Ukuqonda Imfundo Yasendaweni Kuyisimiso Semfundo

Izimiso zemfundo zendawo zihlanganisa imithetho, imithetho, neziqondiso ezimiswe amabhodi esikole, abaphathi besifunda, nohulumeni bamasipala. Lezizimiso zichaza indlela izikole ezinikezela ngayo imithombo yemali, eziqasha futhi zilinganise othisha, zikhetha izifundo zesikole, zisebenzisa izinqumo, futhi zisebenzela imikhaya. Ngokungafani nemithetho kahulumeni noma kahulumeni, izimiso zendawo zihloselwe ukuhlanganisa inani elithile labantu, izimo zezomnotho, kanye nezinto eziphambili zomphakathi. Ithonya lazo ekuhlolweni kwemithola imithombo yemali liqondiswe ngqo ($) ngemali yezinhlelo zokufundisa nokuhlola izinhlelo zesikole, futhi zingasetshenziswa yikho konke ukuphumelela kwezemfundo. Ngokwesibonelo, inqubo efuna ukunakekelwa okuncane kwesigaba esithile nokwenyuka kwempumelelo, kuyilapho isimiso sokusetshenziswa kwabafundi kwezobuchwepheshe siphazamisa ukuhlola kwanamuhla. Ukuqonda la masu abafundisi, abaphathi bezemfundo, abathuthukisa izinhlelo zezemfundo.

I-Pimoline-ekuqashelwayo

Ukuhlobana phakathi kwezimiso zemfundo yendawo kanye nezilinganiso zabafundi akuvamile ukuthatha isikhathi noma kulandelana. Imithetho ihlela izimo lapho ukufundisa nokufunda kwenzeka khona, futhi lezo zimo ekugcineni zithonya izinga lokusebenza. Ukuhlolwa kwamanani kusebenza njengesibopho esiyinhloko sokulandisa, esisetshenziswa yizifundazwe nayizifunda, ukusekela izikole, ukuxhasa imali, ngisho nokunquma izinqumo zokuvala isikole. Ngakho, izimiso zendawo ezithinta ngokuqondile noma ngokungaqondile isikhathi sokuhlola, isikhathi sokufundisa, noma inhlalakahle yabafundi ingadala izigaba ezingcono ezidlalwayo. Ukuqonda lombhobho, kuwusizo ukuhlola izikhundla eziningana zezinqumo eziyisisekelo zesikole.

Ukuchitha Imali Nemithombo Yezinto

Ukuxhasa imali kuyindlela elandelwa kakhulu yemfundo yendawo. Izigodi zinquma indlela yokwaba ngayo isifundazwe nentela yendawo phakathi kwezikole, ngokuvamile kuphumela ekusebenziseni kakhulu ukuhlukahluka kwezindawo ngisho nasendaweni eyodwa. Ukucwaninga nge- iVek ne-National Bureaurage of Economic Research [Izikole zezezimali] kubonisa ukuthi imali esetshenziswa ezintweni zokufundisa ezilinganayo, izakhiwo zanamuhla, nezincwadi ezithuthukisiwe ezinamagebe ngezibalo eziphezulu zezibalo nezokufunda. Isibonelo, isifunda esihlela imali eyengeziwe yokufunda izikole zokufunda eziphambili zezikole zokuqala zokuqala, esingavala imiphumela enqunyiweyo, ephakamisa ngokuqondile imiphumela engoko yokuhlola esikhathini esizayo. Ngokuhlukile, ukubheka izinhlelo zomculo, izinhlelo eziphambili, izinhlelo ezihlelelwe kakhulu, izinhlelo ezihambisana nokuhlola, inselele, inselele, izindleko ezikhokhelwa ngokuncishiswa kakhulu, ngokuncishiswa kakhulu, ngokusetshenziswa kwentela, ngokuncitshiswa kwezenyuka kwezenyuka kwezemfundo, intela, intela, izifunda yezifundo, izifunda ye

Ukufaneleka Kothisha Nentuthuko Engochwepheshe

Ukufundisa okusebenzayo kuyisici esisodwa esibaluleke kakhulu ekuthonyeni impumelelo yabafundi. Izimiso zendawo ezilawula ukuqashwa kothisha, ukugunyazwa, ukuhlolwa, nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kunezimo eziqinile ezikhona. Izifunda ezifaka inzuzo ezisekelwe kubufakazi, isikhathi sokuhlela, kanye nezindawo zokusebenzela ezisemqoka zibona inzuzo, ikakhulukazi ezikoleni eziphambili. Ngokungafani, izimiso ezincikekile ekuhlolweni okulinganiselwe okusekelwe ekuhlolweni okungasheki kakhulu zingadala izisusa eziphambene, njengokufundisa ukuvivinya noma ukugwema okuntulayo. [[FLT:] [FL:] [0] Brookingss Istiontion [FLT] ezikoleni ezifundisayo. ziqokome ukuthi ukuhlola okunenzuzo kanye namathuba angokwentuthuko kakhulu kunokukhula okunenzuzo kungcono kakhulu kunezimiso ezisetshenziswayo, futhi kuthuthukisa izimiso ezingcono ezingezi zezenyunyana eziyishumi.

Imfundo Nezindinganiso Zokufundisa

Izimiso zendawo zohlelo lwezifundo zinquma ukuthi yiziphi izindlela zokufunda, imithombo yezesayensi ezithathwayo, futhi iziphi izindlela zobuchwepheshe. Izifundo ezigunyaza imfundo yemfundo yezwe nezindinganiso zikahulumeni, kanye namafomethi akhethekile okuhlolwa okuvamile, athonye ngokuqondile amathonya ahlukahlukene. Isifunda esithatha uhlelo lokufunda oluhlelwe kahle olusekelwe kuyisayensi yokufunda cishe siyobona ukuthuthukiswa kokuqonda okungokolwazi lwezwe. Ngokufanayo, izimiso ezigunyaza ukufundiswa okucacile kwenkinga yezibalo ngamasu akhona zingaqinisa ukusebenza kwezinto eziyinkimbinkimbi. Nokho, izinqumo zezifundo ngokuvamile zihlelwa ngokwezici ezikhona, ngenkulumo egxekayo yohlanga noma imfundo ebanzi. Uma amabhodi ehlela imingcele engokokuhlola noma ukufundiswa kobandlululo, ukuchashwa kwemiqondo eliqinile, ukuncishiswa kwemiqondo. Ubufakazi obuvela ku-FOLD [FFols] [F] [F]

Ibanga Lekilasi Nokusekela Kwabafundi

Izimiso zokunciphisa amakilasi, nakuba zibiza kakhulu, ziye zahlotshaniswa nokuthuthukisa amamaki, ikakhulukazi amamaki asemabangeni akuqala nabafundi abavela emazingeni aphansi. Amakilasi amancane avumela othisha ukuba bahlukanise, banikeze ukuzwa ngokushesha, futhi baphawule amagebe okufunda ngokushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimiso zendawo ezixhasa ukukhokha ukufundisa, ukululeka, ukunikeza izinhlelo zesikole, futhi izinkonzo zezengqondo ziqinisa ikhono labafundi lokugxilisa futhi benze ukuhlolwa. Isibonelo, isifunda esinikeza umsebenzi wesikole wesikole wasekhaya ngesihle, sinikeza usizo olusheshayo, futhi sinyuse isilinganiso samanani anele. Ngokuphikisana nalokho, izimiso ezinciphisa izikhundla zezeluleko zokwelulekayo noma imfundo ekhethekile zingashiya abafundi bengena indawo yokuhlala edingekayo, bengenandawo yokuhlala, becindezela imiphumela yabo yokuhlola. Imiphumela yobunzima phakathi kwemisebenzi yobuhlobo kanye nokuhlangana kwesikole ivame ukubunga kahle ngenxa yokuhlangana kwezikhathi zesikole.

Ithonya Elihle Lomthetho Eliningi Ekuvivinyweni

Lapho izimiso zemfundo zendawo zihlelwa kahle futhi zixhaswe ngokwanele, ziveza intuthuko engenakulinganiswa ekuphumeleleni kwabafundi. Imiphumela elandelayo iye yafakazelwa ekucwaningeni nasekusebenziseni:

  • I-Pricio eqinisekiswe ukufinyelela kwizinto zokufundisa ezisezingeni eliphezulu: i-Pricies eqinisekisa umfundi ngamunye ukuba unezincwadi ezizosebenza ngokulinganayo, imishini yobuchwepheshe, kanye nolwembu lwe-inthanethi oluthembekile lunciphisa isigaba sezibalo futhi lulinganise indawo yokudlala ukuze alungiselele ukuhlola.
  • Ukuqeqesha uthisha nokuzigcina: amagodi anezinhlelo eziqinile zothisha abasha nezinhlangano zemfundo eziqhubekayo zibona ukuphumelela kokufunda okuphansi nokuphezulu, ikakhulukazi ezifundweni ezivivinjelwe njengezibalo nobuciko bolimi lwesiNgisi.
  • Isigaba sesigaba esincane esinikeza ukunakekela okungako komuntu siqu: Izithunzi zabafundi abahlanu kuya kwabayisikhombisa ekilasini ngalinye enkulisa kuya ebangeni lesithathu ziye zahlotshaniswa nokufunda amamaki enani anyukela enyangeni ezimbalwa zokufunda okwengeziwe.
  • Ukugcwalisa izinhlelo zobufakazi: Uma amabhodi endawo amukela izinhlelo ezinesisekelo sokucwaninga esiqinile − njengemfundo yokufunda ye-phonics noma izibalo ezisekelwe nenkinga(izibalo) kuphakama ngokushesha kakhulu kunezinto ezijwayelekile noma ezingahlolwanga.
  • Ukusetshenziswa kokulinganisa okufinyelelwe: Imithetho efuna othisha ukuba banikeze izinqumo ezimfushane, eziphansi futhi basebenzise ukwaziswa ekulungiseni imfundo kuye kwaboniswa ekuthuthukiseni imitapo yokuhlola okufingqiwe ngeminyaka ngaphandle kokukhathazeka okukhudlwana.

Imiphumela Emibi Nemibono Engafani

Naphezu kwekhono lazo, izimiso zemfundo yendawo zingaba nengxenye futhi ekulinganiseni noma ekulimazeni. Izimiso eziklanywe ngokungemthetho, noma lezo ezisetshenziswa ngaphandle kwemithombo eyanele, ngokuvamile eziveza igebe lokuphumelela kunokuba zivale. Izinkinga eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

  • Izimali ezilinganayo eziholela ekuhlukaneni kwezifunda: Izimiso zokuxhasa ngempahla zidala umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwemali esetshenziswa phakathi kwemiphakathi yabacebile nabathola imali ephansi. Le mitapo iguqula umehluko oqondile emibhalweni yokuhlola, nabafundi ezifundeni ezicebile bebenza ontanga babo abampofu ngokungaguquki.
  • Ukubekwa phambili ekuhlolweni okuvamile: Uma izimiso zendawo zihlanganisa imiphumela ephezulu − njengokukhushulwa kwebanga, amabhonasi othisha, noma ukuvalwa kwesikole (ukuhlola amamaki ohlelo, izikole ezivale izifundo, ukunciphisa imfundo ezifundweni ezingakahlolwanga, futhi ungaze ngisho uhileleke emikhubeni engafanele njengokukhohlisa noma ukusunduza abafundi abasebenza phansi.
  • Izinguquko ezibangelwa ukuntuleka komfakela womphakathi: Imithetho ephezulu evela emabhodini esikole noma emahhovisi aphakathi angayinaki imibono yothisha nomzali ngokuvamile ahluleka ukubhekana nezimbangela eziyisisekelo zokuphumelela okuphansi. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo olufuna amakilasi agunyaziwe angaphambi kwesikole lungaletha ishwa uma lunganaki ukuthi abafundi badinga izibopho zokuhamba noma umsebenzi.
  • Izinguquko zesikhathi esinqunyiwe ngaphandle kokuhlela isikhathi eside: Izifunda zivame ukusebenzisa izinhlelo zomshayeli noma ukunikeza izinyathelo ezithatha isinyathelo eziveza impumelelo yokuqala kodwa zinyamalale uma imali iphela, zibangela ukuphazamiseka nokwenqandwa kwentuthuko eqhubekayo.
  • Imiphumela eguquguqukayo emaqenjini angaphansi asengozini: abafundi bolimi lwesiNgisi, abafundi abakhubazekile, kanye nabambalwa abangokohlanga ngokuvamile babhekana nobunzima bezimiso eziqinile ezingavumelani nezidingo ezihlukene zokufunda. Ngokwesibonelo, isimiso sokuzigcina esisekelwe ekufundeni kwesithathu esingalimaza kakhulu abafundi abangakuxhasi ukufunda ekhaya.

Ukuhlolwa Kwecala Eqenjini Lenqubo

Izibonelo zezwe langempela zibonisa indlela izinqumo zezimiso ezihlukene eziholela ngayo ekutholeni amaphuzu ahlukene okuhlola.

Impumelelo: Umthetho Wemfundo WaseMassachusetts Wokushintsha Ngo - 1993

Massachusetts wamisa isimiso sendawo nesombuso esibanzi sokuthola imali eningi kakhulu ukuze isikole sixhaswe kakhulu, siphakanyiswe izindinganiso zothisha, futhi sasungula i-Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS). Izifunda zikahulumeni zabona intuthuko enkulu emabhukwini e-NAEP eshumini leminyaka elilandelayo, ikakhulukazi ezibaloni zasesikoleni esiphakathi. Izimiso zesikhathi eside zokusekela imali ehleliwe kanye nokulandisa kobuchwepheshe zinconywa ngokuba iMassachusetts abe umholi wesizwe ekufezeni kwezwe. INhlangano ye-RGrandhead’ssss [[FLT:] yabonisa izivumelwano zemfundo zasesikoleni. Imithetho ehlanganisa izindinganiso, ukuhlola, ukusekela umsebenzi ongcono kakhulu.

Imiphumela Exutshiwe: INkathi Yempucuko YaseChicago Ngo - 2010

Izikole ze-Chicago Public School zasungula inkambiso yokuvala izikole eziphansi nokuzivula kabusha njengezikole zomthetho noma zesivumelwano. Nakuba ezinye izikole ezintsha zifaka amamaki aphezulu okuhlola, inzuzo yesifunda iyonke yayiyisilinganiso esiphansi. Izikole eziningi ezivalekile zazisezindaweni ezigcwele amaBlack ne Latino, futhi abafundi abafuduki babevame ukuphelela ezikoleni ezazingenanzuzo kunalezo ababezishiye. Lokhu kuqokomisa ukuthi ushintsho lwenqubo ephazamisayo, ngisho nalapho behlome kahle, lungaba nemiphumela elinganisweni yovivinyo phakathi kwemiphakathi yabafundi.

Isikhangiso: Izindawo Eziphakeme Zigcina Ingqondo EFlorida Nase - Indiana

Izifundana eziningana nezifunda-zifunda ziye zathatha izinqubo ezifuna abafundi abahlulekayo ukufunda ikilasi lesithathu ukuze baphinde unyaka. Ukwaziswa kwakuqala eFlorida kwabonisa inzuzo yesikhashana yabafundi abahlala bekhona, kodwa kamuva ukucwaninga kwathola ukuthi lezo zinzuzo zinciphe esikoleni esiphakathi. E-Indiana, lenkambiso yahlotshaniswa nokwenyuka kwamazinga agciniwe aphakathi kwabafundi. Lezi zibonelo zigcizelela ukuthi izimiso ezisekelwe ekuhloleni ngaphandle kokusekela kwemfundo ebanzi nezenhlalo zingalimaza imiphumela emide.

Indima Yokuhlanganyela Komphakathi Nokuzibandakanya Nomphakathi

Isimiso semfundo sendawo asikho nhlobo. Uma amabhodi emfundo esikole, abafundisi-othisha, abaholi bebhizinisi bendawo, namaqembu abafundi bebambisana, izinqubo eziwumphumela zivame ukubhekana nezidingo zangempela kanye nokuthenga kakhulu. Ukuhlanganyela kwemikhuba eyandayo . Njengekubamba umphakathi ama-forum, ukuhlolwa, futhi ukwakha amakomiti omphakathi afundisayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho ibonisa intuthuko yomphakathi ngesikhathi esalokhu ikhona. Izifunda ezingakunaki ukufakwa komphakathi ngokuvamile zibhekene nempikiswano, inqubo enqanyukiswayo, nokusetshenziswa kwezimiso eziphansi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlolwa kwesikole kokuhlolwa kosuku kungase kwenqatshwe abazali abazazisa isikhathi somkhaya noma imisebenzi eyengeziwe. Ukuzinika izigelekezo zokusungula kungaholela ekuwongeni isikhathi esinjengesekukhuphule.

Ubufakazi obusekelwe kuma-v. ukwenziwa kwemithetho yezombangazwe

Ukucindezela phakathi kwemisebenzi kanye nenzuzo yezezombangazwe kuvame ukuthonya isimiso semfundo yendawo. Ukubekwa kwezimiso ezisekelwe kubufakazi kuxhomeke ekuhloleni okuqinile, izinhlelo zabashayeli, nokuhlaziywa kokwaziswa ukuze kuthole ukuthi yiziphi izinyathelo eziphakamisa amanani ahlukene. Nokho, ibhodi lesikole, ukucindezela kwezezithakazelo, izimpi zezemfundo, zingaphoqelela izifunda ezithile ngezimiso ezisekelwe ngokuphikwa okuncane. Okunjengokuvimbela izindlela zokufundisa ezithile zobuchwepheshe ezingakahlolwanga. Imisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe inikeza izinkonzo zezindawo zezindawo ezizimele ze-data ezizinziwayo, ngokusebenzisa izinqubo zeqembu lezifundo, ukuhlelwa kweqembu elincane lezingane, nokukhokhwaka kwemali okungahleleki okunga kahle kwezimiso zokufundisa eziphambili eziphambili, ukugwema ukuphumelela kwemisebenzi yokusiza izinhlelo zezemfundo eziphambili, ukugwema ukuphumelela kwezezehlakalo.

Ithonya Lesizwe NelaseHulumeni Embusweni Wendawo

Nakuba lesi sihloko sigxila ezimisweni zemfundo zendawo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi zisebenza phakathi kwesimiso sendawo esibanzi. Imithetho ye-Federal enjengethi All Scheevects Act (ESA) yamisa izimfuneko zokulandisa eziyehlelayo ekuhlolweni nasekubikweni kwendawo. Izishaya-mthetho zikahulumeni zivame ukugunyaza izimfuneko zohlelo lwezifundo, izimemezelo zokufundisa, nokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme, ukulinganisela iziqondiso zendawo. Kwezinye izimo, imithetho kahulumeni ingadlula noma ihloselwe ukuthatha izinyathelo zendawo. Ngokwesibonelo, isinqumo sikahulumeni sokwamukela iMigangatho kahulumeni ukuba ithathe izifunda eziningi ngokumelene nezifundo zazo kanye nezimiso zentuthuko, okuthi ngenxa yokuphumelela kokuhlola izibalo. Izimiso zendawo ziqonda ukuthi iziphi izindlela zombuso nezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zezindawo zomphakathi lapho kugcinwa izinhlelo zomphakathi.

Isiphetho

Izimiso zemfundo zendawo zinamandla okuvimbela abafundi abafundayo, zithonya yonke into kusukela endinganisweni yemfundo kuya ekutholakaleni kwezinkonzo zokusekela. Uma abenzi bezimiso besekela ukuxhasa okungalinganiyo, ukukhula kothisha, ubufakazi obusekelwe ezifundweni, nokubopha umphakathi, ukuhlola amaphuzu ahlukahlukene athambekele ekuthuthukiseni kuwo wonke amaqembu abafundi. Nokho, imithetho ebekwe phansi, ukukhubazeka, noma ukukhishwa kwemfundo yesikole kungaveza indlela engcono kakhulu yokuphumelela kwempumelelo yemfundo futhi kuveze imiphumela emibi engalindelekile. Ubufakazi busobala: akukho nqubo eyodwa yomlingo. Kunalokho, i-eprojective, futhi ihambisana nokusondela emniningo yolwazi neyamukelayo yendawo. Ngokuhlola ngokucophelela nokuhlola izinhlelo zemfundo yendawo, ingenza izimo ezingcono kakhulu kodwa futhi zingathuthukisa impumelelo enkulu kubafundi.