Ukwanda Kobandlululo Lwezomnotho Neminyaka

Umnotho wezemali ngokuyisisekelo uye waguqula izisebenzi zaseMelika. Umbiko we-Platform enjengo-Uber, Upply, ne-Task Rabint wenze izigidi zabantu ukuba zisebenze ngokwazo, zihwebezelele ukulondeka komsebenzi owe-9 kuya ku-5 ngenxa yokuzivumelanisa nezimo, ukuzibusa, futhi ngokuvamile ukuvuleka kwemali ethola imali ehlukene. Ngokombiko ka 2023 we-Bureau of Labor Statistics, cishe 36% ka-U.S. Sekuyingxenye yezomnotho, futhi lelonani lilindeleke ukuba linyuke. Nokho leli zwe elisha lomsebenzi aligobekile ekukhetheleni amadala. Ukucwasana okuhlala isikhathi eside emsebenzini, ngokuvamile kuye kwathola izindlela ezintsha nezibonakalayo ezimakelelene. Ngoba abalimi abakhululekile nabazi, ukuqonda inkathi ye-Activa ne-Actalbactics Acts Act, indlela engcono kakhulu yokusebenza ngokusemthethweni.

Izisebenzi eziningi ezisebenza ngokuzifaka kulendawo kamuva emsebenzini wazo, kungaba ngokukhetha noma ngenxa yokuxoshwa nokukhula emisebenzini evamile. Ziletha amashumi eminyaka okuhlangenwe nakho komsebenzi, izimiso zomsebenzi eziqinile, kanye nezimiso ezijulile. Kodwa zivame ukubhekana nemingcele engabonakali (futhi ngezinye izikhathi ingeyiyo inqaba) lapho zincintisana nezivumelwano, ikakhulukazi emapulatifomu lapho izinhlelo zokukhetha abathengi zingathonywa khona yimigomo yobudala ehlobene nenkathi yobudala. Lesihloko sikhipha i-Age Discrimination Act, ukubaluleka kwayo kuzisebenzi, izindawo ezinkungu ezisemthethweni ezishiya izinqabile eziningi zingavikeleki, futhi zithathe izinyathelo zokuvikela amalungelo akho emakethekisini emisebenzi eminyaka ehlukahlukene.

Kuthathaphi Ukucwasana Kweminyaka?

I-Age Discrimination Act ka 1975 (42 U.S.601 et seq.) iwumthetho kahulumeni owenqabela ubandlululo olusekelwe ebudaleni bezinhlelo noma imisebenzi ethola usizo lwezezimali zikahulumeni. Ingxenye yayo eyinhloko ihlanganisa umsebenzi, kodwa futhi idlulela ezinkonzweni. Nokho, umthetho kahulumeni ovame kakhulu ogunyaziwe uyasebenza [FLD:0] [agegession in Olbect [AAAA) ka-19679, ovikela izisebenzi ezineminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu ekukhethelweni kwezisebenzi, ekuqeshweni, ekukhokheleni, ekukhokheleni, ekukhokheleni, ekukhokheleni, nasekusebenzeni. I-ADE isebenza kubaqashi abangamashumi amabili noma izisebenzi nangaphezulu ezisebenzelayo. Izinhlangano zemisebenzi, i-'explonezenezeneze i-AD'ements'ex'erth facurencer'e prorivements prorivementssss trationstion (irrection) ngezisebenzi ezi

Lokhu kuhlukanisa kubaluleke kakhulu izisebenzi ezisebenza nge-gig. I-ADEA ichaza "izisebenzi ezisebenzayo" ngokusebenzisa ukuhlola kwezezimali (ukulawula umsebenzi, ilungiselelo lamathuluzi, ikhono lokuthola inzuzo noma ukulahlekelwa, njll). Izisebenzi ezizimele . . Ukuhlelwa kwezindawo eziningi ze-gig platform kukhetha .Awubhekwa njengezisebenzi ezingaphansi kwe-ADEA. Ngenxa yalokho, izisebenzi eziningi ezikhululekile azikwazi ukuletha ukucwaswa kweminyaka yobudala ngokusemthethweni. Nokho, i-Agecrecrimiatic Act ka-1975, ngokuvimbela kwazo okude kwezinhlelo zenkathi ezikhuphulwayo ezikhushuliwe nguhulumeni, ngezikhathi ezithile ziye zaziswa yimisebenzi enzima ekhona efuna ukunikezwa umphakathi noma izivumelwano. Okwamanje, inani elikhulayo lemithetho yemithetho ephakeme idlula ukuvikela i-CalciasCalse, ngokwesimo esithile somthetho (ngesimanje) (ngeyomthetho wamuva).

Naphezu kwalezi zinkinga, isimiso esiyisisekelo sicacile: izisebenzi esezikhulile akumelwe zincishwe amathuba ngenxa nje yobudala bazo. Njengoba abameleli bezomnotho, abameli, abenzi bomthetho, nezinkantolo ziphikisana nendlela yokusebenzisa izimiso zobudala zokwephula umthetho esimweni sezisebenzi lapho "umqashwa" ngokuvamile eyi-algorithm, isilinganiso, noma i-parentie ephikisayo.

Okwenza Izomnotho Ezinkulu Zibangele Izingozi Zobandlululo Lweminyaka

Ubandlululo lweminyaka ezindaweni zomnotho kungaba nzima ukuqaphela kunemisebenzi engokwesiko. Akukho minyango ye-HR, akukho kuxoxa ngomsebenzi, futhi izinqumo zokuqasha zivame ukukwenziwa ngemizuzwana esekelwe esithombeni se-profile, iphindo, noma isiphakamiso esifushane. Ukuhlola kwe- Urban Institute ne- i-Piblic Policy Institute [ kubonisa ukuthi amapulatifomu amadala amahracter ama-cur naphezulu cishe ancomekayo [[FLLT]]] cishe anikezwa imisebenzi ethile (kakhulu kakhulu nemisebenzi yobuchwepheshe nokusungula ukujikeleza ngokushesha), ngisho nalapho ifaneleke kakhulu noma i-eqekeme.

  • [[NTL:0] Ukukhetha izimpawu-mthetho zemithetho-mfakela: Amapulatifomu amaningi asebenzisa izinqubo zokusesha ezibeka izisebenzi ezinezinga eliphezulu nezithatha isikhathi esiphansi. Izisebenzi ezindala, ezingase zibe nesinye isikhathi esizinzile noma zikhethe ijubane elithatha kancane, zingajeziswa.
  • Okukhethwayo okusekelwe enkathini: Abanye amakhasimende bacela ngokuqondile "insizwa" noma "imibono evuselelwe", noma bahlele iminyaka yobudala njengomthetho wokulawula amandla nobuchwepheshe banamuhla. Lokhu akuvunyelwe ngokomthetho uma kuyisinqumo sokuqasha esisekelwe ebudaleni, kodwa kwezomnotho, bambalwa abakhasimende abazicabangela ngokwabo "abasebenzi" mayelana nemithetho ecwasanayo.
  • ubandlululo lwezimo zemvelo : Izithombe ezifuna noma ezikhuthaza isithombe sesithombe se-profile zingafaka i-stereo engabonakali. Ngisho noma u-unitor ashiya isithombe sazo, iminyaka yolwazi lwazo ebhayoloji ingase ibangele izilinganiso zenkathi yobudala obubangelwa ukubiza kakhulu, hhayi ubuchwepheshe be-savvy, noma ukuhlelwa ngezindlela zazo.
  • Izikhikhi kanye nokuzifihla : Ukushintsha ngokushesha kwamathuluzi obuchwepheshe kusho izisebenzi ezindala ezinamashumi eminyaka zobuchwepheshe ezimisweni zakudala (njengezilimi zezinhlelo zefa noma amakhambi angaphambili) zingasuswa, kuyilapho izisebenzi ezincane ezine "itshe elisha" ziqashwa ngisho noma ulwazi lwazo lwangempela lungajulile.

Lemisebenzi idala isimiso lapho ubudala bungaphumelela ngaphandle kokukhulumela okungathandeki noma indawo yomsebenzi eqinile. Isisebenzi esilahlekelwa umsebenzi ngenxa yokuthi ikhasimende lakhetha umncintiswano osemusha ngokwezinga eliphansi lingase lingazi uma ubudala buyisici. Kodwa i-aggregate system yezisebenzi ezihlala zithola izilinganiso eziphansi, izimemo zomsebenzi ezimbalwa, futhi zifakwa ekuncipheni kwemikhakha ephansi kwesigaba sobudala obungahloselwe ukuxazulula kahle imithetho yamanje.

Izivikelo Ezingokomthetho: Lapho IMpophoma Yase - ADEA Ihluleka Khona Ukuzimela

Inselele engokomthetho ebaluleke kakhulu kuzisebenzi ezindala yi- “imboni ezimele” ehlelwayo. Ngaphansi kwe-ADEA, kuphela abasebenzi abangaletha ukusho kokungalinganiswa noma ukulahlekelwa okusekelwe ebudalani. Abanikazi abazimele abakhi abakhi abakhi abakhile ngokuqondile kulencazelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umklami oneminyaka engu-55 ubudala osebenzisa umsebenzi ophezulu akakwazi ukukhokhisa umsebenzi ngenxa yobandlululo lweminyaka engaphansi kwe-ADEA. Nokho, uma bengekho izisebenzi. Nokho, kukhona ukushintshwa nokunye ukuthatha izivumelwano:

Izivikelo Zezinga Likahulumeni

Izifundazwe eziningi ziye zamisa imithetho ehlanganisa izivikelo zokuvimbela ukuhlukana kwezisebenzi ezizimele. I-Fair Accounting and House Act yase California (FEHA) inqabela ubandlululo olusekelwe ebukhulwini ebuhlotsheni benkokheni obuzimele, nakuba umthetho usavela. INew York, iNew Jersey, neMassachusetts zinemithetho emikhulu ehlanganisa izisebenzi zesivumelwano, kuyilapho amanye amazwe anjengeTexas engenaso isotho. [[FLT: 0]] isikhombo sesifunda sezwe ngesigamu sokwakha, kodwa isici semisebenzi yomthetho sisho ukuthi izisebenzi eziningi ze-ggrafig zishiywe ngaphandle kokucela okusobala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho uthanda ukuba zibe nobuhlobo obufana nokwenza ibhizinisi ne-xus" noma ukuzisebenzela ukuzuza i-" okuvame ukusetshenziswa kwezisebenzi.

Abavela Ezindaweni Ezihlukile: UMjaho Wezisebenzi Ezingu - 15 Noma Ezingaphezulu

Ngisho nakuzo zonke izinkampani ezizimele, uma ipulatifomu iqasha izisebenzi zesivumelwano futhi ilawula ngokwanele umsebenzi wazo ([FLT: 0]]AC ukuhlolwa noma izinto zezomnotho [], inkantolo ingazihlela njengezisebenzi. Lokhu kungenza ukuba ziphinde zihlolwe njengezisebenzi. Isinqumo esiqinile sesikhathi sezezezeze California ngemva [[[FLT:]4]]Dynamex[ (20:8) kanye nomsuka olandelayo we-AB 5, owenza ukuba i-ADC ihlolwe intengo yezisebenzi futhi ivinyelwe kakhulu. Izikhulumela izikhulu zika-ADC. Kodwa isilinganiso esiqinile seminyaka engcono kakhulu. Isilinganiso sesilinganiso sesilinganiso sesilinganiso seminyaka esiqinile senani eliphansi sezisebenzi eziphila ngayo.[6][6]

Ingxenye 1981 Nemithetho Yamalungelo Omphakathi

Abanye abakhululi abadala baye bazama ukusebenzisa i-Cult of the Civil Rights Act ka-1866, enqabela ukucwaswa kwezinhlanga ezivumelwaneni kodwa engagubuzeli ngokuqondile ubudala. Nokho, uma ubandlululo lobudala luhlanganisa amahlelo ohlanga, ubulili, noma ukukhubazeka, iSihlomo VII noma amaMelika akhubazekile angakwazi ukusebenzisa indlela. I-Age Discrimination Act ka-19656 (umthetho omkhulu osebenza ezimisweni ezixhaswa ngumthetho) ungasetshenziswa uma ipulatifomu ithola izivumelwano zikahulumeni ezifana no-Uber zinezivumelwano zikahulumeni phakathi kobhadayo nge-Smastry Administration. Kodwa lezi zinto zinganikeza indlela elula, hhayi isimiso sokuvikela esibanzi.

Icala Langempela Lezwe Nokuphoqelelwa Kwamandla

Ukucwaswa kweminyaka kwezentengiselwano zezentengiselwano akuvamile ukuvezwa ezindaweni zokuthuthukisa izakhiwo futhi kwasuswa eqophelweni lokuziphakamisa, kodwa kuye kwaba khona izenzakalo eziphawulekayo. Ngo-2020, isigaba samacala sekilasi sabekwa icala Airbb ukuveza ukuthi izihambeli ezindala zazingatholakali kakhulu ekuphakamiseni izakhiwo futhi zazingakhishwa eqophelweni lesikhulu ngemva kokukhononda okuncane. Icala lancikelwe imithetho elungile yezindlu ezivimbela ukucwaswa kwezindlu ezindlini. Icala elikhulu elihilelekile [[FLTLT:] [[FLT:]], lapho umshayeli omdala oweminyaka engu-62] wathi wakhishwe ngemva kokumangalelwa ngokungenwa okungalondekile kokushayela, kuyilapho abasha abasha abancane bebosheshiwe yize bebo abahonjiwe. Icala lalalelwa ngaphandle kokukhomba izikhulu ezingokomthetho.

I- Equal Opportunity Commission (EOC) ikhiphe isiqondiso esicacisa ukuthi nakuba izakhiwo ezizimele zingahlanganisiwe yi-ADEA, zingase zivikelekile ngaphansi kwamanye amalungiselelo uma uma umakhi esebenzela umqashi onezisebenzi ezingu-15+ futhi eyisisebenzi esisebenzayo. Nokho, i-EOC ayikaqhubeki nemithetho yezenkathi yokucwasa igebezeko elikhulu, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yokungalawuleki kwempahla kanye nobunkimbi benzuzo yemali. Avoccommastringment controltions amaqembu afana [FLC:2][FLT] kanye ne-'ultoctives books projectives [FFFOLD] i-Mooctivespolations [5] yezenziwane yezenyuko yezemisebenzi ye-AD, i-ADCM, ibizwa nakulungisa kuzo zonke izikhundla zezezezezezezezezezezezenzipho zezenzipho.

Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Zokuvikela Abakhululekile Nabasizi Bezigebengu

Lapho zilindele izinguquko ezingokomthetho, izisebenzi ezindala zingathatha izinyathelo zokubhala, zokunciphisa, nokubekela inselele ukucwasana ngeminyaka. Nansi isiqondiso esiwusizo esisekelwe eselulekweni esivela kubameli bemisebenzi nezinhlangano zezezimali:

1. Bhala Konke

Dala isibaya senombolo yeqophelo ngalinye olisebenzisayo. Gcina izithombe zencazelo yeprojekthi, ukuxhumana namakhasimende, izinguquko ze-reader, nanoma yikuphi ukukhulumela okusikisela izimpawu ezisekelwe ebudalani (umz., "sidinga othile osemusha ongahlala"). Qaphela izinsuku nezikhathi. Uma uhlelo lwemithetho-algorithm yesiteji lubonakala luvimbela isimo sakho ngemva kokuhlaziya iminyaka yakho, uthathe kahle. Incazelo esekelwe kunoma yikuphi ukusho okungokomthetho futhi ikusiza ukuba uqaphele izindlela.

Hlola Ukuziphatha Nezici Ozisekelayo

Amapulatifomu amaningi anezigaba ezimelene nokungavumelani kwemithetho esemthethweni eqondene nemisebenzi yawo, ngokuvamile ezibanzi ngokwanele ukuba zihlanganise iminyaka. Sebenzisa lezozimiso ngokufaka inzuzo yakho ngokukhononda ngaphakathi. Uma ipulatifomu ingasabeli, lokho kwehluleka kungaba yingxenye yendaba yamuva. Futhi, hlola isivumelwano sakho esikhululekile nganoma yiziphi izigaba ezilinganisela ikhono lakho lokukhokha enkantolo."Iziteji eziningi manje zifuna ukumiswa, okungenza izenzo zesigaba zibe nzima kakhulu kodwa kube nokwenzeka.

3. Beka Ingozi Ngokufanele

Nakuba kungamelwe ufihle inkathi yakho, ungagcizelela izimfanelo zanamuhla ngaphandle kolwazi lokuhlela. Hlela iziqinisekiso zamuva, imisebenzi, namathuluzi owasebenzisayo. Gwema ulimi olusho ukuthi "usesikoleni esidala" ngaphandle kokuba lelo iphuzu lokuthengisa (umz., kubathengi abafuna ukuqina noma ubuchwepheshe besimiso). Sebenzisa i-headrot yamuva nengenekayo. Abanye abakhululekile bakhetha ukungabonisi unyaka wabo wokuthweswa iziqu noma usuku lokuqala lomsebenzi wabo(leyisinqumo somuntu siqu), kodwa baqaphele ukuthi abanye abathengi bangasebenzisa iminyaka yobudala bezolwazi oluhlelwe. Ungasebenzisa udwendwe (umz., "10+ iminyaka yokuzibonela amashumi eminyaka").

4. Yakha Ingxenye Ehlukile Eshintshayo

Nciphisa ukuncika kwakho kunoma isiphi i-gig platform. Dala ingosi yakho, yakha i-Implinence Ekhona, kanye nenethiwekhi phakathi kwemiphakathi eqondene nemboni. Uma ikhasimende likuthola ngengosi yakho siqu noma ngama-heaterrary, kakade sebenesuntswana elihle elisekelwe edumeleni lakho kunesithombe esifushaniwe esisesiteji. Ukuhlukanisa iholo lakho kusho futhi ukuthi uma uqala ukusebenzisa indlela yokuloba yesikhulu, awunqunywa ngokuphelele.

5 Funa Iseluleko Esingokomthetho Kusenesikhathi

Uma usola ukuthi uye waba isisulu sokucwaswa kobudala, thintana nommeli wemisebenzi osebenza kakhulu kwezezomnotho nakwezokwakha ezizimele. Abaningi banikeza ukuhlola kokuqala ngokukhululekile. Izinhlangano ezinjenge AARP] iqembu elingokomthetho le-advocacy [[ unikeza izisebenzi ezindala izimali, futhi iwebhusayithi ye-EOC inesiqondiso [[ sendlela yokubhala ubandlululo] noma izikhulu ezizimele zingahlanganisiwe ngaphansi kwe-ADEA, ungakwazi ukunikeza imithombo yezodwa ngaphansi kwemithetho esemthethweni noma umthetho ohlukile uma ungaphikisana nezisebenzi.

6. Cabangela Ukukhononda Ngezimo Eziphuthumayo

Ngisho noma ungeyena isisebenzi, ungabika i-tept ehhovisi lika-FTC noma ummeli jikelele kazwelonke ngenxa yemikhuba yokukhohlisa noma yokungalungi uma uthola i-algorithm yabo noma izimiso ezihlelekile ziphazamisa izisebenzi esezikhulile. FTC [ungase] uhlole kakhulu ubandlululo, futhi ukukhononda kungavusa uphenyo oluzuzisa wonke umsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma uthola izinzuzo zikahulumeni (njenge-SNAP noma usizo lwezindlu) futhi usebenzise ipulatifomu ethola izimali zikahulumeni, kungenzeka ukuthi umi ngaphansi koMthetho we-Age Discrimiasetry ka-1975.

Ikusasa Lomthetho Wobandlululo Lweminyaka Embulungeni

Izimo eziningi zisikisela ukuthi isivikelo esingokomthetho sezisebenzi esezikhulile sizokwanda eminyakeni ezayo. Okokuqala, icebo lokuhlela kabusha izisebenzi, njengoba uMnyango weBanden wezisebenzi uqhubeka, noMnyango weBarede wokuqeda umthetho ongokomthetho owenzelwa izisebenzi ezikhulile, okwenza kube nzima ukuba abaqashi bahlukanise izisebenzi njengezisebenzi ezizimele. Nakuba umthetho uthinta kakhulu iholo nesivikelo esengeziwe, ungaqinisa ngokungakhomba ukucwa kwemisebenzi ngokuyenza kube lula. Okwesibili, amaqembu abenza umthetho wezehlulele njengomthetho kazwelo ukuvumela ukuba inkathi enciphisana nezindawo ezingaphandle ezindaweni ezisebenzela kuzo (BE) [E Act: [FFoctive]) Active [E] (EFogggnome] njengoba i-Ad 202] ingekho, nakuba i-Advocation engathi i-injini enyukayo.

Okwamanje, amapulatifomu ngokwawo angaphansi kokucindezela kokuhlola ama-algoriths awo obandlululo. Umbiko ka-2024 we-Algorithmic Justice wathola ukuthi amapulatifomu amakhulu amahle abonisa ukuhlukana kobudala okungaguquguqukiyo ekubonakaleni komsebenzi. Ekuphenduleni, umsebenzi wasungula "amacebo asekelwe" afihlekile anesimo esifihlekile seminyaka yolwazi lwemibuzo yokuqala yekhasimende, avumela iziphakamiso ezithathwayo ezingeni eliphezulu nezingathandeki. Izinyathelo ezifanayo zihlolwa kuqala ngeToptaltal ne Freelance. Lolum. Lokhu kuzenza ngokuzithandela akusona isici somthetho, kodwa ziveza ukuqaphela ukuthi inkathi engcono kakhulu yemisebenzi kodwa izikhululiwe kakhulu kodwa izisebenzi ezisebenza kahle, futhi zinezingathwali ezikwazi ukuphatha kahle.

Isiphetho: Ukunikwa Amandla Ngolwazi

I-Age Discrimination Act kanye nomthetho obanzi waklanyelwa ukuba kube nezwe lokusebenza ukuphila konke kanye nezisebenzi ezisebenzayo ezisebenzayo. Umnotho we-gig uye waphazamisa lowo mfuziselo, ushiya izisebenzi eziningi ezindala zise-yobuqamama obusemthethweni. Kodwa isimiso esiyisisekelo sisasele: akukho muntu okufanele ancishwe ukuphila ngenxa yesikhathi eside ekhona. Izikhulu nabenzi bemisebenzi bamazwe badinga ukuba babe abaxhasi babo siqu bezethemba imingcele, isivikelo sezwe eliqinile, ukuthuthukisa iziteji, nokufuna ukubala izimpawu zemithetho elawula umsebenzi wabo. Njengoba ukuqapha komphakathi kukhula futhi kubambeka iqiniso elisha, umgomo udinga ukuba inzuzo yezisebenzi ezindala njengamandla anjengolwazi. Kuze kube manje, ulwazi lwakho lunamandla kakhulu.

Ngokuqonda incazelo yomthetho wobandlululo othatha iminyaka yobudala, uhlonyiswe kangcono ukuba ulawule izomnotho ngokwembono yakho. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uneminyaka engu 25 noma engu - 65 ubudala, ilungelo lokuphathwa kahle akufanele nanini libe nemibandela endleleni umsebenzi wakho ohlelwa ngayo. Ukulwela ukulingana kobudala emsebenzini wanamuhla kumane kuqalile, futhi wonke umuntu obhala ulwazi lwakhe futhi akhulumele ushintsho.