Ubalo lwenani labantu lwenani elidlulelwe esikhathini esidlule lungesinye sezindlela ezilandelana kakhulu zokuhlanganisa ukwaziswa ezenziwa uhulumeni wase-United States. Njalo eminyakeni eyishumi, i-Censure Bureau izama ukubala wonke umuntu ohlala ezweni, inqubo enquma ukuma kwezombangazwe kanye nokusakazwa kwezigidi zezigidi zamarandi emali engokwakhiweni kukahulumeni. Phakathi kwezindawo ezibucayi kakhulu ezithintekayo ngenxa yemiphumela yokubalwa kwabantu yizezinto zokuhamba. Kusukela esimweni semigwaqo yendawo kuya ekuthuthweni komphakathi, ukunemba okunemba kwemithombo yemali etholakala ngokuqondile ukuze kwakhiwe, ilondolozwe, futhi isebenzise izinhlelo zayo. Uma ukuthatha izinhlelo zokuhamba kuphansi noma isilinganiso kunephutha, imiphumela ihamba kuyo yonke indlela yokuhamba, ethinta ukuphepha, amathuba, nezindlela zokuphila.

Indima Yenani Elingapheli Ezindaweni Ezihlala Imithombo Yengcebo

Ubalo lwe-U.S. lugunyazwe nguMthetho-sisekelo futhi lusebenza njengesisekelo sokubusa ngokulinganayo. Inani labantu elithathwe ekubaleni lisetshenziselwa ukwabela izihlalo eNdlu yabameleli nokudweba izigodi ezivololwayo embusweni nasemazingeni endawo. Kodwa okubaluleke ngokufanayo indima yokubalwa kwabantu ekusakazeni kwezimali zikahulumeni. Ngokwe- Census Bureau Bureau[, ngaphezu koR1], izigidi eziyizigidi ezingu-R3,5 ezisetshenziswa nguhulumeni emalini esetshenziswa unyaka ngamunye ngezibalo zokubalwa kwabantu. Lemali isekela izinhlelo zemali ezisukela eMididi nasemini kuya ekwakhiweni nasemisweni yemigwaqweqweqweni yomgwaqo nasemisweni yomphakathi.

Ngokwenza izinto zokuhamba ngokukhethekile, ukwaziswa okuphathelene nokubala abantu kuhlelwe ngezindlela zokunquma indlela imali ehamba ngayo isuka eWashington iye ezindaweni ezithile, emadolobheni amakhulu nasezindaweni zohulumeni bendawo. Imininingwane eyinhloko zihlanganisa inani labantu, inani labantu abahlalayo, imishini yokuhamba, kanye nenani lemikhaya engenayo ikwazi ukungena emotweni. Lokhu kuvela ekubaleni kwabantu okusuka e-Melika Community Survey (ACS), ukuhlola okuqhubekayo okunezela ekubaleni inani labantu ngemininingwane egcwele kakhulu yezomnotho. Ngaphandle kokuthatha iqhaza ngokunembile, izimboni zezibalo ezinikeza imali yokuhamba ezindaweni ezintengantengiswa.

Indlela Ama - alcula Asekela Ngayo Imininingwane Yenani Lomphakathi

Inkokhelo yemali enikezwa uhulumeni exhasa izinto zokuhamba igunyazwe nge-Ifrastra Respirationment and Jobs Act (IJA) futhi isakazwa ngezinhlelo ezimisiwe. Lezi zinqubo ziklanyelwe ukunikeza imithombo esekelwe ekusweleni, ekusetshenzisweni, nasemphakathini. Izinhlelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zihlanganisa:

  • [[NTL:0] Uhlelo lwe- Suray Suphway Trust Fund (HTF): Umnyombo wezimali zomgwaqo omkhulu, iHTF isakaza imali ukuze isho kuhlelo lwe-National Highway Performation Program (NHP), i-Suraface Survey Subcation org Grant Program (STBP), kanye ne-Highwatection Refection Program (HSIP). Bonke laba bathembele ezakhamuzini zikahulumeni, emgwaqweni wamakhilomitha, naseminyeni yezimoto bahamba — izibalo ezivela emininingwane yokubala.
  • Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Formula Grants:[[FFLT:1] I-Urbated Areated Formula Program (Ukuguqula Ngonyaka 5307) noMthelela Onyuliweyo Wamafemu no-Alense OneSimo sobudala nohlelo lokukhubazeka (Uhlelo 5310) usebenzisa amanani abantu abasuka ekubaleni inani lenani labantu abathatha i-deculo-mvume ukuze anike imali izinhlangano zokuthutha emadolobheni alingana namakhulu ahlukene. Umphakathi ongabalwayo ungahlukaniswa endaweni encane edolobha, ulahlekelwe ukufinyelela izigidi zamadola emali emboni enhloko yempaza kanye nokusekela.
  • Ikhondestion Mitigation ne profection Moyer Service program: Lohlelo luhlasela izindawo ezingafinyelelanga izinga lomoya lesizwe. Indlela yokuxhasa imali ihlanganisa imininingwane yomphakathi esukela ekubaleni ukuze kuthole izifunda ezifanele. Izibalo ezingalinganiswayo zingaba iziqu ze-skaw ze-seat yohlobo lomoya futhi zinciphise izimali zemisebenzi yokuguqula i-transport.
  • Inqubo ye-Apps Alternative Program (AP): esetshenziselwa izindlela zebhayisekili, izakhiwo ezihamba ngezinyawo, nezindlela zokuzilibazisa, izimali ze-TAP zabelwa amazwe ngenxa yenani labantu. Ukubalwa kwabantu okuphansi kusho amadollar ambalwa kakhulu emikhankasweni yezokuhamba, ngokuvamile egxekwa kakhulu emiphakathini egciniwe.

Ngalé kwalezizindlela eziqondile, ukwaziswa kokubala kuthinta futhi ukwabiwa kwezimali zemisebenzi yokuthutha yasemaphandleni, ukudlula kwesitimela esiphephile, nesisekelo setheku. U.S. Department of Transport kuqokomisa ngokucacile ukuthi inani labantu elinembile libalulekile ekuhleleni nasekusekeleni imisebenzi yokuthutha ehlangabezana nezidingo ezikhulayo neziyashintsha.

Imiphumela Yokungahlali Ngaphansi Kwezinto Zokuhamba

Uma inani labantu liphansi, inani lamazwe lingaba nemiphumela emibi nehlala njalo kwezokuhamba. Izakhamuzi ezimpofu kakhulu, abantu abambalwa, noma abakhuluma isiNgisi, cishe ziphuthelwa ngokomlando ukubalwa kwabantu. Lokhu kubangela umjikelezo omubi: izindawo ezingatholakali imali etheni kahulumeni, okungaholela ekuncipheni kwezezimali, okunganciphisa izinga lokuphila kwezomnotho.

Ngokwesibonelo, indawo esedolobheni ethola inombolo ephansi yenetha engu-2% ingalahlekelwa izigidi emigwaqweni emikhulu futhi ikhokhelwe iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi. Le mishini elahlekayo ngenxa yokuthi imishini yokuxhasa imali ivame ukusebenzisa imininingwane yamuva kakhulu yeminyaka engapheli kuze kube yilapho kuphinda kufundwa abantu, okusho iphutha ngo-202020 elithinta imali kusukela ngo-2022 kuya ku-2032. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, imigwaqo ingawohloka ngaphandle kokukhuthulwa, imigwaqo yamabhasi inganqanyulwa, futhi imisebenzi emishaye ingalindwa noma isuswe ngenxa yemali ehambisana nayo.

Izibonelo Zangempela Zezwe Zokwehluka Komnotho

Ukuhlolwa kwezenzakalo zobalo lwenani labantu esikhathini esidlule kubonisa ukuthi izakhiwo zamuva ze-Cunity zabonisa ukuthi idolobha laseDetroit labhekana nokwehla kwenani labantu okwabhalwa ngokomthetho, kodwa abaningi baphikisa ukuthi inani lazo lalahlekelwa izinkulungwane zezakhamuzi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibhekene nokufika kanzima. Ngenxa yalokho, idolobha kwadingeka ukuba linciphise imali yokuhamba nokulungisa imigwaqo ngesikhathi lapho isakhiwo sezendlu sese siwohloka. Ngokufanayo, amaphaphu asemaphandleni anenani eliphansi lokusabela ngo-2010 abona ukwehla kwenani lezindawo ze-Transit Luciose program yezeNguquko Yezempilo, iphoqelele abanye ukuba baqede izinkonzo ezihlangene nezindawo zemisebenzi kanye nezokunakekelwa kwempilo.

Ukuhlaziywa I-Office ye-accouncial Government yathola ukuthi inani elingaphansi kwamanani phakathi konyaka ka-2020 Credies lalilibi kakhulu kubantwana abancane, abaqashi, namakhaya amaHispanic. Ngoba lamaqembu ancike kakhulu ekuthuthweni komphakathi, ukulahlekelwa kwezimali kuthinta labo abadinga izimiso eziqinile zokuthutha.

Izithiyo Zokubala Abantu Abahlanganyelayo Nethonya Lazo Ekuthuthweni

Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani eminye imiphakathi ingabalwa kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthatha iqhaza lokubala abantu.

Ukwethembana Nokukhathazeka Ngezindaba Zomuntu Siqu

Ukungathembani kukahulumeni kuyisici esibalulekile, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwemiphakathi yabafuduki, abantu abamibalabala, nalabo abaye babhekana nokuqashelwa noma ukucwaswa. Umzamo womphathi weTrump wokwenezela umbuzo wesizwe eMbangweni wokwenyuka kwe-2020 wanda wesaba ukuthi impendulo izosetshenziswa ekuqinisekiseni ukuthunyelwa kwabantu abavela kwamanye amazwe. Nakuba lombuzo wawuvaleke kakhulu, umphumela waqhubeka. Uma abantu besaba ukubalwa, cishe ngeke bahlanganyele, futhi umphumela walokho kusho ukuthi imiphakathi yabo ilahlekelwa imali yokuhamba — okuyizindleko ezingokoqobo eziqinisa ukungethembani.

Izithiyo Zolimi Nezokutholakala

Ukuzihlukanisa kwabantu ngelimi kungenye isithiyo esinzima. Ukubalwa kwabantu kutholakala ngezilimi eziningi, kodwa abaningi ababuzwayo abangakwazi isiNgisi basalwa nge-inthanethi noma indlela yokubhala iphepha. Ezindaweni lapho izilimi ezingezona isiNgisi zikhulunywa khona ekhaya, izinga lokusabela liphansi. Izinhlangano zezokuthutha zivame ukusebenza kule miphakathi efanayo, zinikeza izindawo zokukhosela amabhasi nezikhungo zokuthutha ezingaba izindawo ezingcono zosizo lwezilimi eziningi — kodwa ngokuvamile ziyantula ukubambisana.

Inani Labantu Elinzima

Eminye imiphakathi kunzima ukubala: abantu abangenamakhaya, abantu abahlala eqenjini, izisebenzi ezifudukayo, nalabo abahlala emaphandleni angenamakheli avamile. Kubantu abahlela izinto zokuhamba, lamaqembu futhi aphakathi kwezisebenzi ezithembele kakhulu ekuhambeni komphakathi nakungenazo imishini. Inani labantu abangenamakhaya lilahlekelwa izimali zokuthola izindawo zokukhosela, izindlela zokuthola umsebenzi, nentuthuko yokuphepha eduze kwemigwaqo lapho abantu behlala khona ngaphandle komdlandla.

Izinqubo Zokwanda Kwenani Lokuhlanganyela Ezindaweni Zokuthutha

Ngoba imali yokuthutha ihlobene ngokuqondile nokubalwa kwabantu ngokunembile, izinhlangano zezokuthutha, izinhlangano zokuhlela amadolobha (amaMPO), kanye namaDoT kahulumeni anesisusa esinamandla sokukhuthaza ukuba abantu bahlanganyele. Amasu aphumelelayo ahilela ukubambisana, ukuthumelelana imiyalezo nokusebenzisa izakhiwo ezikhona.

Ukuhlangana Kwabangane Nezinhlangano Ezishintshayo Ne - MPO

Amanxusa athutha kakade anazo iziteshi zokuxhumana nabagibeli abayizigidi. Phakathi neminyaka yokubalwa kwabantu, izinhlangano zinganikeza izimpumputhe, izimpawu zeposi, futhi zisebenzise imiboniso yezibalo kumabhasi nasezitimeleni ukukhumbuza abagibeli ukuba baqede ukubala. Ezinye izinkampani zezokuthutha zize zinikeze iziteleke zamahhala emitatsheni yezincwadi noma ezindaweni zomphakathi lapho usizo lwababalo lukhona khona. Ama-MPO, ahlela ukuhlelwa kwezokuhamba okubanzi ezifundeni ezisemadolobheni, angahlanganisa ukuhlanganisa imiyalezo yesivumelwano sawo. Brookings Intection Istitution

Ukusebenzisa Izikhungo Zokuhamba Ukuze Kuqashelwe Izibalo

Iziteshi, iziteshi zesitimela, nezindawo zokupaka ezinamapaki nezindawo zokuthutha izimoto ziyizindawo eziphakeme lapho ukunyuselwa kwabantu kungafinyelela khona kakhulu. Ukumisa iziteshi zokuqeda ukubala kwabantu zesikhashana nezibhebhe nezisebenzi eziqeqeshiwe (ukulandela iziqondiso zezempilo zomphakathi) kungathatha ukusabela kwabantu abangase bangahlanganyeli. Ngo-2020, amadolobha amaningana abeka abameleli bama-Censure Bureault ezikhungweni ezinkulu zokuthutha, okuphumela ezinkulungwaneni ezengeziwe. Lezi zikhungo futhi ziyizindawo ezingokwemvelo zokusakaza ukwaziswa ngokubaluleka kokubalwa kwemigwaqo yendawo nezokuthutha.

Ubuchwepheshe Bokusebenzisa Imininingwane

Abahleli bezokuhamba bangasebenzisa ukwaziswa kwabo ukuze baphawule izindawo nokusabela okuncane okubikezelwe. Ngokuhlola indlela yokugibela imoto, imininingwane yezimoto nezindawo zokuthatha uhambo, abahleli bangakhomba izindawo lapho imithombo yezohwebo kufanele isetshenziswe khona. Lendlela yokuhlongoza ingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imiphakathi esengozini kakhulu — leyo ehluleka kakhulu ekutholeni inani eliphansi — ithola ukunaka okwengeziwe.

Ubalo Lwama - 2020 Nezinkinga Zawo Zokusekela Imali Yokuhamba

Ubalo lwama-2020 lwabhekana nezinselele ezingakaze zibonwe ngenxa yobhadane lwe-COVOID-19, izinhlekelele zemvelo, nokuphazamisa kwezombangazwe. Izinga lokusabela kwesigaba sokuzifaka komzimba ngokwawo lalingu-66,5%, liphansi kuno-2010 (76,3%) ngo-20%) kunabadwebi bezibalo, ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi u-2020 Censues wayenokubaluleka okuncane, ikakhulukazi kwezingane ezincane, abemi baseMelika nama-Spanishi, nabantu abahlala ezindaweni zasemaphandleni.

Izinselele Phakathi Nomjikelezo Wama - 2020

Lo mqedazwe waphoqelela i-Census Bureau ukuba ibambezele ukuhlinzwa kwemisebenzi, futhi ukufinyelelwa kwesikhathi sokulungisa ukwaziswa kwaholela ekukhathazekeni ngezinga eliphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imizamo yomphathi weTrump yokususa izifiki ezingabhaliwe ekuhlukaniseni amanani abangela ukudideka nokwesaba. Izinhlangano eziningi zokuhamba zazikhuluma ngesidingo sokubala okuphelele nokunembile, kodwa isimo esiguquguqukayo senza kwaba nzima ukuhlanganisa ngokuphumelela.

Ushintsho Nokuhlola I - post-Census

I-Census Bureau isebenzisa ukuhlola kwangemva kokulinganisa imposiso yokuhlanganisa i-net. Imiphumela esukela ekuhlolweni kwe-2020 Post-Enumeriation yabonisa ukuthi inani labantu base-Hispanic lalinenethi elingaphansi kwa-4.99%, kuyilapho inani labamhlophe abangebona abaphezulu lalinenenethi elingaphezu kuka-0.2%.2%. Le zindawo ezihlukene ziyothinta izimali zokuhamba phakathi nawo wonke ama-2020. Izakhamuzi ezinhlalo zamazwe ezinezingalelwanga kakhulu ziyo zithola imali encane kunezezingabizwa ngokuthi zikhona, zandisa izikhala ezikhona. I-DOT. i-U.S. i-DOT iyazi ukuthi lomagazini iyazi ukuthi izindlela zokulungisa ukunikeza imvume yokuthola imali eyaziwayo, kodwa ukulungisa okunjalo kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kunezimo ezisemthethweni.

Bheka Phambili: Ukuhlelwa Kwenani Nokuhlelwa Kwezokuhamba Kwango - 2030

Kusukela ku-2030 Census emkhathizwe, abagcini bezokuhamba banethuba lokulungiselela. Izinyathelo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa ukusekela ukuxhaswa kwemali eyanele ye-Census Bureau, ukukhuthaza ukusabela ngemishini ngesikhathi kugcinwa amapesenti asetshenziswayo alabo abangangeni i-Internet, nokwakha ukuthembana ngokuthembisana komphakathi. I-Census Bureaual kakade ihlola ngokusebenzisa amarekhodi esimiso sokuqondisa kanye neminye imithombo yemininingwane ukuze ithuthukise ukunemba, okunganciphisa ukuncika ekuzibekeleni komuntu ngokwakhe. Nokho, isimiso esiyisisekelo siyaqhubeka: wonke umuntu ophuthelwa yimali engekho emigwaqo, amabhulohwe, amabhasi, nezinye izitishi ezincishinishi ezincike kubantu.

Abahleli bezokuhamba kufanele baqale kuqala ukuqapha inani labantu ngokushesha ngokuhlanganisa ukuqapha kwabo okuvamile. Amashabhu okuqasha, ukusebenzisa imithombo yezokuxhumana, nokubambisana nezikole nezinhlangano ezisekelwe kukholo kungadala impucuko yokuhlanganyela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-DOT nama-MPO angathi ahlanganyele kuhlelo lwe-Censues Bureault of Censurection Addes (LUCA) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uhlu lwekheli lunembile, ukunciphisa inani lezindlu eziphuthelwe.

Isiphetho: Isizathu Sokuba Ukusabela Ngakunye Kubaluleke Kuwe

Ukuhlobana phakathi kokubala abantu nezakhiwo zokuhamba kuqondile futhi akunakwenzeka. Umuntu ongabaliwe angabonakala ephansi, kodwa edolobheni lezigidi, umphumela onqwabelanayo ungafinyelela emakhulwini ezigidi zamaRandi ekulahlekelweni kwemali unyaka ngamunye. Lokho kulahlekelwa yizimali kushintshela ezingosini ezingagcwaliswanga, emigwaqweni yamabhasi engamili emuva, emigwaqweni yamabhayisekili engakheki, nakuyizimiso zesitimela ezingasakwazi ukuhlangabezana nesidingo. Kumuntu ngamunye, umphumela uba ukuthatha uhambo olude, izindleko zokulungisa izimoto, nokukhetha okumbalwa kokuhamba.

Wonke umuntu — kusukela kwabagibeli bezimoto kuya kubashayeli bamaloli kuya kubazali abahamba beya esikoleni — uzuza lapho umphakathi wabo ubalwa ngokugcwele. Ukuthatha isinyathelo sokubala abantu akuyona nje indaba yomsebenzi kahulumeni; kuyisidingo esiwusizo sokwakha nokugcina isimiso sokuhamba esisebenza ngokulinganayo. Ukubalwa okulandelayo akukude, futhi umsebenzi wokukhulisa ukuqapha, ukuthembana, nokususa imingcele kumelwe kuqale manje.