Imfundo iyilungelo eliyisisekelo elilawula ikusasa lezingane zethu nomphakathi wonke. Nokho izinga lemfundo etholwayo lihlobene kakhulu nendlela ohulumeni abayixhasa ngayo. Kubazali nabafundisi, ukuqonda ukuhlelwa kwemfundo ngokwezimali (apho imali ivela khona, indlela esakazwa ngayo, futhi kungani kukhona ubandlululo oluyisiteshi lokuqala ekusekeleni imithombo engcono namathuba. Lesi sihloko siveza ukuhlobana phakathi kwemali kahulumeni nemfundo yengane yakho, sihlola izici ezidala ukungalingani, futhi sinikeza amasu aqinisekile okuqinisekisa ukuthi umfundi ngamunye uyakwazi ukufinyelela impumelelo ekwakheni.

Ukuqonda Imithombo Yomnikelo Kahulumeni Wemfundo

Izikole zomphakathi e-United States zithembele esimisweni sezimali esinezintathu: uhulumeni, umbuso, nemithombo yendawo. Izinga ngalinye lifeza indima ehlukile, futhi ukulinganisela kwazo kungahluka kakhulu ngokwesifundazwe nasesifundeni ngasinye. Ukwazi ukuthi lemifula exhasa imali isebenza kanjani kubalulekile ukuze kuqashelwe ukuthi kungani ezinye izikole zichuma kuyilapho ezinye zilwa.

Ukuxhasa Ngezimali: Isihloko Mina Nemfundo Ekhethekile

Ama-dollar alinganayo akha cishe u-8-10% wengqikithi yemfundo echithwa e-K-102 e-U.S., kodwa ithonya lawo lizwakala ngokungenakulinganiswa ezifundeni eziphezulu. Uhlelo olukhulu kakhulu lukahulumeni yisihloko I se-Pletary and Secondary Education Act, enikeza izimali ezengeziwe ezikoleni ezisiza imindeni engenisa imali ephansi. Imali yami ihloselwe ukuthuthukisa insimu yokudlala ngokusekela othisha abengeziwe, uthisha, ubuchwepheshe, nezinhlelo zasekuqaleni kwezingane.

Omunye umthombo obalulekile kahulumeni i-Assoms With Diculture Education Act (IDEA), esiza ekukhokheleni izindleko ezengeziwe zokufundisa abafundi abanezidingo ezikhethekile. Nakuba uhulumeni wathembisa ekuqaleni ukukhokha amaphesenti angu-40 ezindleko zemfundo ekhethekile, akakaze ahlangabezane naleyonto, abeka umthwalo onzima kuhulumeni nemali yendawo. Ukuqonda lezi zibopho zikahulumeni kusiza abazali ukuba babone ukuthi nakuba iWashington ifeza indima yayo, ikude kakhulu kumxhasi wezimali.

Ukuxhasa KoMbuso: Izinhlelo Eziyisisekelo Zokusiza Nezokwenezela

Izwe lingumthombo omkhulu kakhulu wezimali zemfundo, ngokuvamile linikela nge-45-50% yemali egcwele. Izifundazwe eziningi zisebenzisa isisekelo: zibala isisekelo senani elidingekayo “kwemfundo” bese zisusa intela yendawo ezingayiphakamisa. Isifunda sigcwalisa igebe elingu-(okanye sinikeza usizo olulinganayo) ukuze izifunda-indawo ezimpofu zinikeze izisekelo ezifanayo kwabacebile. Nokho, ukuhlelwa kwalezi zinqubo kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. Amanye amazwe afaka iminikelo yendawo, kuyilapho amanye evumela izifundazwe ezicebile ukuba zinyuse isilinganiso esingaphezulu kakhulu kwesisekelo, ziveza amagebe amagebe amade.

Izifunda eziningi futhi zinezinhlelo ezinqumayo zezinjongo ezithile − imfundo enikezwayo, umsebenzi nemfundo yezobuchwepheshe, abafundi bolimi lwesiNgisi, noma izinhlelo zezingane ezisencane — ngamunye onesimiso sakhe sokusekela imali. Ukuyinkimbinkimbi kwezimiso zikahulumeni zokusekela imali kukwenza kube nzima kubazali ukwazi ukuthi isikole sengane yabo samukela kangakanani nokuthi kungani.

Ukukhokha Izimali Endaweni: Intela Yempahla Nezindlela Zokubopha Iziboshwa

Imali yendawo ivela ezintelani zempahla [1] Ngokuyinhloko ekhokha ezinye ezingu-45% noma ngaphezulu kwemali yesikole. Yilapho kuvela khona ukungalingani okukhulu kakhulu. Ezifundeni lapho izakhiwo ziphakeme khona, izinga elilinganiselwe lentela ingaveza amashumi ezinkulungwane zamaRandi umfundi ngamunye. Ezifundeni eziphansi zezwe, ngisho nezinga eliphakeme lentela ingaveza ingxenye encane yaleyo mali. Ngenxa yokuthi imfuyo nentela kuxhunyiwe entengisweni, izikole emadolobheni amadolobha acebile zinganyusa imali etholakalayo ezindaweni zasemaphandleni noma emadolobheni aphakathi.

Ngaphandle kwemali esetshenziswa minyaka yonke, abavoti bendawo bangase bavumele ukukhokha izivumelwano zokwakha, ukuvuselela noma ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe. Izigodi ezicebile zingadlulisa izibopho ezinkulu, kuyilapho izifunda ezimpofu zishikashikeka ukuze zithole ngisho nentuthuko eyisisekelo, zandisa igebe lezakhiwo.

Indlela Ukuxhasa Amafomu Okuxhasa Okudala Umehluko

Ngisho noma amasu kahulumeni eklanyelwe ukuba “alingana,” izikhala nokuhlehla kwezombangazwe kuvame ukuqhubekisela phambili ukungalungi. Umphumela uwukusetshenziswa okumbaxambili okungahluka ngezinkulungwane zamadollar umfundi ngamunye phakathi kwezigodi ezingomakhelwane qha qqwé ukuthi kuthinta izimo zasekilasini ngokuqondile.

Inkinga Yentela Yempahla

Ngenxa yokuthi intela yendawo iwumthombo wenzuzo oyinhloko, ingcebo yomphakathi ilolonga ngokuqondile izinga lezikole zayo zomphakathi. Ukuhlola kuka-Edbing ngo-2021 kwathola ukuthi amazwe amaningi avumela izifunda ezicebile ukuba zigcine futhi zichithe yonke intela yendawo ngaphezu kwesilinganiso sesisekelo, inzuzo ephumelelayo. Ngokungafani, izifunda eziphansi zemali ephansi zezemali, futhi zivame ukuphakela abafundi abanombala omningi kakhulu. /accan]

Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zathatha izinqubo zokuphinde zithole imali eningi kakhulu yendawo (ebizwa ngokuthi i- “Robin Hood”) futhi ziyisakazelelwa ezifundeni ezimpofu. Nokho, lezi zinqubo ziphikisana kwezombangazwe futhi zivame ukubhekana nezinselele ezingokomthetho. Umphumela uwukuthi abafundi abaningi bafunda izikole ezihlala zingenamali etheni noma ezithengwa kakhulu, kuye nge-zip ezenzeka.

Izifanekiso Zabafundi Ezinesisindo Esikhulu

Ngenxa yokungaguquguquki okuphikelelayo, inani elandayo lezifundazwe nezifunda liye lamukela izimali zabafundi ezisindayo. Ngaphansi kwe-WSF, amadollar alandela ingane ngayinye esikoleni, futhi awenezelwa ngenxa yezici ezinjengobumpofu, ikhono lesiNgisi, izidingo ezikhethekile, nezinga lebanga lebanga lemfundo. Umgomo ukunikeza izikole ezinabafundi abadinga imali eningi ukusingatha lezo zinselele. Abaxhasi baphikisa ukuthi i-WSF ingumphathi okhanyayo futhi icace kakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ilandisa okucacile okudinga abafundi. Abagxeki baxwayisa ukuthi ngaphandle kokwengameleli ngokwanele, izimali zingachezukiswa ezikoleni zesikole noma izikole ezincane ezikhonza imiphakathi eswele kakhulu izindleko ezihleliwe.

Umphumela Wezimali Ezivela Kubafundi

Amashumi eminyaka okucwaninga − kuhlanganise nokuhlolwa kwezezomnotho kweSikolo seMali yezezimali zezwe njengo-Juliana Lafortune noJesse Rothstein − kuboniswa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwemali eningi kuholela emiphumeleni engcono, ikakhulukazi kubafundi abahlawulwa kakhulu. Izimali eziphezulu ziguqulela ezingeni elincane, amaholo aphakeme othisha, abafundisi abanolwazi, izinto ezithuthukisiwe, neminikelo engcono kakhulu. Ngezansi kunezindawo lapho amazinga ezimali enza khona umehluko ongaba khona.

Ukuba Nolwazi Oluhle Nokuzimisela Kothisha

Imali yothisha iyizindleko ezinkulu kakhulu kunoma yiziphi izikhwama zesikole. Imali ekhokhelwayo ekhokhelwayo iheha abantu abanekhono emsebenzini futhi igcina othisha abanolwazi behamba baye ezifundeni ezikhokhelwa kakhulu noma emsebenzini. Izikole ezikhokhelwayo zivame ukuzikhandla ukuze ziqashe othisha abancomekayo, ikakhulukazi emasimini aphakeme njengezibalo, isayensi, nemfundo ekhethekile. Ukukhokha izimali kuphazamisa abafundi abafundile ukufunda nokuphoqelela ukuba basebenzise izimali ezingeni eliyigugu lokuthola inzuzo nokuqeqeshwa. Uma uhlelo lwemali lungasetshenziswa ngokwanele, izikole zingatshala intuthuko yobuchwepheshe, uthisha, kanye nebhonasi ekwakhela amandla aqinile, aphakeme okufundisa.

Isayizi yesigaba kanye neMivubukulo

Iholo lokuxhasa ngemali lithinta ngokuqondile izilinganiso zabafundi kubafundisi. Ukucwaninga kuthola ukuthi amakilasi amancane, ikakhulukazi emakilasini angaphambili, aholela ekuhloleni amanani aphezulu, izinga lokuthweswa iziqu, nokukhula okunamandla okuthuthukisa indlela ezenhlalo. Ngokuphambene, izikole ezishintshwayo zivame ukuminyanisa abafundi emakilasini amakhulu, ukulinganisela ukunaka komuntu ngamunye nokunciphisa isithembiso somshado. Ukuxhasa kuveza ukuthi amakilasi anezincwadi ezisebenzayo, imishini yokucwaninga, nemisebenzi yobuciko. Ukuntula izinto eziyisisekelo kungavimbela ukufundiswa nokukhubazeka kothisha nabafundi.

Izifundo Zesikole Nezinkonzo Zokusekela

Ngaphandle kwemfundo, ukuxhasa ngemali kuhlela ububanzi beminikelo yesikole. Izikole ezithakazelelwa kahle zingasekela izinhlelo eziqinile zomdlalo, umculo nobuciko, ama-albudi, nangemva kwesikole. Lemisebenzi ibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amakhono athambile, ukuthuthukisa umuzwa wokuba phakathi, nokugcina abafundi bebodwa. Izikole ezikhokhelwayo ngokuvamile kufanele zinqume lezi zinhlelo, ezingaholela ekuncipheni amazinga aphakeme namathuba amancane abafundi ukuba bahlole izithakazelo zabo namakhono abo. Ngokufanayo, basekele izinkonzo ezinjengezeluleki zesikole, izazi zezengqondo, izisebenzi zezenhlalo, nabahlengikazi abaqalayo ukususwa lapho kusetshenziswa imali eqinile, kodwa zibalulekile ekuqondiseni izidingo zengqondo, izinkinga zomkhaya, nezinye izithiyo eziphazamisa ukufunda.

Ukusekela Ukuxhasa Ukuxhasa Okulinganayo: Isiqondiso Somzali

Abazali namalungu omphakathi bangashintsha kakhulu lapho kuziwa ekuxhaseni isikole.

Ukuqonda Imali Yesikole Sakho

Qala ngokuthola umfanekiso ocacile wendlela isikole sakho nesifunda esixhaswa ngayo. Amabhodi amaningi esikole anyathelisa izimali zaminyaka yonke, futhi iminyango yemfundo kahulumeni ivame ukunikeza amabhodi e-internet abonisa ukusetshenziswa kwemali ngayinye, imithombo yemali, nokuhlelwa kwenani lemali. Bheka ukwaziswa ngokuthi isifunda sakho sithola malini ezintela zempahla yendawo noma kusizo lukahulumeni. Qonda noma yiziphi iziphakamiso zikahulumeni (umz., i-Isihloko I, i-IDEA) nendlela ezisetshenziswa ngayo. Ukuqonda izinombolo yisisekelo sokwenza ushintsho oluthembekile.

Ukuhlanganyela Nezibhodi Zesikole Nabeluleki Bemithetho

Imihlangano yesikole iyizinkundla zomphakathi lapho abazali bengathiwa khona ngemali ebaluleke kakhulu. Lungisa amazwi amafushane, akhutshazweyo ngezidingo zesikole sengane yakho nendlela ukuxhasa ngemali okuthinta ngayo imfundo. Buza imibuzo eqondile: “Kungani amakilasi asesikoleni sethu sabaqalayo angamashumi amathathu abafundi lapho uhulumeni etusa ukuba banciphise izinkonzo?” Ukuya ezindlebeni zikahulumeni zemfundo futhi ubhale noma ubize ummeleli wakho wezwe noma umsizi we-senetary. Izindaba zobuntu zinamandla okuthintinye izindleko zemali zabantwana bakho.

Abameli bathambekele kakhulu ekusabeleni uma abameleli bephakamisa impikiswano ngokungaguquguquki. Iqembu elihlangene nezinhlangano zabafundisi-bafundisi kanye namaqembu ombuso wezindawo ukuze bandise izwi lakho. Izifundazwe eziningi zinemifelandawonye efana ne “Imali Enganqamukiyo ye-Alliance” enikeza amaphuzu okuxoxa, ukucwaninga, nemikhankaso ehlelanayo.

Ukwakha Izindawo Zokwakha Nokwaziswa Okusetshenziswayo

Akukho mzali oyedwa ongaguqula indlela yokuxhasa ngemali kuphela. Yenza noma joyina umfelandawonye wabazali, othisha, abaphathi, nabaholi bomphakathi abanikezelwe ekuxhaseni i-ecty. Sebenzisa ukwaziswa okutholakalayo obala okuvela ezinhlanganweni ezinjenge iKhomishaniso yase-United States noma i-Schoolting Fairness[ ukuqhathanisa ukusetshenziswa kwesifunda sesifunda senu nezifunda ezifanayo. Okukhona emihlanganweni yesikole, ephahlweni, nasemihlanganweni. Idathano ingaveza izindlela ezingabonakali ngandlela impela njengegebengu $5] phakathi komfundi wezwe lakho nomakhelwane.

Indima Yokusekela Umphakathi Nokusekela Kwawo Ngasese

Nakuba ukusekela imali yomphakathi kuwumgogodla wezimali zesikole, ukuhileleka komphakathi kunganezela futhi kuthuthukise amathuba emfundo. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusekela komuntu siqu akunakuthatha indawo yokusekela uhulumeni okungalinganiyo, futhi akufanele kuthathe indawo yokuxhasa ngemali okungalinganiyo, okungamane nje kuxazulule izikhala zesikhashana.

Imikhumbi Esebenza Nayo

Amabhizinisi endawo angaxhasa izinhlelo zesikole, imishini yokunikela, ukulungiselela imikhumbi, noma izibonelelo zezimali zothisha. Ezinye izigodi ziye zasungula “izinhlelo ezifundisayo” lapho izinkampani zinikela khona ngokwezimali noma ngendlela ehlukile. Lokhu kubambisana kufanele kube okusobala futhi kugxile ezidingweni zabafundi, hhayi ekukhangiseni kwezentengiselwano. Izikole kufanele futhi ziqaphele ukuncika kakhulu eminikelweni yezezimali, ngoba zingaba nenzuzo engekho nokwethenjelwa futhi zingasusa ekushintsheni kwezezimali ezisekweletini.

Izimpahla Eziyisisekelo

Izisekelo eziningi ezizimele zinikeza izikole zomphakathi izivumelwano ezithile eziqondile zokwenza izinhlelo zobuciko, ukuhlanganisa, izinkonzo zempilo yengqondo, noma imisebenzi yokubhala. Izikole ezinamandla okubhala izimali zingaletha imithombo eyengeziwe, kodwa izifunda ezicebile ngokuvamile zinezisebenzi ezizinikezele ukuze ziphishekele lamathuba, kuyilapho izikole ezingase ziqediwe zingantula isikhathi noma ulwazi. Abazali bangasiza ngokunikeza imvume ehambisana nezidingo zesikole kanye nokuzinikela ekusizeni ngezicelo.

Izinhlelo Zokuzithandela

Izisebenzi zokuzithandela ezinganikeza ukusekela okuwusizo − ukufunda nabafundi abasebasha, ukufundisa izibalo, ukufundisa izikole zasemabangeni aphakeme, noma ukusiza emaqenjini angemva kwesikole. Lemizamo icebisa indawo yokufunda ngaphandle kwezindleko eziqondile esikoleni. Kodwa izisebenzi zokuzithandela azinakukwazi ukuthatha indawo yothisha abakhokhelwayo, abeluleki, noma izisebenzi ezisekelayo. Kubalulekile ukusekela izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe kuyilapho ziqoqa isikhathi nesiphiwo somphakathi lapho zingasiza khona kakhulu.

Amakhambi Ezimiso Zekusasa Elingcono

Ushintsho oluhlala njalo ludinga izinguquko zokwakha emazingeni kahulumeni nohulumeni. Nazi ezinye zeziyalezo ezithembisa kakhulu.

Izinguquko Ezisemqoka Kahulumeni

I-odoli ingasebenzisa izindlela zokuxhasa eziqhubekayo ezisiza izigodi ezinezidingo ezinkulu zomfundi. Ukusekela imali eshisiwe ngabafundi ngesiteshi esiphansi kuyindlela eyodwa. Enye iwukususa umthombo wenzuzo yemfundo ezinkokhisweni zendawo ekhokhayo zempahla ukuze inyuse intela yemali ekhona noma ukuthengwa kwentela, eziye zasakazwa ngokulinganayo. Ezinye izifunda ziye zadlulisela futhi izinguquko ezingokomthetho-mthetho ezidinga “ukuxhasa isikole” kanye “nokungakhokhiswa kwemali, okuye kwabangela izinguquko ezinkulu. Ngokwesibonelo, [[FLT:] i-landlandsmark New Jersey Accottpt [ izinqumo eziye ekusekeleni izimali ezinkulu zezifunda zasemadolobheni, kanye nenzuzo yabafundi ezingeni.

Izinyathelo Zokusetshenziswa Kwesimiso Sikahulumeni

Kulelozinga likahulumeni, abameleli baye bagqugquzela ukwandisa iSihloko I esabiwe ukuxhasa ngokugcwele uhlelo emazingeni agunyaziwe, ukumisa imfuneko yokulungisa i-effort yombuso ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusika usizo lwezifunda zikahulumeni lapho kunyuka amadollar, kanye nokusekela kokusungulwa okusha okungokwesivumelwano okungokwezimvume njenge Schol Reconfiction Grants[. Omunye umqondo wokuzuza i-trakiti eyi-trakiti eyi-sikhawunti eyi-sene yokwenezela ekusekeleni izifunda eziphezulu ze-Medicaid, ezifanekiswe ngeminyango yezepolitiki.

Umthwalo Wemfanelo Weyokuxhasa Imfundo

Imali kahulumeni ayiyona inzuzo yokusebenzisa imali engalawuleki .Izinqumo ezenziwa kuma-capitol omphakathi, amagumbi esikole endawo, nezinhlangano zikahulumeni zihlela ngokuqondile izinga lothisha bengane yakho, ubukhulu bamakilasi, izinto ezisemadeskini abo, kanye namathuba atholakalayo. Abazali, abafundisi, namalungu omphakathi kumelwe baqonde ngokujulile ukuxhumana uma befuna ukukhuthaza ngokuphumelelayo. Ngokuhlala benolwazi, besebenzisa imininingwane, nokufukuza kwemali, singaya esimisweni lapho bonke abantwana be-zi-zi ne-zinsika, singaya khona lapho bonke abantwana bengasenamathuba okutholakalayo. Ikusasa lezingane zethu, nelentando yethu yentando yeningi, lixhomeke khona.