Isisekelo Sezimiso Zohulumeni Nesibopho Sokulandisa

Izimiso ezilungile kuhulumeni azisona nje isidingo esicatshangelwayo kodwa siwusizo ekusekeleni izinhlangano zentando yeningi nokwethenjwa umphakathi. Uma izakhamuzi zikholelwa ukuthi izikhulu zomphakathi zisebenza ngobuqotho, ukubonakala, nokulandisa, zisengozini kakhulu yokuhlanganyela ekuphileni komphakathi futhi zivumelane nemithetho. Ngokuphambene, lapho ukonakala kwezimiso kuyenzeka, izingxabano zesithakazelo, noma ukusebenzisa kabi amandla ezenhlalo phakathi kukahulumeni nomphakathi. Izivumelwano zezenhlalo ezibuswayo zilula. Izindlela eziklanyelwe ukuvimbela, ukuqaphela, nokulungisa lezo ziyisisekelo sezenzweni zentando yeningi. Phakathi kwezici ezibaluleke kakhulu zalezindlela zesimiso sobungameli, izindikimba zekhono zekhono zegatsha eliphetheyo nezinhlangano ezizimeleyo, zisebenza ngokuncintisana amandla, ziqinisekisa ukuthi amagatsha azimele noma izikhulu asebenza ngaphandle kwemisebenzi yazo. Inqubo yobuchwepheshe yobuchwepheshe embusweni yomthetho, ngokuvamile, ukuhlelwa kwezimiso zokusetshenziswa kwezimiso zezelulekwa kwezimiso zezelulekwa.

Umqondo wokwengamela umthetho usekelwe ekuhlukanisweni kwemfundiso yamagunya, esakaza igunya emagatsheni kahulumeni alinganayo ukuze kuvinjelwe noma yimuphi umuntu ukuba abe yinkosi. Ngokwesibonelo, e-United States, igunya lobuphathi boMkhandlu liboniswa eSigabeni I soMthetho-sisekelo, esinikeza igatsha lemithetho yokumisa amandla okwenza imithetho, izimali ezifanele, futhi lihlola izindaba zomphakathi. Leligunya liye lasetshenziswa kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zeRepublic, ngokuhlola okungokomthetho okwenzeka ngo1792 lapho iNdluyalo yabaphathi besizwe ihlola ukunqotshwa okuyinhlekelele kukaJenene u-Arthur St. UClair. Kusukela kungoko, amakomiti aqondisa aye aguqukela ezinkampanini eziphambili ngezisebenzi ezihlala njalo, amandla angaphansi, amandla okulalela, imibiko, imibiko, nemithetho yemithetho engokomthetho. Umsebenzi wawo ngokuqondile lapho izikhulu zikahulumeni ziveza ukunqotshwa kwezimiso zezimiso ezinhle, ukubusa kwemithetho, ukubusa.

Ukuchaza Indima Nobukhulu BeKomiti Yokuqondisa

Amakomiti aqondisayo ngokuvamile angamakomiti ahlala njalo phakathi kwendikimba yomthetho, njengeKomiti yendlu ePhakathi eHlazekile naseManikweni noma iSigele seNdlu Sezokuphepha ne-Rovement Affairs Committee. Amanye akhethekile noma akhetha amakomiti akhethekile esikhashana noma aklanywe ukuphenya izindaba ezithile ezikhathaza isizwe, njengeSigele Sokukhetha Ikomiti Yomkhankanyo Wobumongameli phakathi nenkathi yeManziwawa eManziwa nge-Watergate noma iKomiti Yokukhetha Indlu ekuhlaseleni. Noma isikhashana, la makomiti anezigunyaza ezivamile: ukubukeza imisebenzi yeminyango kahulumeni, izinhlangano, izikhulu ukuze aqinisekise ukugcinwa komthetho, ukuphumelela kwezimiso zomthetho, nokuthembeka ezingokokuziphatha.

Isilinganiso sobubonisi sibanzi. AmaKomiti ahlola indlela imithetho esetshenziswa ngayo, ukuthi izinhlelo zifeza ngayo imiphumela yazo ehlongozwayo, nokuthi izimali zabakhokhi bentela zisetshenziswa ngokufanele yini. Aphenya izinsolo zokulahlwa kwendle, ukukhwabanisa, ukuxhashazwa, nokungaphathi kahle, futhi atusa izenzo zokulungisa kusukela ekuqondiseni kwezezigebengu. Okubalulekile, amakomiti angamele afeza indima esemthethweni yendima esemthethweni. . . Ukuphila kwendikimba engaqaphileli ngokuqapha kungavimbela ukuziphatha okungahloniphekile ngokuphakamisa amathuba okungabanjwa kanye nemiphumela. Lomphumela ungaba namandla kakhulu, uma kunzima ukulinganisela, iminikelo yokuqondisa imithetho kahulumeni.

Izimiso zamakomiti aqondisa ziyahlukahluka ngokwezwe nangesimiso somthetho. Ezimisweni zephalamende, ukuqondisa kungasetshenziswa ngezikhathi zemibuzo, ukukhetha amakomiti, noma ukubusa okuzimele. Nokho, isimiso esiyisisekelo sihlala sifana: indikimba ezinikezele yabaphathi bemithetho, esekelwa izisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe, iqhubeka ihlola igatsha eliphethe ukuze igcine inecala emthethweni, uhlelo lwemali, nesithakazelo somphakathi. Lesimiso sihlanganiswe ezindinganisweni ezinhle zezizwe zonke zokubusa, kuhlanganise nalezo ezikhuthazwa yizinhlangano ezinjenge [FLT]] [OLD], okugcizelela indima yokwabelwa kwemithetho ekwakheni nasekwethembeni umphakathi.

Imfihlo yomtapo wamakomiti okuqondisa ngokwemininingwane

Igunya Lokuhlola Nokuthola Iqiniso

Isikhungo somsebenzi wekomiti yobubonisi amandla okuhlola. AmaKomiti angaphoqelela ukukhiqizwa kwamaphepha, ama-athopoena, futhi athathe ubufakazi obufunwe ngomlomo kofakazi. Leligunya libenza bakwazi ukuveza amaqiniso angahlala efihlekile ngenxa yelungelo lokuphatha, imfihlo yezinhlangano, noma i-ureaucatic inétria. Ukuzwa okuguquguqukayo ngokuvamile kuba indawo yomphakathi yokunaka, ikakhulukazi uma behilela izikhulu eziphezulu noma izimangalelo zokuziphatha okungathí sina. Umsebenzi we-Accenseve usebenza kokubili ukubheka emuva nangaphambili izinjongo zokubheka phambili: kuveza okwenzeka endabeni ethile futhi kuveza ukuthi inqubo edinga ukubhekiswa.

Ukuze ukuhlola kuphumelele, kumelwe kube okuphelele, okungekho ngxenye, futhi kube nezindlela zokuqondisa. Ukuhlola okungcono kakhulu yilokho okulandela ubufakazi obuthi buholelaphi, ngaphandle kokubheka ukuvumelana kwezombangazwe. Bathembela ekukhokheleni, ekuhloleni imibhalo, izingxoxo zobufakazi, kanye nobuchwepheshe obunezihloko. Imiphumela ihlanganiswa ngemibiko engafinyelela emakhulwini noma ngisho nasezinkulungwaneni zamakhasi, inikeza umbhalo oningiliziwe onikeza inqubo yomthetho nokwakheka kolwazi lomphakathi. I-Schemigiodiation ayilona ithuluzi lokunikeza i-arhente ngokwalo. I-acantigiery ayilona ithuluzi lokuhlanganisa nemininingwane efaka i-edictiveration kwi-molementment, kuhlanganise nokuqondisa umthetho, ukuqondisa, nokuqondisa, nokwahlulela kokhetho.

Ukubukeza Kokusebenzisa Imali Nokuzilanda Kwemali

Enye umsebenzi obalulekile wamakomiti aqondisayo ukubukezwa kwezindlela zokuhlela nokusebenzisa imali. Ngokuhlola indlela amakomiti ahlela futhi asebenzise ngayo imali yomphakathi, amakomiti angabona ukudina kwemali, imisebenzi engagunyaziwe, kanye nokungagunyazwa kahle. Lokhu kuqondisa okungokwezimali ngokuvamile kwenziwa ngenqubo yokuhlola, lapho amakomiti evumela noma enqaba ukuxhaswa kwezimali okusekelwe ekusebenzeni kwezinhlangano nasekuthotyelweni kwazo. Nokho, ngisho nangemva kokuba amakomiti ewenziwa, amakomiti angamele ayaqhubeka ehlola izindleko ezikhokhelweni, izindlebe, nemibiko evela kubahloli bezindaba, nakubaphathi bezindawo ezizimele.

Ukulandisa okungokwezimali kuhlobene kakhulu nezimiso zokuziphatha ngoba ngokuvamile ukungalungi kwezezimali kuyizimpawu zokuqala zokuhluleka okukhulu kwezimiso zokuziphatha. Ukungaphathi kahle kwezezombangazwe, ukungasetshenziswa kabi kwezimali ezingokomthetho, nezingxabano zesithakazelo ekutholeni inzuzo konke ukuphulwa kwezimiso okungokomthetho okumelwe amakomiti ababonisi athole ukukhomba okukhethekile. Ngokukhanyisa ukukhanya ekungaqondisini ngokwezimali, amakomiti athumela uphawu lokuthi imali yomphakathi ayiyona inzuzo yangasese futhi labo abayisebenzisayo kumelwe balandise ngazo zonke izimali. Lomthwalo wemfanelo wobusekela bukhoma uyitshe eliyinhloko lokubusa kwezimiso ezingokomthetho.

Ukuhlola Izimiso Nokutusa Izinguquko

Amakomiti aqondisayo awagcini nje ngokuziphatha okubi kwamaphoyisa; futhi ahlola ukuthi imithetho ekhona isebenza kanjani ngokwenjongo. Ngohlelo ukubukeza, imiphumela, nokunikeza inzuzo kubaqondisi, amakomiti ahlola ukuphumelela kwezindlela zikahulumeni futhi atuse izinguquko. Lo msebenzi wokuhlola ubalulekile ekulawuleni okuvumelanayo, lapho izinhlelo zicwengisiwe ngenxa yobufakazi kunokuqondisisa. Uma ukuqondisa kwembula ukuthi umthetho onezinhloso ezinhle uveze imiphumela engokokuziphatha engahleliwe, njengokuveza amathuba okuthola ukuqashwa kwemvume yokufuna noma ukudayisa ukukhanyaza kwe-$ibostees kungaveza izinguquko ezibheke ekuvaleni izikhala nokuqinisa.

Ukutusa kwamakomiti aqondisa inguquko ngokuvamile kuphelela emthetho omusha. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlola kweKomiti yeSigele iWatergate kwaholela ngokuqondile ekudluleni kwe-Ethics in Government Act ka- 1978, eyamisa ukuvunywa kwemithetho yezezimali okugunyaziwe, yadala iHhovisi Lemithetho Yemithetho Kahulumeni, futhi yabeka imingcele emsebenzini wangemva kukahulumeni wabaphathi bezikhulu. Ngokufanayo, ukuhlola kwe-Iran-Contatra kwaveza izinguquko ekuqondiseni imisebenzi eyimfihlo nemisebenzi yokuhlakanipha. Le miphumela yale komiti ibonisa indlela ikomiti engameleli esebenza ngayo njengemishini yemfundo yezemfundo yezemfundo, ihumushe izifundo zezehluleko zangemva kohulumeni zingene ezisemthethweni eziqinile.

Ukuqulwa Kwamacala Omphakathi Nokubona Ingaphandle

Enye yemisebenzi ebonakalayo kakhulu yamakomiti aqondisayo ukuqulwa kwamacala obala. La makhambi aveza izindaba zomphakathi obala, avumela umphakathi, imithombo yezindaba, nomphakathi ukuba ubone ukucushwa kwezikhulu zikahulumeni. Ukubona izinto ngako ngokwako kuyithonya elinamandla lezimiso zokuziphatha (5) uma amacala ehlolwa futhi egcwele, izikhulu ziyazi ukuthi izenzo zazo ziyokwahlulelwa obala. Ukubaluleka kwezendlebe akunakubekwa phezulu; ziyakuvala imisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi kahulumeni futhi zihlomise izakhamuzi ngokwaziswa ezidinga ukukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi.

Ukuqulwa kwezindlebe zomphakathi kusebenza futhi njengendawo yokushumayeza abacuphi bekhwelo nabanye abangaphakathi ukuba badlulisele ukwaziswa mayelana nobubi. Amakomiti avame ukuthola amacebiso ezisebenzi ezisaba ukuziphindisela phakathi kwezinhlangano zazo kodwa athemba ukuthi ukuzwa kwenhlangano kuzoba iqophelo elivikelekile lokudalula. Ukuba khona kwalomzila kuqinisa isisekelo sezimiso zezimiso zezimiso zokusebenza ngokudala enye indlela yokuziphendulela ngaphandle kwezinqubo zangaphakathi. Amakomiti asingatha ukukhononda kwabacuphayo ngokuthatha izikhala ngokungathi sína nangosizo lwenhlonipho ukuze akhuthaze isiko lobuqotho kuwo wonke uhulumeni.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: Ukuqondisa Njengenhloli Ekwehliseni Ugesi

I - Watergate Scantel Ne - Seagean Committee Ekhethayo

Ihlazo leWatergate lasekuqaleni kwawo-1970 liseyisibonelo esiqinisekile sendlela ikomiti ezimisele ukuqondisa engaguqula ngayo isigaba sesizwe futhi ibuyisele izindinganiso zokuziphatha. Lokho kwaqala njengesephulo endlunkulu yeDemocratic National Committee embonini ye-Watergate ekhucululwa njengendlela enkulu yokusebenzisa kabi amandla, kuhlanganise nokuqapha okungekho emthethweni, ukuvinjelwa kobulungisa, nokusetshenziswa kabi kwezinhlangano zikahulumeni ezihlonze izinjongo zezombangazwe. ISigebengu esikhetha iKomiti Yomzabalazo, ebekwa isihlalo yi-Senvilev, sabekwa uSamEr Ervin, waphatha izindlebe ze-tevics ezavala izwe futhi zembula ukujula kokuziphatha okubi.

Uphenyo lwekomiti lwavumbulula ukuthi kukhona isimiso somthetho-mthetho esiyimfihlo somgede weWhite House, okwaholela enkathazweni engaphezulu kwelungelo lokulawula. Lapho uMongameli uRichard Nixon enqaba ukukhulula amakhasethi, ikomiti nomshushisi okhethekile bathatha isinyathelo esingokomthetho esafika ekugcineni eNkantolo Ephakeme. i-United States v. iNixon yaqinisekisa ukuthi akekho umuntu, ngisho nomongameli, ongaphezulu komthetho. Ukubheka iziphakamiso ezisetyelwe eNdwini yabameli kanye nokukhululwa kwe-"tepi yesibhamu, uNixon wasula ngoAugust 1974. Uphengululo lwamanzi lwabonisa amandla okuphatha i-constigate ukuze ugcine ihhovisi eliphakeme kakhulu ezweni linecala futhi waholela ekulungiseni izimiso zokuziphatha okubusa kabusha kwe-America.

I- Inqolobane yama-National Archives ilondoloza amarekhodi amaningi okuhlola iWatergate, ibonisa ithonya elikhulu ikomiti eyodwa engalithola eqeshini lesizwe. Icala lasungula izenzakalo ezihlala njalo zegunya lophengululo, isivikelo sokufakaza, nesidingo sokubonakala egatsheni eliphethe.

I - Iran - Contra Affir Ne - Congressionic Invert

Ishumi leminyaka ngemva kwe-Watergate, elinye ihlazo lavivinya ukuvuselelwa kwezimiso zobubonisi. I-Iran-Contatra ihilela ukuthengiswa kwezikhali ngokuyimfihlo e-Iran, ngokuphula umthetho wase-U.S., iqhubeke iphambukela ekusekeleni amaContras eNicaragua, ihlanganisa ngokuqondile i-Contras e-Convetation communication. Lapho lelicebo lidalulwa ngo-1986, amakomiti amaningi enhlangano asungula ukuhlola, kuhlanganise neSishayamthetho Sokukhetha Ikomiti Yempi Yasemfihlo e-Slective Active Active to Iran naseNicaraguan True Com Committee to Configate Fivet Arms Transenters ne-Iran.

Uphenyo lwamakomiti lwembula inkambiso yangaphandle yesithunzi elawulwa yizisebenzi zeWhite House, esebenza ngaphandle kwezindlela ezivamile ezingokomthetho nezingokwemali. Izikhulu zazibhubhise amaxwebhu, zadukisa uMkhandlu, futhi zasebenzisa abaphathi ukuze zifihle imisebenzi yezisebenzi. Ukuqulwa kwamacala kwalezindaba kwaveza izingozi zamandla alawulayo angalawuli, ikakhulukazi ezindabeni zokuvikela kwesizwe lapho imfihlo ngokuvamile isetshenziswa khona ukuze kuthethelelwe ukuthi ukuvala icala. Nakuba kungekho zikhululo ekugcineni zabekwa icala lamacala angathi sína, imiphumela yezombangazwe nezinhlangano yayibalulekile. Ingqungquthela yadlulisela izimfuneko ezintsha zokuqapheli ngenxa yezenzo ezifihliwe, yaqinisa indima yabahloli bezesigembuli, futhi yaqinisekisa futhi yaqinisekisa futhi isimiso okumelwe ngisho nezinhlelo ezihlelwayo zisebenze emthethweni.

Uphenyo lwe-Iran-Contra lwagcizelela futhi izinselele zokwengamela endaweni yesizwe yokulondeka, lapho amakomiti kumelwe alinganisele isidingo sokufihla nokubona okunamandla ngokufanayo. Indaba ilokhu iyisixwayiso ngekhono elibukhali kusukela ekusebenzeni kahle kuya ekuyekeni kwezimiso zokuziphatha, futhi isekela lendima ebaluleke kakhulu efezwa amakomiti aqondisa ekudwebeni imingcele.

Ucwaningo Lwango - January 6 Nokulondolozwa KwamaNorm Abusa Ngentando Yeningi

Muva nje, i House Salution Committee to Investigate the Attack yase-United States 6th Capitol ibonise indima yokwengamela ekuvikeleni izinhlangano zentando yeningi ngokwazo. Ngo-2021, ikomiti yahlola ngokubanzi ukuqhekeka kobudlova kweCapitol, izenzakalo ezaholela kuyo, kanye nemizamo yokugumbuqela ukukhethwa kukamongameli ka-202020. Ngezingxoxo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane, ukubukezwa kwezigidi zezincwadi, kanye nochungechunge lokuqulwa kwezindaba zomphakathi, ikomiti yaveza umzamo ohlangene wokubhidlikisha ukudluliswa komthetho.

Umsebenzi wekomiti wawuphawuleka ngobuholi bayo be-bipartarian.[1] Iqopheliwe yi House Democrates kuphela kanye nama-Trump Republic amabili amelene ne-Trumpans ngemva kokuba iningi lenqabe ukuthatha uhlangothi . futhi ngenxa yendlela yalo esekelwe ebufakazi. Umbiko wokugcina, owakhululwa ngoDecember 20222, wachaza icebo elikhulu lokuvimbela inani labavolidi, kuhlanganise nokucindezela kwezikhulu zikahulumeni, ukusungulwa kwezakhiwo ze-Trumpablicas, kanye nemizamo eqondile yokuhilela uBumende beJaji eqhweni. Ikomiti yenza ubugebengu bubhekisele eMnyango wokwahlulela, itusa ukuqulwa kwecala elidala ngezimangalo eziningi. Nakuba imiphumela engokomthetho ilokhu izimisele, ukuphenywa ngokwayo kusebenza njengendawo yokuqondisa enamandla lapho ikomitini esebenzela i-demodemodelikini, ngisho naphakathi kwemigalelo kahulumeni.

Umphumela Wokwengamela Umthetho Nenguquko Yezinhlangano

Umphumela oqhubekayo womsebenzi wekomiti yokuqondisa udlulela ngalé kwalezozindaba ezicatshangelweyo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuqondisa okungaguquguquki kuhlela isimilo sezinhlangano zikahulumeni. Uma izikhulu zazi ukuthi izenzo zazo zingahlolwa yikomiti enamandla ofakazi abangaphansi kanye nezincwadi, zithambekele kakhulu ekuthobeleni imithetho elungile, zigcine amarekhodi anembile, futhi zithintane neseluleko esingokomthetho ngaphambi kokuba zithathe isinyathelo. Lomphumela wokuvimbela uvame ukubhekiselwa ku-"wawumsebenzi, futhi ungomunye weminikelo ebaluleke kakhulu yokuqondisa ukubusa ngokwezimiso zokuziphatha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amakomiti aqondisayo asebenza njengezinto ezibangela inguquko emishanzelweni. Imibiko yawo ivame ukuhlanganisa ukutusa ngezinguquko zemithetho nezilawulayo ezithinta izimbangela eziyisisekelo zezehluleka kwezimiso. Ngokwesibonelo, umphumela weWatergate waveza umthetho wezimiso, kuhlanganise nokumiswa kweHhovisi Lemithetho kaHulumeni, ukwakhiwa kwezinhlelo ezizimele, nokuqiniswa kwemithetho yezezimali. Ngokufanayo, izinguquko ezilandela inqubo ye-Iran-Contreatra zaholela ekuthuthukiseni izimfuneko zokwaziswa kwezimiso zezemisebenzi eyimfihlo nenqubo yomthetho we-Intelligence Community Inspective General. Lezi zinguquko azifezeki njalo, futhi azivunyelwanga ukuphelelwa ngenxa yokukhathalela umshushisi owetshisi. Kodwa ukumiswa kwenqubo yokuqondisa inguquko, nokuhlola inguquko kuyisicimbiso sesimiso sentando yentando yentando yeningi.

Ezingeni lenhlangano, izinhlangano eziye zabekwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa okunzima ngokuvamile ziba nezinqubo ezinamandla kakhulu zangaphakathi. Izinhloli zezemfundo, izikhulu zezezimiso, kanye nemisebenzi yokuhlola ngaphakathi konke kuqiniswa lapho amakomiti engamele anikeza uphawu lokuthi abhekisisa kahle. Ithemba nje lokuzwa linganikeza izinhlangano ukuba ziqhube izinkinga zazo siqu zokuhlola nokuzibika, zinethemba lokubonisa ukholo oluqinile ngaphambi kokuba ikomiti ithathe isinyathelo. Lokhu okunamandla, ngezinye izikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi "ukulawula ngokulangazelela," kusiza ukuba amakomiti afinyelele ngaphezu kwalokho amakomiti awo alinganiselwe kanye nempahla angafinyelela khona ngokuqondile.

Ukulawula futhi kunezela ekuthuthukisweni kwezimiso zokuziphatha kuhulumeni. Ngokuveza umlando womphakathi wezindinganiso zokuziphatha nokuphulwa, amakomiti asiza ekusunguleni izimiso eziqondisa ukuziphatha phakathi kwawo wonke umbuso. Lamasiko agunyazwe ezibonelweni zezimiso zezimiso, izinhlelo zokuqeqesha, nemibono enikeza iziqondiso ezicacile eziphethe izikhulu kuwo wonke amazinga. IHhovisi Lemithetho Kahulumeni, ngokwesibonelo, izinhlelo ezilawula ukungqubuzana kwesithakazelo, ukuveza izimali, nemithetho yemisebenzi yangemva yezisebenzi zikahulumeni. Ikomiti elawula ukuthotshelwa kwalemithetho futhi i-odoculderssssssssssss provingssss uma kuvela izikhala. Ngalendlela, ukuqondisa akubonisi nje ukuhlelwa kwezimiso zikahulumeni ngokwezimiso ezingoko.

Izinselele Eziqhubekayo Ezibhekene Namakomiti Aqondisayo

Naphezu kokubaluleka kwawo, amakomiti aqondisa asebenza endaweni ezungezile ebonakala izithiyo ezinkulu. Ukuhlanganisa izombangazwe mhlawumbe kuyinselele enzima kakhulu. Endaweni ehlukene kakhulu, amakomiti angase asetshenziswe (hhayi) ngoba amathuluzi okuhlasela abaphikisi bezombangazwe kunokuwalulaza ngokungathathi hlangothi ukuziphatha okuhle. Uma uphengululo lubhekwa njengophawu oluhlukanisayo, ukutholwa kwawo kulahlwa yingxenye yabavoti, futhi ukutusa kwabo kwenguquko akunakwenzeka ukumisa. Ukulahlekelwa kwe-bipartarian intelliary kululaza injongo yayo kanye, exhomeke ekuqondeni kobulungisa nokwethembeka emaqinisweni.

Imingcele yemithombo yezenzuzo ilinganisela ukuphumelela kwamakomiti. Ukuhlola okugcwele kudinga izisebenzi ezingochwepheshe ezinolwazi lomthetho, lokulanda, kanye nenkambiso yomphakathi. Uma amakomiti encishiswa noma engasebenzi kakhulu, angase angabi namandla okwenza umsebenzi ophelele, esikhundleni sokuncika ekukhishweni kwemishini ekhutshwayo nephawu olungokomfanekiso. Umjaho wezikhali phakathi kwemithombo yezobuphathi kanye nokuyinkimbinkimbi kwemisebenzi kahulumeni uwumnyombo ongapheli. Njengoba izinhlangano zikhula futhi ziyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe, amakomiti kumelwe afake izimali ezikoleni ezikhethekile noma abekwe engozini yizinhlangano okuthiwangamele ukuba zilawule.

Imingcele engokomthetho iveza esinye isithiyo. Ilungelo eliphetheyo, ukuhlelwa kwesizwe, nokuvinjelwa kwemithetho ekwambulweni kokwaziswa komuntu siqu kungasetshenziswa konke ukumelana nezicelo zamakomiti. Nakuba amakomiti enamathuluzi okuphoqelela ukuthobela − kuhlanganisa amakomiti angaphansi kanye nemicimbi yokudelela − lamathuluzi adinga isikhathi futhi ngokuvamile adinga ukuvunyelwa kokwahlulela. Okwamanje, ubufakazi bungabhujiswa, ofakazi banganyamalala, futhi ukunaka komphakathi kungaqhubekeka. Ikhono lamakomiti aqondisa lokuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha nangendlela eqinile lilinganiselwe ngokubusa komthetho okuklanyelwe ukusekela.

Ukungabaza komphakathi, okubangelwa ukuhlukana kwemithombo yezindaba nokuncipha kokuthembana ezinhlanganweni, nakho kuqeda ithonya lobubonisi. Ngisho nalapho amakomiti embula ububi, umphakathi ungase ungakukholelwa noma ukhathalele lokho okutholakele. Endaweni lapho izinkolelo zozungu nezinye izindaba zichuma khona, umlando oyiqiniso oqoqwe yikomiti eqondisayo ungancishiswa ngamazwi ashukumisayo. Lokhu kugxeka ngezinye izikhathi kufanelwe [1] Izikhulu zeze zezenkolo ziye zafaka ngempela eshashalazini lemidlalo yamahholo − kodwa futhi futhi zimelela inselele yangempela ekuqondiseni igunya lobuphathi njengenhlangano.

Okokugcina, amakomiti aqondisa abhekene nenselele yokulandela ngokulandela. Ukuveza umbiko ophoqelelayo akufani nokusebenzisa inguquko. Ukutusa kwamakomiti amaningi kuhlanganisa uthuli, lunganakwa yizinhlangano eziphenyelwayo nangamanxusa alawula izimali zawo. Ngaphandle kokunaka nokuthanda kwezombangazwe, ukuqondisa kungaba umsebenzi owenzelwayo owenelisa intukuthelo yomphakathi okwesikhashana kodwa ushiye imingcele engaphansi yezimiso zokuziphatha engakhathazeki.

Ukuqondisa Okuqinisayo Ikusasa

Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zinselele futhi kuqhubeke kufezeka ukugunyazwa kwazo kwezimiso zokuziphatha, amakomiti aqondisa kumelwe ashintshe. Enye indlela ethembisayo iwukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukubonakala nokuhlaziywa. Imininingwane enikeza ulwazi, ukuhlakanipha, namapulatifomu avulekile angasiza amakomiti ukuba asebenzise ukwaziswa okuningi ngendlela engcono kakhulu, aphawule izindlela zokungalungi, futhi ahlanganyele izinto ezitholakele nomphakathi ngokusemthethweni. Amanye amakhemisi aseqalile ukusebenzisa amabhodi emishini ukuze alandelele futhi asebenzise ngesikhathi sangempela, enze amakomiti asebenze kahle kunasekeli.

Ukuhlobana nezinhlangano zomphakathi kunikeza enye indlela yokuqinisa ukuqondisa. Izinhlangano zohulumeni, izinkampani zezemfundo, nezintatheli eziphenyayo ngokuvamile zinolwazi olukhethekile nemithombo engaphelelisa umsebenzi wekomiti. I-Whistleter advocations, ngokwesibonelo, ingasiza amakomiti ukuba aqaphele futhi avikele imithombo. Izinhlangano ezinhle zokubusa njenge Transparency International kanye ne Brookings Institution[[[[[FLT: 1]] iveza ukucwaninga nokutusa kwezimiso okungazisa izinhloso zekomiti neziphakamiso zenguquko. Ngokwakha izinhlangano zobuchwepheshe nokusekela umphakathi, amakomiti angathuthukisa ithonya lawo futhi azivikele ekungeneni kwezombangazwe.

Kudingeka futhi izinguquko ezingokomthetho nezingokwenzuzo. Amazwe amaningi aye athatha imithetho yokuvikela yokufushanisa ikhwelo evikela abangaphakathi ababika ububi ekuphindiseleni, okwenza kube lula ngamakomiti ukuthola ukwaziswa okuthembekile. Amakomiti e-Ethics aphethe izisebenzi ezizimele naxhasa imali eqinile anganciphisa ukwengamela ngokusungula iqembu eliqeqeshiwe labacwaningi abakhonza kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiliphi iqembu elinamandla. Amalungiselelo okuhlola izinhlelo ezifihlayo kanye nokubukezwa kwezimiso ezingokwesikhathi ezimisiwe zezinhlangano ezikwaziyo angaqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphatha kungokuvamile futhi kungokwembulelwa kunezenhlekelele.

Mhlawumbe okubaluleke kakhulu, kumelwe kube noshintsho lwempucuko ekubhekeni ukuziphatha njengenzuzo engokweziqu zomphakathi kunemfuneko yokulalela. Amakomiti alawulayo angahola lokhu kushintsha ngokulingisa ukuziphatha kokuziphatha ekuzikhandleni kwawo, ukutshala imfundo yezimiso zezimiso zezikhulu zomphakathi, nezinhlangano ezivuzayo ezibonisa isibopho sobuqotho. Umgomo awukona nje ukuthatha abenzi bobubi kodwa ukudala indawo lapho ububi bungavele khona endaweni yokuqala. Lokhu kudinga ukuthatha imingcele elinganiselwe yezimiso zokuziphatha ukuze kwamukele izimiso ezibanzi zenkonzo yomphakathi, ukulunga, nokuhlonipha izimiso zentando yeningi.

Isiphetho

Amakomiti aqondisayo aphakathi kwezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokulondoloza izimiso zikahulumeni nokulandisa. Ngegunya lawo lokuhlola, ukubukeza ngokwezimali, ukuhlola isimiso, kanye nokuzwa komphakathi, anikeza i-checker ngamandla abalulekile ekubusweni kwentando yeningi. Umlando ongokomlando .(i-Watergate ne-Iran-Contatra kuya kuphengululo luka-January 6() uveza izimpawu zokuthi uma amakomiti aqondisa esebenza ngenkuthalo nangobuqotho, angaveza ububi, avimbele ukuziphatha okubi kwesikhathi esizayo, futhi avimbele izinguquko ezingokokuziphatha okuqinile okuqinisa isisekelo sikahulumeni.

Nokho la makomiti awakholeki. Ukuncishiswa kwezombangazwe, ukuswelakala kwemithombo yemali, izithiyo zomthetho, nokungaqiniseki komphakathi konke kusongela ukuphumelela kwawo. Ikusasa lobubonisi liyoxhomeka ekuzimiseleni kwamakhandlu omthetho ukutshala izisebenzi ezingochwepheshe, ukwamukela ubuchwepheshe obusha, ukuvikela abafuyi bempempe, futhi umela isilingo sokulawula inzuzo yabashokole. Kuyoxhomeka futhi ekusekeleni kwezakhamuzi ezinolwazi olufuna ukulandisa futhi kufake amagatsha omphathi nomthetho ezindinganisweni ezifanayo zezimiso zokuziphatha.

Kulenkathi yobunzima bukahulumeni obukhulayo nokuncipha kwethemba lomphakathi, umsebenzi wamakomiti aqondisayo awukaze ube obaluleke kakhulu. Ngokusekela isimiso sokuthi akekho umuntu ongaphezulu komthetho nokuthi wonke amakomiti omphakathi kumelwe aphendule ngezenzo zawo, la makomiti ahlanganisa isithembiso sikahulumeni olandisayo, wezimiso zokuziphatha. Inselele yabashisekeli bezinguquko nezakhamuzi ngokufanayo iwukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphathwa kwelungu eliqinile, elingenacala, futhi eliphumelelayo, futhi elisebenza ngokuqaphayo kwethemba lomphakathi kuzo zonke izizukulwane.