Isithunzi Eside Sokwehlukana: Impucuko Ngaphambi Kwesivumelwano Esihle NgoLwesihlanu

Ukuze umuntu aqonde ithonya eliguqulayo le-Good Wear Agreement (GFA) empucukweni yase-Northern Ireland, kumelwe aqale aqonde ukuvinjelwa okwakukhona ngaphambi kuka-1998. Izinkinga, ezithatha iminyaka engamashumi amathathu, ngokuyisisekelo zaziyimpi eqondene nobuzwe nomthetho. Kulendawo, ukuvezwa kwamasiko kwakungavamile ukungathathi hlangothi. Ifulege, ulimi, ingoma, noma ukukhangisa kwakuyinkulumo esheshayo yezombangazwe. Indawo yomphakathi yayincintiswa kakhulu, futhi imikhosi yayivame ukucindezelwa ukuvikela kwezezwe nezindawo ezihlukene.

I-Parades, ikakhulukazi leyo ye-Orange Order ikhumbula iMpi yeBoyne, yayingeyiyo nje imikhosi yamasiko; yayiyizimpawu zezwe. I-Parades Commission yamiswa ngo-1998 ngokunembile ngenxa yokuthi lezi zenzakalo zaziyizikhawu zempi enobudlova. Ngokufanayo, izenzakalo zolimi lwase-Ireland, njengeFleathh Chehool na hÉirean, ngokuvamile zazibhekwa ngokunyundelwa yimiphakathi yenyunyana nezwe. Imikhosi yayibhekwa ngokunyundela kakhulu, futhi iwumbuso wokuzithandela. Ezindaweni eziningi, ukubonakalisa ulimi lwase-Ireland kwakubhekwa njengesenzo sokudelela. Imikhosi ehlangene, eyayihanjena "Impisi" yayivame ukuhlanekelelwa empucukweni ethandwayo noma izwakala ivinjelwe. Imikhosi yayibhekwa ngokunyeleleka kakhulu, emiphakathini, futhi ingekho kakhulu emkhakheni wezelweni, futhi imfucucu.

Isivumelwano Esihle NgoLwesihlanu: Isimiso Sempucuko Sokuthula

Isayinwe ngo-10 April 1998, i-Good Wearth Agreement (noma i-Belfast Revention) yaziwa kakhulu ngezinhlangano zayo zezombangazwe: i-Northern Ireland Assembly, i-North-Southal Service Council, kanye noMkhandlu waseBrithani-Irish. Nokho, ithonya layo elihlala njalo lingaba indawo engokwesiko eyayikhuthaza. Isivumelwano saqaphela ngokucacile ukuthi umuntu ungubanika eNyakatho Ireland. Sayisekela isimiso sokuhlonipha [[FLT:], siqinisekisa ukuthi ilungelo lokugcina isici seBrithani ne-Ireland i-Ireland isaziwa ngokusemthethweni. Lokhu kuqashelwa okulula kwakuyinguquko enzima.

Umbhalo wesivumelwano wanikeza izimemezelo zokusayina "ukuthuthukisa ulimi lwesi-Irish" kanye " nokuthuthukisa kwe-Ulster-Scots] (Ulimi lwe-Urster) nesiko). Lokhu kwakungeyona indlela yokukhuluma engaqondakali. Yaholela ekudalweni kwezindikimba ezimbili eziyinhloko ezinqamule-mkhawuni kunyakatho wolimi: [[FLT:] [[FLT]]...... njengana Gaillege [ [i-"i-"i-"I-"I-"I-"I-"I-"I-"I-"I---I-I-I--I-I-I-I-I-Ingidingidiyo)] [[[[[I-SCTY] i-USCTY] i-SLETY] i-TYURD [i-USD-USLETY] [ice-SCK] ishintshele inguquko yendlela yomphakathi, ukuthuthukisa yemisebenzi ne-Speyinqobo, ukuthuthukisa kwendlela, ukuthuthukisa

Ukubonisa Ukubaluleka

Umqondo wokwazisa wadlulela ngalé kolimi. Kwadala ukulindela kwezenhlalo ukuthi womabili amasiko kufanele abonakale futhi agujwe ekuphileni komphakathi. Lokhu kwabangela ukuncintisana kodwa ekugcineni kwakha. Uma impucuko yase-Ireland yayinomkhosi omkhulu, impucuko yokuhlangana nakodwa futhi yayidinga okukodwa. Lobubu mbango obunempilo bakhuthaza ukusungulwa kwezindawo ezintsha. Lemikhandlu yendawo, ngaphambili eyayinezikhundla zezombangazwe zomuntu oyedwa, yaqala ukuqongelela izenzakalo kuwo womabili amasiko. I-Belfast City Council, ngokwesibonelo, manje isekela ngentshiseko i-St Patrick’s Day neTwelfth kaJuly, kanye nezenzakalo ze-Mavalley. Lenhlangano iyi-tective iyisigloginethic itshe eliyingiswe phezu kwekhalenda yempucuko yanamuhla.

Ukuphakama Kwezindawo Ezihlanganyelwayo: Imikhosi Yesiphambano

Enye yemiphumela ebonakala kakhulu yenqubo yokuthula yaba ukusungulwa kwemikhosi eklanyelwe ukukha amabhuloho. Féile a Phobail (UMkhosi weCommunity) eWest Belfast iyisibonelo esivelele. Isiqalo ngo-1988 njengomkhosi womphakathi wesizwe phakathi nobude beNhlupho, ishintshele ekubeni ibe enye yemikhosi emikhulu kakhulu yobuciko eYurophu. i- Post-GA, yandisa kakhulu uhlelo lwayo ukuze ihlanganise amaqoqo athembekile, amabutho aseBrithani, nabadwebi bobuciko bomhlaba wonke. Yaba yisibonelo sendlela umkhosi osutshekile esikodwa osukwazi ngayo ukuhlanganisa indawo engaphandle ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa kwayo.

Ngokufanayo, i-Beltast International Arts i-Belfast Festival [i-BIAF], enezimpande zayo eYunivesithi yeNdlovukazi, iye yaba isenzakalo esihamba phambili esenzeka emhlabeni wonke esigabani se-atre, umdanso, nempikiswano. Iletha izilaleli ezivela kuyo yonke imiphakathi enkabeni yedolobha, indawo eyaye yashiywa kakhulu ngemva kokwesaba. Impumelelo yalo mkhosi iwuphawu oluqondile lwesiqalo sezwe. Intuthuko yeKethenal Cathenal, ekhaya le MAC (Metroptal Arts Center) ne-Thentatre, iyindawo nempucuko yale nkathi.

Isikhungo Esivelele Sedolobha Lamasiko

Ukukhethwa kweDerry~Londonderry njenge-upracry ye- City of Culture ngo-2013 kwakuyisikhathi esiphelile. Idolobha elaliyindawo yokubulawa kwabantu ngegazi ngeSonto ngo-1979, futhi elabhekana kakhulu phakathi neZinkathazo, lakhethwa ukuba limelele iSiko le-UK. Uhlelo lwemikhosi lweminyaka eminingi lwashintsha kakhulu umnotho wedolobha nomfanekiso walo wezizwe zonke. Izenzakalo ezifana nombukiso we-Turner Prizer kanye noMpayini wekhulu wezivakashi eziyizinkulungwane. Impumelelo ka-2013 yabonisa ukuthi impucuko ingaba yithuluzi elinamandla lokuvuselela izomnotho nokubuyisana.

Ulimi Lwase - Ireland Nokuvuselelwa Kwempucuko: Igagasi Elisha

I-GFA yanika ulimi lwase-Ireland isikhundla esingokomthetho nesezombangazwe eyayingakaze ibe kuso eNyakatho Ireland. U-Foras na Gaeilge wafaka imali ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi, ezikoleni zasehlobo, nasemikhosini. Umphumela uye waba ukuqhuma kwezenzakalo zolimi lwesi-Ireland ezikhanga kokubili izikhulumi zomdabu kanye nezisanda kufika.

Usuku lukaSt. Patrick: A Global ne-Locase

I-St. Patrick’s Day eBelfast isuka emkhosini wesihlupho esiphansi kakhulu, oxhaswe ngokwezentengiselwano, onezikhangiso zezinsuku eziningi ezidonsa izixuku ezingaphezu kuka 100 000. Isehlakalo esikhulu eMhlabeni wembulunga yonke kaSt. Patrick's Day setwe. Lo mbukiso manje uveza izigaba ezihlukahlukene zabahlabeleli, kuhlanganise nabadansi bamaShayina, amabhande, kanye nezikole ezixubene, umculo nendali yendala yase-Irish. Seyindawo ephephile, eveza izinhlobonhlobo zezindawo zanamuhla ze-Nyakatho ne-Ireland. Nakuba usuka esikweni sase-Ireland, isikali sayo kanye ne-clusclus ziyimikhiqizo eqondile ye-GFA.

I - “leadh Cheoil ” na hÉirean

Lapho iFleadh Cheiall na hÉireann iqhutshelwa eDerry ngo-2022, kwakungokokuqala emlandweni wayo weminyaka engu- 71 ukuba lo mkhosi uwele umngcele uye eNyakatho Ireland. Isenzakalo saba yimpumelelo enkulu, iheha izivakashi ezingamashumi ayisithupha futhi ufake i-CMF30 miliyoni ezomnotho zendawo. Isinqumo sokungenisa iFleth eDerry eDerry sabekwa esithembisweni sikaGFA somngcele ongenantenteko-emvala nesobudlelwanobo obuvamile besiphambano-commian. Kwakuwuphawu olunamandla kakhulu lwendlela uNowen North Ireland efike ngayo.

Impucuko Yokusekela Ubunye: Ukusuka Ekulahleni Kuya Ekugubheni

Uhambo lwemikhosi yobuhlanga neyobuqotho yamasiko yangemva kweGFA luyinkimbinkimbi. Inqubo yokuthula yaphoqelela umphakathi ohlanganisa ubunye ukuba uchaze isiko lawo ngaphandle nje kokuthi "akuyi-Irish" noma inkulumo yezombangazwe yokwethembeka kuMbuso.

Ishumi Nesihlanu KaJuly: Isiko Elishintshayo

ITwelfth kaJuly ilokhu iyisenzakalo esikhulu kakhulu saminyaka yonke sezempucuko eNorthern Ireland. Enkathini yangemva kwe-GFA, i-Orange Order iye yenza imizamo emikhulu yokulungisa amashende njengezenzakalo zomkhaya ezingokwesiko ezivulekele umphakathi. Nakuba izimpikiswano ziphikelela, izinga lesenzakalo alinakuphikwa. Kuhilela izinkulungwane zamabhande namashayithisi anqamule amakhulu ezindawo. Ukuhlolwa kwezezomnotho kubonisa ukuthi inzuzo enkulu yezomnotho zendawo. Izindawo ezisedolobheni, ikakhulukazi eBelfast, ziye zathuthuka, ngenxa yalesi senzakalo esibonakala sikhanga izivakashi kakhulu kunesongelo.

Intuthuko Yezingxenye Zobumba

I-Agency ye-Ulster-Scots yamiswa ngenjongo yokuthuthukisa ifa, ulimi, nempucuko ye-Ulster-Scot. Iye yaxhasa imikhosi yomculo, izinkondlo, nokulandisa okungokomlando. Nakuba ulimi ngokwalo lusakhulunywa kakhulu kune-Ireland, izenzakalo ezingokwesiko eziluzungezile zikhule. Izenzakalo zempucuko ezizungeze i-Ulster-Scottentice Apprys nemikhosi yeSiege of Derry manje seziyiqoqo lemikhondo yefa lezentengiselwano nezikhungo zabavakashi. Lemikhosi ivumela abahlali ukuba batshele izindaba zabo siqu ngokuzidlalisayo nangemishosho yabo phakathi kwenqubo yokuthula.

Umkhosi Wezobuciko Ovundile

I-East Side Arts [[FLT: 1] eMpuma Belfast iyindaba yempumelelo ekhulayo emakhaya. Lo mkhosi wakha indawo enkulu elandela ifa elicebile lendawo, kuhlanganise nokuhlobana kwendawo neC.S. Lewis ne-Titanic. Umkhosi womphakathi owamukela wonke umuntu, uveza umculo wendawo, ukudla, nobuciko. Kufakazela ukuthi ukuqiniseka kwamasiko akudingi ukuvalwa kwemizwa.

I - cosmopolitan Shift: Izinkolelo Eziningi Nesiko Elisha

Njengoba iNyakatho Ireland yaba indawo yokuhlala enziwa iqine futhi ekhangayo, yafuduka ngokokuqala ngqá emlandweni wayo wanamuhla.

IBelfast Mela Nangemva Kwayo

I-Beltast Mela, ehlelwe ngu-ArtsEkta, manje ingenye yemikhosi emikhulu yezinhlanga esiqhingini sase-Ireland. Igubha umculo, ukudansa, nokudla kwezizwe eziningi ezihlala eNyakatho Ireland. Isehlakalo esinomsindo, esinemibalabala esihlanganisa "idolobhana elinamacala amaningi". Seliyindawo eyinhloko yesimiso sehlobo futhi likhona engxenyeni enkulu yesizwe sendawo. Ngokufanayo, iDiwalili eUlster Museum, izenzakalo zonyaka omusha, ne-Brazilirval manje iyizicio ezivamile zekhalenda.

Ukuqhosha Nokukhululeka Emphakathini

I-Northern Ireland yayiyingxenye yokugcina ye-UK noma i-Ireland ukuba ibhalise umshado ofanayo wezentengiselwano, ekugcineni yenza kanjalo ngo-2020. Ukuziqhayisa okusheshayo [ bekungamandla ashukumisayo kulolushintsho lwezenhlalakahle. Owake waba udwendwe oluncane, oluphikiswayo manje ungomunye wemibuthano emikhulu kakhulu edolobheni, oheha abahlanganyeli abangamashumi ayisithupha. Ukuziqhenya kuwumkhosi wesiko onamandla ogubhalisa iLBGTQ+ uphawu. Bekungeke kusenzeka kulelisilinganiso ngaphandle kokhuseleko, indawo eyingozi elungiselelwe iGFA. Kubonisa ukuthi inqubo yokuthula iye yadala indawo yokuzibandakanya abantu ukuze kuchume isizwe nenyuke kakhulu.

Izinselele Zesikhathi Esizayo: Ukuhlukana Kokuthula Okungenazibopho

Nakuba iSivumelwano Esihle NgoLwesihlanu siye saba nethonya elihle kakhulu, indawo igcwele izinselele.

Ifa Le - Breexit

I-Brexit ibangele inselele enkulu kakhulu ekwakheni i-Fourse-culture areast eqedwe yi-GFA. Ukuhamba kwe-UK e-EU kwadala ukungaqiniseki ngokwezimali (enye imikhosi yeNI yathola izimali ze-EU), ukujikeleza kwemidwebo, nokuhweba ngezinto zobungcweti. i-Non Ireland Protocologial[[[FLLD:1]] yenza umngcele we-UK ongaphakathi oLwandle lwase-Irish, kufaka izindleko zokuhlola imikhiqizo ye-EU eGreat Britain. Nakuba i-Windsor Frame ikhulumela idingi ekhuluma ngezinye zezimpikiswano, ukunteko ye-diodrolve. Imikhosi inciphisa ukushelwa kwezindawo eziphakathi kwe-diyo. Imikhosi e-Dublin, i-Frast, ne-Australia, futhi manje ibiza izindleko.

Ukuphikiswa Kwamahlelo Nokucindezelwa Okusekela Imali

Imikhosi yehlelo ayikapheli. Eminye imikhosi ehlangene neyodwa isagxekwa ngenxa yokuba yedwa noma ukukhazimuliswa kobudlova obungokomlando. IKhomishane isawenga ukuhanjwa kwemikhosi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibonelo sezomnotho semikhosi siyinselele. Abaningi bathembela kuhulumeni omfushane onikeza imikhosi ye-Arts Council yase-Northern Ireland noma imikhandlu yendawo. Leminyango yemali ivame ukucushwa noma ukuncishiswa. Kukhona ukucindezela okuqhubekayo kokuthengisa nokudonsa inkxaso, ngezinye izikhathi okungasusa imikhosi emizini yabo yomphakathi ephephile, imiklamo ephakeme kakhulu. Izingozi ziwukuthi imikhosi iyaziwa njengesabizwa ngokuthi i-snat, ilahlekelwa amandla amahle, aqinisekile omphakathi awenza abe namandla endaweni yokuqala.

Impikiswano Ngokuba Umnikazi Wesiko

Njengoba imikhosi iqala ukuhlanganisa, kuphakama izimpikiswano ngokuphathelene nokuba nomphakathi nokwethembeka. Ngokwesibonelo, njengoba uSuku lukaPatrick luba lwezentengiselwano nolwembulunga yonke, abanye abakholelwa emasikweni bakhathazeka ngokuthi lulahlekelwa umphefumulo walo wase-Ireland. Ngokufanayo, njengoba i-Twelfth kaJuly izama ukukhanga izilaleli ezibanzi, izimpikiswano zangaphakathi ziyaqhubeka mayelana nendlela yokulinganisela isiko nokwehla kwamanani. Ukulawula lokhu kuxabana kuyisenzo esibucayi kubahleli bemikhosi.

Isiphetho: Indida Iyaqhubeka

I-Good Wearth Agreement ayizange nje iphele impi yezombangazwe; yavula imikhosi yamasiko ehlukanayo yaba imishini yokukhuphuka kwezomnotho, ukuhlangana kwezenhlalo, nedumela lomhlaba wonke. Kusukela esilinganisoni esikhulu seFleath Cheool eDerry kuya emoyeni womphakathi wendawo we EastSide Festival, kusukela ekufinyeleleni kwembulunga yonke i-Belfast International Arts Festival kuya eMkhosini wokwenezela ekukhukhumeleni kweze, ikhalenda lempucuko yaseNyakatho ye-Ireland ngekhulu lama-21 kuyi-testation ephilayo yenqubo yokuthula.

Izinselele zingokoqobo .//Br exit, ukusekela imali, kanye nokungangeni kwamahlelo kusekhona − kodwa i-GFA yakha uhlelo lapho ukubonakala kwempucuko kungaboniswa ngaphandle kobudlova. Yavumela ukuba kube nendawo yokuncintisana, eshubile, futhi ihlangane kakhulu emphakathini. Njengoba i-Northern Ireland ihlola ikusasa layo elingaqinisekile, imikhosi yayo yamasiko ifana nezibani zalokho okuye kwafezwa: umphakathi ofunda ukugubha ukubhisa ukungezwana kwawo ndawonye.