I-Australia sekuyisikhathi eside iyingxenye ebalulekile ekuthunyelelweni komhlaba wonke kokulondoloza ukuthula, ikakhulukazi ePacific, kodwa futhi nakuwo wonke umhlaba. Kusukela ezindaweni zangemva kweMpi Yezwe II kuya ezimpini eziyinkimbinkimbi zekhulu lama-21, izisebenzi zase-Australia ziye zasebenza ngaphansi kweZizwe Ezihlangene, izindikimba zezifunda, namabutho ahlangene okuqinisa izimo ezintentengantengayo, ukuvikela izakhamuzi, nokusiza ekubuyiseleni kabusha izakhiwo ezisezifundeni ezisemgangathweni zokuthula. Iminikelo yokugcina ukuthula ye-Australia isekelwe esikweni esisebenzayo sobuholi obusebenzayo kanye nesibopho sokuhleleka ngokukhululekile kwezizwe zonke. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlola ngokuqhubekayo izindima zokugcina ukuthula zase-Australia, imikhankambisweni ePacific nangaphandle, imiphumela engoko ngokomthetho nengokokwakhelo, nezinselele okukhona ngaphambili.

Isizinda Esingokomlando Semizamo Yokugcina Ukuthula YeAustralia

Ingxenye engokomthetho ye-Australia ekugcineni ukuthula yaqala ngasekupheleni kwawo - 1940, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba uhlelo lokugcina ukuthula lweZizwe Ezihlangene lumiswe ngokugcwele. Ukuthunywa kwalo kokuqala kokuhlola okuhlukahlukene kwakungo 1947, lapho ababuki bezempi base-Australia bethunyelwa eKhomishini yeZizwe Ezihlangene e-Indonesia ukuze bengamele ukuqedwa komlilo phakathi kwamabutho amaDashi angaphansi kwezwe kanye nama-Indonesia. Lo msebenzi wabeka isisekelo somthetho wokuhlola ngokungakhethi nesivikelo sezakhamuzi.

Indima ephawulekayo yokuqala yokugcina ukuthula ye-Australia yaqala phakathi neMpi yaseKorean (1950-19953). Nakuba iKorea ivame ukuchazwa njengempi, izikhulu ze-Australia ezazisebenza ngaphansi koMyalo weZizwe Ezihlangene. Imikhumbi yasolwandle yase-Australia, izinsana, kanye nokusekelwa komoya kwadingeka kakhulu ekuvikeleni i-South Korea. Abangaphezu kuka-Australia abangu-17 000 bakhonza, futhi abangaphezu kuka-310 balahlekelwa ukuphila kwabo. Lo msebenzi wabeka isibonelo sokuzimisela kwe-Australia ukulwa nezikhali ze-astralia ukuze ihlanganise amabutho amasosha asebenza ngokubambisana.

Emashumini eminyaka alandela, abagcini-zoxolo base-Australia bafakwa emisebenzini eminingi ye-UN, kuhlanganise ne-United Nations Truce Supesion Organization (UNTTTO) eMpuma Ephakathi (kusukela ngo- 1956), lapho izikhulu ze-Australia zaqondisa khona ukunqamuka kwemililo phakathi kwe-Israel nomakhelwane bazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Australia yanikela eMhlanganweni wezizwe eNdiya nase-Pakistan (UNMGOP)[FLT], futhi kamuva kuthunyelwa eKhuprositeji, eNamibia, naseCambodia. Lokhu okuncane, izazi eziphambili, zasekela ulwazi lwe-Australia ekuqapheleni, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganisa, nokuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa nokuhlanganisa (untaxmos) okungokondla okubalulekile. [FLT]

Ngawo-1990, i-Australia yase ingumholi ophakathi ophethe ukuthula, owaqashelwa yiZizwe Ezihlangene ngokuzimisela kwayo ukuthatha izinkonzo eziphezulu ezinemithombo elinganiselwe. Ukuphela kweMpi Yomshoshaphansi kwavula amathuba amasha okuqinisekisa ukuthula okuqinile, futhi i-Australia ngokushesha yavela njengengxenye eyinhloko kokubili ePacific naphesheya.

Ukuthunywa Okukhulu Kokugcina Ukuthula EPacific

IPacific Islands iye yaba isici esiyinhloko senqubo yokugcina ukuthula e-Australia. Ukukhathalela ukuphepha, ukuzwelana nomlando wokuntengantenga kwezombangazwe emazweni amaningana eziqhingini kuye kwashukumisela iAustralia ukuba ihole, futhi ngokuvamile kuhlangene neNew Zealand kanye nabanye abantu abasebenza nabo, − ukubuyisela ukuthula nokuhleleka.

Bougainville Conflict (1990s-2005)

Enye yezinto ezivelele ezafezwa iAustralia ekugcineni ukuthula kwendawo kwakuyindima yayo ekuxazululeni impi yaseBougainville. Impi yombango eBougainville Island (ingxenye yePapua New Guinea) yaqubuka ekupheleni kwawo - 1980 ezimfuno zezokuzimela nokulawula imvelo ezihlobene nebhomu lePanguna. Ngasekuqaleni kwawo - 1990, lempi yabulala abantu abalinganiselwa ku - 15 000 futhi yaphazamisa kakhulu izomnotho nesisekelo sendawo.

I-Australia yasiza ekuthuleni inqubo eyafinyelela umvuthwandaba Isivumelwano sokuthula so-2001 . Izingqapheli zezempi zase-Australia, amaphoyisa, nabeluleki abangabushicileli besizwe bamiswa njengengxenye ye-Paace Monitoring Group (PMG) futhi kamuva i-United Nations Observers Mission eBougainville (UNMB). I-Australia yalungiselela iningi lezisebenzi nezimali, ukusebenza ngase-New Zealand, iFiji, ne-Vanuatus. Izithunywa zaphumelela ekuqondiseni i-trolicsss, zaqhuba ukugawula i-yakhi, futhi zasekela ukuqambaza i-manyu engu-2019 kwe-2019 ye-Bougconvilleerves ka-om ka-offant. Indima ye-Australia yadunyiselwa kakhulu ngenxa yokubekezela, ukuzwela kwempucuko, ukuzwela, ukulwa kwezindawo phakathi kwezizwe phakathi kwezizwe.

Solomon Islands – RAMI (2003-2017)

I- I-Regional Active Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI) yayiwumsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu nobanzi wokugcina ukuthula e-Australia ePacific. Ngemva kweminyaka yokulwa kwezinhlanga nokugumbuqelwa kombuso okwashiya uhulumeni weSolomon Islands lapho sekuzowa, i-Australia yahola i-mudvementes yasePacific ngo-2003 ngaphansi kwe-ulticasuces of the Pacific Islands Forum. Igunya le-RAMSI lalibanzi: ukubuyisela umthetho nokuhleleka, ukuvuselela izinhlangano zikahulumeni, ukuvikela umnotho, nokunciphisa usongo lwezikhali.

AmaButho ase-Australia anikeza i-RAMSI umgogodla wezempi, kuhlanganise neqembu eliqinile elingu-2 200 ngesikhathi sokuthunyelwa. Lo msebenzi washeshe walungisa inhloko - dolobha, iHoniara, futhi wasiza ekunqandeni amaqembu alwayo. Eminyakeni engu - 14 eyalandela, i-RAMSI yasuka ekungeneleni okuwenzelwe ukuvikela yaya kumzamo wesikhathi eside wokwakha. Amaphoyisa ase-Australia aqeqesha iRoyal Islands Police Force, kuyilapho ochwepheshe bethuthukisa i-jajiniary nezokuphatha izimali zomphakathi. I-RAMSI yabhekwa njengempumelelo kabanzi: ngesiphetho sayo ngo-2017, iSolomon Islands yayisizwa isikhathi esingaphezu kweshumi elinamacala amaningi, ihlelwe ngesihle, futhi inkohlakalo inciphe. Nokho, izinselele zaqhubeka, kuhlanganise nokuntengantenga yezombangazwe ne-politiki.

IVanuatu, IFiji, Nezinye Iminikelo Yesifunda

Abagcini-zomthetho abalawula ukuthula base-Australia baye basebenza nakwamanye amazwe ase-Pacific, ngokuvamile besabela ezinhlekeleleni zemvelo noma ezinkingeni zezombangazwe. E-Vanuatu, izisebenzi zase-Australia ziye zasekela imisebenzi yokusabela enhlekeleleni, njengangemva kwe-Sriver Pam ngo- 2015, zinikeza usizo olunenselele lwempi nezenhlalakahle. EFiji, ngemva kokuthathwa kwempi ngo 2006, i-Australia yabeka izijeziso kodwa futhi yalondoloza ukugcinwa kokuthula kwesifunda ngokunikela United Nations Peacebing Force eCy , lapho amabutho aseFiji nase-Australia ayesebenza khona njalo ngapha nangapha nangapha nangaphana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Australia iye yanikeza amaphoyisa nabaqeqeqeshi bempi ku-New Guinea, Timor - Leste, kanye nezinye iziqithi ezimbalwa njengengxenye zezinhlelo zokubambisana ezindekileyo ezindebeni.

Iminikelo Ngalé KwePacific

Nakuba iPacific iyindawo engokwemvelo egxile kuyo, iAustralia iye yabonisa ukuzimisela kwayo ekulondolozeni ukuthula kwembulunga yonke ngokuthumela amabutho kwezinye zezindawo ezinezinkathazo kakhulu e - Afrika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, nase - Asia.

IMpumalanga Timor (1999-2002)

Ukungenela e-East Timor (manje eyi-Lestelve) kugujwa njengobungcweti bokugcinwa kokuthula kwe-Australia. Ngemva konyaka ka-1999 wokuzimela ngokwawo okwaphumela ekuvotiweni kwe-Indonesia, amabutho e-pro-Indonesia aqala umkhankaso wobudlova nomonakalo. IZizwe ezihlangene zagunyaza ibutho lezizwe zonke, i-ETERFET (International Force for East Timor), ihor, iholwa yi-Australia. Amabutho angaphezu kuka-5,5,5,5,5,5,000 ase-Australia abekwa eceleni kwamabutho amabutho asuka kwamanye amazwe angu-2, kuhlanganise ne-New Zealand, i-New Zealand, i-Unicast, ne-Thailand.

Amabutho ase-Australia abuyisela ukuhleleka, avikela imisebenzi yokusiza abantu, futhi aqondisa ukushintshela kuhulumeni wenguquko we-UN. Impumelelo ye-InteFET yavulela indlela u-Timor-Leste ozimele ngo-2002. Nokho, kwavela ukugxeka okuthile: ukubambezeleka kokuqala kokungenela kwaholela ekulahlekelweni ukuphila okungadingekile, futhi imisebenzi eyalandela i-UN yalwa nokwakhiwa kwesikhundla esithile. Noma kunjalo, i-East Timor isalokhu iyisibonelo esinamandla sokugcinwa kokuthula kwesifunda.

ISudan neNingizimu Sudan

I-Australia iye yanikela ngezisebenzi zezempi namaphoyisa eZizweni ezihlangene eSudan nase-South Sudan kusukela ngo-2005. IMishoni yeZizwe ezihlangene eSudan (UNMIS) futhi kamuva iZizwe Ezihlangene Zisebenza njengezazi zempi yangaphakathi eSouth Sudan (UNUNCISS) [ize] zibe phakathi kwemisebenzi enzima kakhulu yokugcina ukuthula ngenxa yokuqhubeka kwempi yangaphakathi, ukuhlukana kwezombangazwe, nezinhlekelele ezinkulu zezenhlalakahle. Izikhulu ze-Australia zasebenza njengezibukeli zempi, abaqeqeshi, nabaphathi bezokuxhumana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iAustralia Defence Force Force Force and ogentians yasiza izinhlangano nokusekela usizo oluwusizo. I-Australia yayinempatho emananini ambalwa kakhulu (inani eliphakathi kwezisebenzi ezingamashumi amashumi amahlanu).

I - Afghanistan, iMpumalanga Ephakathi neCambodia

Ukuhileleka kwe-Australia e-Afghanistan (2001-2021) kwakungewona umsebenzi ongokwesiko wokugcina ukuthula kodwa kwakuwumsebenzi wokwakha i-apply kanye nokulungisa ngaphansi kwe-NATO’s International Security Active Force (ISAF) futhi kamuva iResolise Service Studies Mission. AmaButho akhethekile, abaqeqeshi, kanye nokusekela izisebenzi ezisebenza ne-Afghghan National Defence and Security Mands ukuze zakhe isikhundla. Nakuba lo msebenzi waphumelela ekululazeni al-Qada futhi wasekela uhulumeni we-Afghanistan amashumi amabili eminyaka, ukuhoxa kokugcina ukuhoxa ngo-201 kanye nokunqoba kwe-Taliban kwaphakamisa imibuzo ephathelene nokusekela isikhathi eside.

EMpumalanga Ephakathi, i-Australia iye yahlanganyela emisebenzini yokugcina ukuthula ye-UN enjenge-Golan Heights UKUFUNDELWA [i-Israel-Lebanon ukuhlolwa komngcele] ne-United Nations Disengagement Observer Forcendment (UNDOF) eGolan Heights. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izisebenzi zase-Australia zakhonza e- iGunya lobuzwe leZizwe eCambodia (UNTAC)[FLT] ngo-12010] ngo-1901, zisiza ukwengamela ukunqandwa kwemiko nakukhetha ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka yempi yombano. E-Australia yanikela ukuvikelwa kwezenzo ze-UN kunyaka wokuqala ye-19909, nakuba kwakuphawulwe ukuthunywa kwe-Moxiden.[FU.[5]

Umphumela Nokubaluleka Kwawo

Iminikelo yokugcina ukuthula yase-Australia iye yaba nethonya elikhulu kuzo zombili izindawo lapho zazisebenza khona kanye nase-Australia. E-Pacific, imisebenzi e-Australia ehamba phambili njenge RAMSI kanye nenqubo yokuthula iBougainville iye yasindisa ngokuqondile ukuphila, amasosha akhuculisiwe, futhi yadala izimo zokubusa kwentando yeningi. Lempumelelo iye yaqinisa indima ye-Australia njengomgcini wezokuphepha oyinhloko esifundeni .

Ngaphandle kwemiphumela yokulondeka okusheshayo, ukugcinwa kobunsuphe base-Australia kuye kwakhuthaza ukuhlangana okuqinile kwezokuthula futhi kwakha ukuthembana nezizwe ezikanye. Imisebenzi ehlangene ne-New Zealand, i-Papua New Guinea, iFiji, nezinye izifunda ze-Pacific ziye zaqinisa izakhiwo zesifunda zezokuphepha futhi zathuthukisa ukubambisana. Empini namaphoyisa ase-Australia, ukugcinwa kokuthula kunikeza okuhlangenwe nakho okubalulekile ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi, kuhlanganise nokubambisana komphakathi, kanye namakhono okuxhumana adluliselwa kwezinye izindawo.

I-Australia futhi iye yanezela ekuziphendukeleni kwemfundiso yokugcina ukuthula. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwayo eMpumalanga Timor kwasiza ekuthuthukiseni umthetho wokugcinwa kokuthula oqinile, lapho abagcini bokuthula begunyazwe khona ukusebenzisa amandla ukuze bavikele izakhamuzi futhi balondoloze ukulondeka. Iminikelo yase-Australia ezikhungweni zokuqeqeshela ukuthula ze-UN, njenge- Australian Defence Force Peacebivation and Statabilitys Centre[[[FLM:1]], iye yasiza ekuthuthukiseni abagcini boxolo bezwe lase-Asia-Pacificificity.

Izinselele Nombono Wesikhathi Esizayo

Naphezu kwempumelelo yayo, i-Australia ibhekene nezinselele eziningi ezinkulu. Okokuqala, isimo sengxabano siye sashintsha kakhulu. Abagcini bokuthula banamuhla basebenza endaweni lapho kungekho kuthula okungagcinwa khona, njengaseNingizimu Sudan, iMali, neCentral African Republic. Abadlali abangamele bamazwe, ubuphekula, kanye nezintambo ezifihlwayo phakathi kwamasosha nezakhamuzi ezigcina ukuthula ngokwesiko kungaphumeleli. I-Australia kumelwe ivumelanise ukuqeqeshwa kwayo, imishini, nemithetho yokuvumelana nalezi zenzakalo.

Okwesibili, imingcele yemithombo yezincwadi inzima kakhulu. I-Australian Defence Force incane kakhulu (cishe izisebenzi ezingu-60 000 ezivamile) futhi ikwenezelwa phakathi kwezibopho eziningi: ukunqanda impi ePacific, ukuqhubekela phambili ekuthunyelweni eMpumalanga Ephakathi, i-AUKUS, nokusabela ngenhlekelele yasekhaya. Ukusekela izindawo ezinkulu zokugcinwa kokuthula ezithatha inkathi ende kunzima ngaphandle kokuhlehlisa ezinye izinto ezibalulekile. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Australia iye yagxila kakhulu ekunikezeleni okuncane, okungochwepheshe bezempi (hwzzzzzzz izingqapheli, abaqeqeqeshi, namaphoyisa (i-rathernjtersssssss.)

Okwesithathu, ukunkimbinkimbi kwezombangazwe kuyakhula. EPacific, kunokumelana okukhulayo kokuba khona kwezempi kwamanye amazwe kwamanye amazwe kwamanye amazwe, eqhutshwa umzwelo wesizwe nethonya leChina. I-Australia kumelwe isebenzise lemisebenzi ngokunakekela, iqinisekisa ukuthi izicelo zokulondoloza ukuthula zivela kohulumeni abasemthethweni futhi zisekelwa abantu bendawo. Ngokufanayo, emikhankasweni yembulunga yonke, i-Australia kumelwe ilinganisele izibopho zayo ezibophanayo eUnited States kanye neminikelo yayo ezimele e - UN.

Ukubheka phambili, icebo le-Australia lokugcina ukuthula cishe liyovela ngezindlela eziningana eziyinhloko. I-Australian International Development Policy igcizelela ukuqina kokwakha nokuvimbela izingxabano ngaphambi kokuba iqhume. Lokhu kusho ukutshala imali ezimisweni zokuxwayisa, ukubophana komphakathi, nosizo lwentuthuko kunokuzilinda izinhlekelele ukuze zifune ukungenela kwempi. EPacific, e-Australia kujulisa ukuqeqeshwa kwayo nokubambisana kwamaphoyisa asolwandle namabutho ezempi, kuhloselwe ukwenza ukuba kube khona ukusabela komngane ezimpini esikhathini esizayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhula kokungalondeki nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu njengoba abashayeli bokuntengantenga bezophoqelela i-Australia ukuba iphinde ibheke ukuthi kusho ukuthini "ukugcina ukuthula". Izinhlekelele ezihlobene nesimo sezulu zingabangela izingxabano zempahla nokusheshiswa kwabantu; i-Australia kakade ihlela impi yayo ukuze isize ekusizeni abantu abadinga usizo. Ku-inthaneti, i-Australia inganikela ekuthunyweni kwe-UN ngokusiza ekuhloleni ukunqanda ukuhlazeka kwe-tekthrio noma ekuvikeleni ukuthembeka kokhetho oludinga amandla amasha nezimiso ezingokomthetho.

Ekugcineni, i-Australia isazimisele ekulondolozeni ukuthula okuhlukahlukene. Ngo-2024, uNdunankulu uAnthony Albane waqinisekisa ukusekela kwe-Australia ukugcinwa kokuthula kweZizwe Ezihlangene ukulondoloza uhlelo lwenguquko [, okudinga ukusheshisa okwengeziwe, ukuhlanganisa, nokuthunywa kwabesilisa nabesifazane. I-Australia iye yaba ummeli onamandla wokwandisa inani labesifazane abagcina izindima zokuthula, kokubili njengendaba yokuphumelela nokusetshenziswa kabi ngokobulili.

Ngamafuphi, iminikelo ye-Australia yokugcina ukuthula ePacific nangalé iye yaba mikhulu, yaphumelela, futhi yavumelana kakhulu nezithakazelo zayo zesizwe. Kusukela emahlathini aseBougainville kuya ezingwadule zaseNingizimu Sudan, abagcini bokuthula base-Australia baye babonisa ubungcweti, uzwela, nokuzinza. Nokho, ikusasa liyofuna ukuvumelana: ukufinyelela kobuhlakani, ukusondelana, nokuhlangana okukhulu nokuthula kanye nokuthuthukisa. I-Australia isesimweni esihle sokuqhubeka ihola, kodwa uma ifaka izimali kubantu, kwezobuchwepheshe, nezimiso ezisiza ekulondolozeni ukuthula kwanamuhla.