Ukuhlanganyela NjengeNsika Yokubusa Kwentando Yeningi

Ukuthatha isinyathelo sokudla imishini kubhekwa kabanzi njengesilinganiso esiyisisekelo sempilo yentando yeningi. Uma izakhamuzi zifaka amavoloti, azikhethi abaholi bazo kuphela kodwa futhi ziphawula ukufaneleka kwesimiso sezombangazwe. Ukuthatha i-colout kungaqeda ukuthemba ezinhlanganweni futhi inqubo yezobushiqela ibangele izithakazelo ezilinganiselwe. Kubafundisi, kubafundi, nabaholi bomphakathi, ukuqonda ithonya elinezinhlangothi eziningi lokuthatha ivoti kubalulekile ekuqiniseni izinqubo zentando yeningi kuzo zonke izinga.

Lesi sihloko sihlola izici ezithonya umvoti, imiphumela yokuhlanganyela (noma ukuntuleka kwawo), imingcele ephikelelayo egcina abavoti befanelekile ezindaweni zokuvota, kanye namasu angathuthukisa ukuthembisana. Sihlola nendlela ubuchwepheshe obululaza ngayo okuhlangenwe nakho kokuvota nokuthi lokho kusho ukuthini ngekusasa lentando yeningi.

Ukuchaza Ukuhlanganyela Kwezinto Eziphilayo Nemisebenzi Yazo

Ukuthatha inxaxheba, okwaziwa nangokuthi yivota, kuvame ukubalwa njengenani labantu abavotayo (VAP) noma inani elikwaziyo ukuvota (VEP) elifaka ivoti kukhetho olunikezwayo. Le mimeta ivumela abacwaningi ukuba baqhathanise ukuhlanganyela emazweni, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, naphakathi kwamaqembu amanani abantu. Nakuba ukuvota okukhulu kuvame ukugujwa, izinga lokuhlanganyela ngokusemthethweni (jengh ) njengokuvota nokumelana nokukhomba udaba olungaqondani nenani eliyiyo.

Ngokwemininingwane evela ku- Internationalpolate Institute for Democratic and Electoral Arective (IDEA), umvoti wembulunga yonke kukhetho lukamongameli nomthetho ngokuvamile uye wehla phakathi namashumi ambalwa eminyaka adlule, okunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezizwe. Ukuqonda lemiqondo kusiza ukubona ukuthi isibopho sombuso wentando yeningi siyawohloka kuphi nalapho ukungenela kudinga kakhulu khona.

I - “reving Turbout ”: I - VAP vs.VEP

Inani labantu abavotayo lihlanganisa wonke umuntu oneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-18 ubudala, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imingcele engokomthetho noma eqinile. Nokho, inani labantu abavotayo alibafaki abantu abangewona amavoti, abantu abanezinkolelo eziqinile (ezindaweni ezibahlukanisayo), futhi labo ababhekwa njengabangaqondi kahle engqondweni. I-VEP inikeza umfanekiso onembile wokuthatha iqhaza langempela kodwa kunzima kakhulu ukubala ngokungaguquki. Abacwaningi ngokuvamile basebenzisa i-VAP ukuze baqhathanise i-VP ezindaweni ezihlukene, kuyilapho i-VEP ithandwa ekuhlazisweni kwasekhaya.

Kuyi- United States, i-Census Bureau ibika ukuthi umvoti ohlwini lomongameli uye washintsha phakathi kwe-50% ne-67% ye-VEP kusukela ngo-1960, ngokugadla okuphawulekayo kuya ku 66,8% ngo-2020. Lokho kwanda (ukuhlanganisa okungaphezulu kwezombangazwe, ukuvota kweposi, kanye nokuhlanganisa okukhulu okungalungiswanga kodwa okungashintshwa ngokushesha ekusabeleni ekutholeni inguquko ekwakheni nasemasikweni.

Izici Ezithonya Ushintsho

Ukuqonda lezi zici kusiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani amanye amaqembu esetshenziswa ngokweqile kulezi zinqumo kuyilapho amanye eqhubeka engekho ngaphansi kwalezi zinqumo.

Iminyaka Nezimbali

Inkathi ihambisana ngokungaguquki: abavoti abadala, ikakhulukazi labo abaneminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu, bavota ngamazinga aphakeme kakhulu kunabo abasanda kuvota. Kunyulwa ngo-2020 e-U.S., izakhamuzi ezineminyaka engu-65-74,74 zaba nesilinganiso sokuzihambela kwengu-76.0%, uma kuqhathaniswa no-3,3% yalabo abaneminyaka engu-18-24. Leligebe liqhubekela kuleyondawo futhi lifakwa ezicini eziningi ezifana nokuzinzisa ukuphila, ukwakheka komkhuba, kanye nezigxobo ezicatshangelwayo ezimisweni ezifana ne-Social Security and Medicidare. Imizamo yokufaka u-Revotaywooday, imikhankambiso yezokuxhumana, nokuvota kweminyaka engu-16 ephansi kwezokuvotasi - 16 kuveza imiphumela engcono kodwa ethembisa.

Ukufinyelela Ezemfundo

Imfundo ingenye yezibikezelo ezinamandla kakhulu zokuvota. Abantu abaneziqu zasekolishi basengozini enkulu yokuvota kunalabo abanemfundo yasesikoleni esiphakeme kuphela noma abangaphansi. Imfundo yakha amakhono okuqonda, yandisa ukuqaphela izimpikiswano zezombangazwe, futhi ikhuthaza umuzwa womsebenzi wezembutho. Ngo-2020, i-Censurebration Bureaution bathola ukuthi i- 78.5% yezakhamuzi ezinezinga eliphezulu noma ivota, uma kuqhathaniswa nezingu-546,2% zalabo abanemfundo ephezulu kunaleyo ephezulu. Lokhu kuphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekile ngokuphathelene no-equivery, njengoba imfundo ivame ukuhlukanisa i-spartmental international international nevern and holation.

Isimo Sezenhlalo Nezomnotho

Izimo zezenhlalo (SS) ezilinganiswa yimali eholayo, ingcebo, nomsebenzi (ihlangene kakhulu nokuvota. Abantu abacebile abagcini nje ngokubhekana nezithiyo ezimbalwa ze-logostics (umzz., bathatha isikhathi sokusebenza, bagcine ezokuhamba) kodwa futhi bathintana ngokuqondise kakhulu nemikhankaso namaqembu aphansi kakhulu. Ukuhlola okungu 2023 nge- Ukucwaninga [[FLT] Isikhungo sokucwaninga [ bathola ukuthi eUnited States, u-votion kwimalitha engenisa imali engaphezulu kakhulu ejikayo isuka emagatsheni acishe amaphesenti angu-20 angaphezulu kunalawo aselitheni eliphansi kakhulu. Lengxenye ingaholela ekuzuziseni okuzuzisa kakhulu, ngokuqhubekayo ukulingana nokulingana.

Ukuhileleka Kwezombangazwe Nezingosi Zomphakathi

Ukuthembisana ngengqondo ("ezengqondo"" njengokuthakazelela okuphathelene nezombangazwe, ukukholelwa ekusebenzeni kokuvota, kanye nomuzwa wesibopho somphakathi − kubikezela ngokuqinile ukuhlanganyela. Abantu abaxoxa ngezombangazwe njalo, abaya emihlanganweni yomphakathi, noma abalandela izindaba cishe kakhulu bangavota.' Izinhlangano zomphakathi zifeza indima ewujuqu: uma abangane, umkhaya, noma abantu abasebenza nabo bevota, umuntu usengozini kakhulu yokwenza kanjalo. Lokhu kwaziwa njengokucindezela kwezenhlalo, futhi kungaboshelwa ngamasu afana nezifungo zomphakathi noma ukuvota kwezinhlangano zomphakathi.

Imiphumela Yokuhlanganyela Kwezimpahla Zomculo (nokwehluka Kwazo)

Umvoti omkhulu akaqinisekisi ukubusa okuhle, kodwa kudala izimo ezithuthukisa ukumelelwa nokulandisa.

Ukumelela Nomthetho Kahulumeni

Uma ukuvota kuphansi, amavoti akhethayo avame ukuba madala, acebe kakhulu, futhi abe nomqondo oweqisayo kunabantu bonke. Ngenxa yalokho, izikhulu ezikhethiwe zinganakekela lo mngcele omncane wabakhethi kunokuba zinakekele izithakazelo zomphakathi ezibanzi. Ngokungafani, amanxusa afuna ukudlulisa izicelo zokuvota ngokwehlukene kakhulu, zihlanganisa intsha, abampofu, nabangabambalwa − ukuhola ekusunguleni imithetho emeleleyo. Ohulumeni abakhethwe ngokuhlanganyela kakhulu nabo futhi bajabulela ukufaneleka okukhulu futhi cishe ababhekene nokuvukela noma inselele igunya labo.

Imiphumela Yesimiso Nokuthuthwa Kwemithombo Yengcebo

Ukucwaninga kuye kwabonisa ngokungaguquki ukuthi ukuvota okuphakeme kuholela ezimisweni zemali ezithuthukisiwe, kuhlanganise nokuchitha imali eningi ezinkonzweni zomphakathi, emfundweni, nasemzimbeni wesisekelo. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlola kwe-National Bureau of Economic Research[ kuthola ukuthi izilinganiso zomvoti ophakeme eUnited States zithola imali eyengeziwe enikezwa umphakathi ngamunye. Ngokufanayo, amazwe anokuvota (*) futhi kanjalo cishe wonke umhlaba uhlanganyele ekusebenziseni ingxenye enkulu ye-GDP ezinkonzweni zempahla zomphakathi njengezempilo nempesheni.

Ingozi Yokubanjwa Yi - Elite

Umnyango ophansi uvulela izisulu eziphambili, lapho amaqembu enzalo ahlelwe kahle , njengamaqembu ezentengiselwano, abaxhasi, noma abashisekeli abathathi-mfantu ababodwa − asebenza ngethonya elingalinganiyo kwezombangazwe. Emazweni lapho umvoti esenciphile khona kakade, lamaqembu anganikeza umthetho ngokuphumelelayo ngaphandle kokudinga ukusekelwa okuthandwa kakhulu. Lokhu kungaholela ezimisweni ezisekela izithakazelo ezilinganiselwe, njengokuphulwa kwentela kwabacebile noma ukukhokhwa kwezentengiselwano, kuyilapho zingazinaki izidingo zeningi.

Izithiyo Eziphikelelayo Ekushumayeleni

Naphezu kokubaluleka okuqashelwayo kokuhlanganyela, abavoti abaningi abafanelekayo babhekana nezithiyo ezibavimbela ekufakeni ivoti.

Izithiyo Zokwakha Nezokufinyelela

Ukutholakala kwezindawo zokuhlola kuseyindaba ebalulekile. Izindawo zokuhlola ezibekwe kabi, izikhathi ezinde, nokuswela ukuthutha komphakathi kuthinta ngokungenakulinganiswa inzuzo ephansi kanye nemiphakathi yasemaphandleni. Ezifundazweni eziningi zase-U.S., ukulinda amahora amaningi ngoSuku lokuHlaziya kuvamile ezindaweni ezimbalwa kakhulu, ezingavimbela abantu ukuba bavote ngezikhathi ezilandelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abakhubazekile bavame ukuhlangana nezingosi zokuhlola ezingenayo, abahumushi abakhulu abanyathelisi bezincwadi, noma abachazi abachaza ngezimpawu, bephula izimfuneko zamaMelika nge-Actal Division.

Imithetho Ecacile

Imithetho ye-ID eqinile, eye yamiswa ezifundazweni eziningi, ifuna abavoti ukuba banikeze i-ID yezithombe ezithathwe kuhulumeni enqulwini. Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi lemithetho ivimbela ukukhwabanisa, kodwa ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi ukukhohlisa okunjalo akuvamile kakhulu. Abagxeki baveza ukuthi izigidi zabantu abafanelekayo abavoti (kakhulu-kakhulu-kanye kanye abaphansi, abambalwa, futhi asebekhulile (h___ukungalutholi ulwazi oludingekayo. [2022] ukuhlolwa i-Brenan Center yeJastice [[]]] kulinganiselwa ukuthi izigidi ezingu-11% zovoti ezifanele ukuvota okungenayo, izitho ze-okheli zikahulumeni, kanye nomthwalo wokuthola umuntu onciphile kakhulu ngempahla elinganiselwe.

Ukungaqondi Nokungaqondi

Ukwanda kokwaziswa okungamanga ngezinqubo zokuvota, abavoti, kanye nokuphepha kokhetho kungadida izakhamuzi futhi kuzivimbele ekuvotelweni. Eminyakeni yamuva, imikhankaso yokususa imiyalezo . . kokubili imikhankaso yezezizwe neyasekhaya − iye yahlasela imiphakathi ethile ngokusho okungamanga ngokuvota ngeposi, ngokulahla amabhokisi, nokufaka imvume yokuvota. Lemizamo isebenzisa ukungathembana okukhona ezinhlanganweni futhi inganciphisa ukuncishiswa phakathi kwamaqembu angenazisulu. Ukulwisana nokwaziswa kudinga imizamo eqhubekayo emapulatifomuni ezokuxhumana, emithonjeni yezindaba, nakubafundisi bezembutho.

Ukunganaki Nokungavumelani Nezombangazwe

Ngisho noma imingcele isuswa, abavoti abaningi abafanelekayo bamane banomuzwa wokuthi ukuvota kwabo ngeke kusenze umehluko. Lomuzwa wobuze obungokwezombangazwe − noma ukunganaki okuvame ukusuka emibonweni yokuthi abezombangazwe bonakele, ukuthi isimiso sixhomekile, noma ukuthi abathandi baso abangenakuphumelela. Ebukhonzweni bentando yeningi obumisiwe, ukuthembela kuhulumeni bekulokhu kwehla amashumi eminyaka, okuholela ekuthatheleni phambili, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwezizukulwane ezisha. Ukubuyisela umuzwa wokuphumelela akudingi imfundo engcono nje kuphela kodwa futhi nobufakazi obucacile bokuthi ukuvota kuholela ekushintsheni.

Amasu Okwandisa Ingxenye

Ukuqinisa ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuvota kudinga indlela ebanzi esingatha kokubili izithiyo zokwakha kanye nezisusa. Amazwe amaningi aye asebenzisa izinguquko ngokuphumelelayo ezithuthukisa ukuphumelela ngaphandle kokuhlehla ukulondeka.

Imfundo Yesibalo Ezikoleni Nasemiphakathini

Imfundo yomphakathi yasekuqaleni futhi eqhubekayo ingakwenza kube yinqubo yokuvota futhi yakhe imikhuba yokuphila konke. Izinhlelo ezilingisa ukhetho, ukufundisa ukufundwa kwezindaba, nokuxhumanisa abafundi nezikhulu zikahulumeni wendawo zibonisiwe zikhulisa ukuvuleka kwamuva ekuphileni. Ngokwesibonelo, i- Conter for Information & Research on Clivic Learning and Beginement (CIRCITment) eTufts University inikeza abafundisi imithombo esekelwe ekuvoti yesivumelwano sovoti esiya. Ngokufanayo, amashabhulo asekelwe emphakathini achaza inqubo yokubhalisa, ukucwaninga, ubuchwepheshe bokuvota, nendlela ukucwaninga okungagunyaza ngayo abantu abadala abangakaze bayivote.

Ukwenza Imisebenzi Iphumelele

Ukukwenza lula umsebenzi wokuvota − ngokuvota kwasekuqaleni, ukubhalisa iposi, ukubhalisa iposi ngosuku olufanayo, nokuvota ngempelasonto − kuye kwaboniswa ngokuqhubekayo ukuba kwande. i-Oregon, iColorado, neWashington, eqhuba ukhetho ngokusemthethweni ngeposi, ibone amazinga okuvota alokhu edlula isilinganiso sobuzwe. Ukuvota okuzimela okubhalisayo (AVR), lapho izakhamuzi zibhaliswa khona lapho zisebenzelana nenxusa likahulumeni (njenge-DMV), kuye kwabonakala futhi kuphumelela: nge-AVR i-avR inezela izigidi zevoti ezibhaliswe ngokomthetho eminyakeni embalwa.

Ukuthunjwa Nokuthonywa Ontanga

Uma abangane, umkhaya, noma omakhelwane bekhuthaza othile ukuba avote, umphumela ungamandla. Izinhlangano ezinjenge-Voter Pavention Center zisebenzisa i-data-driven ihlose ukuthumela izikhumbuzo ezizezabo ngeposi, ngocingo, noma nge-mbhalwelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, "veza ivoti" (GOTV) ihlolwa ngomnyango ukuya ku-odwa noma ngamabhange ocingo. Ziye zaboniswa ukwandisa i-state-magements. Lezi zindlela zisebenza ngenxa yokuthi zisebenzisa izinqubo zomphakathi: abantu bafuna ukufeza izifiso zomphakathi wabo.

Ubuchwepheshe Nekusasa Lokufudumala

Inkathi yokusetshenziswa kwemishini iye yaletha amathuba nezinselele zokuhlanganyela ekuvoteni, nakuba ubuchwepheshe bukwazi ukubhalisa futhi bukwazi ukufinyelela imingcele eyengeziwe, bubuye bubangele nezingozi ezintsha zokugawula, ukugada nokukhipha ukwaziswa.

Ukubhalisa Kwangaphakathi Nokusakaza Okukude

I-OVR e-inthanethi yokuvota ikhona manje ezifundazweni eziningi zase-U.S. inciphisa amaphutha, inciphisa izindleko zokuphatha, futhi iphumelela kakhulu ekubhaliseni abavoti abasebasha. Amanye ama-ovration aye aqondisa ukuvota kwamasosha, izakhamuzi zaphesheya, futhi avotelwe ngokukhubazeka. Nokho, ukuvota okugcwele kuyi-inthanethi yokuvota kuseyimpikiswano ngenxa yezinkinga zokulondeka .Nkalokhu kungena simiso sokuzivikela ekuhlaseleni i-ibhusayithi, futhi ukufihla i-colot kumelwe kugcinwe.

Imithombo Yezindaba Yomphakathi Njengethuluzi Lokuthumba Izixuku

I-Platforms enjenge-Facebook, Istagram, ne-Tik Tok zingandisa ukuvuleka ngokusakaza izikhathi zokubhalisa, ukuhlola indawo, kanye nemininingwane yokuhlola. Phakathi nokhetho lwase-U.S., iFacebook yabika ukuthi isici sayo se "Voting Center" sasiza abasebenzisi abayizigidi ezingu-5,5. Nokho, amapulatifomu afanayo angasetshenziswa futhi ukusakaza amaqembu angenayo anezisulu ngezikhangiso ezidukisayo. Ukuhlola nokufunda nokufunda kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi isayensi yezesayensi isebenza idemocrity kunokuba ilulaze.

Isiphetho: Umsebenzi Oqhubekayo Wokuhlanganyela Ngokwentando Yeningi

Ukuthatha isinyathelo sokusebenza kwemishini ye-oter akuwona umkhiqizo owehlayo wesikhangiso esiphakathi kwesifiso somuntu, izimiso zomphakathi, umklamo weziqu, noshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe. I-parout ibonisa ubuthakathaka bezimiso ezingabhekiswa kulwazi ngemfundo, ukuvuselelwa, nangezindlela zokwakha ukuthembana. Ngokungafani, ukuthatha izimpawu zentando yeningi enempilo lapho kuzwakala khona amazwi ahlukahlukene futhi kuboniswa inqubo elungile.

Abafundisi, abafundi, nabaholi bomphakathi ngamunye banendima abangayifeza. Ngokufundisa abavoti nokubaluleka kokuvota, ngokususa imingcele yokungena, nangokufakela bona ngokwabo ubuzwe obubodwa, bangasiza ekunqandeni ukuncipha okuthatha isikhathi eside kokuhlanganyela. Ikusasa lentando yeningi alixhomekile kuphela elungelweni lokuvota kodwa nasekusebenziseni ngenkuthalo ilungelo lalokho ngezakhamuzi ezifanele.