Ukuhlangana kwezakhiwo zezentengiselwano zezezimali zembulunga yonke nezakhiwo eziqinile kumelela inselele echaza inkathi yekhulu lama-21. Usizo lwamazwe angaphandle, oluhlanganisa usizo lwezentuthuko esemthethweni (ODA) kanye nezimali zesimo sezulu esivunyelayo, lusebenza njengendlela yokulungisa imishini yobuchwepheshe evuselelwayo ekusebenziseni ubuchwepheshe bamandla embulungeni ebanzi eNingizimu. Nakuba ukuvuselelwa kwamandla amandla avusemzingeni wembulunga yonke kuqinisa minyaka yonke, amazwe asathuthukayo abhekene nezindleko zokuthuthukisa izakhiwo, nezindawo zobuchwepheshe ezingaxazululwayo ezingenakuxazululwa ngokushesha. Usizo lwezizwe ngezindawo ezihlukene lusingatha lokhu kuhluleka kwezentengo yezentengo yokufuna ukuzuza inzuzo, ukusekela izimali eziqinile, nokusekela inqubo yokwakha amandla embulungeni yomhlaba yonke indawo.

Ukubaluleka Okubalulekile Kokuthuthukiswa Kwamandla Aphinde Asebenze

Ushintsho lwamandla embulunga yonke aluyona nje indlela edingekile esendaweni ezungezile kodwa futhi yithuba lokuthuthuka. Kumazwe asathuthuka, ukugxumela amandla avuselelwayo kunikeza indlela yokugwema isisekelo esiqinile samazwe athuthukile athembele kuso. Usizo lwamazwe angaphandle lusebenza njengendlela eyinhloko yokuxhasa lokhu kugxuma, ihlanganisa ukukhula kwezomnotho kanye nomthwalo wesimo sezulu.

Ukushintsha Isimo Sezulu Nokuchuma Komphakathi Embulungeni Yonke

Amazwe asathuthuka ngokuvamile asengozini enkulu yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu kodwa angenawo amandla okunciphisa imiphumela yaso. Usizo lwamazwe angaphandle oluvuselelwe lusebenza njengendlela yemisebenzi yamazwe anezimboni, anomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu kakhulu emlandweni wokukhipha igesi, ukusekela indlela ephansi yokuthuthukisa imoto. Lokhu kuhambisana neSiphakamiso 9 seSivumelwano seParis, esigunyaza amazwe athuthukile ukuba anikeze izimali zokusiza amazwe asathuthuka. Usizo olufakwe ezindaweni ezikhudlulwayo ngokuqondile zamandla akhucutshululwayo asusa imithombo engcolileyo, ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi eshisayo yomhlaba wonke. Ukusekela FCCCCC CC CC placelme place me kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhasa izimali ngemisebenzi encishisiwe ngokuncitshiswa kwe-octive, ukuveza ukukhisa kwembulunga yonke yomhlaba.

Ukutholakala Kwamandla Nemigomo Eqhubekayo Eqhubekayo

Cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-675 emhlabeni wonke abanakho ukufinyelela ugesi, iningi labo lihlala e-Sub-Saharan Africa. Usizo lwangaphandle luhloselwe izisombululo ezilungiswe kahle − njengezimiso zekhaya ezimfushane futhi zime zimile (555 zigidi) abantu abakwaziyo ukufinyelela iNguqulo Yenjongo 7 (I-Affordible and Clean Energy Energy). Ngokungafani nokwandiswa kwemigqa ye-oral, okuyinkomfunda futhi okulula ukuyisebenzisa, izakhiwo ezilula ezivuselelwe zingafakwa ngokushesha ezindaweni ezikude. Usizo luhlanganisa intuthuko edingekayo ekwakhelini kwezentengisweni, imfundo yezemfundo, imfundo, nokumiswa kwemidathanga yokugcina. [FLD:][0]

Ukuzinza Kwezomnotho Nokuzimela Kwamandla

Ithembele kumandla angaphandle awenziwe ezinto ezidala imithombo yemali eyandayo eyandayo entengo yomhlaba wonke kanye nokungaguquguquki kwezezombangazwe. Ngokuxhasa imithombo yasekhaya evuselelwayo njenge-lardiation, amapaseji omoya, nezindawo ezigcina i-geothermal eshisayo, usizo lwakwamanye amazwe luqinisa ukulondeka kwamandla esizwe. Ukusungulwa kwamandla ezindawo ezikhona kugcina izimali zezomnotho zezwe futhi kudala amaketanga emisebenzi nokulungisa izakhiwo. Ukunikeza usizo lwamazwe angaphandle izakhiwo eziphezulu, njengeqoqo lezindawo ezihamba ngelanga noma iqoqo lezindawo zokuhlanganisa amabhetrithilo, ukukhuthaza ukukhula okuthatha izimpahla ezimboni ezinde. Ukuguqula izikhwamayela kuvumela ohulumeni ukuba bathumele imali ezinhlandlalweni zezempilo, imfundo, nentuthuko kwemisebenzi yamazwe angaphandle.

Imishini Yosizo Lwakwamanye Amazwe Yokuvuselela Amandla

Usizo lwangaphandle alukona ukudlulisa imali ngendlela eyodwa, lusebenza ngesimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi sezinto ezisebenza ezintweni eziphilayo, ngasinye esiklanyelwe ukuxazulula izithiyo ezithile zokusetshenziswa kwamandla okuvuselelwa.

Ukuxhasa Imali Kwesivumelwano Nezimali Ezikhona

Ingxenye engundoqo yosizo lwakwamanye amazwe i-consoled. Amabhange entuthuko ehlukahlukene (MDB) njenge-World Bank, i-Asian Development Bank, kanye ne-African Development Bank, kanye nezinhlangano zosizo olune-bodwa, kunikeza imali emalini engaphansi kwenzalo ekhokhelwayo kanye nentengo ekhudlwana. AmaGrant asetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa usizo lobuchwepheshe, ukulungiselela izakhiwo, kanye nezivikelo zomphakathi. Le misebenzi yezezimali ibucayi ngenxa yokuthi inhloko yinhloko yezodwa ilwela ukukhokhela izindleko eziphezulu zangaphambili futhi izingozi zezombangazwe zemisebenzi emikhulu encindumasikelelwayo. Usizo lunciphisa izindleko ezinesisindo senhloko yemali (WACC), ukwenza imisebenzi engcono ngokwezimali esebenzela imfucucushisiwe. Ngaphandle kokukhokhwama kwemivuzo yemali, le misebenzi eminingi encishisiwe ezindaweni ze-operabhulo, intengo ezindaweni ze-ongo ezindaweni ezikhona nje ezikhona.

Usizo Lobuchwepheshe Nokwakha Izakhiwo Ezinamandla

Ukusetshenziswa kwemishini kumelela ingxenye kuphela yekhambi. Amakhono omsebenzi, ubuchwepheshe be-grid, kanye nokulungisa ulwazi lwempumelelo ende. Izinhlangano zosizo Ukuqeqeshelwa Kwezezimali Izifundo Zokuqeqesha (ToT), izinhlelo zemfundo yemfundo yaseyunivesithi, nemisebenzi yokulungisa. I-World Bank's Lenergy Sectical Management Againment Program (]AP [i-ESMPAP] [[FLT]]) inikeza usizo lwembulunga yonke, isiza amazwe ukuklama amamende aphumelelayo amandla omgwaqo avuselelayo, ukuvuselela amandla ashintshashintshayo emigwaqweqweni yesizwe, nohlelo lwezimo lwe-geogzi. Lokhu kudlulisa ulwazi lokuqinisekisa ukuthi amazwe aphethe ulwazi oludingekayo ekugcineni asebenzise futhi andise amathuluzi awo.

Ukusekela Isimiso Nokuqondisa

Usizo lwangaphandle luvame ukutholakala ngezindlela zokulawula ezifakwe ezimbonini zezezimali ezisebenza ngemisebenzi yezezimali noma ezibusweni zamandla. Lokhu kusiza ekulungiseni imithetho yamandla avuselelwe, ekumiseni ukufunza ukudla, ukuklama, nokuphoqelela izindinganiso zendawo ezungezile. Indawo eqinile nebonisayo iyinto eyodwa ebalulekile ekuheheheni ukutshala imali. I-Aid isiza ukwakha lolu hlelo ngokuxhasa izimali, ukubukeza okungokomthetho, nokuhlola okungokomthetho. Abaqondisi bemi bamthetho basiza ohulumeni ukuba bathathe izingozi ezishintshashintshayo ngokunikeza isiqinisekiso sobumninithi noma izingozi zengxenye, okubalulekile ekunikezeni ukuthemba okungokongamele ukugcinwa kwemali ezikhungweni eziphakeme.

Ukulungiselelwa Nokuthuthukiswa Kwemisebenzi

I-boardneck ebalulekile yokusetshenziswa kabusha kwamandla emazweni asathuthuka ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi egciniwe. Izinhlangano zosizo zixhasa ukusungulwa komsebenzi okunzima, kuhlanganise nokuhlola imvelo, ukuhlola ukuhlasela kwendawo ezungezile, ukuhlola imithombo yomoya, nokudweba izibalo zamalungelo ezwe. Lokhu "ukulungiselela" kuphakeme, futhi abathuthukisi bezentengiselwano ngokuvamile abazimisele ukuzuza izindleko zokukhubazeka endaweni ezungezile engaqinisekile. Iprojectement Facialties (PPFs) exhaswe yizisebenzi ezikhulile zemisebenzi engcono engakhanga izikweleti zezentengiso nezokuzimonyola-mali kamuva.

Ukuhlola Izifo Nentuthuko Yesifunda

Kuwo wonke amazwe asathuthuka, usizo lwakwamanye amazwe luye lwasiza ukuba kuvuselelwe izakhiwo zamandla eziye zashintsha ezomnotho zendawo futhi zathuthukisa izinga lokuphila.

I-Sub-Shaharan Afrika: Ama-Daiter amancane kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo

Usizo lobuchwepheshe lwasemaphandleni lwaseKenya lukhuthaza, lusekelwa kakhulu yiBhange Lomhlaba, i-European Union, kanye nabantu abasebenza nabo ngebhanile kuhlanganise ne-United Kingdom ne-Jalimane, ukuba babonise amandla okuguqula i-odoli. Usizo lobuchwepheshe olusunguliwe lwasiza ekusunguleni isimiso se-Kenya Songameli Wombuso wangaphambi kokukhokhelwa, kuyilapho lusekela abathuthukisi abazimele abakhi abaphezulu abaphezulu abaphezulu abaphezulu abaphezulu kakhulu. IChibi laseTurkana Wind Power Prower, ipulazi elikhulu kakhulu lezentellion e-Afrika, isebenzise ingxube yemali eqinile evela eEuropean Powementationmentationsting ne-eyent trainsting. Ikhono liye ladlula kakhulu ukukhanyisa indlu yasekhaya ekusebenziseni amandla amandla, ukulungisa imishini yezolimoli, ukukhiqiza amabhizinisi, ukusungula kwezentengini ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, nemisebenzi yasemaphandleni, kanjalo, ukuveza imisebenzi yasemaphandleni.

ENingizimu Asia: Ukuhlela Izinhlelo Zesizwe Ngezimali Eziyi - Concessional

Ukwanda okusheshayo komoya nokwezinga lelanga kwabhebhetheka kakhulu ngezindlela zosizo zasekuqaleni ze-Global Environment Facility kanye ne-binadal asebenza nabo njenge-Jalimane (GIZ). Ukuxhasa kwakuqala kwe-Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) kwasiza i de-risk i-Model, ukuyenza ibe yimoto eyinhloko yokudayisa i-intelligence ye-interightightial-sting sightbeareader. Lesimiso se-Infractive Develoption Compativement eBank (ICOL), esisekelwa yi-World Bank's Development Association (IDA), engcono) engcono kakhulu ye-injini yezenterback, ne-bicalbitals, sisebenzisa i-sting projectivesssssssss. Isimiso sokusebenza kwemisebe lendlu sasekhaya sasekhaya safinyelela ngaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-20, samazwe ezingu-20, i-iacle i-irle i-acc

ENingizimu - mpumalanga Asia nasePacific: IGeothertherther neGrid Ukuqina

I-Indonesia ne-Philippines kunenani elikhulu lokuvela kwamanzi ashisayo ashisayo, kodwa izindleko eziphakeme zangaphambili zokuhlola ukubhola zimelela isithiyo esikhulu. Usizo lwangaphandle oluvela eWorld Bank nase-Global Environment Facility luye lwasekela izinhlelo zokuhlola izingozi zokuhlola, zisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukugcinwa kwezindawo futhi zifake inzuzo yokushintshwa komhlaba. Emazweni asePacific Island, abhekene nokuncikeka kukaphethiloli okungena emkhathini nokungavikeleki kakhulu ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu, usizo olusekela ukujikeleza kwelanga okuncishisiwe kanye nemisebenzi yokulungisa igesi. Le zinhlelo zibalulekile ekwakheni izakhiwo zokwakha izulu nokuvikela amandla ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu emhlabeni.

Izinselele Nemisebenzi Yamandla Enziwe Ngosizo

Nakuba amandla angaphandle anamandla avuselelwayo enamandla amakhulu, lesi singxenye sinezingqinamba zaso.

Ukuqinisa Ukusebenza Kwebanga Elide

Indlela ejwayelekile yokwehluleka ezinsekelweni zamandla emisebenzi i "emhlophe" umsebenzi, lapho imishini iwohloka khona phakathi neminyaka embalwa ngenxa yokuntula ukunakekelwa kwemali noma ubuchwepheshe. Izinhlelo zosizo kumelwe ziklanywe ziklanywe zinamasu aqinile okulungisa, ukunikeza amaketanga ezindawo ezigciniwe njengezingcina-mali namabhethri, kanye nokuqeqeshwa okuqhubekayo kwabenzi kusukela ekuqaleni. Ukugxila ku "ukuhlala kahle" kudinga imisebenzi yokuveza ukugeleza okwanele kokukhokhela izindleko zokusebenza phezu kwayo yonke imishini yayo, hhayi nje kuphela isigaba sokwakha.

Ukuhambisana Nezidingo Zamandla Zendawo Nezimiso Zokubusa

Izinhlelo zosizo eziphezulu ngezinye izikhathi zingakha izimiso ezingavumelani nezindlela zokufuna izinto zendawo, izinqubo zamasiko, noma amaqhinga esizwe e-octroduration. Imisebenzi ephumelelayo idinga ukuxilonga okujulile komphakathi nokuqonda ngokucacile imisebenzi yezezomnotho zendawo. Ukubusa okungenamandla kungaholela ekubanjweni ngokuthuthwa ngenani lamafutha agciniwe agciniwe noma ngemishini kahulumeni engafuni amandla azimele okuvuselela amandla anokusetshenziswa ngokufanelekile. Imibandela ephathelene nokukhanya, ukuncintisana, nokuzimela okuzimela okungalawuleki, kodwa kumelwe iqikelelwe njalo yizisebenzi ezinikelayo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inzuzo yabo yokuthuthukisa intuthuko isuke ifuna ukuphumelela.

Ukulinganisa Umphumela Wangempela Nesinye

Akwanele ukubala ama-megawatt afakwe njengempumelelo ephelele. Ukuthintana kumele kulinganiswe mayelana nemisebenzi ekhishwe, ukusetshenziswa kuka-parafini, inzuzo ebangelwa amabhizinisi ahamba nabesifazane, kanye nokunciphiswa komoya opholile ngaphakathi. Umqondo "wokungaphindeki" ubuza umbuzo obalulekile: ingabe ngempela lolu sizo lubangele ukuba lo msebenzi wenzeke, noma luqhubeke ngaphandle kokusekela kweminikelo? Ukukhomba okuqhubekayo entengweni enteleni esheshayo yendawo ezungezile yelanga nomoya kuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya ngokuya inzima kodwa kuhlala kudingekile ekuphenduleni abakhokhi bentela emazweni anikelayo. Ukuhlola okukhulu kanye nokuziphendulela kwemiphumela ezimele kubaluleke kakhulu ekulondolozeni ukuthemba umphakathi ezinhlanganweni zakwamanye amazwe?

Ikusasa Eligcwele Usizo Lwangaphandle

Izinga lokushintsha kwamandla embulunga yonke lidinga ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okuyisisekelo endleleni usizo lwakwamanye amazwe oluhlelwa futhi lusetshenziswe ngayo. Igebe elingokwezimali lokuvuselela amandla emazweni asathuthuka lilinganiselwa ezigidini zezigidi zamaRandi, elingaphezu kakhulu kwamandla emali engokwesiko ye - ODA.

Ukuqoqwa Kwemali Nokuphangwa Kwezigebengu

Ikusasa losizo lwakwamanye amazwe engxenyeni yamandla lisemalini ehlangene. Lendlela isebenzisa izimali ezikhokhwayo ukuze isuse amathuba okutshala imali emali engekho emadolobheni, ngaleyo ndlela ihehehela abanikazi bezimali zempesheni nemali yengcebo engokomthetho ezisekelwe ezimbonini ezisanda kuvela. Ngokunikeza inhloko-nkulu yokuqala, abanikelayo bangathola izingozi zokuqala, ukwenza ukuthengwa kwezimali eziphambili ezithengwayo kube okukhanga kakhulu ekubekeni izingozi eziyimfihlo. Izinhlangano zosizo zibuye zithuthukise amathuluzi aqinisekisa ngengozi yezezombangazwe, izingozi zemali, kanye nokungaphazamisi mandla amakhulu okungantengo yemali emazweni asathuthukayo.

Ukubambisana KwaseNingizimu - South neMinyango Emisha Yomsebenzi

I-OECD ewuMthendeleko wesiko owenzelwa ukunikela i-OeCD isekelwa ngokubambisana okukhulayo kwaseNingizimu-South. Amazwe anjengeChina, iNdiya, kanye ne-United Arabhu Emirates anika imali ebolekwayo ephawulekayo futhi anika izimali zemisebenzi yamandla evuselelwe e-Afrika, e-Asia, nase-Latin America. I-Belt ne-Graft Initive, ngokwesibonelo, isuka ekugxileni kumandla amalahle emalini awenziwe ukuhlanganisa nokutshala imali engeziwe ezungezeni lemisebeni yelanga, umoya, nemisebenzi ehamba emanzini. Lokhu kusungulwa kwemithombo yemali kunikeza amazwe amashalo amathuba engeziwe kodwa futhi kuveza izinselele ezihlobene nokubusa izindinganiso zendawo, izikweletuzoko, nezikweletuzoko.

Indima YeziNkathi Eziningi (Izinhlayiya Zemibhoshongo)

Ama-MDB aphinde asebenzise amacebo awo okufeza i-Paris Active. Ayashesha ukusuka ekusekeleni imithombo yamafutha negesi enyukayo futhi abhekisa izingqwembe zawo ezilinganayo emandlani ahlanzekile, ekuhleleni imishini, nasekusebenzeni kahle. Ukuziphendukela kwalezi zinhlangano, okucindezelwa yizo zombili lezi zikhungo ezinikelwe nezithunyelweyo, kuzolawula ukugeleza kwezezimali zembulunga yonke. Indima yawo ekumiseni izinga lobuchwepheshe, ukunikeza iziqinisekiso zobudoda, futhi ukuthwala iGreen CCF kuhlale kubalulekile. I-MDBB ibekwe ngokuyingqayizivele kwimisebenzi emincane encishisiwe encinyana encisweyo ethandwayo yabahwebi bezezimali emhlabeni wonke, ngaleyondlela iveza igebe phakathi kwemisebenzi yezezimali nezindawo zembulunga yonke.

Isiphetho

Usizo lwangaphandle luseyithuluzi elibalulekile emzamweni wembulunga yonke wokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu nokuqeda ubumpofu bamandla. Nakuba lubhekene nokukhomba okufanelekile ngokuphathelene nokuphumelela, nokuzinzisa, nokulungisa izidingo zendawo, ukusetshenziswa okusemqoka kwezimali, ukusekela kwezobuchwepheshe, nokuqondisa inqubo yezokuxhumana kuqhubeke ngokusheshiswa kwamandla ezindawo ebezingashiywa. Ukugxila kokubhekisa phambili ezindaweni ebezingashiyeka ngaphandle kokushintshashintsha kuqhubekele emuva. Ngokuqhubeka kubhekise phambili kubhekiselwe kukuhlakanipha, usizo olungcono olungokwezisekelo lwezentengiselwano, ukubuswa kwemali, nokuhlolwa kwezindawo zendawo, nokusetshenziswa kwemithetho engokongalawuleki kwezindawo ezisezingeni eliphezulu, kungaqinisekisa ukuthuthuka kwayo, ukuthuthukisa ukuchuma kwayo, futhi kuthinta izizukulwane zezentengo yokuqondisa indawo.