Isifo sofuba sisengelinye lamazwe athathelwana kakhulu emlandweni wesintu, anezici eziyinhloko zezimbangela zokufa emhlabeni wonke. Ngokwe-World Health Organization (WHO), izigidi zabantu zibulawa yi-TB unyaka ngamunye, nomthwalo onzima ogxilwe ekuhlahleni noma ekufinyeleleni imali. Kula mazwe, ikakhulukazi lawo abhekwa njenganezinga eliphakeme kakhulu nge-WHO, imingcele yezesayensi yokwakha nezomnotho yokunakekela ikhulu. Izimiso zezempilo zivame ukuhlaselwa, amathuluzi okuhlola anciphile kahle angancishwa kakhulu, futhi ukuphumelela kokuthola inzuzo kuxhomeke ekuhlelekeni kwezwe noma inzuzo. Kulo mongo ukuthi usizo lwakwamanye amazwe luba inzuzo ebaluleke kakhulu embulungeni yonke yonke indawo. Izindawo zemali nezindawo ezibucayi zezesayensi, zisiza amazwe amaningi ukuba athuthukele ekulungiseni izifo ezingcono ezifweni.

Ukulwa ne-TB akuyona nje inselele yezokwelapha; kuwuvivinyo lobunye bembulunga yonke. Amazwe aphakeme anezinga elibanzi ngokuvamile aphatha umthwalo ophindwe kabili wesifo, alwa ne-TB kanye nezinye izinsongo zempilo ezicindezelayo njengesandulela-HIV/AIDS nomalaleveva. Imali yempilo yasekhaya, eseyinciphile kakade, ayinele ukukhokha izindleko zohlelo lwezwe lonke lwe-TB. Yilapho izinhlangano zomhlaba wonke zithatha khona, zinikeza khona izicubu zemali nobuchwepheshe ukuze zakhe ukusabela okuphumelelayo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu kusekela okuqhubekayo, umgomo wokuqeda umqeda - TB ngo-2030, isisulu esibekwe yi-United Nations Constable Development Development, siyobe singekho.

Indima Ephawulekayo Yosizo Lwakwamanye Amazwe Ekulawuleni I - TB Embulungeni Yonke

Amaqiniso ezomnotho emazweni athwele imithwalo emikhulu adala igebe elikhulu phakathi kwemithombo edingekayo ekulawuleni i-TB kanye nalokho okukhona emakhaya. I-TB iyisifo sobumpofu, futhi amazwe athwala umthwalo wayo omkhulu kakhulu ngokuvamile awahlonyiselwe ukusekela imali ekhona ukuze alawule. Usizo lwamazwe angaphandle lugcwalisa leligebe lezimali, lusebenza njengenjini yamasu alonke amasu e-TB. Lokhu kusekela akuwona nje umthombo wemali; ngokuvamile kuwumnyombo oyinhloko wezimali zokuthola inqubo yokuhlola, imithi, nemithombo ekhethekile yabantu.

Ukwakhiwa Kwembulunga Yonke Kwezinto Ezingokwezimali

Usizo lwamazwe angaphandle lwe-TB luthunyelwa ngenhlangano eyinkimbinkimbi yezinhlangano zamazwe ahlukene, abanikeli bezizumbulu, nezisekelo ezizimele. Umthombo omkhulu kakhulu wezimali ze-TB emhlabeni wonke yi-Global Fund yokulwa nengculaza, isifo sofuba nomalaleveva. Lobu buhlobo obuningi buhlanganisa izigidi zezigidi zamaRandi ukusekela izinhlelo emazweni angaphezu kwekhulu. Emazweni amaningi aphakeme anezinga eliphakeme, iNgxoxoxo yemali yezwe lonke yendlela ye-TB, imboza yonke inzuzo yezesizwe, ihlanganise yonke into kusukela ekutholeni kwe-siguli sokuqala nesosibili somdeni yezidakamizwa ukuze ikhokhele izisebenzi zezempilo zomphakathi.

Usizo oluvela emazweni anjenge-United States, ngokuyinhloko nge-Agency for International Development (USAID), lufeza indima enkulu. Uhlelo lwe-USAID oluhamba phambili lwe TB lusekela ukungenela okuphakele emazweni aphezulu, ukugxila ekuqiniseni imishini yokucwaninga, ukuthuthukisa imiphumela yokwelapha, nokulwa ne-albisticantiant TB. Abanye abadlali ababalulekile bahlanganisa i-UNTAID, leyo misebenzi esunguliwe yokunciphisa intengo ye-TB kanye nezindlela zokuthuthukisa ukutholakala kwe-TB, kanye ne-Stop TB , ehlanganisa imbulunga yonke ye-odaydvocation futhi inikeza usizo kwezobuchwepheshe. Leminyango ehlukahlukene yenza inethiyo evikelayo engenisa imali evumela amazwe aphakeme ukuba ahlele futhi asebenzise izindlela zokulawula izifo.

Izindawo Eziyinhloko Lapho Usizo Lwakwamanye Amazwe Lunethonya Eliqondile

Usizo lwangaphandle alulona isheke elingenalutho; luyimali ehloselwe ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezithile ezibangela inzuzo engcono ekuphileni okugciniwe futhi idluliselwe iphazanyisiwe. Ukuqonda lezi zindawo eziyinhloko kunikeza ukuqonda ngendlela ukusekela kwezimali komhlaba wonke okuholela ngayo emiphumeleni engokoqobo yempilo yomphakathi.

Ukuqinisa Ukwelashwa Okubonisa Umdlavuza

Ngokomlando, ukuxilonga i-TB kuxhomeke kuma-geneXpert system anciphe kakhulu, indlela ephansi kodwa ephansi kakhulu evame ukulahleka yizifo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abahlala ne-HIV nasezinganeni. Usizo lwangaphandle luye lwabangela ushintsho lokuhlola emazweni aphakeme ngokuxhasa ukusetshenziswa kwemishini esheshayo, njenge-GeneXpert system. Lemishini ingahlola ngokunembile i-TB futhi ibone ukumelana nemithi emelana nayo ngaphansi kwamahora amabili, ivumele ukusungulwa ngokushesha kwendlela yokusetshenziswa kwendlela elungile. Izimali zomhlaba lonke zihlanganisa izindleko zemishini, inqola, nezivumelwano zokuyilungisa ezigcina ihamba emithola imitholampilo ekude. I-Aid futhi isekela ukumiswa kwemicroscopywo yomzimba nezimiso zokuthutha ezidingekayo ukuze ihambe ngokushesha emiphakathini ephakathini ukuze ihambe ephakathi ekuhloleni.

Ukulondoloza Amaketanga Okusebenzisa Izidakamizwa Angaphazamiseki

Ukwelashwa kwe-TB ekwazi ukutholakala kudinga ukwelashwa kwemithi eminingi elwa namagciwane okuthatha izinyanga ezine kuya kweziyisithupha. Kusetshenziswa i-DR-antibitic TB, ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa-antibicium (DR-TB), kuthatha isikhathi eside, kunobuthi obungaphezulu, futhi okubiza kakhulu. Ukuphazamiseka kokutholakala kwale mithi kuyinhlekelele, okuholela ekunqandeni, ukuthuthuka kokumelana nemithi yokumelana namagciwane, nokufa. Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi eyandayo kunciphisa ukutholakala kwemilaliso yembulunga yonke. I-Globalology Facelity (DF), ephayo ekhutshwa yi-Script , ixhaswa yi-Stopt startiva ixhaswa yi-startives, futhi inikeza inani eliphezulu, imithi ye-TB encishisiwe emazweni aphansi kakhulu ukuze ikwazi ukuphatha abathengi abambalwa. Ngokusongela kwe-GDF intensicine, inciphisa imali encikelwe yizini yezidakamizwa ezisefweni elivamile emazweni ampofu.

Ukwandisa Ukunakekelwa Nemfundo Yomphakathi

Imikhankaso yezempilo yomphakathi eqhutshwa ngosizo lwakwamanye amazwe ibalulekile ekunciphiseni ihlazo elihlangene ne-TB futhi ikhuthaze abantu abanezimpawu zokufuna ukunakekelwa. Emiphakathini eminingi ephakeme, i-TB ayiqondwa futhi yesatshwa, okungabambezela ukuxilonga nokwelashwa. Izindlela zokusiza umphakathi ezincedwayo zisebenzisa imithombo yezindaba yendawo, abaholi bomphakathi, kanye nothisha abazontanga ukuze basakaze ukwaziswa okuqondile mayelana nokudluliselwa kwe-TB, ukuvimbela, nokutholakala kokwelashwa ngenkululeko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, olunye usizo lusekela ukwelashwa okusekelwe ngokuqondile emphakathini okuqashelwe ngokuqondile (DOT), lapho izisebenzi zezempilo eziqeqeshiwe umphakathi ziqondisa iziguli ezithatha imithi yazo. Lezimo engcono yokuziqondisa, inciphisa umthwalo ezibhekile ezibhedlweni ezinqiniswe, futhi isekela iziguli ezingasemphakathi ezingase zingalahlekelwa ukulandela ukwelashwa.

Ukwakha Izisebenzi Ezinekhono Ezempilo

Impumelelo yanoma isiphi isimiso se-TB ixhomeke kubantu abanikeza ukunakekela. Amazwe aphezulu anomthwalo ngokuvamile ahlushwa ukuntuleka okukhulu kwezisebenzi zokwelapha eziqeqeshiwe, kusukela kwabasebenza ngemisebe nakochwepheshe bezezobuchwepheshe kuya kubahlengikazi nakuzisebenzi zezempilo zomphakathi. Usizo lwamazwe angaphandle lunikela kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni izinto zomuntu ngokuxhasa izinhlelo zobungcweti zangaphambi kwe-TB kanye nokuqeqesha izikhulu zezempilo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqeqesha izisebenzi zezokwelapha ezithuthukisiwe zezezokwelapha, ukulawulwa kwezifo zezifo, kanye nokulawulwa kwemiphumela esecaleni yezidakamizwa ze-DR-TB. Usizo lusekela ukuqashwa nokugcinwa kwezisebenzi ezikhethekile zezobuchwepheshe, njengezikhulu zezinhlelo ze-TB ne-MEE (monito syst) ezidinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo nemithombo iyasebenza ngokuphumelelayo.

Ukusakaza Izifo Nezimiso Zokwaziswa

Awukwazi ukulwa nalokho ongenakukubona. Izimiso zokuhlola zidingeka ukuze kubonwe ukuthi i-TB yaqalaphi, kuhlolwe ukuvela kokumelana nemithi, futhi kuhlolwe imiphumela yokungenela. Emazweni amaningi anomthwalo omkhulu, lezi zimiso zibuthakathaka noma zihlukene. Usizo lwangaphandle lusiza ekwakheni imishini yolwazi edingekayo ekubhaliseni i-alctronictions ne-arheke ngokusekelwe ekuboneni. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukunikeza i-software, i-acrogen, i-atray, nokuqeqeshelwa ukufakwa kokwaziswa nokuhlaziywa. Ukuhlola okuthuthukisiwe kwenza iziphathimandla zezempilo zikwazi ukubona izindawo ezishisayo, imithombo ebambekayo, futhi zibone ukuqhakaza kwangempela. Ukutshala izinhlelo ze-data kuyisicishicishini lokulawula izinhlelo zohlelo, ukuqinisekisa lobufakazi, hhayi ukuqondisa i-aryry, ukuhlikithayo, ukuhlola kwemizwa kwemizwa.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: Impumelelo elinganiswayo ezizweni ezinamandla

Ithonya losizo lwakwamanye amazwe alikho ngokombono, emhlabeni wonke, amazwe asekelwa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke aye abonisa intuthuko enkulu ekunciphiseni umthwalo we - TB.

ENdiya: Ukukala Ngokuxilonga Ama - molecule

I-Indiya inomthwalo omkhulu we-TB emhlabeni, ibala inombolo yesine yezifo zomhlaba wonke. Ngokusekelwa kakhulu yi-Global Fund, i-USAID, kanye nabanye abangani bayo, i-National TB Relemination Program (NTEP) iye yashintsha kakhulu. Usizo lwamazwe angaphandle luye lwasiza ekuhleleni imishini ye-GeneXpert ne-Tynat yamamolecule ehlola amangqamuzana asukela emakhulwini ambalwa kuya kwangaphezu kuka-300, iletha ukuxilonga ngokushesha amazinga angaphansi kwamazinga. Lokhu kuye kwanciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokuxilonga nokuthola futhi kwathuthuka amazinga. Usizo luye lwasekela futhi ukukhishwa kwe-Niksha i-electronictop, isimiso sokuhlola esibanzi seziguli eziphila phakathi nohambo lwazohambo lwazo. Ngokusekela izingahlongozo zokudla, ukusekela kwemindeli yemithi, nokusiza ekutholeni kwe-TB.

ENingizimu Afrika: I - HIV/TB Isibonelo sokuhlanganisa

I-South Africa inezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokungenwa kwesifo se-TB nesandulela-ngculaza, okwenza ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinhlelo ezimbili zezifo kube yinto yokuqala empilweni yomphakathi. Usizo lwamazwe angaphandle, ikakhulukazi kuMongameli we-Emergency Plan yengculaza (PEFAR) ne-Global Fund, kube semzimbeni walokhu kuhlanganisa. Izimali zamazwe ngamazwe ziye zasiza ukumiswa kwemithola misebenzi emikhulu enikeza kokubili ukwelashwa okulwa ne-TB (ARTB) kanye nokwelashwa kwe-TB ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa. I-Aid Preemedieve Plan isekela ukuqeqeshwa kwabahlenga bonke abaphethwe yi-HIV (PT) ne-PT). Ngenxa yalokho, i-South Africa ibone ukuncipha okukhulu kokufa kwe-TB, ukuboniswa kwe-fandayo, ukunakekelwa kwe-hemicide, ukusetshenziswa kwe-sethi ye-sethi ye-sethi.

IBangladesh: Ukunakekelwa kwe - TB okusekelwe eMphakathini Okulwisana Nezidakamizwa

IBangladesh iye yabhekana nomqedazwe omkhulu wesifo se-TB esithathelwanayo, uhlobo lwesifo esinzima kakhulu futhi esibiza kakhulu ukuselapha. Ngokusekela kwabangane bomhlaba wonke njenge-Stop TB TB TB TB shated ne Médecins Sans Frontières (MS), iBangladesh yathuthukisa indlela yokuthuthukisa umphakathi esekelwe kakhulu yokwelapha i-MDR-TB. Esikhundleni sokufuna iziguli ukuba zihlale ezibhedlela isikhathi eside zokwelashwa kwazo okuvamile (okuyimithetho esemthethweni esemthethweni), isiza ekuxhaseni isimiso lapho iziguli zingazela emakhaya azo siqu aqeqeshiwe izisebenzi zezempilo eziqeshiwe. Lendlela engcono kakhulu yokubekezelela ukubekezelela ukuphila nokulandela amazinga angcono lapho zinciphisa umthwalo ezifweni ezifweni. Impumelelo ye-Bangladensian impumelelo yobufakazi obuqinile bendlela elungele ukusetshenziswa ngokusetshenziswa kwe-RCTBM, i-ov inikeza usizo olungcono kakhulu, i-op, i-encensiza ewusizo esingcono kakhulu, i-odrup, i

Ukuphikelela Nezinselele Eziyandayo

Naphezu kokuphumelela okukhulu okwenziwe usizo lwakwamanye amazwe, ukulwa ne - TB akukapheli. Indlela yokuyiqeda iphazanyiswa izinselele eziphikelelayo ezidinga ukuqapha nokuzivumelanisa njalo nomphakathi womhlaba wonke.

Usongo Lwe - TB Engenwe Imithi Ehlukahlukene

Ukwanda kwemilaliso evimbela i-TB kumelela ezinye zezinsongo ezinkulu kakhulu kwezempilo yembulunga yonke. Ukudambisa i-MDR-TB kanye ne-active-mussion-tericist TB eyingozi yezidakamizwa kuyinkimbinkimbi, kubiza, futhi isikhathi esibizayo sihlanganisa imilaliso eminingi, eminingi yayo inemiphumela emibi kakhulu, futhi impumelelo ephakeme kakhulu kune-MDR-TB ekhona ngenxa yezidakamizwa. Izindleko zokwelapha isifo esisodwa se-MDR-TB zingaba ngaphezulu kakhulu kunezikhathi zokwelapha i-stubex etholakalayo, ifaka izindleko ezinkulu kakhulu ngokwezimali yakho kokubili imali emalini ekhona ekhona. Nakuba i-indlela entsha yokuthola inzuzo edingekayo ekutholeni usizo lwangaphandle kwemilaliso edinga ukumelana nezidakamizwa ezibizayo.

Ukulondolozwa Ngaphandle Kwemali Yakwamanye Amazwe

Amazwe amaningi anezinga eliphakeme aye ancika kakhulu ekusizeni kwakwamanye amazwe ukuze aqhube izinhlelo ze TB. Lokhu kuveza ukuchayeka okusobala. Uma ukunikela kuqala noma umnotho wembulunga yonke uqala ukuwohloka, ukuncipha kwezimali okuwumphumela kungasheshi ukukhuphula iminyaka yentuthuko. Ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwemizamo yokulawula i-TB kuyinselele enkulu. Umphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe ugxila kakhulu ekuhleleni i-"ukuhlela ukuphumelela" ukusiza amazwe ukuba athathe izimali zezinhlelo zawo siqu zempilo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukukhuthaza izimali ezingokwenzuzo yemali emakhaya ukuze athole impilo, kuqinise izinhlelo zezempakatho yezidakamizwa nezokuthola inzuzo. Umgomo wokwakha indawo ukwandisa izimiso zempilo eziqinile ezingasekela ukulwa kwe-TB ngisho nezingamandla ozokusiza ekulweni nezindlela zosizo kwamanye amazwe.

Ukukhuluma Nezinxushunxushu Zezenhlalo

I-TB iyisifo sobumpofu, futhi ukuphikelela kwayo kusekelwe ekungalinganini kwezenhlalo nakwezomnotho. Ukungondleki, ukuminyana kwezindlu, ukungcoliswa komoya opholile, kanye nomoya wasendlini bonke bashayeli abanamandla bomqedazwe we-TB. Usizo lwangaphandle oluhloselwe kuphela ekungeneleni kwezokwelapha ngeke lwanele ukuqeda lesi sifo uma lemikhankaso yezenhlalo ingaqondiswe. Izinhlelo zomhlaba ziqala ukuhlanganisa ukuhlanganisa ukulawulwa kwe-TB nobumpofu obukhulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukunikeza ukusekela ukudla ezifweni zezenhlalakahle yezenhlalo nemikhaya yazo, kuhlanganisa ukuhlobanisa izinhlelo zezenhlalakahle yezenhlalo, nokusekela intuthuko yezindawo zokuhlala. Ukuncithaka ihlazo ezihlobene nezifo futhi kuyinto yokuqala. Imikhankambi yomphakathi eqaliwe inguquko kakhulu yemizwanomphakathi inqubo edinga ukuncipha futhi enzima yezokuthengwa isikhathi eside.

Izinto Eziza Kuqala Eziwusizo Ezweni Elingenayo I - TB

Uma ubheka phambili, umphakathi wembulunga yonke kumelwe wakhe esisekelweni esinikezwa usizo lwakwamanye amazwe ukuze usungule futhi usebenzise amasu aphumelela kakhulu. Ukugxila kusuka ekulawuleni kuya ekuqedweni, okuyodinga kokubili ukudweba amathuluzi akhona nokutshala imali emisha.

Ukuhlanganisa Impilo Yembulunga Yonke

Indlela eqinile kakhulu yokulwa ne-TB ukwakha izimiso zezempilo eziqinile, ezingalingani ezingasiza wonke umuntu. Ukufushaniswa kwe-Universal Health Covarage (UHC) kuhlangene kakhulu nokulawula i-TB. Uma abantu bekwazi ukufinyelela ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko, basengozini kakhulu yokuxilongwa ngokushesha futhi baqede ukwelashwa kwabo. Usizo lwangaphandle lusetshenziswa kakhulu ekusekeleni isimiso sezempilo esiqinisayo (HSS), esihlanganisa ukwakha amaketanga angcono, ukuthuthukisa imishini yokucwaninga, nokusekela izinhlelo zempilo zomphakathi zokuthutha imoto zisuka phezulu, ukusekela izimali ezihlangene nezifo, isimiso sesimiso sokusekela, abanikeli basiza amazwe adinga izakhi ze-TB ukuze aqiniseke kanye nazo zonke ezinye izinselele zempilo. Lokhu kusebenza kakhulu, futhi kuthuthukisa kakhulu.

Ukuvuselela Ukwelashwa Nezifo

Inqubo ejwayelekile yokwelapha i-TB ebonwayo i-'digital-transmic'sture's' iyinto esele yenkathi edlule. Ukucwaninga nentuthuko, okuxhaswe kakhulu yizinhlangano zomhlaba wonke ezisebenza ndawonye nezisiza abaphili, kugxile ekutholeni i-TB emfushane, ephephile, nelula kakhulu. Ukusungulwa kwendlela yokwelapha ye-oral-oral ye-MDR-TB esekelwe engosini ye-bedaquiline ne-delawaid kumelela impumelelo enkulu. Ukucwaninga kwesikhathi esizayo kuhloselwe ukunciphisa ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbili noma ngaphansi kwalokho, okungashintsha ukunamathela nokunciphisa umthwalo ezigulini nasemisweni yezempilo. Ngokufanayo, ukuhlinzwa kokuhlola kuqhubekela ekhonweni okungenza i-meopostry ngaphandle kwesidingo sikagesi. I-Pinsence kulezi zinqubo zesayensi ze-chezungemuva kusetshenziswa ekulweni kweze-TBB.

Ukufuna Ikhambi Elisha Lemithi Yokugoma

Kuphela komjovo we-TB ogunyaziwe manje, i-BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin), inikeza isivikelo esithile ezinhlotsheni ezinzima ze-TB ezinsaneni nasezinganeni ezincane kodwa ilinganiselwe ekuphumeleleni kwesifo samaphaphu entsheni nasemadala. Ukusungula umjovo omusha, ophumelela kakhulu wokugoma i-TB kubhekwa njengethuluzi elinamandla kakhulu elidingekayo ukuze kuqedwe isifo. Umjovo ongathiya ukungenwa kwesifo, noma ukuvimbela ukuqhubekela ekugulela esifweni esisebenzayo, ungaba nethonya elikhulu ekudluliseleni kwesifo. Abahlohlinzayo abaningana abathembisayo abachaphayo manje basemakhambini athuthukile. Ukuthuthuka kwalokhu kugomela imali embululweni embulungeni yonke. Umzamo wokuzi wokucwaninga okuphambili uxhomeke kakhulu ekusekeleni kwemali kawonke kawonke ekukhiqini kwezinhlangano ze-ortreskipra ezinhlangano ze-Foundation. Imali engcono kakhulu ekuhonda engcono kakhulu engcono kakhulu emhlabeni.

Ukulwa nesifo sofuba kuwumjaho omude wesikhathi eside, hhayi wokugada. Intuthuko eyenziwa ekunciphiseni i-TB nokufa phakathi namashumi amabili eminyaka adlule iwubufakazi bamandla okusebenza kwabantu bonke. Usizo lwangaphandle luye lwanikeza isisekelo esibalulekile sezinhlelo zesizwe ukuba zakhe. Ngokuqhubeka nokutshala izimali ezimisweni zempilo eziqinile, ukucwaninga okusha, kanye nokunakekela okunesineke, umphakathi wembulunga yonke ungadumisa ukuzimisela kwawo ukuqeda i-TB. Intando eqinile yezombangazwe nenhlanganisela yezimali akuzona nje izenzo zokusiza abaswele; ziyizenzo ezisemgangathweni, ezinempilo, nezingcono kakhulu emhlabeni wonke umuntu.