Isingeniso: Indima Ekhulayo Yezindawo Ezinsundu Zasemadolobheni Ekuvuselelweni Kwesimo Sezulu

Emadolobheni aluhlaza kakhulu ($parks), amapaki omphakathi, izihlahla zomphakathi, izihlahla zomgwaqo, nezingalo ezingokwemvelo . Ayizisekelo ezibucayi zokuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu nempilo yomphakathi. Emadolobheni ase-UK, izindawo eziluhlaza zisiza ekumunceni amanzi ashisayo, ukunciphisa imiphumela eshisa kakhulu yasedolobheni, ukuthuthukisa izinga lomoya, nokunikeza isivikelo sezilwane zasendle. Lesi sihloko sihlola futhi ukuthi izakhamuzi zinikela kanjani izindawo zokuvivinya umzimba, ukuhlangana nendalo, ezisekela ukuhlala kahle kwengqondo nempilo nempilo nomphakathi. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, abaphathi bezindawo ezinkulu ze-UK baye basebenzisa izimiso zezulu ezinomklamo owemvelo, isivikelo, nokuphatha lezimpahla eziluhlaza. Lesi sihloko sihlola indlela amapulane okuzimo ezindaweni ezinjengeLondon, iManberg, i-Brillance, i-Bristom, futhi izinselele ezisasele.

Isibopho se-UK sokukhipha igwebu nge-enoth ngo-2050, kanye nezimemezelo zesimo sezulu sendawo, kuye kwabekwa izakhiwo eziluhlaza ephakathi kokuhlelwa kwedolobha. Ama-mayester, asebenzisa amandla awo okuhlela nokulawula izinhlelo ezihleliwe, ezothutho, nezimiso zemvelo, abekwe ngokukhethekile ukuze ahlanganise izithuba eziluhlaza zibe yisimo sezulu. Nokho ukwanda kwezindawo eziluhlaza akunazimpikiswana. Ukuncintisana kwezindawo, ukuncintisana kwemisebenzi, nengozi yokuhlelwa koluhlaza okotshani kufuna ukulawulwa ngokucophelela. Lokhu kuhlola kuveza izincwadi zemithetho, ukucwaninga okuzimele, nokuhlolwa kokunikeza umfanekiso obanzi wemiphumela yezimiso zemoyezonyaka ezindaweni eziluhlaza ze-odolo.

Ukubukeza Isimo Sezulu SeMayoral EDolobheni Lase - UK

Ukusungulwa kwabaphathi bamameya abakhethwe ngokuqondile emadolobheni amaningana amaNgisi kuye kwashintsha ukubusa kwamadolobha kuqhubekela phambili ekwandiseni izakhiwo, ukuhlanganisa isimo sezulu esiphambanayo. AmaMaya eLondon, iManchester, iNtshona Midlands, iLiverpool City, i-Bristol, nabanye baye bamemezela izimo eziphuthumayo zesimo sezulu futhi bahlela izisulu zecarbon ezidlula izifiso zezwe lonke. Izinqubo zabo zesimo sezulu zihlanganisa izinyathelo zokwandisa izihlahla zasemadolobheni, ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo ezingokwemvelo, ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo eziluhlaza, futhi ziqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izakhamuzi ziyakwazi ukufinyelela indawo eluhlaza ephakeme esendaweni ephakeme ephakeme ephakathi phakathi kwezindawo zazo ezihamba isikhashana.

Imithombo Yemithetho Nemithombo Yezimali

Ama-mayres athonya izindawo eziluhlaza ngezimiso eziningi: ama-procession ahlela kahle, ukutshala izimali zokuthutha, ukuthuthukisa izindlu, izinhlelo zendawo ezungezile, nezimali ezikhokhwa nge-apply enjenge-London Green Fund noma i-Greater Environment Fund yeManchester. Abanye abameli be-meya baye benza amakhomishane omkhathi anikezelwe noma amathuluzi. Ukuxhasa imali kuvela ezinkonzweni zikahulumeni ophakathi, amazinga entengo entengo, izimali zokuhamba, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezihlukene ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi. I-UK Parease Procendity Provision Survity Fund ne-Speding Up Ung Ultling Fund isetshenziswa futhi ukuxhasa imisebenzi engoko yokwakhelwa kwezindawo eluhlaza emadolobheni.

Isimo Esiphuthumayo Sesimo Sezulu

NgoJune 2020, iziphathimandla zendawo ezingaphezu kuka-300 ze-UK zase zimemezele isimo sezulu esiphuthumayo. Emadolobheni, izimeya zamisa indlela yokushintsha kwezimiso. Ngokwesibonelo, umphathi wedolobha laseManchester wamemezela isimo sezulu esiphuthumayo ngoJuly 2019, elandelwa isibopho sokwenza i-carbon yedolobha elisemuva ibe ne-carbon ngo-2038. Umphathi wedolobha waseLondon wabeka isisulu seLondon ukuba ibe nenetha-zero ngo-2030. Lezi zimemezelo ziye zasheshisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza okwengcabayo neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zingene emaqhingani edolobha, ngokuvamile ngezisebenzi ezizinikeleyo kanye nemali.

ILondon: Isikhungo Sokuhlola I - Green Urban

Umphathi wedolobha laseLondon, uSadiq Khan, ubeke ubulungisa bendawo ezungezile kanye nendawo eluhlaza enwetshwe phakathi kwegama lakhe lesibili. London Plan (201]) wasungula Urban Greenting Factor [ithuluzi lokuhlela elidinga intuthuko entsha ukuze kufinyelelwe iqoqo elincane eliluhlaza elisekelwe endaweni yophahla oluluhlaza, izindongangolwe, izihlahla, nezindawo ezingaphezulu ezingaphezulu. Lenkambiso iqhube ukwanda ngokushesha ophahleni oluluhlaza oluphahleni ngaphesheya kwenhlokonhloko, nengu-50 000 yamamitha anezikwele ezifakwe ngo-20222 kuphela.

INgxowa - mali YaseDolobheni LaseGreener Nezikhungo Zokutshala Imali Ezisepaki

Iqaliswe ngo-2018, iGreener City Fund ithole umsebenzi owenziwe ngo-$6 zigidi kuya ku-200, kusukela emapakini asephaketheni ezindaweni eziphakeme kuya ekubhidlizeni i-immonds. Izimali zangaphambili zinezimbobo zezihlahla eziphansi ezimboze izihlahla futhi ezingangeni kahle emkhathini oluhlaza, ngokuvamile ezindaweni ezingaphandle kwe-London ama-boroughts. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amapark e-oral’s elungele i- Good izinhlelo zokuthuthukisa izakhiwo zendawo, ivula izikhala eziluhlaza okwehlaza ezindaweni zomphakathi ezikhulayo, futhi ithuthukisa izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo. Imiphumela iye yakhuphuka i-itshalo ye-London kusuka ku-2017,2%,2, kanti i-2050% idla i-20.

Ama - gridor Aluhlaza Nokuhamba Ngenkuthalo

I-London’s Streetspace yesimiso saseLondon ihlela kabusha indawo yomgwaqo ehambayo nezindawo zokuhlala kuyo phakathi nobhayisekili, futhi eziningi zalezi zinqubo zesikhashana zaba amaphasishi aluhlaza ahlala njalo. I- i-Cliatence Resilient London[ ihlela i-Gracky eluhlaza exhumanisa amapaki nendawo yokuhlala ekhona, ivumela izilwane zasendle ukuba zihambe phakathi kwemadolobheni futhi zinikeze i-partum, imisele ephansi ye-traff yohambo olusebenzayo. Ukwanda kwe-Chalk [[FLT] kanye [FLT] kanye [FLT:] ne[FLD] [FLD]] [FLT]] Izinyawo ze-RFLD [FFF:5]

Izinselele ELondon

Naphezu kwentuthuko eqhubekayo, ukungalingani okuqhubekayo kusasele. Amagatsha acebe kakhulu anendawo eluhlaza ngokuphindwe kane kumuntu ngamunye kunabampofu kakhulu. I-Green Greengradation. laha amapaki amasha andisa khona amanani empahla futhi asusa izakhamuzi ezikhona eziphansi kakhulu, kubhalwe ukuthi zikhona ezindaweni ezinjenge Hackney ne Elephant kanye neCastle. Ihhovisi lomphathi wedolobha liye lasabela nge-Greencaw Space Commis [[FLT:] ukuze lakhe izinhlelo zokulwa nezindawo zokuhlala ezingekho, njengezimfuneko zemali ezithelekayo eduze kwezindawo ezintsha nezindawo zomphakathi ezikhokhwa izindawo eziluhlaza.

IManchester Enkulu: Ukusuka EBrownfield Kuya Eluhlazani

Umphathi weManchester enkulu, u-Andy Burnham, uye waphishekela i- ukukhula okuhlanzekile” uhlelo lokuhlobanisa isimo sezulu nokuvuselelwa kwezomnotho. INgxowa-Mhlaba yeManchester [[FLT:]], esungulwe ngo-202020, amatheku okuziphilisa okuvuselela inhloko - dolobha neyangasese edolobha-region. Isakhiwo esihamba phambili yiSiko Lezihlahla , esihloselwe ukutshala imithi eyizigidi ezintathu (izigidi) kuzo zonke izakhamuzi. Njengabantu abahlala e-2022, ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-20, 1.8 zezihlahla ezinsundu, ezisezweni nasemazweni angaphambili ezindaweni zezemboni ze-Rford.

UZamcolo Owenziwe Ngezikhukhula Nokuphathwa Kwelanga

Izimiso zesimo sezulu saseManchester zihlanganisa izindawo eziluhlaza ngokukhanyayo nokuzivuselela. Isakhiwo se- Sapulani, esiphakanyiswe yi-EU UBOM, sibuyisele amaphasishi emifula e-Irwell, iMedlock, neTamee ezibambayo, edala iziqiwi ezinamapaki agcwele amanzi angena amanzi. [FLT:] i-Clibon Family Change Worky [[FLT:] i-FLT] igunyaza ukuba zonke izenzakalo ezintsha zihlanganise izimiso eziqinile zokukhipha amanzi (SS), ezivame ukusebenzisa uhlobo lwezingadiyo, incilike, i-slea, nezindawo zokuhlenga eziphinda kabili njengotshani eliluhlaza. [FLT] [FFFFFFOLD] [FF:3] i-octredredededededed ekanye indawo yomgwaqo wemvula ehambayo ehambayo ezindaweni zezilwane zezilwane, futhi ezihambayo.

Izindawo Ezikhulayo Nempilo Yomphakathi

I-Manchester’s I-Grow Oldham kanye [izinyathelo zokusekela ukukhula] kwengadi yomphakathi ezindaweni ezitshalwe umkhandlu. I-Manchester’s. Izindlela zomphathi wedolobha nenjwayeko ziqaphela ukuthi ukufinyelela ekwabiweni kwezabelo nezivande zomphakathi kuthuthukisa ukudla, umsebenzi ongokomzimba, kanye nenkomfa yomphakathi. Izindawo ezintsha ezintsha ezikhulayo ziye zasungulwa kusukela ngo-2019, izindawo eziningi ezinendlala enkulu. Ukuhlola kwathola ukuthi abahlanganyeli babika ukwanda kwenani elingu-20% masonto onke kanye nokwanda kwezithelo kanye nokudla okungu-15%.

Izinselele Zokondla Nokubusa

Ukwanda kwendawo eluhlaza ebanzi yaseManchester kuxhomeke ekuhlanganeni kwemali encishisiwe, ukuxhasa kwe-National Lottery, kanye nokuxhasa kwezezinkampani. Nokho, uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwemali kuhulumeni wendawo kusukela ngo-2010 luye lwanciphisa izindleko zokunakekelwa kwepaki lemvelo ngesilinganiso sama-30% ebubanzini bedolobha. Amapaki amaningi manje axhomeke “kubangane bama-” abavolontiya abazimisele ukunezela izinkonzo zemikhandlu. Ihhovisi lomphathi-dolobha lihlola i-Parks kanye ne-Greenland Spas Services , imode yokuthutha i-Greatercestery, ukuze lilondoloze imali ende.

IBirmingham, iBristol, neGlasgow: Idolobha elihlotshiswe ngedolobha

Nakuba iLondon neManchester kunakekelwa kakhulu, amanye amadolobha ase - UK aye aqala izimiso eziphawulekayo ezingokomkhathi eziluhlaza ngaphansi komholi wemeya.

IBirmingham: Ukuvuselelwa Kohlobo Oluluhlaza

I-Midmingham’s West Midwands Iquadd Authority, eholwa nguMayor Andy Street, yasungula iNgxowa-mali yeMayar#WM201 uhlelo lwesimo sezulu, olumisa icebo lenetha-zero lesifunda ngo-2041. Icebo lihlanganisa iNgxoxowa-mali yeMandla yeNhlaza [[FLD:] [[FLT]]] [FLT] [FLT]] [3] ukuze ilungise futhi ipaki elingokomlando njenge-Canon Hill Park neSutton Park. Imeyame isekele ibhulohosi eliluhlaza [[[FLT:] Imithi ye-FLT]

I-Bristol: Ukuhlelwa Kwezithuba Eziluhlaza Nabantu

Umeya okhethiwe waseBristol, uMarvin Rees, wamukela idolobha elilodwa” elisondela esimweni sezulu nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Bristol Urban Treat noWoodland Strategy [[[FLL:3]] [2023]) uhlose ukwandisa isigubuzelo sesihlahla kusuka ku-14% kuya ku-20% ngo-20 ngo-2050, ngokugxila ezikhundleni zangakhona manje ezingekho izihlahla. [[FLT] Ihhovisi lomphathi wedolobha ladala i-Bristoolton treat treat trew treat treat treat thiss this (i-Grootmagle) kanye ne-Greatmasting (uede) njengendawo yonyaka kaGreyi.

Glasgow: Ifa eliluhlaza lase-Post-COP26

Nakuba iGlasgow ingewona idolobha eliphethe i-Glasgow City Activation Stractive[[[FLT: 1]] ihlanganisa isisulu sokwakha “ulwembu oluluhlaza” nolwezindonga lwendawo ngemva kwe-COP26, i-Cylem, ne-Clyde Canal. [[[FLT:]]Glasgow Climatementmentmentment Activementation Stractive [[[[FLLM]]] uhlelo lwendlela yokuhlela uphahla oluluhlaza nezindonga ezihlala emabhasini nasezakhiwoni zomphakathi, lugcwele izimali zemali ebhakezwe. [FLT] [FLT:]

Imiphumela Yesimo Sezulu Esiwukuthuthuka Kwezindawo Ezingaphezulu Eziluhlaza: Ukulinganisela Okulinganiselwe

Umphumela onqwabelana wezimiso zesimo sezulu semeya uye waba ukwanda okuphawulekayo nokuthuthukiswa kwezindawo eziluhlaza ezisemadolobheni kuwo wonke amadolobha ase - UK.

Imiphumela Eqondile

  • Umphumela wesikhithi sokushisa esisedolobheni owehlisiwe: Ucwaningo eLondon lubonisa ukuthi indawo zomphakathi ezinesimbozo somphetho wezihlahla ezithiwa i-3=5°C kupholile kunalezo ezine-<10% ekushiseni. Izinhlelo ze-Mayoral zesihlahla zihlobene ngokuqondile nalokhu kunciphiswa kwezihlahla.
  • Izinga lomoya namanzi eliqinile: izakhiwo zezakhiwo ze-Greenland ezindaweni ze-Salford ne-Bristol iSt Philips zavimbela amaphesenti angu-30 ezinto ezihamba emoyeni futhi zanciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-internet nge-40% emikhankasweni yomshayeli.
  • Izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezikhiqizweyo: amaphasishi aluhlaza ase-London nama-paseji avuselelwe eManchester kubone ukwanda kwezinyoni nezinambuzane. IWildlife Trusts ibika ukuthi ukwanda kwenani lezindawo ezinamacala angu-25% ezikhuphuka ngempova ezindaweni ezixhaswe yimali yemeya.
  • [[FLT: 0] Impilo eqinile nenhlalakahle: Ukuhlolwa ko-2023 [ku- Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health[ kwathola ukuthi izakhamuzi ezihlala phakathi kwamamitha angu-300 epaki elisanda kudalwa eBirmingham zabika ukwehla kweshumi nambili lesithathu lokukhathazeka nokucindezeleka uma kuqhathaniswa namaqembu alawulayo.
  • Izinzuzo zezomnotho:[ Izindawo eziluhlaza zandisa amanani empahla ngamaphesenti angaba ngu-15 kwezinye izindawo, kuveza enye intela yomkhandlu. Ukubuka nokuchitha ukuzijabulisa okuhlobene namapaki kuhlanganisa u-$300 000 000 (R160 000) ngonyaka kwezomnotho zase-London.

Izinselele Nokugxeka

  • Imingcele elawulayo: Naphezu kokuthatha izinyathelo zomameya, izimali zokusetshenziswa kwe-paki ezisemgangathweni emadolobheni amaningi e-UK ziye zehla ngo-20-40% kusukela ngo-2009. Izakhiwo eziningi ezintsha zincike ezinkokhelo zemali eziyinhloko, futhi izimali ezixhasa izakhiwo eziqhubekayo azinamali. Lokhu kuholela “ekwakheni umkhathi ngaphandle kokunakekelwa” – amapaki amasha awohloka phakathi neminyaka embalwa.
  • Luhlaza oluthi alubi futhi luthathe indawo: Njengoba kuphawulwe eLondon naseManchester, izikhungo ezintsha eziluhlaza zivame ukusunduza izintela zokuqasha nenani lempahla, ngokungenakulinganiswa inzuzo yemikhaya ecebile. [ I-Green Space Commission [[FL:3] eLondon ne-[FLT:] Community Ilungelo lokuthenga [[[FFLT:5]] eManchester ayizimpendulo ezihlukene, kodwa ukushenxanxathela kuhlala kuyinkinga yesimiso sokwenza izinto.
  • Ukwehlukana kwesayensi yezinto eziphilayo: Ezinye izinqubo zemeya zangaphambili zokuhlobisa noma ukuzijabulisa ezikhaleni eziluhlaza ezihlahleni zokulungisa indawo yokuhlala. Ukuhlolwa kophahla lwaseLondon oluluhlaza kwathola ukuthi izingxube zezitshalo zakhona ezingamaphesenti angu-20 kuphela, ezinciphisa inani lezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
  • Indawo eqoqa indawo isetshenziswa: izisulu zezindlu nezakhiwo zokuthutha ngokuvamile ziyangqubuzana nokwanda kwendawo eluhlaza. EBristol, ipaki elisha elikhulu elihlelwe e-Eastville lahlukaniswa ngokobukhulu ngenxa yokucindezela kokukhula kwezindlu.
  • Izikhala kanye nokugada: Amadolobha ambalwa anamabalazwe abanzi, aphezulu-muva okufinyelela kwesikhala esiluhlaza kanye nobungako. Lokhu kwenza ukulandelelana kwentuthuko. Umzila wesikhala weLungu [ ovela kumabala eThide unikeza amabhande, kodwa akuzona zonke izindawo zemeya ezihlanganyela ngokufanayo.

Iziyalezo Zesikhathi Esizayo: Ukushintshashintsha Nokujula Kwemiphumela

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izinzuzo zezimiso zesimo sezulu semeya ezindaweni eziluhlaza zasemadolobheni, kudingeka kushintshwe izinto eziningana.

Ukusekela Izinguquko

Imali exhasa isikhathi eside ukugcinwa kwezindawo eziluhlaza kumelwe igcinwe. Izinketho zihlanganisa amapaki anikezelwe e-levy (afana nezindawo zezebhizinisi), ukufakwa kwezakhiwo eziluhlaza emaqenjini entela yomkhandlu, noma i-Greenland Space Endowment Fund. Ukuhlelwa kwezindawo zokuhlala umbiko, okhishwe yi-All Paralicary Group on Parks and Green Spaces, utusa i-fenc 2% yenani elisha lokuthuthukisa indalo eluhlaza kanye nokugcinwa.

Izivikelo Zokuvimbela Ukukhishwa Kwezimpahla

Ama-may agunyaza ukuba noma imuphi umsebenzi womkhathi othelelwa umphakathi uhlanganise Isivumelwano se-community Izinzuzo ukuze kuqinisekiswe izindlu ezibizayo nokuqashwa kwendawo. I-Green Space Mastershiptaship [[ isifanekiso esiqondiswe e-Lond’s Woolwich siye sabonisa isithembiso: izakhamuzi ezihlala epaki futhi zinelungelo lokwenqaba okokuqala emagumbini ezindlu ezithenjiwe ezinto ezihambisana nezenzakalo.

Amakhambi Asekelwe Emvelweni

I-policies kufanele ishintshe ekulungiseni ubuhle bemvelo ithathe izixazululo ezithuthukisa izinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo kanye nesimo sezulu. Lokhu kusho ukusebenzisa izinhlobo zomdabu, ukwenza izikhawu ze-wetland, nokuvumela ukuvuselelwa kwemvelo lapho kungenzeka. Urban Nature Plan[[[FLL:1] uhlaka olusekelwe yi-RSPB ne-Local Nature Parceneship, kunikeza i-protection ehlola amameyameya amaningana.

Amathuluzi Ezezinombolo Nesayensi Yezakhamuzi

Imininingwane engcono ibalulekile. Isinyathelo se-Green Space Access Mapping esiholwa yi-University of Manchester, sisebenzisa imibiko yeziphuphutheki nesakhamuzi ukuze kubonwe amagebe okungena. Abathathi-mali kufanele bafake imali emapulatifomu avulekile avumela izakhamuzi zibike izimo zepaki futhi ziveze izinguquko, zithuthukise ukulandisa.

Isiphetho

Izimiso zesimo sezulu seMayoral zibuyisela izindawo eziluhlaza zasedolobheni e-UK ngezindlela eziyisisekelo. Kusukela ekuqhephuleni kwe-Urban Greening Factor yase-London ukuya eManchester’s City of Trew nase-Bristol's sandrive quat, ukushintshela emapaki asemaphaketheni ahlangeneyo nawamaplastiki aluhlaza okuhlela imvelo kunikeza izinzuzo ezingcono zezakhamuzi, izilwane zasendle, imvelo nezindawo zokuhlala. Nokho, lokhu kufezwa kwamandla kuyantengantenga, ukucindezela kokuzisebenzela, nokuwohloka kwemvelo kusongela intuthuko. Ishumi elilandelayo liyohlola ukuthi amameyayela angakwazi yini ukudlula izihlahla ezihlala ezinziswayo, ezilondolo, eziqinile, nezinhle kakhulu. Ukuthola lokhu kudinga ukuthuthukisa isimo sezombangazwe, ukuthuthukisa inzuzo, nokubambisana komphakathi womphakathi womphakathi.