ISichibiyelo se-15 se-U.S. singenye yezintuthuko ezibaluleke kakhulu ezingokomthetho emlandweni waseMelika. Saqiniswa ngo-1870 phakathi nenkathi yokuvuselelwa kwezwe, saklanyelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ilungelo lokuvota alingenqatshelwa ngenxa yobuhlanga, ibala, noma isimo sobugqila bangaphambili. Kubantu base-Afrika abasanda kukhululwa, ukuncishiswa kwamelela isithembiso sokulingana kwezombangazwe kanye nendlela eqondile yokuthatha isigaba sokubusa ngentando yeningi. Nokho indaba yeSiphendulo seshumi elinesihlanu asiyona inganekwane elula yentuthuko. Indaba eyinkimbinkimbi yokunqoba okuqinile okungokomthetho okuhlanganiswe ngokumelene nonya nombuso wegunya, neyokuthatha isilinganiso esingangekhulu leminyaka ukuba iqale ukusetshenziswa. Ukuqonda impumelelo, kumelwe kuhlole imingcele ewumlando omude, ukumelana nokulwa kwayo okuqinile, ukumelana nemizamo kwemithetho engokomthetho kanye nokuvumelana nemizamo yokulwa.

Ukupha Abanye Amalungelo Ngaphambi Kwempi Yombango

Eminyakeni yokuqala yerepublic yaseMelika, ukuvota kwakulinganiselwe kakhulu kumadoda amhlophe, ayizimpahla. Nakuba izimfuneko zempahla zazincishiswa kancane kancane kubantu abamhlophe phakathi nenkathi kaJackson, ama-Afrikaan (ukuba yizigqila noma amahhhala) ayekhishwa emhlabeni wonke emkhosini wempi. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yombango, kwakuvunyelwa abantu abambalwa kuphela abakhululekile abamnyama ukuba bavote, futhi ngisho nangalesosikhathi, izimo zazivame ukuba zibe yizinhle.

Izwe elingokomthetho lamalungelo okuvota aseMelika ngaphambi kweMpi Yombango lalolongwa izici eziningana eziyinhloko:

  • Imingcele yomthetho-mthetho-sisekelo wezinga lesifunda: Izifunda zasenyakatho eziningi zilinganiselwe ngokucacile ukuvota kubantu abamhlophe kumthetho-sisekelo wezwe lazo. Ngokwesibonelo, iNew York, kwadingeka ukuba abavoti abamnyama babe nempahla engu-R250, kuyilapho abamhlophe bengazange babhekane nemfuneko enjalo.
  • Isinqumo sikaDred Scott (1857): ENkantolo ePhakeme yase-U.S. sanquma ukuthi ama-Afrika ayengezona izakhamuzi zase-United States futhi ngeke nanini abe yizakhamuzi. Lesi sinqumo savala ngokuphumelelayo noma yiliphi ilungelo lokuvota ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni.
  • Isiko lendawo nokwesabisa:[ Ngisho nalapho abantu abansundu babengavota khona ngokomthetho, babevame ukubhekana nokuhlukunyezwa, ubudlova, nokuphindisela kwezomnotho. Izindawo zokungcolisa zazivame ukuba yindawo eyingozi.
  • Ukungabikho kwesivikelo sikahulumeni: Ngaphambi kweMpi Yombango, izimfanelo zokuvota zazinqunywa ngokuphelele yizifundazwe, futhi uhulumeni kahulumeni awuzange unikeze nqubo yokubekela imithetho yokucwasa ngokohlanga inselele.

Ngo - 1860, iphesenti elingaphansi kwephesenti elilodwa labantu baseMelika baseAfrika lalihlala ezifundeni lapho babengavota khona ngokuvumelana nabamhlophe.

Umongo Wokuvuselela Nokufunza

IMpi Yomphakathi ngokuyisisekelo yaguqula ubuhlobo phakathi kukahulumeni nezifundazwe. Ngemva kokunikezela kweNhlangano, isizwe sabhekana nenselele enkulu yokuhlanganisa ama-Afrika aseMelika asanda kukhululwa ayizigidi ezine embusweni wezwe wezombangazwe nezenhlalo. UMongameli uAbraham Lincoln wayebone kusengaphambili ukuvuselelwa okuyekelelayo, kodwa ukubulawa kwakhe ngoApril 1865 kwamisa ukulinganisela kwamandla kubantu abahlala eRepublics eBandla, ababona isinyathelo sikahulumeni njengesibalulekile ekuvikeleni amalungelo abantu abakhululiwe.

Umzamo wokuqala wokuthola amalungelo okuvota ama-Afrikans kwatholakala ngoMthetho we-Civil Rights ka-18666, owamemezela ukuthi bonke abantu abazalwa e-United States babeyizakhamuzi futhi benelungelo lokulingana. Nokho, lesi senzo asizange sikhulume ngokuqondile ngokuvota. ISichibiyelo se 14 se-Pregment, esagunyazwa ngo-1868, sanikeza isisekelo somthetho sobuzibulo nesivikelo esilinganayo ngaphansi komthetho, kodwa isigqebhene saso sashiya ikamelo eliyinqaba endabeni yokungaqondani neSiphendulo se 14 sazama ukujezisa izikhulu zabesilisa ngokuncintisa amalungelo okuvota izakhamuzi ezingabantu abadala ngokunciphisa ukumele kwabo eMkhandlu, kodwa asikwe ngokuphelele ukucwa kwezinhlanga ngokuvota.

Ukungafaneleki kwalezi zinyathelo kwabonakala ngokusobala njengezifundazwe zaseNingizimu, ngaphansi kwe-"Black Codes," kwaqala ukudlulisa imithetho evimbela kakhulu amalungelo abantu baseAfrika. Lemithetho yayihlanganisa imithetho yokungalawuleki, izivumelwano zemisebenzi, nezinye izimiso ezingokomthetho eziklanyelwe ukugcina amandla afana nobugqila. Ngokuphendula, iRadical Republicans, iholwa yizibalo ezifana no-Chaddeus Stevens, Charles Sumner, noFrederick Douglas, baphikisa ngokuthi ngaphandle kwevota, ama-Afrika ayakuhlala engenakuvikeleka ngokumelene nobukhulu obumhlophe. Ivoti yayingeyiwodwa nje i-osiglock yesivikelo sokuzivikela negunya lezombangazwe.

Izimpikiswano Zezishayabhuqe

Impikiswano ngeSichibiyelo sekhulu le-15 yayinzima futhi yembula. Abaxhasi baphikisa ngokuthi ukulungisa kwakudinga ukulungisiswa kweSichibiyelo se-14 nezinyanga zobudlova nokucindezelwa eNingizimu. Bakhomba ekubulaweni kwabantu okungu-1866 Memphis kanye neNew Orleans, lapho izixuku zabamhlophe zahlasela khona imiphakathi yabaNsundu, njengobufakazi bokuthi ngaphandle kokuvikelwa nguhulumeni, amalungelo abantu abakhululiwe ayengeke afeze lutho.

Ukuphikiswa kwavela eziqondisweni eziningi. AmaDemocrates namaRepublicans aphikisa ngokuthi ukuvota kwakuyindaba yezifundazwe nokuthi ukubuyiselwa kwalezi zinguquko kwakumelela ukucupha uhulumeni okungagunyazi. Abanye babesaba ukuthi ukunqanyulwa kwakuzovula umnyango wabesifazane, ithemba elabangela ukuba amadoda amaningi ahlulele imithetho engokomthetho. Ngempela, isiHlathi seNguquko seshumi elinesihlanu senqabela ngokuqondile ukucwaswa kohlanga ekuvoteni, kodwa angazange akhulume ngobulili, okwaholela ekuqhezukisweni okubuhlungu kweqembu labesifazane. U-Elizabeth Schann noSusan B. UAn u-Annice waphikisa i-mthena ngoba futhi angazange aqinisekise ukuvota, ephikisa ngokuthi kuphakamisa amaBlabhuki phezu kwabesifazane. UDouglans, nakuba kunjalo, wanxusa i-Blackson, ngenxa yokuphikisa kwe-Black, ukuthi u-scheff.

Umbhalo wokugcina wenguquko wawufingqwa ngamabomu: Ukufakwa 1: "Ilungelo lezakhamuzi zase-United States lokuvota ngeke liphiwe noma livalwe yi-United States noma yinoma yisiphi isifunda ngenxa yohlanga, umbala, noma isimo sangaphambili sobugqila." Ukuvota 2: "Izishaya - mthetho ziyoba namandla okuphoqelela lesi sihloko ngomthetho ofanele."""

Inguquko yahlongozwa yiSishaya-mthetho ngoFebruary 1869 futhi yagunyazwa yizindawo ezintathu ezine ezidingekayo ngoFebruary 1870. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi, izifundazwe ezinhlanu zaseningizimu `Missispipi, Texas, Virginia, Georgia, ne Florida" kwadingeka ukuba zilungise i-raify i-assing njengesimo sokuthunyelwa kwe-Union.

Umphumela Osheshayo Nokuphakama KukaJim Crow

Eminyakeni yokuqala ngemva kokugujwa kwe-ratiation, iSichibiyelo se-15 saba nemiphumela ephawulekayo. Amadoda aseMelika aseMelika avota ngobuningi eNingizimu, futhi amakhulu akhethwa emahhovisi endawo, ezwe, nakuhulumeni. Phakathi kuka-1870 no1901, ama-senator amabili aseAfrika (i-Revels ne-Blanche K. Bruce yaseMississippi) nabameleli baseMelika abangamashumi amabili bakhonza eKhoshalini lombuso. Ezweni nasezingeni lendawo, izikhulu zabaNsundu zazinezikhundla zeze, amalungu ebhodini lesikole, amameyadia, namagesakhekhe. Le nkathi yayivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-"Puppenson" noma "Blalgradion," i-Bcial Reconstanorformation," yayimelela ukuhlola kwangempela kwe-odemocra.

Ukuhlanganyela kwezombangazwe kwaseMelika yaseAfrika kwabhekana nokuphikiswa okunonya nobudlova. Amaqembu alwayo njengeKu Klux Klan, iWhite League, neRed Shirts avela ngaphesheya kweNingizimu, esebenzisa ubuphekula, i-lynting, kanye nokwesatshiswa kwequbula ukuba kunqandwe ukuvota okumnyama. AmaKlan ayengenazisulu zobuBlack Public kuphela kodwa futhi nanoma ubani owayesekela i-Constanton. Ngo-1871, i-Congress yadlulisa iNctalmental Acts, eyayenza ukuba idlange amalungelo okuvota futhi yavumela umongameli ukuba asebenzise amabutho esizwe ukuba avikele u-Roffat. Isikhathi esithile, lezizenzo zasiza ekunqandeni ubudlova obukhulu, kodwa ukugcinwa kwemithetho yezombangazwe futhi zancishwa futhi zancike ekuqondisweni kwezombangazwe.

Ukuphela kweRepublican Reconstructon ngo-1877, ngemva kokukhethwa komongameli okwaphikiswana ngaye ngo-1876 no-Goontal Relective, kwaphawula inguquko. Amabutho amabutho ahlangene asuswa eNingizimu, futhi iRiphabliki yashiya kakhulu ukuzimisela kwayo ukuvikela amalungelo okuvota abamnyama ngokushintshana "ngoqinile" eyayizosekela ukuphatha okusha kukaMongameli uRutherford B. Hayes. Ngokususwa kwemithetho yomthetho, i-Sofrenters yasuka ngokushesha ekuncipheni inzuzo ka-Constanton.

Amathuluzi Okuchitha

Kusukela ngawo-1880 futhi kwasheshisa ngawo-1890 kuya ekuqaleni kwawo-1900, izifundazwe zaseNingizimu zasebenzisa uchungechunge lwemithetho nezinguquko zomthetho-sisekelo ezaziklanyelwe ngokuqondile ukukhipha ama-Afrika aseMelika ekuvoteni. Lezi zinyathelo zahlolwa ngokuhlakanipha ukuze zibonakale zingenahlangothi ngokwezinhlanga ephepheni kuyilapho ziqeda ngokuphumelelayo izakhamuzi ezimnyama. Amathuluzi ayinhloko ayehlanganisa:

  • Ukuhlola ukungafundi: Abavoti abangase bahlolwe kwakudingeka bafunde futhi bachaze ukudlula komthetho-sisekelo kazwelonke noma umbhalo oyinkimbinkimbi womthetho. Nakuba abavoti abaningi abamhlophe babengafundile, ababhaleli besifundazwe banikezwa imvume ebanzi yokunikeza ukuhlolwa okusekelwe ngokwezinhlanga. Ama-Afrika anikwa izingxenyana ezingenakulungiseka noma ahluleka kwezobuchwepheshe, kuyilapho abamhlophe ngokuvamile babehlawulwa noma benikezwa izingxenyana ezilula.
  • Intela yePoll: Intela yayidingeka ukuze ivote, ngokuvamile inqwabelane, okusho ukuthi umuntu kwakumelwe akhokhe izintela iminyaka edlule. Lomuntu ompofu waseAfrika, owayengenakho ukukhokhela intela. Abamhlophe abaningi abampofu nabo bathinteka, okwakuhloselwe ukuhlongoza ezinye izithakazelo zezombangazwe.
  • Izigaba zomkhulu: Ezinye izizwe zikhulula amadoda ezimfunekweni zokufunda nokubhala noma impahla uma bekufanelekele ukuvota ngaphambi kuka-1867, noma uma okhokho bawo babefaneleka. Njengoba ama-Afrika ancishwa amavoti ngaphambi kuka-1867, lesi sigigaba sakhishwa ngokuphumelelayo ngabavoti abamhlophe kuphela. INkantolo Ephakeme yabulala izigaba zomgogo eGuinn v. United States (1915), kodwa ngalesosikhathi umonakalo wazenziwa.
  • Izindawo ezimhlophe: Engxenyeni eyodwa yaseNingizimu, iDemocratic eyinhloko yayiwukuphela kokhetho olubalulekile. Amaqembu aseNingizimu Democratic amemezela ukuthi amaqembu azimele futhi awabange ama-Afrika angene ezindaweni ezizimele zokuvota. INkantolo Ephakeme ekugcineni yawulwa nalomkhuba eSmith v. Allwright (19444), kodwa yathatha amashumi eminyaka empimpi.
  • ubudlova nokwesabisa: Ngalé komthetho, ama-Afrika aseMelika abhekana nokushaywa, ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu, ukuhlaselwa kwemibhobho, nokucindezela kwezomnotho njengokuxoshwa ezweni noma ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi. Usongo lobudlova lwaluvame ukunciphisa abantu ekuhloleni.

Ngo-1900, isithembiso seSichibiyelo se-15 sase siphelile eNingizimu. Ngokwesibonelo, eLouisiana, inani labavoti abaBlack ababhaliwe lehla lisuka ku-130 000 ngo-1896 kuya ku-5 5 396 ngo-1900, ukuncipha okungamaphesenti angu-96. Izindlela ezifanayo zenzeka endaweni. INkantolo Ephakeme, ochungechungeni lwezinqumo ezifana United States v. Reese [18] [1876] [indlela ebanzi] kanye nezindlela zokusebenzisa i-United States. Cruikshank[FLT] [[FLT] [18] [18]], yachaza izinqulumo zeze zeze-15 zezemposo, iphethe ukuthi ayivumanga ekuvoleni, kodwa yazekile ukuvota okucacile kulemithetho yokuvota. [Flcelela.]

Ukulwela Ukuphoqelelwa Isikhathi Eside

Eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha eyalandela, iSichibiyelo se-15 sasikhona kakhulu njengesithembiso esingasasebenzi. AmaMelika aseAfrika aqhubeka elwela amalungelo awo okuvota ngezinselele zomthetho, izimpande ezihlela utshani, nokunxusa kwesizwe. Izinhlangano ezinjenge-National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), ezasungulwa ngo-19909, zawenza amalungelo okuvota aba ingxenye eyinhloko yezinhlelo zawo. Kodwa uhulumeni waqhubeka uveza isithakazelo esincane ekubekeleni umthetho, futhi iNkantolo Ephakeme yaqhubeka ingafuni ukungenela kulokho eyayikubheka njengendaba kahulumeni.

IMpi Yezwe II yaphawula inguquko. Amasosha aseMelika aseAfrika ayelwele ukubusa ngentando yeningi kwamanye amazwe abuyela ekhaya ezimisele ukulivikela ekhaya. IMpi Yomshoshaphansi yabuye yadala amandla amasha, njengoba iUnited States yayifuna ukuziveza njengesibonakaliso senkululeko ngokuphambene neSoviet Union. Ukuphathwa ngonya kwababhikishi bamalungelo omphakathi okunokuthula kwasakazwa emhlabeni wonke, okwabangela uhulumeni waseU.S. ukucindezela kwezombangazwe ukuba kushintshe.

Inhlangano Yamalungelo Abantu Nesivumelwano Sokugunyazwa Kwamalungelo Abantu Sango - 1965

I-Civil Rights Movement yanamuhla ka-1950 no-1960 yenza amalungelo okuvota afunwa kakhulu. i-Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956), izinhlangano ezihlala phansi, nenkululeko iRides konke kwasiza ukwakha umfutho, kodwa umzabalazo wokulwela amalungelo okuvota wawumkhulu kakhulu. EMississippi, i-Stussippis i-Nonlig David Coordiniting Coodiniting Committee (SC) kanye namanye amaqembu ahleliwe ukuba abhaliswe, abhekene nokuphikiswa kobudlova kweziphathimandla zendawo namaqembu abamhlophe abalwela amalungelo okuvota. Ukubulawa kwenkululeko yokuvota uJames Chaney, u-Andreyman, noMichael Schwerner ngo-19643 kugxiliwe i-zweni lonke izwe.

Inkathi echazayo yafika ngo-March 1965 eSelma, e-Alabama, lapho amabutho kahulumeni ahlasela khona amasha azama ukusuka eSelma ukuya eMontgomery ukufuna amalungelo okuvota. Ukuhlasela "kwangeSonto" lapho amabutho asebenzisa khona igesi yezinyembezi, izinkabi, neziswebhu, kwakhushulwa ezweni lonke futhi kwabangela igagasi lentukuthelo. Ekuphenduleni, uMongameli Lynndon B. Johnson wasungula iVoting Rights Act ka-1965, asayina umthetho ngoAugust 6, 1965.

IVoing Rights Act ibhekwa kabanzi njengengxenye ephumelela kakhulu yomthetho wamalungelo abantu owake wakhishwa.

  • Ukuhlanganisa 4:[ kwamisa indlela yokuhlukanisa ama-gassion nomlando wezindlela zokuvota zobuhlanga, ifuna ukuba ithole ukucwengisiswa kukahulumeni ngaphambi kokwenza noma iziphi izinguquko emithethweni yokuvota.
  • Ukuhlanganisa 5: Kwakudingeka ama-gaswork ahlanganisayo ukuya "preclear" noma iluphi ushintsho ezinhlelweni zokuvota kuMnyango wokwahlulela wase-U.S. noma iNkantolo yeSigodi yase-U.S. ye-Foort of Columbia.
  • Ukukhetha 2:[ kwaveza noma yimuphi umkhuba wokuvota noma inqubo eyayikhetha uhlanga noma umbala.
  • Abahloli nezingqapheli: Isenzo sagunyaza uhulumeni ukuba athumele abahloli ukuba babhalise abavoti ngezindawo ezibotshelelwe.

Imiphumela yayiyisikhashana futhi inamandla. Phakathi nonyaka wokuhamba kwesenzo, ama-Afrika aseMelika amasha angu-250,000 abhaliswa eNingizimu. EMississippi, ukubhalisa okumnyama kwenyuka kusuka kumaphesenti angu-6,7 ngo-1964 kuya kumaphesenti acishe abe ngu-60 ngo-1968. Inani lezikhulu ezikhethwe zaseMelika kuwo wonke amazinga kahulumeni lakhuphuka.

Ifa LeSichibiyelo Se - 15 Ekhulwini Lama - 21

ISichibiyelo se - 15 samisa isimiso esiyisisekelo: Uhulumeni kahulumeni unamandla nomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvikela amalungelo okuvota ekucwaseni ngokohlanga. Lesi simiso saqiniswa futhi saqiniswa i - Voting Rights Act ka - 1965. Nokho, ukulwela amalungelo okuvota kuyaqhubeka ekhulwini lama - 21, njengoba izinhlobo ezintsha zokuhlukana ziye zavela.

Ngo-2013, iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-U.S. yanquma ku-Shelby County v. Hoder ukuthi inqubo yokuhlanganisa eyasetshenziswa eCandelo 4 le-Voting Rights Act yaphelelwa isikhathi futhi ayizange ivumelane nemithetho. Isinqumo seNkantolo sasikhiphisa ngokuphumelelayo imfuneko yokuzihlela, ishiya amazwe nemibuso yendawo ekhululekile ukuthatha izinguquko zokuvota ngaphandle kokuqondisa kombuso. Eminyakeni kusukela, izifunda eziningi ziye zabeka imithetho efuna i-ID eqinile, isithiwashise phambili, ukuvota, ukuvota, nokuvala izindawo zokuvota, nokuhlola ukuthi abagxeki baphikisa ngokuphikisi bathinta i-Afrika kanye nezinye izigaba ezimbalwa.

ISichibiyelo se-15 asisona isiqinisekiso sokuziqeda. Kudingeka ukuba ihlale iqaphile, i-arect, futhi i-accontry isebenza. Umbhalo olungisayo unikeza i-Congress "amandla okuphoqelela lesi sihloko ngomthetho ofanele," uveza inkolelo yamaFramers yokuthi ukulwela amalungelo okuvota kuzoba ukulwa okuqhubekayo. Eminyakeni yamuva, uMkhandlu uthathe umthetho omusha wamalungelo ohulumeni okuvota, njengoJohn R. Lewis Voting Rights Act, ozobuyisela futhi uqinise amalungiselelo ama-preferance of the Voting Rights Act.

Ingxenye engokomlando yeSichibiyelo se-15 isikhumbuza ukuthi amalungelo okuvota eMelika awazange ahlale ekhona. Aye anqotshwa ngokulwa, ahlulwa ngokumelana, futhi azuzwa ngokuphikelele. Isithembiso sokulungisa () sesithembiso sokuvota asisoze sancishwa ngenxa yohlanga ) ukuthi ilungelo lokuvota lihlala liyifa lempumelelo yangaphambili nenselele yamanje.

Izifundo Ezitholakala Namuhla

Indaba yeSichibiyelo se - 15 inikeza izifundo eziningana ezihlala njalo kunoma ubani ohileleke ekulweleni ukubusa ngentando yeningi:

  • Iziqinisekiso ze-Cunistigation azinele ngokwazo. ISichibiyelo seshumi elinesihlanu sasiyinkulumo enamandla yesimiso, kodwa sasifuna ukuba i-Loting Rights Act nemashumi eminyaka ezenzo zobuProvistism Act ukuba ibe yinto engokoqobo kubantu abaningi baseAfrika. Amalungelo angaphoqelelwanga angamalungelo angekho asebenzayo.
  • Imingcele yokuvota iyazimela. Nakuba iSichibiyelo se 15 se-Prefection saqeda izivalo zobuhlanga ezicacile ekuvoteni, asizange sivimbele amazwe ukuba amukele izimfuneko ezibonakala zingathathi hlangothi ezinemiphumela ehlukanisayo. Lendlela iyaqhubeka namuhla ngemithetho ye-ID yomvoti, imikhuba yokulungisa, kanye nemithwalo yokuphatha.
  • [ Ukubekelwa umthetho kudingekile. Inkathi yentuthuko enkulu kakhulu yamalungelo okuvota iye yafika lapho uhulumeni kazwelonke eye wathatha indima enzima ekuvikeleni abavoti. Izinkathi zokuqinisekisa okukhulu kakhulu ziye zafika lapho ukugcinwa kwemithetho kususiwe noma kuncitshisiwe.
  • Umzabalazo uyaqhubeka. Isizukulwane ngasinye kumelwe sivuselele ukuzinikela embusweni wentando yeningi. Isichibiyeli se-15 asizange siyixazulule inkinga yobandlululo lobuhlanga ekuvoteni kanye nakancane; samisa uhlelo lwempi eqhubekayo.

ISichibiyelo seshumi nanhlanu siseyingxenye ebalulekile yomthetho-sisekelo waseMelika. Siyisikhumbuzo sombono wabavukeli abavuselelwayo abaqonda ukuthi amandla ezombangazwe ayeyisisekelo sawo wonke amanye amalungelo. Kodwa futhi siyisixwayiso: ilungelo elingavikelwanga lingasuswa. Ukufezeka kwesithembiso sobungcono bezwe ."isizwe lapho ilungelo lokuvota lilingana futhi lilondeke ngempela kuso sonke izakhamuzi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siluphi uhlanga (h] umsebenzi oqhubekayo.

Kulabo abanesithakazelo sokuqhubeka befunda, lemithombo elandelayo inikeza ukuhlaziywa okuningiliziwe komlando nomthetho: