Inselele Ekhulayo Yokwaziswa Okuningi

Kulenkathi yanamuhla yezibalo, abantu bahlangana nokwaziswa okuningi ngosuku olulodwa kunezizukulwane ezidlule ezahlangana ngonyaka. Lokhu kulandelana okuqhubekayo kokwaziswa, kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kwezokuxhumana nasemithonjeni yezindaba kuqasheliswe izigqebhezana ze-methods kanye nokutusa kwamavidiyo, kudala indida: ukwaziswa okuningi akuholeli ekuqondeni kangcono. Kunalokho, umqulu nje ukwenza kube nzima ukuhlukanisa amaqiniso anokwethenjelwa ezimpikiswaneni ezikhohlisayo. Ikhono lokuhlola ulwazi ngokuhlupha akuselona ikhono lokunezela; kuyinselele yanoma ubani ofuna ukuhlanganyela ngokunenjongo emphakathini.

Ukungaqondi kahle kwe-information kusakazeka ngokushesha kunanini ngaphambili, ngokuvamile kudlula imizamo yokuyilungisa. Indaba engamanga ifinyelela abantu abaningi futhi ihambe kakhulu kuneqiniso cishe kuzo zonke izigaba zokwaziswa. Lokhu kubeka umthwalo kubantu ukuze babe nemikhuba eqinile. Ngaphandle kwalemikhuba, izakhamuzi zisengozini yokwenza izinqumo ezisekelwe ekwazisweni okungaphelele noma okusontekile, ukuthi lezo zinqumo zihilela ukukhetha impilo, ukutshala imali, noma izikhundla zezombangazwe. Ukuhlola kusuka kuPew Research Center[ kubonisa ukuthi ingxenye ephawulekayo yemizabalazo yomphakathi ukuze zihlukanise ulwazi olungcono, kugcizelela isidingo esiphuthumayo sokufunda ulwazi olungcono.

Ukuqonda Ukufunda

Okwenza Ukwazi Ukufunda Nokubhala Kubaluleke Kunanini ngaphambili

Ukukwazi ukufunda ulwazi kuyikhono lokuqaphela lapho ukwaziswa kudingekile futhi kuthola, kuhlola, futhi kusebenzise lokho kwaziswa ngokuphumelelayo. Kudinga ukubuza okuyisisekelo, ukuqiniseka, nokuqonda umongo. Endaweni lapho umuntu engasakaza noma yini ngokungaqondi kahle, ukufunda ulwazi kuba yisivikelo esiyinhloko ekusebenziseni ubuqili nephutha.

Izingozi ziphakeme. Empilweni, ukukholelwa ukuthi ulwazi olungeyilo lungaholela ekuzilapheni noma ekugonyeni okuyingozi. Emalini, ukwenza izinto ezimbi kungabangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu ngokwezimali. Emphakathini womphakathi, ukudukiswa kokwaziswa kungaqeda ukuthemba ezikhungweni zentando yeningi nezindawo ezihlukene. Izakhamuzi ezifundile zikwazi kangcono ukukwazi ukusingatha lezi zinselele ngoba zisondela entweni ezikuqukethe ngokubuza ukuthi ziyini. Azamukelanga izimfuno eziphambili; zimba ngokujule, zibuze ukuthi ubani owadala okuqukethwe yikho kanye nokuthi kungani zikhona, futhi zihlole ukuthi zisekela yini ubufakazi.

Izingxenye Zolwazi

Ulwazi lokufunda lusekelwe ekuncintisaneni okuningi okuhlangene. Okokuqala ikhono lokuchaza ubukhulu besidingo sokwaziswa. Ngaphambi kokuhlola, umhloli onolwazi ucacisa lokho abakufunayo nokuthi kungani. Okwesibili kulandela ukuphenya, okudinga ukwazi ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani i-metabase, izinjini zokuphenya, namanye amathuluzi ngokuphumelelayo. Okwesithathu, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu kule ngxoxo, ukuhlola, ukunquma ukuthi umthombo uyathembeka, unembile, futhi ufanelekela umsebenzi ohlongowo. Okwesine kuwukusetshenziswa kolwazi, okuhlanganisa ukusekela nokuhlonipha impahla ehlakaniphile. Okokugcina, ulwazi luhlanganisa ikhono lokuxhumana nabanye ngokucacile.

Lezi zimo zomncintiswano azizikho ezisendaweni. Ziyashintsha njengoba ushintsho lobuchwepheshe luvela nanjengoba kuvela izinhlobo ezintsha zemithombo yezindaba. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlola ividiyo i-Tik Tok kudinga izindlela ezihlukene kunokuhlola isihloko sephephabhuku elibukelwe ontanga. Imfundo yolwazi nokufunda kumelwe ijwayelane nalokhu kushintsha, isiza abafundi ukuba basebenzise izimiso ezingaphelelwa yisikhathi ezihlelweni eziningi.

Ukwakha Isakhiwo Semithombo Engcolisayo

Ukuhlolwa Kwe - CRAAP

Olunye uhlelo olusetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhloleni i-CRAAP ukuhlolwa kwe-CRAP, isikhombi esimelela i-Range, Relevance, i-Authority, i-Literacy, nenjongo. Lendlela ehlelwe kahle isiza abahloli ukuba bahlole umsuka ngamunye ngokuhleleka. Imali ibuza: lokhu kwaziswa kwanyatheliswa nini noma kokugcina? uRelevance uyabuza: ingabe lokhu kwaziswa kuphendula ngokuqondile umbuzo okhona? Igunya liyabuza: ngubani umlobi noma ummemezeli, futhi yini? Iyiphi incazelo esekelwe ngobufakazi nakanjani?

Ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa kweCRAAP kunoma isiphi isici se-CRAAP kunikeza isisekelo esiqinile sokuhlola. Ngokwesibonelo, uma uthola isiqinisekiso sezempilo kwimithombo yezindaba zomphakathi, ungahlola ngokushesha imali ngokuhlola usuku lwencwadi, okusiza ngokucabangela ukuthi isaziso siyasebenza kusini na, igunya ngokuhlola isizinda seposi, ukunemba ngokuhlukanisa ngemitapo yezokwelapha, futhi injongo ngokuqaphela ukuthi iposi lizama yini ukuthengisa umkhiqizo noma ukuthuthukisa uhlelo oluthile. [[FLT: 0] iCRAAP yasungulwa eCalifornia State University, Chico futhi ihlala iphuzu elisebenzayo lokuqala ukudayisa abafundi kuzo zonke izilinganiso.

Ngalé Kokuvivinywa Kwe - RAAP

Nakuba ukuhlola kwe-CRAAP kuwusizo, kunemingcele. Kuyikho ekuqaleni okuklanyelwe ukusekela kwezemfundo futhi kungase kungabhekisi ngokugcwele endaweni esheshayo, ethanda i-algorith-drive ye-mediam yezomphakathi wanamuhla. Abahloli abadlele phambili banezela ukuhlolwa kwe-CRAAP ngamasu engeziwe. Elinye lamacebo anjalo liwukucwaninga ukuxhasa kwemali nokuba khona komthombo. Indabuko yenhlangano enezithakazelo ezithile zezombangazwe ingaveza ukwaziswa ngendlela ehloniphekile, ngisho noma izihloko ezithile zihlangabezana nezindinganiso eziyisisekelo zokunemba.

Okunye ukuhlola okuphambili ukusetshenziswa kobufakazi ngaphakathi emthonjeni ngokwawo. Isihloko esithembekile asigcini nje ngokusho; sinikeza imikhonzo, ukuxhumana nemithombo eyinhloko, noma izikhombo zokucwaninga okunyathelisiwe. Uma umthombo wenza ukugomela okuqinile ngaphandle kobufakazi obusekelayo, lokho kuyifulegi elibomvu. Ngokufanayo, abahloli kufanele baqaphele ulimi olungokomzwelo oluklanyelwe ukuvusa ukusabela kunokunikeza ulwazi. Izihloko ezisengqondweni, amaphuzu aphakeme ashukumisa ukwesaba noma intukuthelo ngokuvamile zibonisa ukuthi lusho into ebangela ukusheshisa ngokunemba.

Ukuqaphela Izinhlobo Ezihlukahlukene Zemizimba

Ukuqinisekisa I - Bias

Esinye sezithiyo eziphikelelayo ekuhloleni ngokunembile ubandlululo oluqinisekisiwe, ukuthambekela ekusekeleni ukwaziswa okuqinisekisa izinkolelo ezikhona. Wonke umuntu ubhekana nobandlululo. Kuyindlela elula evimbelayo engqondweni eyonga amandla obuchopho kodwa eholela ekucabangeni okusontekile. Lapho uhlola ukwaziswa, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubandlululo kubangela ukuba abantu bamukele izinkulumo ezivumelana nokubheka kwabo izwe ngaphandle kokulibhekisa ekuhlolweni okufanayo okungasebenza emibonweni yabo ephikisayo.

Ukunqoba ukuvuma ubandlululo kudinga umzamo wangamabomu. Enye indlela ephumelelayo iwukufuna ngentshiseko imibono ephikisanayo. Uma ufunda isihloko esiwuqinisa kakhulu umbono wakho, zinike isikhathi sokufuna izincazelo ezisekelwe kahle emithonjeni ethembekile. Lokhu akusho ukulahla ukuma kwakho; kusho ukukuhlola ngokumelene nobufakazi obungcono kakhulu obukhona. Enye indlela iwukunciphisa inqubo yakho yokuhlola. Kunokuba uthathe isinyathelo ngokushesha esisekelwe esihlokweni, yima ubuze ukuthi ungayimukela yini le mininingwane uma ivela emthonjeni ongawujwayele noma ophikisangakutholile.

Imithombo Yezindaba Nezombangazwe

Izinhlangano zezindaba zihluka kakhulu ezindleleni zazo zokuhlela. Ezinye zihlela ukulinganisela ngokuhlukanisa okucacile phakathi kwezindaba nombono. Ezinye zihlanganisa ukuzwa nombiko, okwenza kube nzima ngabafundi abavamile ukuhlukanisa iqiniso nombono. Amashadi e Media abonisa ubandlululo, njengalawo akhiqizwa yi-Ad Fontes Media and Alleside, anikeza imiboniso evezayo ukuthi izinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zezombangazwe ziwelaphi futhi zithembeke kangakanani. Lamashadi angamathuluzi awusizo, kodwa kufanele asetshenziswe ngokuqaphapha. Akukho shadi eliphelele, futhi izihloko ezithile ezisencwadini zingaphambuka embukisweni ye-pase.

Indlela enokwethenjelwa iwukufunda yonke imikhakha. Uma indaba yezindaba ibalulekile, bheka indlela yokuyihlanganisa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokubhala. Qhathanisa nokubhala, imithombo ecashunwe, namaqiniso agcizelelwe. Amaphuzu esivumelwano ezikhankasweni eziningi cishe athembeka kakhulu, kuyilapho amaphuzu okungavumelani aqokomisa ukuthi ukuchaza nokucwasana kunendima enkulu kangakanani. Lokhu kuveza umkhuba wokufunda oyinkimbinkimbi.

Izintambo Zomthetho - sisekelo

Ngaphandle kobandlululo lomuntu, imithetho elawulayo ehlola izinjini zikagesi nezindawo zezokuxhumana ezethula ngokwayo ukuhlanekezela. Le mithetho iklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthembisana, hhayi ukunemba. Ihlela okuqukethwe okugcina abasebenzisi besongwayo, bechofoza, futhi behlanganyela. Okuqukethweyo okungokomzwelo, okuphikisanayo, nokuvusa impikiswano, kuvame ukwenza kahle lapho kuhlanganiswa izibalo, okusho ukuthi izimpawu ziveza kahle uhlobo lwento edinga ukuhlolwa ngokucophelela okukhulu.

Abasebenzisi banganciphisa ubandlululo lwe-algorithic ngokuhlela ukudla kwabo kolwazi. Landela ochwepheshe emikhakheni ehlobene, vumela amaphephandaba athola imithombo ephakeme elinganayo, futhi sebenzisa abasebenzisi be-seshi ukuthola uhlobo oluthile lokuqukethwe. Ukucima ukutusa okungazenziswa uma kungenzeka kunciphisa ithonya lokwaziswa okusemqoka. Umgomo ukulawula indawo ezungezile yokwaziswa kunokuvumela amanani anqume ukuthi ubonani.

Izinqubo Eziwusizo Zokuhlolwa Kokwaziswa Kwansuku Zonke

Ukufunda Kwamuva

Ukufunda okulandelayo kuyisu elisetshenziswa yimishini eqeqeshiwe yokuhlola amaqiniso. Kunokuba ihlale kuwebhusayithi eyodwa futhi ihlole okuqukethwe kuyo ngokuzihlukanisa, ukufunda okulandelayo kuhlanganisa ukuvula ama-tab amasha ukuze kucwaningwe ngomthombo, umqambi, kanye nalokho okushiwoyo. Lendlela ishesha futhi iphumelela kakhulu kunokufunda uqonde phezulu, okuxhomeke ekuhloleni umklamo wesikhathi, igama lendawo, noma ikhasi. Abahloli beqiniso basebenzisa njalo ukufunda okulandelayo ukuqinisekisa ulwazi, futhi ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi luveza imiphumela engcono kunezindlela ezithile.

Ukulingisa ukufunda okulandelana, uma uhlangana nencazelo noma umthombo ongajwayelekile, vula i-tab entsha yesiyaluzi. Funa igama lomthombo kanye namagama afana "no-"kuhleleka,"" noma "uhlelo". Bheka izinqumiso ezizimele ezivela eziphuzwini zezindaba, izihloko zemfundo, noma izinhlangano ezihlola iqiniso. Uma ukuzisho kuhilela izibalo noma ingcaphuno, funa umthombo wokuqala waleyo mininingwane. Ukuqhubekela phambili kulwembu kukunika isithombe esigcwele kunesikhathi sokuhlala ekhasini elilodwa.

Indlela yeSIFT

Inqubo yeSIFT inikeza esinye isakhiwo esiwusizo, esakhiwa uchwepheshe wezokufunda we-minuber Mike Caulfield. I-SIFT imelela i-Stop, i-Reconficate produe, futhi i-Trace isho ukuthi i-mome story ingumos. Isinyathelo sokuqala, i-Sma, ibalulekile. Ngaphambi kokwabelana noma ukwenza umsebenzi wolwazi, yima futhi wenze isinqumo esiqotho sokuyihlola. Isinyathelo sesibili, i-Inventiongate, ihilela ukubheka ukuthi i-injini ethwele noma isiphi isiphi isiphi isiphi isisekelo. Isehlo, ikhuthaza ukufuna imithombo ethembekile enikeza ukwaziswa okuphelele nokunokwethenjelwa esisekelwe esihlokweni esifanayo. Isinyathelo sesine, i-Trace sithi sihlanganisa umongo wokuqala, ukuthola ukuthi i-osisekenziwayo futhi imele kahle.

ISIFT siklanyelwe ukuba sisheshe futhi siphumelele. Imibono eminingi ingahlolwa ngaphansi komzuzu usebenzisa lendlela. Ayidingi ubuchwepheshe obujulile emkhakheni, kuphela ukuzimisela ukuhlola ngaphambi kokuthemba. Ngokwesibonelo, uma isithombe sovirus sibonakala sibonisa isenzakalo esiphawulekayo, ukwenza uphendlo oluhlukile futhi ukuhlola imithombo yezindaba enedumela elihle kungaqinisekisa ukuthi isithombe sikhona futhi sibhalwe ngokunembile.

Umthombo We - “reating ”

Imithombo ethembekile isho ukuqinisekisa ukwaziswa cishe ngemithombo emithathu ezimele, ethembekile. Lendlela ibaluleke kakhulu ezinqumweni ezithatha phezulu, njengokwelapha, izindaba zomthetho, noma izibopho ezinkulu zezimali. Uma imithombo emithathu ethembekile ivumelana neqiniso, ukuqiniseka ngalelo qiniso kwanda kakhulu. Uma imithombo ingavumelani, ukuphikisana ngokwako kunikeza ukwaziswa okubalulekile ngobunkimbinkimbinkimbi noma ngendawo ephikiswayo yale mpikiswano.

I-triample ephumelelayo idinga ukuzimela kwangempela phakathi kwemithombo. Uma iziteshi ezimbili zezindaba zenkampani eyodwa yabazali, zingazimela ngempela. Ngokufanayo, uma imithombo eminingi icaphuna ukuhlola okufanayo noma ukukhululwa kwezindaba, abanikezi isiqinisekiso sokuzimela. Bheka imithombo eyathola ukwaziswa kwayo kukucwaninga okuhlukile kwasekuqaleni, ochwepheshe, noma izindawo ezihlukene zendawo.

Amathuluzi Nezindlela Zobuchwepheshe Ezisekelayo

Imininingwane Eyiqiniso

Izinhlangano eziningana ezinikezelwe ezihlola iqiniso zinikeza ukuhlola okuqinisekisiwe kokusho kwamagciwane. I-Snopes, i-Check.org, i-Politifact, ne-International Fact-Checking Network zigcina izinhlelo zokuhlola ezikwazi ukuphenyeka lapho abasebenzisi bangahlola ngokushesha ukuthi iziphi izinto eseziphendulwe khona. Snopeps Snops [[FLT]] Snops [[[I-FLT:1]] belokhu bewasula futhi beqinisekisa amahemumuhhthi kusukela ngo-1990 futhi bemboza uhlu olubanzi lwezihloko. Lezinqubo, kuhlanganise nendlela abakhetha ngayo ukuthi bakhetha ngayo ukuthi bayavuma, bamukela kanjani, nokuthi balinganisa kanjani ngokunemba. Ukuzihlolwa njalo ngalezi zikwane futhi bakha umkhuba wokuzilo lwe-iedio.

Amayaluzi nama-plugin

Amaphethiloli anganikeza umongo wesikhathi esingokoqobo mayelana nemithombo ohlangana nayo. Amaphephandaba i-Guard, atholakala kubaphathi abaningi abakhulu, abonisa isilinganiso semali yezinkulungwane zezindaba namawebhusayithi okwaziswa asekelwe ezindinganisweni zo-mkhakha ezingu-9, kuhlanganise nokuthi ingosi ikhipha kaningi yini okuqukethwe yikho okungamanga, ukuthi iveza ngokucacile yini umbono, nokuthi iyawembula yini ukuba nawakho. Okunye ukuhlanganisa kuyasiza ekuvezeni umfanekiso, kuvumela abasebenzisi ukuba bahlehlise umfanekiso ngqo kusuka kumphethi wencwadi. La mathuluzi awazona iziphetho eziphelele zokucabanga okugxeka, kodwa asebenza njengamaqandabeni awusizo, ikakhulukazi uma isikhathi silinganiselwe.

Izifundo Zokufunda Imithombo Yezindaba

Amathuba okufunda ahlelwe angajulisa amakhono okuhlola. I-Platform enjenge-Lavera, edX, ne- News Literacy Project inikeza izifundo zamahhala neziphansi zezokufunda imithombo yezindaba, ukuhlola ulwazi, nokuhlola. Lezizifundo zivame ukuhlanganisa ukuvivinya ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlola, kanye nezinqumo ezisiza abafundi ukuba basebenzise amakhono abo ezimweni ezingokoqobo. I- News Scylinic Project [[ inikeza imithombo eklanyelwe ngokukhethekile abafundisi nabafundi, kodwa izinto zayo ziwusizo kunoma ubani ofuna ukuthuthukisa ikhono labo lokuhlola imibiko nolwazi. Komiti yokunikeza izifundo indlela ehleliwe ukuze kukwazi ukwakha amakhono ahlala njalo.

Ukuthuthukisa Isiko Lokucabanga Okubucayi

Ezimisweni Zokufundisa

Izikole namayunivesithi anendima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni ulwazi. Nokho, ukufunda nokubhala kuvame ukubhekwa njengesifundo esisodwa esifundwayo kunezingxenye ezihlangene zezifundo. Izindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokufundisa amakhono ahlolwayo ezifundweni. Ekilasini lomlando, abafundi bahlola imithombo eyisisekelo. Ekilasini lesayensi, bahlola indlela yokufunda nobukhulu. Ikilasi lezokuhlola ihlola ukuhlikihla nokushwampuza. Uma behlola inqubo yolwazi, baba umkhuba ongaguquki wemfundo, kunokuba kube umsebenzi ovamile.

Othisha bangahlola ngokucabanga ngokuzwakalayo lapho bethola ukwaziswa okusha. Banganikeza futhi imisebenzi edinga abafundi ukuba balandelele imithombo eminingi futhi banikeze lokho abakutholile. Ukuhlolwa kufanele kudlulele ngalé kokucasha ukuze kuhlanganiswe imisebenzi, njengokucela abafundi ukuba bahlulele ukuthi ivela kuphi futhi bachaze ukucabanga kwabo.

Emsebenzini

Abaqashi bayaqaphela ukubaluleka kwezisebenzi ezingahlola ukwaziswa ngokuphumelelayo. Ukungaqondi kahle emsebenzini kungaholela ekusebenziseni kabi, ekuchitheni imithombo eshisiwe, nasekulimaleni kwedumela. Izinhlangano zingakhuthaza ukucabanga okugxekayo ngokunikeza ukuhlolwa komthombo, zikhuthaze izisebenzi ukuba zigxeke izimpikiswano, futhi zikhuthaze izimpikiswano ezisekela kahle kunokuqiniseka. Ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi kufanele kubonise izindinganiso ezifanayo zokunemba nokubonakala okulindeleke ukuba izisebenzi zisebenzise ekucwaningeni kwazo kwangaphandle.

Ezingxoxweni Zomphakathi

Imikhaya, abangane, namaqembu omphakathi angaqinisa ulwazi ngezingxoxo zansuku zonke. Uma othile exoxa ngesihloko sezindaba noma i-media yezokuxhumana, ebuza imibuzo elula enjengethi "Ukubonephi lokhu? noma "Ingabe ikhona imithombo yalokho?" ingasheshisa ingxoxo ngaphandle kokuphikisana. Izinhlangano zomphakathi, imitapo, nemitapo yezindaba yendawo ingangenisa izikhungo zokuhlola ukwaziswa. Amalabhuli, ikakhulukazi, ayizikhungo ezithenjwa ezikhokhwa kahle ukunikeza imithombo yemali nokuqeqeshwa kwezokubhala.

Isiphetho: Ukwakha Isimiso Sokwaziswa Esishintshayo

Ukukhipha ukwaziswa enkathini ye-inthaneti akulona ikhono elingase likwaziwe kanye bese libekwa eceleni. Kudinga umkhuba oqhubekayo, ukujwayela ubuchwepheshe obusha, nokuzimisela ukubuza ngisho nemithombo ejwayelekile. Amathuluzi namasu achazwe kulesi sihloko anikeza isisekelo, kodwa isici esibaluleke kakhulu ukuzimisela komuntu ngeqiniso nokunemba. Ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho umuntu enquma ukuma ngaphambi kokuba ahlanganyele, ahlole umthombo, noma afune umbono ophikisayo, anezela empucukweni ekwakheni kobufakazi obusemzwelweni nasebusweni obunenzuzo.

Izakhamuzi ezinamakhono aqinile okuhlola azinaso isisulu sokusebenzisa kabi futhi zikwazi kangcono ukwenza izinqumo ezivumelana nezithakazelo zazo nezindinganiso. Ziyakwazi futhi ukumelana nokuncipha kokuthembana okubangelwa yilokho okunganembile. Endaweni yemithombo yezindaba ehlukene, ikhono lokuhlola ukwaziswa akuyona nje inzuzo yomuntu siqu; kuyinzuzo yomphakathi. Ngokuthatha lomthwalo wemfanelo, abantu basiza ekwakheni ulwazi olusebenza wonke umuntu, hhayi nje labo abamemeza kakhulu noma abachitha kakhulu ekusakazeni. Umsebenzi wokuhlola uqala kumuntu ngamunye, kodwa imiphumela yalo akuyona nje inzuzo engaphandle emiphakathini enempilo nengcono kakhulu.