Ukuqonda Izivikelo Zakho Ezingokomthetho

Amalungelo akho angokomthetho akha isisekelo sokulunga kwansuku zonke, ukuphepha, nokuzibusa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uqapha emsebenzini, ukuthenga umkhiqizo nge-intanethi, ukuqasha igumbi, noma ukuhamba emgwaqweni, udwendwe lwemithetho nezimiso kuzokuvikela ekuxhashazweni, ekucwaseni, nasekuxhashazweni. Nokho amandla alamalungelo axhomeke ngokuphelele ekuqapheleni kwakho. Abantu abaningi abaqapheli ukuthi yini esemthethweni enelungelo lokuthenga, ibashiya bengavikelekile ekuphathweni noma ekususweni. Lesiqondiso sinikeza ukucaciswa okucacile kwezivikelo oluyinhloko olungokomthetho olulungisa ukuphila kwansuku zonke, ngomniningwane okwazi ukukusekela wena nabanye.

Amalungelo aguqukela ngemithetho, imithetho, nangezinqumo zenkantolo. Imithetho yamaFederal enjenge-Civil Rights Act, i-Fair Labor Standard Act, neConsumer Protection Act ebekwa e-sisekeni, kanti imithetho yombuso neyasendaweni ivame ukunezela izingqimba ezengeziwe. Ukwazi ukuthi ungabhekaphi ukwaziswa okunokwethenjelwa kubaluleke njengokuyazi imithetho ngokwayo. Njengoba ufunda, phawula ukuthi isivikelo esingokomthetho asisona isiqinisekiso somphumela; siyizinhlelo zokufuna ubulungisa. Uma ubhekene nokuphikiswa okungathi sína, ukubuza ummeli noma inhlangano yosizo engokomthetho kuhlale kuyisinyathelo esiqinile.

Amalungelo Omsebenzi

Le mithetho ilawulwa isimiso semisebenzi esiyinkimbinkimbi esihloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuphathwa kahle, ukuphepha, nesithunzi sezomnotho. Lezi sivikelo zisebenza ezizisebenzini eziningi, nakuba izisebenzi ezizimele nezigaba ezithile zezisebenzi zingase zibe namalungelo ahlukile. Ukuqonda amalungelo akho emisebenzi kukusiza ukuba uqaphele lapho umqashi eweqa futhi ekuhlomise ukuba uthathe isinyathelo esifanele.

Ithuba Elilinganayo Nokuphikisana

Ngaphansi kweSihlomo VII soMthetho we-Civil Rights ka-1949, njengoba iphoqelelwe yi- Equal Opportunity Commission (EOC), akuvunyelwe ukuba abaqashi bakhethe ngokusekelwe kwebala, ibala, inkolo, ubulili (kuhlanganise ukukhulelwa, ukukhuliswa ngokobulili, kanye nokuzichaza kwabesilisa nabesifazane), noma umsuka wesizwe. Imithetho eyengeziwe ivikela ekucwaseni okusekelwe ebudaleni obusukela ebudaleni (40 nangaphezulu), ukukhubazeka (iMadollan anezithiwe e-sethiyo), nokwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo. Abaqashi abanakho ukusebenzisa lezicici ezivikelekile ekuqasheni, ekudunyisweni, ekukhushumiseni, ekukhokheni, noma kunoma yisiphi esinye isikhathi semisebenzi.

Uma ubhekene nokucwaswa, kufanele ubhale yonke izenzakalo(izinsuku, ofakazi, nokuxhumana) futhi ubeke icala nge-EEOC phakathi nezinsuku eziyi-180 (noma izinsuku ezingu-300 kwezinye izifundazwe) zesenzo sokukhipha imvume. Izisebenzi ze-Federal zinezikhathi ezihlukene nezinqubo. Izifunda eziningi zinezinhlangano ezihlobana namakhambi engeziwe.

Imithetho Yesikhathi Nehora

IFair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) imisa iholo elilinganiselwe likahulumeni (R1,25 ngehora njengo-2025, nakuba amazwe amaningi namadolobha enamazinga aphakeme) futhi idinga ukukhokha isikhathi esengeziwe ngokuphindwe ka-1,5 izinga elivamile lamahora asebenza angaphezu kuka-40 ngesonto lomsebenzi. Intethelelo ikhona kumphathi othile okhokhelwayo, umphathi, nezisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe, kodwa ukungaqondi kahle kuvamile. [[FLT: 0] Unelungelo lokuthola iholo eligcwele,[ kuhlanganisa ukudla nokuphumula okufunwa ngumthetho. Abaqashi abanakuziphindisela ngokukhononda ngeholo ngokugcotshwa.

Ukuphepha Emsebenzini

I-Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) ifuna abaqashi ukuba banikeze indawo yomsebenzi ngaphandle kwezingozi eziqashelwayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa okufanele, imishini yokuvikela, nezinhlelo zokuvimbela ukulimala. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi kunendaba engathi sína yokuphepha, ungafaka isikhalo esiyimfihlo ku-OSHA. Unelungelo lokwenqaba umsebenzi obangela ingozi eseduze yokufa noma ukulimala okukhulu, uma nje ungenakho okunye okunengqondo.

Ikhefu Lomkhaya Nelezokwelapha

IFamily and Medical Let (FMLA) inikeza izisebenzi ezifanelekayo amasonto angu - 12 ekhefu elingakhokhelwa ngonyaka ngenxa yezizathu ezithile zomkhaya nezokwelapha: ukuzalwa noma ukutholwa kwengane, isimo sempilo esingathi sína sezisebenzi noma ilungu lomkhaya eliseduze, noma umkhaya wezempi ofanelekayo. Ukuze ufaneleke, kumelwe ukuba usebenzele umqashi wakho okungenani izinyanga eziyi - 12, okungenani amahora angu - 1,250 ngonyaka odlule, futhi endaweni enezisebenzi ezingu-50 noma ngaphezulu phakathi namakhilomitha angu-75. Phakathi nekhefu, iFMLA yakho yezempilo kumelwe iqhubeke, futhi ngokuvamile unelungelo lokubuyela esimweni esifanayo noma esifanayo.

Izivikelo Zokuvuthela

Imithetho eminingi ivikela izisebenzi ezibika imisebenzi engekho emthethweni noma engaphephile. Lezi zivikelo ziqine kakhulu ngaphansi kwemithetho enjenge Sarbanes-Oxley Act (ukukhwabanisa kwenkampani), uMthetho weDodd-Frank (ukuphula umthetho ngenxa yokuvaleka kwemithetho), kanye nemithetho ye-pile ehlukahlukene. I-Retaliging yokubika ukuziphatha okubi ngokwako akuvunyelwe ngokomthetho,[ futhi unganikezwa ilungelo lokubuyiselwa, ukubuyiselwa emuva, ukukhokha futhi ulahleke uma uxoshwa noma uhliswa ngenxa yokufuthela ikhwelo.

Amalungelo Abantu

Uma uthenga umkhiqizo, usayina isivumelwano, noma usebenzisa inkonzo ethile, ungenela ubuhlobo obungokomthetho obulawulwa imithetho yokuvikela abathengi. Lemithetho ihlose ukuqinisekisa ukuphatha kahle, ukwaziswa okunembile, nemikhiqizo ephephile. Ukwazi amalungelo akho abathengi kukusiza ukuba ugweme ukukhohlisa futhi uthole amakhambi uma izinto zingahambi kahle.

Ilungelo Lokwaziswa Okunembile

I-Federal Trade Commission (FTC) imisa imithetho emelene nokukhangisa okukhohlisayo nezenzo zebhizinisi ezingalungile. Amabhizinisi akumelwe akudukise ngentengo yomkhiqizo, izinga, umsuka, noma ukuphumelela. FTC] Consumer Information[] ingosi enkulu yokuhlukanisa izikhalo ezivamile nezikhalo ezicunulayo. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi inkampani ikukhohlise, ungabika kuyi-FTC kanye nommeli wakho jikelele.

Ilungelo Lokuphepha

I-Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) inikeza izindinganiso zokuphepha zezinkulungwane zemikhiqizo. Uma umkhiqizo ukhubazekile noma uyingozi, umkhiqizi kungadingeka awukhumbule. Unelungelo lokubuya noma lokunika umkhiqizo okhumbulekayo i-frest, ukulungiswa, noma ukubuyiselwa. Imikhiqizo eyingozi (njengezimoto eziningi), eshiwoyo yokuhweba ifuna ukuba lomkhiqizo usebenze ngendlela umuntu onengqondo alindele ngayo. Umkhiqizo oyingozi ungabangela ukumangalelwa kwengozi yomuntu siqu ngenxa yecala lomkhiqizo noma ukunganaki.

Ukubuya Nokubuya

Intengo ngayinye iza ne- “ama-dictive asetshenziswayo” ngaphandle kokuba into ithengiswe“njengoba ingu” (okumelwe ichazwe ngokucacile). Lezi zihlanganisa isiqinisekiso esishiwoyo sokuhweba (umkhiqizo usebenzela injongo yawo evamile) futhi, ukuze kuthengwe izinto ezithengiwe ngencazelo noma ngesampuli, isiqinisekiso esishiwoyo sokufaneleka kwenjongo ethile. abakhokhi abadingeki ngokomthetho ukunikeza inkambiso yemali [[[ ngaphezu kwale mithetho esemthethweni, kodwa uma beyifanele, kumelwe ihloniphe. Izimo eziningi zidinga izimpahla ezilahlekileyo ngesikhathi esifanelekile. Gcina amathilidi, futhi uma umthengisi enqaba okungenayo, cabangela ukuphikisana nenkampane yekhabethelo yakho yemali noma inkantolo encane.

Ukuthenga Nge - Internet Namalungelo Ezobuchwepheshe

Intengiselwano yangaphakathi ivikelwe yimithetho efanayo neyomthengi eselelwayo, kodwa eminye iziqondiso ziyasebenza. I-FTC’s Mail, i-Internet, noma i-Fournance Order Ilage ifuna ukuba izinto eziyalelwe kuyi-intanethi zithunyelwe phakathi nesikhathi esishiwo (noma phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-30 uma kungekho sikhathi esinikeziwe). Unelungelo lokucisha futhi uthole i-refoundation uma into ingathunyelwa ngesikhathi. Izimpahla ze-FTCRC's , izinkonzo, i-software, i-software (ngo-Ester Livices Aults (EUL) ivame ukulinganiselwa ngezikhathi ezithiyo. Funda amagama ngokucophelela. Ngokuvamile awukwazi ukubuyisa umkhiqizo olayithwele uma uvuliwe kanye, kodwa ezinye izifunda “zingenisi lokubuya.”

Amalungelo Ezindlu

Ukuqonda amalungelo ezindlu kukusiza ukuba ugweme ukuxoshwa, ukufunwa kwempahla, nokulwa nobandlululo.

Izindlu Ezifanele

I-Fair Howar Honging Act (egunyazwe yi-HUD) inqabela ubandlululo ezindlini ezisekelwe ngokohlanga, ibala, imvelaphi yobuzwe, inkolo, ubulili (kuhlanganise indlela ehlangene nobulili nobulili), isimo sobulili, nokukhubazeka. Lomthetho usebenza kumninindlu, abanikazi bezindawo, ababolekisi bendlu, nababolekisi bendlu. Ukucwasa amafomu amaningi kungathatha izindlela eziningi: ukwenqaba ukuqasha, ukuphoqelela amagama ahlukene, ukuqondisa abantu ezindaweni ezithile, noma ukuhlukunyezwa. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi uye wacwaswa, ungafaka izindleko zeHFUD nemali. [FUD:2]

Ukuthola Ikhaya Elivamile

Ama-lowlord ayadingeka ngokomthetho ukulondoloza izakhiwo zokuqasha ezihambelanayo nezindinganiso zempilo eziyisisekelo kanye nokulondeka. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenza ngamapayipi, ukufudumeza, ugesi, amanzi ahambayo, nesakhiwo somsindo. Uma umnini-khaya ehluleka ukulungisa izinto ezidingekile, abaqashi ezifunda ezizweni eziningi banelungelo lokuzigcina “imali yokuqasha nededult” (ikhokhela izindleko zokuqasha intela), ukuvala intela (ukuyiqeda isilinganiso esithile), noma ukuvala imvume yokuqasha. Ngakho imithetho yoMbuso iyahluka, ngakho kubalulekile ukuhlola amalungiselelo ezindawo zakho zendawo. Njalo uma umezisa umnini-khaya ngokubhala ngenkinga futhi unikeze isikhathi esifanele sokuyilungisa.

Isivikelo Ekubukekeni

Eviction is a legal process that cannot happen without a court order. Landlords cannot lock you out, shut off utilities, or physically remove you. If you receive an eviction notice, you have the right to contest it in court. Grounds for eviction generally include nonpayment of rent, lease violation, or illegal activity on the premises. Many states require a written notice giving you a chance to cure the problem (e.g., pay rent within 3-14 days). Never ignore an eviction summons, as failing to appear can result in a default judgment. Legal aid organizations and tenant unions provide free or low-cost assistance.

Ilungelo Lokuba Wedwa

Ama-mond anelungelo lokuthula isosha kanye nemfihlo. Ama-Landlord ngokuvamile kumelwe anikeze isaziso esinengqondo (ngokuvamile amahora angama-24 kuya kwangama-48) ngaphambi kokuba angene enqoleni yokuqasha, ngaphandle kwalapho kuphuthuma. Akudingeki ukuba uvumele ukungena ngaphandle kwesaziso. Ungafaka futhi amathuluzi okuphepha alula njengezihluthulelo ze-ketanga noma amakhamera, uma nje ungawenzi umonakalo futhi uwasuse lapho uhamba (wenqanda).

Amalungelo Emfundo

Kusukela enkulisa kuze kube sekolishi, abafundi banamalungelo angokomthetho aqinisekisa ukutholakala, ukuba bodwa, nokuphepha okulinganayo.

Ilungelo Lemfundo Yomphakathi Ekhululekile Nefanele

Zonke izingane e-United States zinelungelo lemfundo yomphakathi yamahhala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zihlala kanjani. I-Aresomfore on Disease Education Act (IDEA) iqinisekisa izingane ezikhubazekileyo Imfundo kawonkewonke (FAPE) ne-Eniversated Education Program (IEP) evumelana nezidingo zazo. Ingxenye 504 ye-Rehabilitation Act ivikela abafundi ngokukhubazeka ekucalucalucani. Uma isikole sihluleka ukunikeza izinkonzo ezanele, abazali bangacela inqubo efanele yokulalela.

Isivikelo Ekucwaseni

Isihloko IX seSichibiyelo semfundo sango 1972 sinqabela ukucwaswa okusekelwe ebulilini kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lwemfundo oluthola izimali zikahulumeni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlukunyezwa ngokobulili, ukuhlaselwa, nokungaphathwa kahle kwezemidlalo, ukuvalelwa, nezindlu. Abafundi abanolwazi lwesihloko esithi IX - Arnonginy banelungelo lokubhala isikhalo nge-Office for Civil Rights (OCR) yoMnyango Wemfundo. Izikole kumelwe zibe nenqubo esheshayo nefanele yokukhala. Isivikelo se-IXX sikhululwe ukuhlanganisa i-transder ne-operary, ngokuqondisa koMnyango wezemfundo (izimiso zezemfundo).

Ubumfihlo Babafundi (FERPA)

IFamily Educational Act (FERPA) inikeza abazali (nabafundi abangaphezu kuka-18) ilungelo lokuhlola nokubukeza amarekhodi emfundo, ukucela nokulawula ukwaziswa okungaqondakali. Izikole kumelwe zithole imvume ebhaliwe ngaphambi kokukhipha amarekhodi amaningi. Izikole ezihlukile zikhona kubaphathi besikole abanenzuzo engokomthetho yemfundo, izimo eziphuthumayo zempilo nezokuvikela, kanye nezinjongo ezithile zokugcinwa komthetho.

ULoans Nomloleki Wamalungelo

Ababoleki bemali yomfundi banelungelo lokukhokha imali ebolekwayo kuhlanganise namalungiselelo okukhokha imali avumelanayo, ukuhoxa nokuthatha indiva, izinhlelo zokuthethelela (njengeNkonzo Yomphakathi Ithethelela), kanye nezivikelo ezimelene nemisebenzi yokuqoqa iminikelo enzima. Unelungelo lokuchaza amagama akho okukhokha abhaliwe futhi uphikise nganoma yiliphi iphutha. Imali yomfundi yomuntu siqu inezivikelo ezimbalwa, kodwa ababolekiyo basavikelwa imithetho yenkongozelo kahulumeni. Ngaso sonke isikhathi bathintana nenkonzo yakho yemali uma uzama ukukhokha imali ekhokhwanywayo ngonyanelh_ukukhokha ingenza imiphumela engathi sína.

Amalungelo Phakathi Nokuhlangana Kwamaphoyisa

Ukungenelana nokugcinwa komthetho kungaba yizinyathelo eziphakeme, futhi ukwazi amalungelo akho kungavikela ukuphepha kwakho okungokomzimba nokuma okungokomthetho. ACLU Yazi Amalungelo Akho[ ikhasi linikeza isiqondiso esiningiliziwe, kodwa nazi izinto ezibalulekile.

Ukufanelekela Ukuthula

Unelungelo leSichibiyelo sesihlanu lokungaphenduli imibuzo epholishini. Nakuba kufanele unike igama lakho uma ucelwa ukuba ume, unganqaba ukuphendula eminye imibuzo ngokusho ngokucacile: “Ngisebenzisa ilungelo lami lokuthula.” Noma yini ongayisho ingasetshenziswa kuwe enkantolo. Ungaqambi amanga emaphoyiseni,[ njengaleyo engaba icala elihlukile. Ukuthula akusho ukuthi unecala, futhi ngokuvamile kuyisu elilondekile elingokomthetho.

Ukuya Eshashalazini

Uma uboshiwe, unelungelo lokukhuluma nommeli ngaphambi kokuphendula imibuzo. Uma ungakwazi ukuthenga, umvikeli womphakathi uzomiswa. Amaphoyisa kumelwe akutshele ngaleli lungelo (isixwayiso sikaMiranda) ngaphambi kokukubuza imibuzo yelungelo lejaji. Uma bekubuza ngaphandle kokufunda amalungelo akho eMiranda, noma yiziphi izinkulumo ozenzayo zingacinywa. Ungacela ilungelo lakho kummeli ngokuthi: “Ngifuna ukukhuluma nommeli.” Uma nje ucela ummeli, amaphoyisa kumelwe ayeke ukubuza kuze kube yilapho ummeli ekhona.

Ilungelo Lokwazi Izikhokhwa

Uma uboshiwe, unelungelo lokutshelwa amacala akho. Lokhu kuvame ukukwenziwa phakathi nokubhalisa noma ekubonakaleni kwenkantolo yokuqala. Unelungelo lokuthola ikhophi yemvume yokubopha uma umuntu esetshenziswa.

Ukufuna Nezokusivikela

ISichibiyelo sesine sikuvikela ekuphenyeni okungacabangeli nasekuqubukeni. Amaphoyisa ngokuvamile adinga imvume noma isizathu esingase sifunyaniswe ekhaya lakho, imoto, noma umuntu. Ungakwenqaba ukuseshwa ngokuzithandela ngokusho ngokucacile: “Angivumi ukusesha.” Nokho, amaphoyisa angase afune uma kunesizathu esingaba khona (umz., abona noma anukayo aphunyuke). Uma uboshwa, amaphoyisa angakuphenya futhi afune indawo elawulwa ngokushesha noma ubufakazi. I-conv awend awenziwa uma kukhona ukuboshwa okungokomthetho, kodwa usengaqinisekisa amalungelo akho.

Ukuqopha Amaphoyisa

Ezifundazweni eziningi, unelungelo lokuqopha ukusebenzelana kwamaphoyisa emphakathini, uma nje ungaphazamisi imisebenzi yawo ngokomzimba. Ezinye izifundazwe zidinga ukuvunyelwa wonke amaqembu ekuqoshweni kwemiqophiso yemisindo, “‘ hlola umthetho wezwe lakho. Izinkantolo ngokuvamile ziye zasekela iSichibiyelo Sokuqala ukuba amaphoyisa enze imisebenzi engokomthetho. Uma uqopha, yenza kanjalo ngokuphephile futhi ungavimbeli.

Amalungelo Okunakekela Impilo

Amalungelo akho njengesiguli avikela amathuba akho ezindaba zomuntu siqu, ikhono lakho lokwenza izinqumo onolwazi, nokuthola kwakho ukunakekelwa. imithetho yezempilo iyahlukahluka kakhulu phakathi kwezifundazwe, kodwa izindinganiso zikahulumeni zinikeza isisekelo.

IHIPAA Nokutholakala Kwayo

I-Heal Inshorensisment Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) ikunika amalungelo ngaphezu kwamarekhodi akho ezokwelapha, kuhlanganise nelungelo lokuthola amakhophi, ukucela iziluleko, futhi wazi oye wathola ukwaziswa kwakho. Abagcini bezempilo nezikhankasi kumele bavikele imfihlo yokwaziswa kwempilo yakho. Ungafaka isikhalo ne-Office for Civil Rights uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho e-HIPAA aphulwa.

Ukuvuma Okunolwazi

Phambi kwanoma yiyiphi indlela yokwelapha, unelungelo lokwaziswa okugcwele ngezingozi, izinzuzo, kanye nezinye izindlela. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi imvume enikezwa ngolwazi. Uma unganikezwa ukwaziswa okwanele ukuba wenze ukukhetha kokuzithandela ngempela, futhi uhlupheke, ungase ube nezizathu zokusho ukuthi usebenza kabi kwezokwelapha. Ukuvuma kumelwe kunikezwe ngaphandle kokucindezela noma ukuphoqelelwa.

Ukunakekela Okuphuthumayo

I-Emergency Medical Atchapment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) idinga iminyango yesimo esiphuthumayo esibhedlela ukuze inikeze noma ubani ozofuna ukunakekelwa kokwelashwa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyakwazi ukukhokhela noma umshuwalense. Lokhu kuyikhathazo elibalulekile. Uma isiguli sesiqinile, isibhedlela singaxoxa ngenkokhelo nokuthuthwa.

Ukufaniswa Kwengqondo Nempilo

I-Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act idinga ukuba amasu eqembu empilo (kakhulukazi kubaqashi abanezisebenzi ezingama - 50+) anikeze impilo engokwengqondo nezidakamizwa izinzuzo ezilingana nezinzuzo zezokwelapha/zokuhlinza. Lokhu kusebenza ekulapheni, ekukhokheleni izindleko, nasekuhlanganiseni izinhlelo zezokuxhumana.

Ukuzihlukanisa Kwabantu Ngezinombolo Namalungelo Okusebenzisa I - Internet

I - Internet iye yasungula izici ezintsha zokuvikelwa ngokomthetho. amalungelo akho kuyi - Internet ahilela ukuzifihla, ukulondeka kokwaziswa nenkululeko yokukhuluma, nakuba umthetho usalokhu ushintsha.

Isivikelo Semininingwane Nokulondeka

Izifundazwe eziningi zinemithetho yokwaziswa edinga izinkampani ukukwazisa uma ukwaziswa kwakho siqu kusekhona. Ezinye izifundazwe, njenge California (CPA/CPRA), Virginia (VCDPA), ne Colorado (CPA), zinikeza izakhamuzi amalungelo okwazi ukuthi yimuphi umniningo oqoqiwe, i-mniningo ecimayo, futhi zikhetha ukuthengiswa kokwaziswa. Lemithetho ingukuthambekela okukhulayo. Unelungelo lokuthatha izinyathelo ezinengqondo zokuvikela ukwaziswa kwakho, kuhlanganise nokusebenzisa isiqinisekiso samaprotheni amabili nokugwema ukudayisa imithombo yezokuxhumana.

Imithombo Yezindaba Nenkululeko Yokukhuluma

Izindawo zomphakathi womphakathi womphakathi azizona iziteshi zikahulumeni, ngakho ngokuvamile aziboshelwa iSichibiyelo Sokuqala. Zingamisa ezazo izimfuneko zenkonzo (kuhlanganise nokulinganisela okungaphakathi). Nokho, izigqebhezana zakho zisavikelekile ekucushweni kukahulumeni. Unamalungelo ngaphansi komthetho wobumgunyazi: unakho lokho okwenzayo, kodwa uthumela epulatifomu imvume yokusebenzisa leyo nto. Funda amagama ngokucophelela.

Ukukhuluma Nokuhlukunyezwa Nge - Cybers

Uma uhlaselwa nge - Internet, ungathola ukuthi uhlaselwa yi - Internet, uqinelwa noma usongelwa.

Ilungelo Lokulikhohlwa

Nakuba i-United States ingenalo “ilungelo elibanzi lokulibaleka” (njengase-Europe), eminye imibuso ivumela abantu ukuba bacele ukususwa kokwaziswa okuthile ezinjinini zokuseshwa noma kumawebhusayithi, ikakhulukazi emacaleni ezigebengu ezilahliwe noma ezithombe ezingcolile zobulili eziphindiselayo. Lendawo ishintsha ngokushesha.

Amalungelo Omkhaya Nasekhaya

Umthetho womkhaya uhlanganisa ubuhlobo, umshado, isehlukaniso, izingane, nobudlova basekhaya.

Umshado Nobuhlobo Basekhaya

Umshado uyisibopho esingokomthetho samalungelo ahlobene nempahla, ifa, ukwenza izinqumo zezempilo, nentela. Umshado olinganayo unelungelo lomthetho-mthetho (Obergefell v. Hodges, 2015). Ubuhlobo basekhaya kanye nokuhlangana komphakathi kukhona kwezinye izizwe, kunikeza amalungelo afanayo kodwa kunezinzuzo ezimbalwa zikahulumeni.

Isehlukaniso Nokuhlukana Kwempahla

Umbuso ngamunye unemithetho elawula isehlukaniso, kuhlanganise nezizathu (ezingabekwanga phutha v. iphutha) kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwempahla. Izindawo zomphakathi (njenge California ne Texas) zihlukanisa impahla yomshado 50/50; ukwabiwa okulinganayo kwamazwe ahlukanisa izinto ngokulinganayo kodwa hhayi ngokulinganayo. Ukusekela okuzimele kunqunywa ngokusekelwe esidingweni, ubude bomshado, kanye nokuthola isikhundla. Unelungelo lokuhlala ngokufanele futhi kufanele uthintane nommeli

Ukuwinwa Kwezingane Nokusekelwa Kwazo

Izinqumo zokutholwa ziqondiswa “zinzuzo ezingcono kakhulu zengane.” Izici zihlanganisa izibopho ezingokomzwelo, ukuzinza, ikhono lobuzali, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuzikhethela komntwana. Bobabili abazali banelungelo lokuvakasha ngaphandle kokuba kunobufakazi bokuxhashazwa noma ukunganakwa. Ukusekela kwezingane kulinganiswa ngeziqondiso zikahulumeni ezisekelwe emalini, esikhathini sokukhulisa izingane, nezindleko. Unelungelo lokufuna ukugcinwa kwemithetho yokusekela izingane.

Izivikelo Zobudlova Basekhaya

Izisulu zobudlova basekhaya zingathola iziqondiso ezivikelayo (iziyalezo zokuvimbela) ezivimbela umxhaphazi ukuba athintane nazo noma asondele kuzo. Ukuphula umyalo kungaholela ekuboshweni. i-Shelter, iziphephetha, nezinhlangano zosizo ezingokomthetho zinikeza ukusekela. Izimali zemali ezithi Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) lezi zinkonzo futhi zinikeza isivikelo ezisulu ezisemsebenzini nasemsebenzini.

Isiphetho

Amalungelo angokomthetho akuwona awezinto ezingaqondakali − amathuluzi asebenzayo alawula konke ukusebenzelana kwakho ekuphileni kwakho kwansuku zonke. Kusukela ekwazini ukuthi isikhathi esengeziwe sibangelwa yini ukuqonda ukuthi ungalwa kanjani nomkhiqizo okhubazekile, kusukela ekuqinisekiseni amalungelo akho phakathi nokumisa amaphoyisa ukuze uvikele ulwazi lwakho lwempilo, ukuqaphela kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuthola amandla. Umthetho uyashintsha, futhi ubheke izindaba ezingathi sína. Uma ubhekene nempikiswano engokomthetho, funa iseluleko njalo kummeli ofanelekayo noma inhlangano enosizo olusemthethweni. Ngokuhlala uzazile, ungabheka ukuphila ngethemba futhi ugcine abanye benecala emisebenzini yabo engokomthetho.