Table of Contents

Lokho Umthetho - sisekelo Okushoyo Ngempela — Nesizathu Sokuba Kubaluleke Namuhla

Umthetho-sisekelo we-United States ungaphezu nje kwencwadi engokomlando ekhishwe ngemva kwengilazi eNational Archives. Lencwadi isebenza uhulumeni kahulumeni nomthombo ophelele wamalungelo esakhamuzi ngasinye. Ukuqonda amalungiselelo ayo ayinhloko kukusiza ukuba usebenzise ukuphila kwansuku zonke, kusukela ekukhulumeni ngezokuxhumana kuya ekusebenziseni ukugcinwa komthetho, ukuvota enkantolo, noma ekukhonzeni ejajini. Lesiqondiso sihlanganisa izici ezisebenzayo izakhamuzi zonke okufanele zazi, ngezibonelo zangempela zezwe nezincazelo ezicacile.

Ungafunda umbhalo ophelele woMthetho-sisekelo nezinguquko zawo ewebsiteni ye-' ye-National Archives.

Isiqinisekiso Samalungelo Abantu: Inkululeko Yakho Yansuku Zonke

Izinguquko zokuqala eziyishumi, ezagunyazwa ngo - 1791, zibizwa njengeSimemezelo Samalungelo Abantu. zanezelwa ngokukhethekile ekunciphiseni amandla kahulumeni futhi zivikele inkululeko yomuntu ngamunye. Nakhu lokho okushiwo yilowo nalowo ngawe ngokwezimo ezingokoqobo.

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala: Ukukhuluma, Inkolo, Izindaba, Umhlangano, Isicelo

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala senqabela uhulumeni ukuba wenze noma imuphi umthetho “uhloniphe ukumiswa kwenkolo, noma ukwenqabela ukuyisebenzisa ngenkululeko; noma ukunqanda inkululeko yokukhuluma, noma yezindaba; noma ilungelo labantu lokuhlangana ngokuthula, nokunxusa uHulumeni ukuba alungise izikhalo.” Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, lokhu kuvikela ilungelo lakho lokugxeka uhulumeni, ukwenza (noma ukungaqhubeli) noma iyiphi inkolo, ukuthatha imibhikisho, ukuthatha izimemezelo noma izikhangiso zezezindaba eziveza imibono yakho, nokusayina izicelo. Nokho, kunemingcele: ukuvuselela ubudlova, ukuhlanjalazwa kweqiniso, ukusongela, nokuhlambalaza. Ngokwesibonelo, awunakukhwaza “ukusha emdlalweni wemidlalo egcweleyo uma kungekho mlilo, futhi ngeke udlulise ukukhonakaliswa okungokwa okungokwamuntu.

ISichibiyelo Sesibili: Ilungelo Lokugcina Nokuthwala Izikhali

ISichibiyelo Sesibili sithi: “IMilitia elawulwa kahle, njengoba idingekile ekulondekeni koMbuso okhululekile, ilungelo labantu lokuphatha izikhali, ngeke iphazanyiswe.” INkantolo Ephakeme iye yakuchaza lokhu njengelungelo lomuntu lokuba nezikhali zokuzigoma, ngaphansi kwemithetho elinganiselwe (njengeziphetho zesizinda nemingcele yamafensi). Lokhu kuncishiswa kuhlala kuphikiswana kakhulu, ngemithetho eqhubekayo yenkantolo ephathelene nemithetho evimbelayo, ukuhlasela izikhali, nokuvimbela izikhali, kanye nezimfuneko zokugcinwa.

Isichibiyelo Sesithathu: Amasosha Ahamba Neqembu

Ungase ungacabangi ngalokhu, kodwa uhulumeni ukuvimbela ukuba uphoqelele ukuba uhlalise amasosha ekhaya lakho ngesikhathi sokuthula ngaphandle kwemvume yakho.

ISichibiyelo Sesine: Ukufuna Nokuzimela

ISichibiyelo sesine sikuvikela ekuphenyeni okungenangqondo nasekuqubukeni. Amaphoyisa ngokuvamile adinga imvume esekelwe entweni okungenzeka ibangele ukuba ufune imoto, imoto noma imiphumela yomuntu siqu. Kodwa kukhona okuhlukile: uma uvuma, uma ubufakazi busobala, uma uboshelwe, noma uma uvalelwe, noma uma kukhona isimo esiphuthumayo (izimo eziphuthumayo). Uma uhamba ngezimoto, iphoyisa lingakucela ukuba uphume emotweni kodwa ungakwazi ukuphenya ibhuthi ngaphandle kwesizathu esiqinisekile noma imvume yakho. Uma ucingo lwakho lubambekile, ngokuvamile amaphoyisa adinga isiqinisekiso sokudlula kulo. Lokhu kudinga isiqinisekiso esiphuthumayo sobuchwepheshe, lapho imininingwane yakho yomuntu siqu ihlala khona ngemishini nasemafwini.

Isichibiyelo Sesihlanu: Inqubo Efanele, Ukuziphikisa, Umonakalo Ophindwe Kabili

ISichibiyelo sesihlanu sikunikeza ilungelo lokuthula (“iNxusa yesihlanu”), ukuvikela ekuzanyweni kabili ngenxa yobugebengu obufanayo (ingozi ephindwe kabili), futhi siqinisekise ukuthi uhulumeni ngeke akuthathe ukuphila kwakho, inkululeko, noma impahla ngaphandle“ kwenqubo elindelekile yomthetho.” Kuhlanganisa nezindawo ezivelele: uhulumeni angathatha impahla eyimfihlo ukuze asetshenziswe umphakathi, kodwa kumelwe akukhokhele. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awunakuphoqeleka ukuba ufakazele wena ecaleni lobugebengu, futhi unelungelo lokuthatha inqubo elungile engokomthetho ngaphambi kokuba uphucwe noma yini.

ISichibiyelo Sesithupha: Ukuqulwa Kwecala Okusheshayo Nokuqulwa Komphakathi

Uma umangalelwa ngobugebengu, iSichibiyelo seSihlanu siqinisekisa ukuqulwa kwecala komphakathi okusheshayo, okunelungelo lokwazi icala obekwe lona, ukumangalela ofakazi, ukubiza ofakazi ukuze uvikele, nokuba nommeli. Uma ungakwazi ukunikeza ummeli, kumelwe unikezwe mahhala. Lokhu kusebenza kuwo wonke amacala angathi sína (labo abaphethe isikhathi esingase sibe sejele). “Icala” lisho ukuthi uhulumeni ngeke alilibalezelele icala lakho; uma bengenakulikhipha icala, uma belikhipha, icala lingase lisuswe.

ISichibiyelo Sesikhombisa: Ukulingwa Komphakathi

Ezimweni zomphakathi (izinqumo phakathi kwamaqembu azimele), iSichibiyelo Sesikhombisa silondoloza ilungelo lokuqulwa kwecala uma isilinganiso esiphikisanayo singaphezu kuka - R2,50. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umakhelwane wakho akanakukuhudulela enkantolo futhi uma uthola uma kuhileleke imali enkulu, ungafuna ukuba abahluleli bontanga yakho banqume.

ISichibiyelo Sesishiyagalombili: Unya Nesijeziso Esingavamile

Yingakho isijeziso sokufa sihlala sibekwa: izinkantolo zicabangela ukuthi izindlela ezithile (njengesijovo esibulalayo) ziwunya futhi ziwukulinganisela amandla kahulumeni okukhipha izinkokhiso ezingenakulinganiswa.

Izinqumiso Zesine Nezeshumi: Amalungelo Namandla Agciniwe

ISichibiyelo se-Ninth sithi ukuhlelwa kwamalungelo athile kuMthetho-sisekelo akusho ukuthi awunawo amanye amalungelo (njengelungelo lokuthola amathuba ezindaba zomuntu siqu, iNkantolo Ephakeme eye yawathola “eSigabeni Samalungelo Amalungelo”. ISiphakamiso se-Tenuth sokuwethula siwabhekise ezindaweni (noma abantu) nanoma yimiphi imibuso enganikezwanga ngokuqondile uhulumeni. Lokhu kuyisisekelo somthetho-mthetho-mthetho sobuzwe, esizohlola ngokwengeziwe engxenyeni yezwe elimelene namandla kahulumeni.

Ukuhlukana Kwamandla: Indlela Uhulumeni Ahlala Ngayo Elinganisela

UMthetho-sisekelo uhlukanisa uhulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni ube ngamagatsha amathathu: i-Legislative (Corent), i-Adevice (Presidenti ne-ocestration), ne- Judicial (izinkantolo). Ngalinye linemisebenzi ehlukene, futhi ngalinye lingahlola amanye. Lokhu kuvimbela noma iliphi igatsha ukuba lingabi namandla kakhulu.

Igatsha Elinomthetho (Ikhono I)

UKhomishane wenza imithetho. Indlu isekelwe ezakhamuzini zikahulumeni, yakhethwa njalo ngemva kweminyaka emibili, futhi iSigele (isifundazwe ngasinye, sakhethwa njalo eminyakeni eyisithupha). ISishaya-mthetho kuphela esingamemezela impi, intela ye-levy, intela ebolekiwe, imali, ilawula ezentengiselwano, nemali. Indlu inamandla okuqala izikweletu zemali kanye nokungagunyazi izikhulu zikahulumeni; iSigele siqinisekisa ukumiswa komongameli futhi sizame ukuvimbela ukuhlelwa kwemithetho.

Igatsha Eliphethe (Article II)

UMongameli umisa imithetho. UMongameli uyinhloko yamabutho ahlomile, angamisa umthetho, amise amajaji angokomthetho namanxusa (ngemvume yeSigele), futhi adlulisele ukuxolelwa. Igatsha eliphethe lihlanganisa izinhlangano zikahulumeni njenge FBI, i-EPA, ne-IRS ezimisa imithetho edluliswa yiSishaya-Mkhandlu. UMongameli umisa futhi umthetho wangaphandle nezivumelwano, ezifuna ukuvunyelwa kweSishayamthetho.

Igatsha Lokwahlulela (Article III)

INkantolo Ephakeme nezinkantolo eziphansi zikahulumeni zichaza imithetho noMthetho-sisekelo. Abahluleli abaphethe i-Federal bamiselwe ukuphila ukuze baqinisekise ukukhululeka. INkantolo Ephakeme inamandla okuhlola: ingagadla imithetho noma izenzo zokuphatha eziphula umthetho. Lamandla amiswa ku burybry v. Madison [18] [18] [1] [18]. Ngokwesibonelo, iNkakhulu iNkantolo yagawula ingxenye yomthetho womshado [[FLT]]] [i United States] v. [20]] [20] futhi isemthethweni efanayo ku-unyukst Courtstions [FLT]]

Ama - vicket Nokulinganisela Okusebenzayo

Lesimiso sisebenza ngamasheke: uMongameli angakhipha umthetho, kodwa uMkhandlu ungawudlulisa ngenani eliyisithathu. INkantolo Ephakeme ingamemezela umthetho ongekho emthethweni, kodwa uMkhandlu ungaveza izinguquko zokuqeda isinqumo seNkantolo (nakuba lokhu kuyivelakancane). UMongameli umisa abahluleli, kodwa iSigebengu siyabaqinisekisa. ISishaya-Mnyango silawula izimali, ngakho singalinganisela isenzo sesikhulu ngokulinganisela izimali ngokuvimbela. Lo mshini we-dock-of-war uzimisele futhi uqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ahlala exoxisana.

Ubumbano: Amandla Ahlukanisayo Phakathi Kohulumeni Besizwe NoMbuso

UMthetho-sisekelo wakha isimiso sikahulumeni lapho uhulumeni wesizwe ulinganiselwe, ubala amandla (njengokuqondisa ezentengiselwano zamazwe ahlukene, ukuqamba imali, nokuphatha ubudlelwane bakwamanye amazwe) futhi imibuso igcine amandla amakhulu amaphoyisa (ukulawula impilo, ukulondeka, inhlalakahle, nokuziphatha kwezakhamuzi zayo). Amazwe futhi asebenzisa ukhetho, imithetho yempahla, amise izakhiwo, futhi amise izikole. ISichibiyelo seshumi senza lokhu kube sobala.

Inqubo, uhulumeni usho ukuthi uphila ngaphansi kwemithetho emibili. Ngokwesibonelo, nakuba umthetho kahulumeni ubeka iholo elincane, izifundazwe zingamisa eliphezulu. Nakuba umthetho kahulumeni ususa insangu emongweni (umz., iParmer Bill for hemp), izifunda zingakhetha ukubhalisa ngokusemthethweni i-cannabis (njengoba abaningi bekhona) noma ukuyigcina ingekho emthethweni. I-Supremacy Claus eSiphakameni VI ithi lapho imithetho kahulumeni iphikisana nemithetho kahulumeni, umthetho kazwelonke uyanqoba — kodwa uma umthetho kahulumeni usemthethweni usemthethweni kuphela. Lokhu kuyindaba yokuzingezwani okuqhubekayo, njengempikiswano emayelana nokuthunyelwa kokuthutha nokuhlala kwabantu.

Indlela Izichibiyelo Ezisebenza Ngayo: Ukushintsha Umthetho - sisekelo

ISiphakamiso V sinikeza izindlela ezimbili zokuhlongoza ukumiswa: (1) amavoti amabili-ntathu kuzo zombili izindlu zobumba, noma (2) umhlangano womthetho-sisekelo obizwa ama-35 omthetho-mkhandlu wombuso (ongakaze usetshenziswe). I-Ratiation idinga izishaya-mfuno ezintathu kwezine zendlu yomthetho (noma imihlangano kazwelonke) — ukuthi angu-38 ezizweni ezingama-50. Lomnyango ophezulu wenza ukulungiswa kunzima kakhulu ukudlula; 27 kuphela oye wagunyaziswa kusukela ngo-1789. Ishumi lokuqala (iSidlo Samalungelo Amalungelo Omthetho) lavunyelwa kanye ngo1791. Ingqungquthela yamuva kakhulu (izifunda ezingu-7, cishe ushintsho lwemibuthano) yagunyazwa ngo- 1992 — eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-200 ngemva kwalokho kwahlozwa.

Ukwazi ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani ukulungisa kusiza ukuba uhlaziye izihlongozo zezombangazwe ukuze kulungiswe uhlelo olusha (isib., ukulinganisela okulinganiselwe kwemali, imingcele ye-Galume, noma amalungelo alinganayo). Kuchaza ukuthi kungani inqubo enkulu yenza izinguquko ngomthetho noma ukuchazwa kwenkantolo kunokushintsha komthetho - sisekelo.

Imithwalo Yakho Yemfanelo Njengesakhamuzi

UMthetho-sisekelo awudwebi imisebenzi ecacile yezakhamuzi, kodwa usho imithwalo yemfanelo ethile yokwenza isimiso sisebenze. Nansi imisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu, ngezenzo ezisebenzayo.

Hlala Unolwazi

Udinga ukwazi ukuthi yimiphi imithetho ehlongozwayo, indlela abameleli bakho abavota ngayo, nokuthi yiziphi izinqumo zenkantolo ezithinta amalungelo akho. Landela imithombo yezindaba ethembekile, funda izifushaniso zemali .Gov, futhi uqonde izimpikiswano eziyinhloko emphakathini wakho. Ukungazi akulona isivikelo, futhi ukwazi kukusiza ukuba usebenzise amalungelo akho ngokuphumelelayo.

Hlakulela Zonke Izici Ozikhethayo

Ukuncoma kuyindlela eyinhloko othonya ngayo uhulumeni. UMthetho-sisekelo ekuqaleni washiya izimfanelo zokuvota ezindaweni, kodwa izinguquko ezalandela zakhuliswa: i-15 (uhlobo alunakukwazi ukungafaneleki), ye-19 (yesi-9th), ye-24 (akukho intela yokuvota), neye-26 (ngeminyaka engu-18 nangaphezulu). Namuhla, sonke isakhamuzi esihlangabezana nezimfuneko zokuvota zikahulumeni nokubhalisa singavota. Hlola ukubhalisa kwakho nokubhalisa [. USUSA.. Vote kumongameli, eqenjini, e-ngqungquthele, simo, simo, nokhetho lwendawo. Izindaba zakho eziningi ezithinta izikole zakho, imigwaqo, imigwaqo, namaphoyisa.

Ukukhonza Ethuneni Lapho Ubizwa

Umsebenzi kaJury uyisibopho somthetho-sisekelo esivikelwe yiziNkampumpumputhe zeSithandathu neseSebethi. Uma ubizwa, kumelwe uvele ngaphandle kokuba uvunyelwe ngesizathu esizwakalayo (isizk., ubunzima obungokwezimali, izindaba zezokwelapha). Ukukhonza ejajini kuqinisekisa ukuthi abamangalelwa bathola ukuqulwa okulungile kontanga yabo. Kungenye yezindlela eziqondile ohlanganyela ngazo esimisweni sobulungisa. Abaqashi abaningi kumelwe bakunike isikhathi sokusebenza ejaji (ngakho konke).

Hlonipha Amalungelo Abanye

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela ilungelo lakho lokuveza imibono engathandeki, kodwa asikuvikeli ukuhlukunyezwa, ukuhlanjalazwa, noma ukubhebhethekiswa kobudlova. Uma usebenzisa amalungelo akho, kumelwe uvumele abanye benze okufanayo.

Xhumana Nabameleli Bakho

Isichibiyeli sokuqala siqinisekisa ilungelo lokunxusa uhulumeni. Ungabhala, ubize, noma uthumele i-imeyili amalungu e-Congress, ba khona emahholo edolobha, noma unikeze ukukhulumela ngezimiso ezihlongozwayo. Thola ummeleli wakho e House.gov[ kanye nabameleli bakho i-Stenate.gov. gov.[

Icala Lenkantolo Ephakeme Kunawo Wonke Amazwe Okufanele Alazi

Nazi iziphakamiso ezimbalwa ezithinta ngokuqondile amalungelo akho namuhla, ezihlobanisa imibono ephelele.

  • Marbury v. Madison (1803): emisiwe ukubukeza kokwahlulela — amandla eNkantolo okushaya imithetho ephula uMthetho-sisekelo.
  • Brown v. Board of Education (1954): imemezela ukuhlukaniswa ngokohlanga ezikoleni zomphakathi ngaphandle komthetho we-Playence Protect Claus e-14 Isichibiyeli.
  • [[QURT:0] Miranda v. Arizona (1966): Amaphoyisa ayedinga ukukwazisa ngamalungelo akho eSichibiyelo sesihlanu neseSisithupha mayelana nokuboshwa (isixwayiso seMiranda”.
  • Roe v. Wade (1973): Waqaphela ilungelo lomthetho-sisekelo lokukhipha isisu ngaphansi kwenqubo eyi-14 yeSichibiyelo senqubo; ngokwengxenye wabekwa umthetho wamaDobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization (2022).
  • quebizens United v. FEC (2010): Washo ukuthi izinkampani nezinyunyana zingasebenzisa imali engenamkhawulo enkulumweni yezombangazwe (kuhlanganise nezikhangiso zomkhankaso ezizimele), ezisekelwe esiMisweni sokuqala.
  • Obergefell v. Hodges (2015: iqinisekisa amalungelo omshado afanayo esizwe sonke ngaphansi kweSichibiyelo se 14 se-Genesi.
  • New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen (2022): Ukuvinjelwa kwemingcele yaseNew York kufaka umthetho ovumela, kuqinisa isivikelo sesibili sokuthwalwa komphakathi.

Ungabheka wonke amacala aseNkantolo Ephakeme futhi ufunde imibono e enkantolo engokomthetho yecala [.

Amalungelo Akho Ezimweni Zansuku Zonke

Ukwazi amalungelo akho angokomthetho kukusiza ukuba ubhekane nokuxhumana okuvamile nokugcinwa komthetho, izikhulu zikahulumeni, ngisho nabadlali babadlali abazimele (nakuba uMthetho - sisekelo ngokuvamile uvimbela ukuthatha isinyathelo sikahulumeni).

Ukumiswa Kwezimoto Nokuhlangana Namaphoyisa

  • Akudingeki ukuba uphendule imibuzo ngaphandle kokuyinikeza igama lakho nemvume yokukwenza.
  • Unelungelo lokwenqaba ukuseshwa kwemoto yakho noma umuntu. Uma amaphoyisa efuna, ungalwi ngokomzimba — yithi “Angivumi ukusesha.” Lokho kulondoloza ilungelo lakho lokubekela inselele ukuseshwa kamuva.
  • Uma uboshwa, unelungelo kummeli, cela ucele omunye ngokushesha futhi ungasho lutho kuze kube yilapho ummeli wakho efika.
  • Uma ungalitholi ilungelo lokuhlala (isib., ithikithi lomgwaqo), ungabuza ukuthi “Ingabe ngikhululekile ukuba ngihambe?” Uma kunjalo, hamba ngomoya ophansi.

Ukuqopha Amaphoyisa Omphakathi

Isichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela ilungelo lakho lokuqopha amaphoyisa enza imisebenzi yawo ezindaweni zomphakathi, uma nje ningagxambukela emsebenzini wawo.

Ukubuka Izintuthwane

  • Unelungelo lokuvota uma ubhalisile futhi uhlangabezana nezimfuneko eziyokwanelisa. Uma igama lakho lingekho ohlwini, cela ivoti ye-palcom.
  • Unelungelo lokuletha ingane, umsizi, noma ukusebenzisa izinkonzo zokuhumusha uma kudingeka.
  • Bukela noma ikuphi ukuhlukunyezwa noma ukusongelwa kwezikhulu zokhetho noma uMnyango Wobulungisa.

Emsebenzini Noma Esikoleni

Amalungelo akho omthetho-sisekelo angase alinganiselwe emsebenzini womuntu siqu (abaqashi bomuntu siqu ababona abadlali bakahulumeni). Nokho, izisebenzi zomphakathi nabafundi besikole somphakathi banezivikelo eziqinile zeSichibiyelo Sokuqala nesesine. Ngokwesibonelo, isikole somphakathi asinakusiphenya isikhwama sakho ngaphandle “kokusola okunengqondo,” nekholiji lomphakathi ngeke likujezise ngenxa yokukhuluma okungaphazamisani noma okungekho emthethweni.

Imithetho - sisekelo KaHulumeni Nesivikelo Esengeziwe

Umthetho-sisekelo wezwe omningi unikeza amalungelo adlula uMthetho-sisekelo kahulumeni. Ngokwesibonelo, amanye amazwe anesivikelo esiqinile senkululeko yokuzimela, ukukhuluma ngenkululeko, noma ilungelo lokuphatha izikhali kunesiqinisekiso sikahulumeni se-Bill of Rights. Uma umthetho kahulumeni noma isenzo siphula umthetho-sisekelo kahulumeni, ukuthi izinkantolo zikahulumeni zingawushaya phansi, ngisho noma uMthetho-sisekelo kahulumeni ungeke. Lona ungwengwengwezi olubalulekile lwesivikelo izakhamuzi ezingalusebenzisa ekusekeleni amalungelo ayandayo esifundazweni sazo.

Umthetho - sisekelo Enkathini Yezinombolo

Ubuchwepheshe buphakamisa imibuzo emisha yomthetho-sisekelo. ISichibiyelo sesine manje sisebenza emniningwaneni ye-menu: amaphoyisa ngokuvamile adinga imvume yokungena kumakhalekhukhwini akho, ama-imeyili, noma amafu. ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sihlanganisa inkulumo yakho ye-inthanethi, kuhlanganise nezokuxhumana, kodwa amapulatifomu angalinganisela (ISichibiyeli Sokuqala kuphela esilinganisela ukuhlolwa kukahulumeni). ISichibiyelo sesihlanu simelene nokuzihlela komuntu siqu nokubhala amagama ayimfihlo — kungadingeka ukuba ukhiphe igama eliyimfihlo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile (umthetho usasebenza ngokwezimo ezithile). Izimiso zesithathu nesesine zihlolwa ngezinhlelo zikahulumeni zokuhlola.

Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Zokuvikela Isikhathi Sakho Sokuba Wedwa

  • Sebenzisa umngenisi-bizo onamandla, oyingqayizivele futhi wenze isiqiniseko salengxenye sibili.
  • Qaphela ukuthi ungathola indawo elandela izinhlelo ngaphandle kwalapho kudingeka khona.
  • Qonda izimiso zomuntu siqu zezinkonzo ozisebenzisayo; ziyizivumelwano ezibophayo ezingokomthetho.
  • Uma ukugcinwa komthetho kucela ukwaziswa kwakho, cela incwadi ngaphambi kokuba unikeze okuthile.

Isiphetho: UMthetho - sisekelo Uyisivumelwano Esiphilayo

UMthetho-sisekelo awuyona nje incwadi yamajaji nabameli. Ukwazi amalungiselelo awo kukunika amandla okumela amalungelo akho, ukuthatha isibopho somphakathi, futhi ubeke uhulumeni icala. Abasunguli baklama isimiso esincike kubantu abanolwazi nabakhuthele. Ngokuqonda ukwahlukana kwemibuso, i-Bill of Rights, uhulumeni, nemithwalo yakho njengevoti nomphathi we-javer, uba umhlanganyeli ophumelela kakhulu ekubuseni ngentando yeningi yaseMelika.

Ukuze ufunde ngokuqhubekayo, ACLU Yazi Amalungelo akho ikhasi linikeza izincazelo ezicacile zolimi lwezimo ezithile. Futhi njalo khumbula: amalungelo angasetshenziswanga angawohloka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Zihlale ufundile, uvote, ukhulume, futhi ukhonze lapho ubizwa.