Ukubukeka Kwesimiso: Amandla E - mayoral Nezinga Lomoya

Imeya ye-UK, ikakhulukazi leyo esezindaweni zezikhulu ezihlangene njenge-London, iManchester, neNtshona Ntshona Midlands, inamandla abalulekile okulawula izinto zokuthutha, ukuhlela, nempilo yendawo. La mandla ahlela ngokuqondile indlela isilinganiso somoya esiqashelwa ngayo nendlela ukwaziswa okudluliselwa ngayo emphakathini.

Ngaphansi kombuso we-Air Moole Security Ulawulo lwe-Air (LAQM) ukwakheka kwe-Locale, iziphathimandla zendawo e-UK kumele zibukeze futhi zihlole izinga lomoya ezindaweni zazo. Nokho, imeya ithonya izinga lesifiso salokhu kuhlola. Umphathi we-mouse oqale wafaka izinga lomoya angasheshisa ukuthunyelwa kweziteshi zokuhlola, afake izimali ezintsha zobuchwepheshe bezinzwa, futhi aqikelele iziyalezo zokubona ngalendlela. Ngokuphikisana nalokho, amameya anezinto ezibambene kuqala angazinikeza imithombo emincane, ashiye imishini ehlola izakhiwo engekho ndawo.

Ngokwesibonelo, i-London Environment Strategy (2088) yahlanganisa isibopho sokugada i-nethiwekhi yomoya yase-London esesilinganisweni se-" ngokufaka izinzwa eziphansi eziseziteshini zokuhlola ezikhona ezisetshenziswa yi-London Air Senet Network (LAQN). Lesi sinqumo esisebenza ngokusemthethweni sasiwumphumela oqondile wesimiso se-meya. Ngokungafani, amadolobha angenazibopho zokugada ezingeni eliqinile lombuso ngokuvamile athembela kuphela eziteshini ezincane ze-teshi ye-teory, okuholela ekuvaleni izikhala ezimo ezishisayo.

Indlela Amanetha Okuhlola Alolongwa Ngayo Yi - Mayoral Leader

Iziteshi ezilungisiwe kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-Reference-Grade

Sekumisiwe, iziteshi zokuhlola ukuhlelwa kobungako bomoya ziseyindinganiso yegolide ye-octive ye-octive. Ngokulandelana kwazo i-protocol eqinile ebekwe yi-Europe Committee for Standardgation (CEN). I-UK Meyaral ithonya ukusinda nokubekwa kwalezi ziteshi. Izimali ze-Mayoral zingavumela iziteshi ezengeziwe ezindaweni eziseduze nezikole, izibhedlela, kanye namaphasishi aphezulu-traffic directures. Ngokwesibonelo, i-[FLDY:0] [FLD] I-Birmham Moyer Movement Ustration [ Indlela esebenzayo] i-makelela inani lezindawo ezizimboni ezizisetshenziswayo, ezisekelwe ngokwengxenye yimali yendlela yokuhamba yesikhulu. Lokhu kwanikeza ukwaziswa okumelelweyo ezindaweni ezichaphaka njenge-anishobose (O2) (N2).

Nokho, iziteshi ezimisiwe ziyabiza ukumisa nokuzigcina, zibiza ngaphezu kuka £50 000 ngonyaka. Izimiso zeMayoral ezihlela inhloko - dolobha nemali yokusetshenziswa kwemisebenzi zibalulekile ukuze kugcinwe lemishini isebenza. Amadolobha anjengoManchester noLeeds agcina ukuhlanganiswa okuqinile ngokuhlela izimali zokuhamba nokuhlela kabusha.

Ama - technologie Ahlanganisa Ubuchwepheshe Obuxubile: Ama - conter aphansi nama - IoT

Eminyakeni yamuva, izinzwa zomoya eziphansi ezisezingeni eliphezulu . Ziye zanda. Lezi zinzwa zinikeza ukwaziswa okuqinile, okungokoqobo kodwa ngokuvamile azinalo ukunemba kwamathuluzi okubhekisa. Izimiso ze-Mayoral zingaqondisa ukufakwa kwalezi zisetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlanganisa noma zilula izinga lokwaziswa. Umeya osebenzayo, njengoSadiq Khan eLondon, zimise [[FL:0] Breathe London, zithathe isinyathelo esinempumelelo ngo-201818, zithumela izinzwa ezingaphezulu kwekhulu ezimpondweni ezilula emaphahleni amazaneni amazansi nakunyaka. Uhlelo, ukusebenzelana noMnyango we-Endalverse, kokubili inselele ne-London, kwaboniswa izinselele ze-college. I-mistbox yemiculo enziwayo ebekwe ngenkambiso ye-me.

Amanye amadolobha aye enza okufanayo. I-West Midlands Councided Authority, ngaphansi kukaMayor Andy Street, imishini yokuhlola izinzwa eWolverhampton nase Coventry. Nokho, ngaphandle kwesimiso esifanayo se-meya sokusebenza kwemisebe nokwaziswa, izinga lokwaziswa okuvela kulemifelandawo liyahluka kakhulu. Ezinye izinzwa ezikhubazeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ziveza ukufundwa okukhohlisayo okungaqeda ukwethemba komphakathi uma kungalungiswa.

Isibonelo SaseLondon: I - Ultra-Low Logzow Indawo Nokuhlola Ukwanda

Ayikho ingxoxo yezimiso ze-meya ezilawula izinga lomoya engaphelele ngaphandle kokuhlolwa kwe-Ultra-Low Eugserct Zone yase-London (ULEZ). Ngasebenzisa i-ULY futhi yanda kabili kusukela ngo-2019, i-ULEZ incike kunxande lwenxanxanxathela enkulu yokuqashelwa kwenombolo ezenzekelayo (ANPR) namakhamera nezimboni ze-aseaweb ukuze ziphoqelele ukuthotshelwa nokulinganiswa kwe-asethi. Ukwanda kwenethi lwe-meya yokuhlola kwakuyinqubo eqondile ekhethwe yi-London Mayo. I-data yalenethilithilithi ye- No2 incipha cishe nge 50% phakathi ne-London. Lobo bufakazi, obubuqoqwe ngemishini ye-meya-meya-fudiaser, kunikeza isisekelo esiqinisekile sokunye ukusetshenziswa kwesimiso esiqinile.

Okubalulekile, i-nethiwekhi yokuhlola inikeza ukwaziswa komphakathi ibhodi elinophawu oluthi shwaka-tshe, Lodon Moyer Senet (LAQN) [okubonisa ukufunda kwangempela okuvela ezizeni ezingaphezu kuka 200. Lokhu kuvumela izakhamuzi, abacwaningi, nezintatheli ukuba zihlole ukuphumelela kwe-ULEZ. Isifundo sicacile: amameya afaka kokubili ukuhlola nokuvula indleko akha umjikelezo omuhle wemininingwane ye-diverni.

Ukubona ngale njengethuluzi lokusebenzisa umthetho

Imininingwane Evulekile Nezigxobo Ezishaye Ingqondo Zomphakathi

Ukubona ngaphaya kwezinga-mali komsinga womoya kufeza izinjongo eziningi: kunikeza ukuziphatha komuntu ngamunye (umz., ukugwema izindlela eziphezulu zokukhuculula), kuvumela ukuqondisa umsebenzi kahulumeni, futhi kunikeze izinto ezishayo ukuze kuhlolwe imfundo nezimiso. Izimiso ze-Mayoral ezigunyaza ukuvulwa kwemininingwane − amafomu ahlelwe ngemishini ngaphansi kwelayisensi evulekile. I-Greater Manchester Extension Authority[[ ikhipha ukwaziswa okusemgangatho womoya okuvela nge-mkhakha we-mkhathi ye-mkhathi le-gemfa, namabalazwe abonisa amazinga amanje okungcola nomlando. Ngokufanayo, i-Bristoms’s sholorcboard yehhovisi lomphakathi ngo-202222]

La mapulatifomu awusizo kuphela uma etholakala. Ibhodi eliphumelelayo lisebenzisa i-coded compty ecacile (ngokuvame ukusekelwe kwi-UK Daily Air Serity Index) futhi linikeza umbhalo ochazayo. Abanikazi abanikeza imali yokuklama nomphakathi baqinisekisa ukuthi ukwaziswa akugcini nje ngokuhlala esisekelweni kodwa empeleni kushintshe indlela yokuziphatha. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Birmingham Cle Diec Monear Board ihlanganisa ingxenye ekuthi “amanani asho ukuthini empilweni yakho,” exhumene neseluleko se-NHS esiphathelene ne-NHS esiphathelene neqembu elizisulu.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi Nokuzihlolela

Ngaphandle kwamabhodi aphezulu, imithetho yomphathi-mameya ingakhuthaza ukugadwa kwezindawo zomphakathi, lapho izakhamuzi noma amaqembu omphakathi eqoqa ukwaziswa kwawo esebenzisa izinzwa eziphansi. Lendlela yakha ukwethemba umphakathi futhi igcwalise izikhala ezimisweni ezingokomthetho. ILeeds Clean Airnitive [ ivumela amaqembu omphakathi ukuba aboleke izinto zokuzwa ezizwayo ezivela emitatsheni yezincwadi yendawo, umklamo osekelwe yimali yempilo yomphakathi. Imininingwane eyaba khona yaqhathaniswa nokufundwa kwemithetho engokomthetho, iveza ubufakazi obusemphakathini obuphathelene nokungcola okushisayo okungakhokhwawa emitatsheni yeze.

Ukusekela iMayoral kuloluhlelo kudinga ukuzimisela ukwamukela ukwaziswa okungengochwepheshe nokusekela ukusekela komthetho. Ngaphandle kokusekela kwemeya, lezi zinyathelo zivame ukubuna ngemva kokuphela kokuqala kwemali. Imeya ezimbalwa ziye zahlanganisa imininingwane yesayensi yezakhamuzi ekubikeni okungokomthetho, zifaka ukuvumelana kokufakwa komphakathi kuthuthukisa umthetho osemthethweni.

Ukulandisa

Imibiko yezinga lendiza yaminyaka yonke iyimfuneko engokomthetho ngaphansi kweLAQM, kodwa amameya angaqhubekela phambili ngokushicilela uhlaziyo lwaphakathi konyaka, izixwayiso zangempela, kanye nokuhlola okuthatha isikhathi eside. Ihhovisi lase-London lamaMayor likhipha i-mutural “Ubunjani baseLondon”[ umbiko waminyaka yonke ophula ukungcola ngemibhoshongo, umsuka, kanye nemiphumela yempilo. Lelizinga lemininingwane livumela izinhlangano zomphakathi ukuba zikwaziwe [[[FLT:][FLT][FLT]] [ict3] ukuba zibe nesibopho sokulandisa ngemingcele engokomthetho yomhlangano. Ngempela, i-RCENUSCING isebenzise ukuhlola ukwaziswa okukhona ezinkantolo ze-meyasenkantolo zeze-mouse, impondo eziseqese.

Uma amameya enqaba ukufihla ukukhanya kwe-operar `i-mayobry-methoding'', ukukhishwa kwezincwadi, noma ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuhlola ezilula ukuchayeka kweze-($$") kuyancipha. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-202020 eminye imikhandlu yagxekwa ngenxa yokungatholi ukwaziswa emabhodini abekwe eduze kwemigwaqo, iphikisa ngokuthi “ayimele.” Izimiso ze-Mayoral ezigunyaza ukunyatheliswa kwanoma yikuphi ukwaziswa okuqoqwe ngokomthetho, ngencazelo ecacile yanoma yiziphi izigwebo, zibalulekile ukuze kugcinwe kuthenjwa.

Imiphumela Elinganayo: Intuthuko Yomoya Ehlobene Nemikhuba Ephansi

Ubufakazi obuvela eLondon, eBirmingham, eManchester

Ukucwaninga okwakhishwa ku- Entron Research Letters (2023) kuphendulwe ukwaziswa okuvela kuyi-London Air Ubunjani be-Air Network futhi kwathola ukuthi i-NON2 enkabeni yeLondon yehla nge- 49% phakathi kuka-2016 no-202222, enejubane elikhulu kakhulu eyenzeka ngemva kokwanda kwe-ULZ. Ulwembu jikelele lwaluminyene ngokwaneleyo ukuba luhlobise ushintsho lwenqubo. Ukuhlola okufanayo kwe-Yunivesithi yase-Birmingham Cle Moyer [[ [inc:] [inightroeces] (exroex in 202])1] kwabonisa ukunciphisa kuka-NOT2 [2030] phakathi kwe-Forderss.

EManchester, umphathi wombuso wesifunda-moya ohlanzekile wahlehlisa ukumiswa kwezindawo ze-openchara ngenxa yokunikeza izimpikiswano zezentelezi nezinselele zomthetho, kodwa ukugada ukwaziswa kwabonisa ukuthuthukiswa kokufaneleka kwamabhasi nokwanda kwemizila yokujikeleza. Umehluko neBristol . lapho i-meya ye-arendendum yamisa khona izipulani zomoya ezihlanzekile − qhathanisa nendlela ezobuthelela ngayo ngokuqondile. Ukugada komoya kwaseBristol kusuka kuma-20222 kwabonisa intuthuko encane emazingeni e-NOBRD [[FL:1] uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Lond okanye i-Birming.

Ukuqhathaniswa Namadolobha Ayanda Ekuboneni Izindawo

Akubona wonke amadolobha ase-UK aye athatha umholi we-meya wezinga lomoya. Kwezinye izindawo lapho amameya enamandla abuthakathaka noma engaphansi kwesibopho sezombangazwe, ukuhlola ama-system kuhlala kuncane futhi kulinganiselwe. Ngokwesibonelo, kuze kube muva nje, inqwaba yezindawo ezincane zamadolobha eNtshona ntshona zazingenayo imininingwane yangempela yePMS2. Naphezu kwemiphumela engathi sína yempilo yomphathi we-othotu. Umbiko we-UK Clean Air Programme wathola ukuthi ama-60% kuphela eziphathimandla zendawo ayenesilinganiso esiphezulu somphakathi. Igebe elingu elibanzi emadolobheni ngaphandle komphathi we-ndye-ndye.

Lokhu kuhlukanisa kuyinto ngoba ukubonakala kwenzela. Ukuhlolwa [kwe- Ubunye be-Sheffield (2022) kwabonisa ukuthi iziphathimandla zendawo ezinokwaziswa komoya okusezingeni eliphezulu ezitholakala obala zikwazi ukusebenzisa izilinganiso ezinjengezindawo eziphansi zokuvaleka kweminyango, izivalo zesikole, nemikhankaso emelene nokusetshenziswa kwemikhankaso. Inqubo cishe ibangela ukucindezela komphakathi nokulandisa.

Izinselele Nezithiyo Eziqhubekayo

Ubungako Bemininingwane Nokubekwa Kwezindinganiso

Nakuba amameya engasheshisa ukufakwa kwezinzwa, awanakuqinisekisa njalo izinga lokwaziswa. Izinzwa eziphansi-acomponis zivame ukubonisa ukuzwelana okunqamule nomswakama namanye amagesi, ziveza izinto ezingekho. Ngaphandle kwemithetho elandelwayo yokuhlanganisa i-libration, imininingwane evela emadolobheni ahlukene ayilingani. Izinzwa ze-Salves kanye ne-Monitoring Systems [ umbiko woMnyango weNdawo yokusimo, i-Fod & Ural Affaiairs (Defra) yaphawula ukuthi izinzwa eziningi zeziphathimandla zendawo zazinembeka kuphela i-PMCFRANUS. Izimiso ze-Mayoral kufanele zigunyaze njalo ukuhlelwa kwezinzwa neziteshi zezimpawu kanye nokukhishwa kwemibhosho engaphandle.

Enye inselele iwukungabi naso isimiso sohlelo lwezwe oluhlangene lokubona. Nakuba i-Defra UK Moer Sety Information System (UK-AQIS) aggrees data evela emithonjeni eminingi, akudingi iziphathimandla zendawo ukuba zinamathele endinganisweni yemeta-mitha efanayo. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ngezakhamuzi ukuqhathanisa izinga lomoya wedolobha lazo nabanye. Ama-Mayster angasekela i-testromation ejwayelekile ye-data, njenge-OGC Disocial API.

Ukukhokha Izigebengu Nemijikelezo Yezombangazwe

Izimali zeMayoral zingaphansi kwezindawo zikahulumeni ophethe kanye nesizukulwane semali yendawo. Ukuhlela imishini kudinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo, ukufakwa kwemvume nezisebenzi. Ukushintsha kobuholi bemeya kungaphazamisa ukuqhubekeka kwezimali. Ngokwesibonelo, ngemva kokhetho lwemeya ngo 2021, igunya elilodwa lihlangene linquma uhlelo lwalo lokulawula izinga lemali ngo-15%, okuholela ekuncishisweni kwezindawo zokuhlola. Lokhu kwakha igebe lolwazi elingakagcwaliswa. Ukuvikela ezibukweni zezombangazwe, amanye amadolobha aye amisa amabhodi ezindiza azimele ngemali ye-pinglensi, kodwa lokhu akuvamile.

Ukwethenjwa Komphakathi Nokungaqondi

Uma ukwaziswa kukhishwa kodwa kungachaziwe, kunganikeza uphethiloli. Ngo-2022, amanye ama-akhawunti ezokuxhumana achazwa ngokungeyikho ngezilinganiso ezimfushane ze-PM.5. esuka ku-octives zendawo yomlilo njengobufakazi bokuthi izifunda zomoya ezihlanzekile ziyahluleka. Izimiso ze-Mayoral kufanele zihlanganise inqubo yokuxhumana nomphakathi elahla izincazelo ezinjalo ezicaciswe ngaphambili (ngokwesibonelo, ngokuzichaza ngokuphawulekayo izimbangela zezikhonkwane eziphawuliwe emabhodini. UK Health Security Agement []] inikeza isiqondiso esisemgangathweni sokuxhumana nemininingwane yomoya, kodwa omeya emele isebenza.

Indlela Engaphambili: Okutuswayo Emadolobheni Ase - UK

Izimboni Zesizwe Ezisadla Ngezindo

Ama-meya kufanele ahlele amasu awo okuhlola ne- Air Mononing Forminiting system yeNgilandi [2023] neyamanje [ uHlale lweNguquko ye-[. Lemiklamo inikeza isiqondiso sobuchwepheshe kanye nokusekela okungaxhasa izimali [FLT] i-Mooral Direfective Management State Grant [. Ngokuhlanganyela e-Defra’s progreement profection processssss [[FLT:]]'''''', ukugada i-data futhi kulula ukuqhathanisa izindawo.

Ukuhlobana Nesayensi Yezokwakha Nezakhamuzi

Imisebenzi engekho njengeYunivesithi yaseBirmingham, iKing’s College London, kanye neYunivesithi yaseManchester inolwazi olujulile ekuhleleni izinzwa kanye nokuhlaziya ukwaziswa. Abaqaphi bangaxhasa imisebenzi yokucwaninga okuhlangene okuhlola ukusebenza kwezinzwa eziphansi futhi bathuthukise imifanekiso engaphambili. [[[FLT:]] Isikhulu esikhulu esinguManchester Cleandor Power Plan [FLT]] ihlanganisa ukucwaninga noMnuziyango-mkhakhakha we-meva we-mkha-mfafafa ne-mfafa ye-mssla. Okunjalo kungenza ukuhlanganiswa kwemisebenzi yesayensi enjenge-FLT [[FLT:] i-map] ye-octive Planton eLondon ne-Helffield inyuselwe ukusekela kwe-meya. Ukuhlanganisa okunjalo kwandisa i-mithentine ye-data yomphakathi.

Izinqubo Zokulungisa Isimiso: Izinkundla Zomoya Ezihlanzekile Nangalé Kwazo

Ukuhlolwa nokubona akupheleli ngokwako, kumele kuholele ekuthatheni isinyathelo. Ama-meya angahlanganisa ukugada okuthuthukisiwe nezimiso ezifuna ukuvelela njenge zero-equalitions [, imigwaqo yesikole ivala imigwaqo [[[, futhi izinhlelo zokulungisa amabhasi namatekisi [[FLTLT:5]]. Ngemva kwemininingwane yembula i-shadowthi elishisayo, amameyameya kufanele abe nesimiso sangaphambili sokusabela: ukuzola, ukuhlaza okuluhlaza okwengca, noma ukuphotha okushaya umthetho. Lokhu kwenza ukukhisa ngokushesha phakathi kwemininingwane nenkambiso.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, omeya bangamisa izisulu zokubona kude njengengxenye yemiyalo yabo eyisisekelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuphoqelela ukunyathelisa ukwaziswa ngehora kusukela cishe ku 95% yazo zonke izingosi zokuhlola phakathi namahora angama-24, nomlando wenguquko yomphakathi. Iqembu elincane lama-UK imare selisayine i- [ Open Air Data Charter, lihloba ukukhipha wonke ama-data aphakeme atholakala ngokukhululekile. Ukwandisa imibandela enjalo kungandisa ukulandisa futhi kuvumela ukuqhathaniswa komsebenzi womkhumbi.

“Umehluko awukhona nje ukukhipha ukwaziswa; uzokwenza ukwaziswa kube nengqondo emiphakathini. Umphathi wedolobha ophatha ukugada i-asease nkonzo yomphakathi uqinisa idemokrasi kanye kanye nempilo yomphakathi. ” — UDkt. Ben Barratt, iKing’s College London

Isiphetho

Izimiso ze-Mayoral kuyi-UK zinemiphumela engenakuphikwa ekuhloleni i-octive control-mouse nokukhanya. Kusukela ekucindezeleni kweziteshi zokuhlola i-Mayary kuya ekuvulekeni kwe-octalboards yomphakathi kanye nokusekela kwesakhamuzi se-sayensi, ukuqondisa kwe-meya kunquma ukuthi i-data yomoya yedolobha inamandla, iyafinyeleleka, futhi iyathatha isinyathelo. Ubufakazi obuvela eLondon, iBirming, neManchester bubonisa ukuthi owesipala abasebenzayo bangaqhuba intuthuko engcono emoyeni, kuyilapho amadolobha anendawo engcono kakhulu engcono kakhulu. Nokho, izinselele ezingapheliyo ze-‘intengiselwano, imijikelezo yemali, nokuthenjwa umphakathi okuqhubekayo. Ngokubambisana nemisebenzi yezindawo zezwe yomphakathi, i-meyade, kodwa i-UK kuphela lapho i-odollarcesss.