma zithole izenzakalo zendawo. Izinqubo zokuqeqesha zokusebenzisa lamathuluzi zingathuthukisa izinombolo nezokufundela amaqembu.

3. Yibani nobuhlobo obuseduze namaqembu Ezokuxhumana Nezokuxhumana Nezomphakathi

Ayikho inhlangano eyodwa engenza lomsebenzi kuphela. Izikole, imitapo, nezinzuzo ezingadingeki kufanele zihambisane nezindawo zendawo zokuveza izinhlelo zomphakathi. Amaqembu omphakathi angabona izimpikiswano ezicindezelayo nezithunywa ezithenjwayo, kuyilapho ochwepheshe bezokusakaza beletha ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqizwa nokusakazwa. Lezi zingqungquthela zingathola imali enele ngokusekela ukubhalisana kwezincwadi nezivumelwano zezezezezezenhlalakahle, njenge-HightnFound okanye i-Community for Public Broadcasting.

Nikezani Ukuqeqeshelwa Abaholi Nabaholi

Isithembiso somshado siphumelela kakhulu uma abakhiqizi benekhono ekuthuthukiseni ingxoxo ehlanganisayo nokulawula izingxabano. Izinhlangano kufanele zifake imali ekuqeqesheni abaholi bomphakathi, othisha, nabakhiqizi bezindaba ngezihloko ezinjengezi:

  • Izindlela zokuxoxa ngenhlonipho ezindabeni eziphikisanayo.
  • Indlela yokubona nokulwa nokwaziswa okungeyikho ngesikhathi sangempela.
  • Imishini yempucuko incintisana ukuze kuqinisekwe ukuthi izinhlelo zifinyelela futhi zihloniphe imiphakathi ehlukahlukene.
  • Ukusebenzisa ukwaziswa nezindaba ukuze kwenziwe imiqondo yomphakathi icace.

I-National Civic League neDemocracy Consorium ezimele inikeza izilinganiso nemithombo yokuqeqesha okunjalo.

5. Linganisa Futhi Usebenzise

Ukuqinisekisa izinhlelo ziyasebenza, izinhlangano kufanele zimise imfundo ecacile kanye nemigomo yokuthembisana futhi ziqoqe ukwaziswa. Ukuhlola kwangaphambi nangemva kwe-program kungalinganisa ushintsho olwazini lomphakathi, ukuqiniseka, nenhloso yokuhlanganyela. Amaqembu agxilayo nezingxoxo zinikeza ukuqonda kokuthi yini eshukumisayo nemingcele esele. Lobufakazi bubuye bubuyele emuva ekuklanyweni kwezinhlelo, kubangele umjikelezo wentuthuko eqhubekayo. Ukuhlanganyela obala `ngokuvumelana nemibiko noma ulwazi lwe-graphics", kwakha futhi kwakha umphakathi ukuthengwa nokunxenxela ukusekela okwengeziwe.

Isiphetho

Ukuhlanganisa ukufunda nokubhala akuwona umkhankaso wesikhathi esisodwa kodwa isibopho esiqhubekayo sokunakekela ulwazi, izakhamuzi ezinamandla ezingalondoloza idemokrasi ngezikhathi ezinzima. Ukubophana komphakathi kunikeza abantu ulwazi oluqondile nokuhlobana nomphakathi okwenza ulwazi lomphakathi lube nokubaluleka, kuyilapho izinhlelo zezokuxhumana zinikeza ukufinyelela nokutholakala okudingekayo ukuze kuhlanganise wonke umuntu. Zombili, zikha umjikelezo omuhle: ukuthembisana kujulisa ukuqonda, futhi ukuqonda kukhulisa izivumelwano eziqhubekayo. Kubafundisi, abahleli bomphakathi, izintatheli, nabenzi bezimiso, indlela engaphambili yenza ukuba ulwazi olunenzuzo, izinhlelo ezivumelanayo ezihlangana nabantu lapho bekhona, zibahlobise ngamathuluzi abawadingayo, futhi zibamemeze emsebenzini wokulungisa imiphakathi yabo. Uma izindlebe zonke zizwa futhi ziqonda ukuthi izakhamuzi ziqonda kanjani umehluko, idemo yentando yentando yentando yeningi.