Table of Contents
Izisekelo Zokubuyiselwa Kwemibuso Yasebukhosini: Umbuso Nezici Eziphambili Edwaleni
Izigodlo zasebukhosini zasendulo ziye zaba zezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunezindawo zokuhlala nje. Ziyizimpawu eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezinamabala ezikhuluma ngempucuko yabantu ngokwabo, ukubonakala kwempucuko, kanye nokuhlangana okukhona phakathi kombusi nendawo yakhe. Kusukela ezigodlweni zodaka zakudala ze-Mesopotamiya yasendulo kuya ezingeni ezigcwele izakhiwo eziphezulu, izakhiwo ezinezimo eziklanyiwe zamakhosi anamuhla, lezi zakhiwo zakha izitebhisi ezicebile ezikhuluma ngendaba yempucuko yabantu ngokwayo. Ukutadisha umlando wezindawo zokuhlala ebukhosini kunikeza ifasitela elingenakho ukudlula izakhiwo zezenhlalo, izifiso zezombangazwe, namakhono ezobuchwepheshe enkathi ehlukene. Zazingamakhaya amakhosi namakhosi anamuhla kuphela kodwa futhi nezikhungo zokuphatha izakhiwo zemibuso, izigaba zemikhosi emikhulu, nezinga eliphezulu kwemibukhombandlela yombuso. Lokhu kuzobalula izakhiwo zale kwakhiwa ezikhungweni zezindawo zezentengo ezindaweni eziphambili, eziphambili zezindawo eziphambili zezindawo zezindawo zesizwe eziphambili zengcebo zesizwe, futhi eziphambili, eziphambili, eziwubuthe ukuqhubekele izinkombayo.
Imvelaphi Yokuziphindiselela Kwasebukhosini: Izigodlo Zokuqala
Ingqondo yesakhiwo sokuhlala sasebukhosini isuka ezindaweni zobuhosi kanye nezindawo zokuqala. Njengoba imiphakathi yasendulo yashintsha isuka ezizweni ezizulazulayo yayakhela imiphakathi yezolimo, izikhulu zakha, futhi yaqinisa amandla. Izindlu zasebukhosini zakuqala zazingezona izindlu ezinkulu nje; zazihlangene ngemicikilisho eklanyelwe ukusungula izakhiwo, iphatha ingcebo, futhi ixhumanise umbusi nezindawo zaphezulu. EGibithe lasendulo, isigodlodlo sikaFaro sasibhekwa njengemicrom yendawo yonke, indawo engcwele lapho unkulunkulu ohlala khona. Lezi zakhiwo, ngokuvamile zakhiwe ngemibhoshongo yemibhoshongo eqinile kuphela, nezingxenye zezindawo eziqinile ezisasele, zaziyingxenye enkulu yezindawo zethempeli nezindawo zomphakathi, njengalezo ezitholakala eMemfisi naseTheki, izakhamuzini yase-Kreno ezindaweni ezinde ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene: izakhiwo zezindawo ezinde, nezindebe zezindawo zombuso zezindawo zombuso zezindawo zombuso zakwamanye amazwe, ngokufanayo, nezinkulukazi zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zombuso zamazwe zombuso, zombuso
Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo Kophawu
Phakathi nezinkulungwane zeminyaka, isimo nokusebenza kwezindlu zasebukhosini kwabangela ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuphawulekayo, ukushintshashintsha kwezimpi, ezobuchwepheshe, ifilosofi, nezindlela zokuzihlobisa.
Inqaba Eqinisiwe: Isivikelo Nenkathi Yokubusa (Inkathi Yenkathi Yenkathi Ephakathi)
Ukuwa koMbuso wamaRoma kwaletha inkathi yokuhlukana kwezombangazwe nokungalondeki eYurophu, okwaholela ekusungulweni kwenqaba. Indawo yokuhlala yasebukhosini yangeNkathi Ephakathi yayiyinqaba yokuqala nephambili. Inqaba yabekwa ngesidingo sesivikelo: izindonga zamatshe eziqinile, amafasitela angcindezekile, amafasitela angenalutho, iziqongo zokuciba, imibhoshongo yokumisa imishini yokuvimbela izinjini zokuvimbezela, futhi isakhiwo esingokomthetho sigcinwe njengendawo yokugcina yokukhosela. Naphezu kwenjongo yazo yokulwa, lezinqaba zaziyizindlu futhi izakhiwo zokuphatha. Inqaba yaseLondon, yaqalwa uWilliam uMnqobi, iyisibonelo esiphambili, ne - White Tower ekhonza njengophawu lwayo lokubusa i-Norman kubantu baseSaxon. Nokho, njengoba izikhulu nempi yayilokhu ikhona, izakhiwo zokulwa kwezikhali zaqala ukuvikela izakhiwo zezindawo zokuhlala ezingcono. Izikhulu zendlu zakwakhele futhi ziqala ukuhlanganisa amapulani ukuze zivuse izigele, futhi zivuse izinyuse, izikhulu eziphambili, izikhulu zezindawo eziphambili, futhi ziqale ukuhlele
ISigodlo SeNkathi Yenguquko: Ukuvumelana, Ubuntu, Nezenzo Ezinhle
Inkathi yeNguquko yaletha ushintsho olukhulu kuyifilosofi yokwakha. Ukubuye ithole izimiso zasendulo zamaRoma namaGreki kwagcizelela ukuhlaziywa kwe-symetrie, i-geomet, kanye nobuhlobo obuvumelanayo phakathi kwesakhiwo nendawo yaso. Indawo yasebukhosini yashintshwa isuka esithombeni sebutho lempi yaba uphawu lokuzinza, ukufunda, namandla acwengiwe. IPalace of Verles[FLD] [[FLT]] [isibonelo esiyinhloko sale nkathi yesifiso sesikhathi. Yakhiwa nguLouis XIV, yayingeyikhaya nje kodwa umshini wezombangazwe oklanyelwe ukuba ube sesifundazwe sesiFulentshi. Isikali, isikali sayo, izakhiwo ze-Miburoulton, izakhiwo ezibukhali, neziciso ezivelele zezindawo ezidizayo, nezingame kakhulu (intensi yezimpawu zenkanga) ezibanzi zenkosi, itshe lenkosi, itshe le-Auschn, itshe elinamandla kakhulu lesizwe, itshe eliyiseke kakhulu, i-Auschn
Ukwanda Kwe - baroque NokweRoco
Ngokwakha iNkathi yeNkathi Yenguquko, inkathi yeBaroque yathatha ingcebo entsha, ihloselwe ukuvelela okukhulu nokuthintana ngokomzwelo emagopheni aqinile, ukuhlobisa ngokucophelela, nokuhlobisa kakhulu, nokwezingalo ezinkulu. Izakhiwo ezithandwa kakhulu eFrance naseJalimane. Izakhiwo ezifana neSanssoucica Palace ePotsdam (Fredam ihlobo elikhulu lezemidlalo yaseshashalazini) ne-Amvalburg yokuzingela eMunich zibonisa imibala eyinkimbinkimbi, i-sccococow, i-scriaccom, kanye ne-smetic. Lezi zigobo ezithandwa kakhulu kakhulu eFrance naseJalimane. Izakhiwo ezifana neSanssoucicale ePotram (Frededed of the inter) kanye ne-earst Moult.
Ukuvuselelwa Kwenkolo Okusha Nokuhlanganisa Isonto
Ukukhanyiselwa nokuvukelwa kwenguquko okwalandela kwasusa ingcebo engaphehlwa yamakhosi aphelele. Isigaba sokulandelana sombuso, nemigqa yayo ehlanzekile, igeomet, kanye nokuphefumulelwa yizi - republic zamaGreki namaRoma, kwaba yinkathi yenkathi enengqondo nengokwendawo. Brickham Palace Britham Palaces , njengoba kwaklanywa uJohn Nash, futhi ukulula okumangalisayo kwePetit Trianton eVerlescium kwabonisa lo kuthambekela. Ngokungaphandle, inkathi yamaRoma ikhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwezindlela ezingokomlando, ikakhulukazi iRevival. Imibuso yaseBrithani, ifuna ukuxhumana nesizwe sasendulo ne-Austic, i-Windsworst, futhi yashintsha indlela engcono ye-Prougconst Houseston eyisakhiwe njenge-Gostine, isebenzisa izakhiwo zesizwe, futhi isayensi yesizwe, itshe elivamile, futhi iyaqhubeka izibona isayensi, futhi iveza izi
Ukubaluleka Okungokwesayensi Yokwakha: Akulona Ikhaya Nje
Izakhiwo zasebukhosini zibaluleke kakhulu kunesayensi yokwakha izinto ezintsha, umklamo ongaphakathi, ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokuhlala nezinto eziklanywe.
Ukuthutha
Izinkantolo zasebukhosini zazingabaphathi abaphambili bobuciko nokwakha. Basebenzisa abaklami abanekhono kakhulu, onjiniyela, nezingcweti zesikhathi sabo. Inselele yokwakha izakhiwo ezinkulu neziyinkimbinkimbi yasusa imingcele yobunjiniyela. Ukwakhiwa kophahla olukhulu, olucwebile lwezakhiwo zamahholo njengePalais Garnier (kungekho ndawo yokuhlala, idinga izakhiwo eziphambili ezifanayo zokwakha) eziklanywe ngokusemthethweni. Ukwakhiwa kwamanzi amakhulu nemithombo e-Straised kwabangela intuthuko ephawulekayo enjiniyenziwe ngobunjiyela. Ukufakwa kweziko eziphambili, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zokuhlanza indleko, nokukhanyisa kwamandla kagesi emizini ephezulu njenge [[FLT] [FLD:] kudinga izakhiwo zeWLC] eziphambili zokuzinzeka amagugu nezokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zobuchwepheshe.
Ukumisa Imikhuba Yempucuko Neyamakhele
Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka, indlela yenkantolo yasebukhosini yamisa indinganiso yezezikhulu futhi, ekugcineni, i-bourgeois. Ifashoni entsha eholweni lase-Paris yayizokotshelwa ngokushesha eLondon, eVienna, naseSt. Petersburg. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezithile, njenge-Sèvres porcelain noma iGobelis metriptices ezikhuphone ekhuliswe umqhele waseFrance, yaba izimpawu eziphezulu. Izingadi ezisemthethweni ze-Versartles, ezinemidwebo yazo efana nayo futhi zalawulwa ngezindlela zazo (i- étoile), zaba i-ethengula yendlela yokuklama iYurophu. Ngokufanayo, [i-FLT] , isitayela esithandwayo ezindaweni zasebukhosini zaseYurophu ezinde ngekhulu lekhulu leshumi elinesihlanu nele, isungulwe ngetshe elihlala itshe elihlala eMpumalanga. Isakhiwo sezwe lokuqala sezwe. [FLT]
Ukubonisa Izimfanelo Zezombangazwe Nezenhlalo
Isinqumo ngasinye esakhiwoni sokuhlala sasebukhosini sasiyinkulumo engokwezombangazwe. Icebo elivulekile, elifinyelelekayo lesigodlo seNkathi Yenguquko labonisa inhloso yesikhulu esizungezwe kahle kanye nokutholakala kwesikhulu esingumntu. I-infilade yamakamu eSigodlweni e-Versailles yaphoqelelwa ukuba izivakashi ziqhubeke ngokulandelana okunqunyiwe, ibonakalisa ukulawulwa kwenkosi ngokungena nokusebenza kwegceke layo. Ngokungafani, ukusondelana, isifundo somuntu siqu noma [[FLT:] [[FLT]] [FLT] [[FLT]] eRococobinet , [[9] esigodrome-centuright Crientrystionss iveza isithakazelo somuntu somuntu siqu nemfundo yomuntu siqu. Ukuguqulwa kweminyuko yenkosi, njengendlela ebanzi yenkathi yenkathi yemvula yenkathi yeminyaka ebanzi yenguquko yenkathi yenyanga yesibili, ukuguqula yenkathi yenguquko yenkathi yenyanga yenyanga yenyanga yamuva kakhulu, ukuguqula ka-Explome.[Flabel, ububanzi ye
Izenzakalo Eziphawulekayo Zasebukhosini: Izifundo Ze - case in Power and Prophecy
Nakuba izindawo eziningi zokuhlala zasebukhosini zidumile, ezimbalwa zivelele njengeziwucwaningo olukhethekile ngokubaluleka kwezakhiwo, ngayinye ihlanganisa imibono yesikhathi sayo nendawo yayo.
Idolobha Elibiziwe, eBeijing, eChina
Ubuciko bezakhiwo zombuso waseChina, iForbin City yasebenza njengekhaya lababusi abangu-24 iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-500. Isakhiwo esikhulu esiyinkimbinkimbi esicishe sibe ngu-1000, esiyalelwe ngokuqinile ngokwezimiso ze-Confucian zesigaba sabefundisi, i-symtry, ne-geometancy (]feng shuing shrui). Umklamo wayo, ngeHholo leSivumelwano esiphezulu phakathi, uyisibonakaliso esingokoqobo sendima yeNdodana yezulu nobukhosi. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-swoyela esiphuzi (enzelwe umbusi), ama-mastersssss, amapulangwe, namabhulomende amabhuleki amakhulu, kanye namagceke akhiwe ukuba akhulu futhi athobeke, isikhulu esivakashini esikhudwini esivamile. Inkosi eliyi, itshe eliwuzwe emhlabeni wonke.
ISigodlo SaseTopkapi, e - Istanbul, eTurkey
ITopkapi Palace iwumklamo wokwakha isakhiwo samandla e-Ottoman Empire nemvelo yayo ehlukene. Ngokungafani nomthetho, ukuma kwesakhiwo esiphezulu esiphezulu esiphezulu, i-Topkapi isakhiwo esingokwemvelo, sakhiwe ngokuxubile, sakhiwe ezindaweni ezibukweni zeBosphorus. Umklamo wayo i-hoicalcal, usuka emphakathini, amagceke angaphandle angokomkhosi atholakalayo kubaphathi, angaphandle, ahlotshiswe nge-odwa, ubungcwele obungaphakathi bendlu yamakhosi, obungasese ye-palem nezindlu zangasese. Isakhiwo siyisixube ingxube yamaSulumane, ama-Byzantium, adwebe i-ethayi, ama-eatmos, nemigodi enzile edumile. I-Banke, isikhanyiso, isihemu esihlo esibukwayo nge-Izkik, sibukwane, isakhiwo sengcebo sezwe. Isakhiwo sasendulo sasendulo esigcwele i-udedebe.
IHampton Court Palace, eNgilandi
IHampton Court Palace iyincwadi eyingqayizivele yomlando wezakhiwo zesiNgisi, inikeza ukulandisa okungokoqobo kophahla lweTudor noStuart. Ekuqaleni kwakhiwa uKhadinali Wolsey, watholwa nguHenry VIII, owayiguqula yaba isigodlo esihle kakhulu saseTudor. Isigodlo esivundile, i-redrick Tudor, nezingxenye zaso ezinkulu, nesakhiwo sazo esikhulu, iHholo la Great , nendlu yaso enophahla lwesandolo, kanye nendlu yaso ebhandekile, ibonise ukubusa komuntu siqu nenkundla yemidlalo yenkantolo yaseTudor. Isigodlo sigcwele izindawo ezisebenzayo eziklanyelwe indlu enkulu, ejikelezayo. Kamuva, iSir Christopher Wren wanezela iphiko elikhulu le-o elimangalisayo likaWilliam noMary II. Leliphilo elisha, eliva eline leNkadeli leNkadensi yenkantolo enkulu nende yombuso yaseYurophu, imelele isakhiwo sezwe lonke lesibhishoshoshoshoshoshoshosho ebanzi.
ISigodlo SaseTopkapi, e - Istanbul, eTurkey
ITopkapi Palace iwumklamo wokwakha isakhiwo samandla e-Ottoman Empire nemvelo yayo ehlukene. Ngokungafani nomthetho, ukuma kwesakhiwo esiphezulu esiphezulu esiphezulu, i-Topkapi isakhiwo esingokwemvelo, sakhiwe ngokuxubile, sakhiwe ezindaweni ezibukweni zeBosphorus. Umklamo wayo i-hoicalcal, usuka emphakathini, amagceke angaphandle angokomkhosi atholakalayo kubaphathi, angaphandle, ahlotshiswe nge-odwa, ubungcwele obungaphakathi bendlu yamakhosi, obungasese ye-palem nezindlu zangasese. Isakhiwo siyisixube ingxube yamaSulumane, ama-Byzantium, adwebe i-ethayi, ama-eatmos, nemigodi enzile edumile. I-Banke, isikhanyiso, isihemu esihlo esibukwayo nge-Izkik, sibukwane, isakhiwo sengcebo sezwe. Isakhiwo sasendulo sasendulo esigcwele i-udedebe.
Ukulondoloza Nokuziphakamisa Kwanamuhla: Ukusuka Ekhaya Langasese Kuya Efeni Lomphakathi
Amakhulu angamashumi amabili namashumi amabili namashumi amabili aye abona ushintsho oluyinhloko lwendima yokuhlala kwasebukhosini. Abaningi, njengeSigodlo sasebukhosini eTokyo noma eBuckingham Palace, bahlala besetshenziswa ngentshiseko njengamakhaya angokomthetho amakhosi abusayo. Nokho, baye bafaka kakhulu amandla abo ezombangazwe kuhulumeni abakhethwe ngokwedemokhrasi, ukuba babe yimikhosi, ukuhlelwa kwezindawo zokuhlala, nezindawo zefa. Izindawo eziningi zenkosi ezingokomlando manje zivulekele umphakathi njengeminyuziyali, inzuzo yezezokuvakasha futhi zisebenza njengeziciko lesizwe. Izinhlangano ezinjengezindawo ezisebenza ngokusebenza ([FLT: 0]] iziHlambu zamakhosi [[FLC:1] ezisezingeniss, izakhiwo zemvelo ezikhona kanye nezingamandla akhona, izifunda izakhiwo ze-UK njengendawo yase-London neHampton, iqoqo lezemfundo yezemfundo yezemfundo, futhi inselele lezemfundo yomphakathi. Izindawo eziphambili zisebenza ngokulingana nezinye izinhlangano ezingoko ezingokomlando, izinhlangano ezivamile, izinhlangano ezihlukene, izinhlangano zezindawo
Isiphetho
Izigodlo zezikhulu zingaphezulu kakhulu kwemizi emikhulu yamakhosi neyamakhosikazi. Ziyizincwadi ezingokomlando ezinzulu, ezakhiwe ngokucophelela ukuze zibonise izifiso zezombangazwe, izindinganiso zamasiko, namakhono obuchwepheshe esikhathi sazo. Kusukela ezinqabani zokuzivikela zeNkathi Ephakathi kuya ezindeni eziphambili zamakhosi aphakeme kanye neminyuziyamu yomphakathi yanamuhla, lezizakhiwo ziye zashintsha ngokuqhubekayo, zishiya uphawu olungenakucimekayo emlandweni wezakhiwo. Izakhiwo ezinkulu neziyinkimbinkimbi ziyingxoxo eqondile nemisebenzi enzima neyakhexilenezesikhathi esidlule, ezembula ubuhlobo obuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kombusi nabantu bakhe. Ukutadisha izakhiwo zazo kunikeza ibala eliyingqayizivele nelishukumisayo lokuqonda umlando. Lezizakhiwo aziqondisi nje umlando; zimi ngomlando; zimi, zithule, zithule, njengoba zithule, zikhona, ziveza ukuphakama nokwenyuka kombuso, ukuchuma kobuhle, nokuchuma kobuhle babantu, nokufuna inzuzo, futhi zinikeza izizukulwane eziphila kuwo.